CN111900222A - Photovoltaic module and recovery method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module and recovery method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111900222A CN111900222A CN202010802931.9A CN202010802931A CN111900222A CN 111900222 A CN111900222 A CN 111900222A CN 202010802931 A CN202010802931 A CN 202010802931A CN 111900222 A CN111900222 A CN 111900222A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
- H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof. This photovoltaic module includes the first transparent base plate, battery cluster and the second transparent base plate of order range upon range of, and the battery cluster includes a plurality of battery pieces, and the battery piece passes through connecting portion to be connected, and photovoltaic module still includes: the colloid part is at least partially positioned between the first transparent substrate and the connecting part and between the second transparent substrate and the connecting part and is used for bonding the battery string with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate respectively; and the sealing part is positioned at the peripheral end part between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, forms a sealing cavity together with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and is positioned in the sealing cavity. Above-mentioned colloid portion can only be located between connecting portion and the transparent substrate in the battery cluster to be convenient for follow-up photovoltaic module's recovery is favorable to realizing the innocent treatment of abandonment subassembly, and the recovery material is complete and the purity is high, thereby alleviates the environmental burden, has potential practical economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the conversion efficiency of the solar cell and the module, the photovoltaic module technology is updated and iterated quickly, and the system cost is reduced greatly. Although the power of the photovoltaic module with the original design life of 25 years is still within the quality guarantee range of the module company, the initial power is low, and the photovoltaic module with the lower power in the early large ground power station is probably scrapped in advance and is more cost-effective to reinstall the high-power module in the view of the power generation and economy after 10 to 15 years. This faces the problem of recycling large quantities of waste components. It is expected that in the future, approximately 350 million tons of discarded modules will be generated each year, with a annual throughput of 50GW for photovoltaic modules. Such a large number of raw material supplies for future photovoltaic cells and the like may result from the recycling of materials in photovoltaic modules.
At present, the recovery method of the photovoltaic module mainly comprises an organic or inorganic solvent dissolving method, a thermal decomposition treatment method, a physical crushing and separating method and the like, but the methods have certain limitations, or waste liquid and waste gas are generated, secondary pollution to the environment is possibly caused, or a recovered substance with high purity cannot be obtained. And the current double-sided double-glass assembly is more difficult to recycle than the mainstream double-sided double-glass assembly, and a complete battery piece and glass are difficult to obtain.
The main reasons for such an assembly being so difficult to handle are: the encapsulating material of the photovoltaic module is also designed according to long-term reliable performance of 25 years. When the waste assembly is treated, the adhesive force between the packaging adhesive film and each material such as the battery, the metal interconnection strip, the glass, the back plate and the like is kept too good, and the recycling of the assembly is not facilitated. Therefore, the photovoltaic module which is convenient to recover and has the service life of 5-15 years is designed, the intrinsic requirement of the current industry for rapid iteration and upgrading is met, effective utilization and harmless treatment of materials in the waste module are facilitated, the environmental burden is relieved, and the photovoltaic module has potential practical economic value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the photovoltaic module in the prior art is difficult to recover.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic module including a first transparent substrate, a cell string, and a second transparent substrate sequentially stacked, the cell string including a plurality of cell pieces, the cell pieces being connected by a connection portion, the photovoltaic module further including: the colloid part is at least partially positioned between the first transparent substrate and the connecting part and between the second transparent substrate and the connecting part and is used for bonding the battery string with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate respectively; the sealing part is positioned at the peripheral end parts of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, a sealing cavity is formed between the sealing part and the first transparent substrate and between the sealing part and the second transparent substrate, and the colloid part is positioned in part of the sealing cavity.
Further, the connecting part comprises interconnection strips, the interconnection strips cover partial surfaces of the front surface and the back surface of each battery piece to penetrate the battery pieces into an electric path, and the colloid part at least partially covers the interconnection strips and/or the battery pieces.
Further, the connecting part comprises a conductive adhesive layer, and the end parts of the adjacent battery pieces are overlapped and bonded through the conductive adhesive layer to form an electric path.
Further, the refractive index of the colloidal moiety is 1.4 to 1.5, and the material forming the colloidal moiety is preferably selected from any one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ionomer, polyurethane, and polysiloxane.
Furthermore, the battery cluster is a plurality of, and connecting portion still includes the busbar of connecting each battery cluster, and the colloid portion covers the busbar at least partially, and preferred second transparent substrate has seted up the wiring and draws forth the hole, and the busbar is drawn forth to the sealed chamber outside through the wiring and draws forth the hole, draws forth the hole and puts colloid portion material packing.
Further, the material forming the sealing portion has a water vapor permeability<0.1g/m2And/day, preferably butyl rubber.
Further, the width of the sealing part is 0.5mm to 50mm, and the thickness is 0.5mm to 7 mm.
Further, the sealed cavity is filled with a protective gas, preferably the protective gas is selected from any one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon and carbon dioxide.
Furthermore, the sealing part is internally provided with a plurality of ventilation holes, the photovoltaic module further comprises a sealing plug arranged in the ventilation holes, and the sealing plug in at least one ventilation hole is communicated with an air pressure balancing device.
Furthermore, the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are both glass substrates, and preferably, a reflective white glaze layer is plated on a local surface of the second transparent substrate or a reflective film is attached on the local surface of the second transparent substrate.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for recycling a photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: by adopting the photovoltaic module, the colloid part and the sealing part in the photovoltaic module are thermally degraded, so that the cell strings in the photovoltaic module are respectively separated from the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.
Further, the step of thermally degrading the glue portion and the sealing portion in the photovoltaic module comprises: the sealing part of the photovoltaic module is internally provided with a ventilation hole, heating gas is introduced into the sealing cavity through the ventilation hole so as to carry out thermal degradation on the colloid part and the sealing part, and preferably, the heating gas is nitrogen or oxygen-containing gas.
The photovoltaic module also comprises a colloid part which is respectively positioned between the first transparent substrate and the connecting part and between the second transparent substrate and the connecting part and is used for respectively connecting the battery string with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. The colloid part can fix the battery string between the upper and lower transparent substrates, so that the battery string can not move, has good buffering and bonding effects, has better reliability and is consistent with the structure of the existing assembly; and, compare the encapsulation glued membrane of laying in the battery piece positive and negative comprehensively among the prior art, above-mentioned colloid portion can only be located in the battery string between connecting portion and the transparent substrate (the partial surface of battery piece also can cover and have partial colloid portion), thereby form the passageway that can hold heating medium in the sealed intracavity between upper and lower transparent substrate, and then carry out the thermal degradation to colloid portion through above-mentioned passageway, be convenient for follow-up photovoltaic module's recovery, be favorable to realizing the innocent treatment of abandonment subassembly, the recovery material is complete and purity is high, thereby alleviate the environmental burden, and has potential practical economic value.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic top view of a cell string in the photovoltaic module shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of the cell string in the photovoltaic module shown in fig. 2.
10. A first transparent substrate; 210. a battery piece; 220. an interconnection bar; 230. a conductive adhesive layer; 240. a bus bar; 30. a second transparent substrate; 40. a colloid part; 50. a sealing part; 60. a wiring lead-out hole; 70. a ventilation hole; 80. an air pressure balancing device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances in order to facilitate the description of the embodiments of the invention herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As described in the background, photovoltaic module encapsulants are also designed for long-term reliable performance for 25 years. When the waste assembly is treated, the adhesive force between the packaging adhesive film and each material such as the battery, the metal interconnection strip, the glass, the back plate and the like is kept too good, and the recycling of the assembly is not facilitated.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present applicant provides a photovoltaic module, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, including a first transparent substrate 10, a cell string and a second transparent substrate 30 sequentially stacked, wherein the cell string includes a plurality of cell sheets 210, the cell sheets 210 are connected by a connection portion, the photovoltaic module further includes a glue portion 40 and a sealing portion 50, at least a portion of the glue portion 40 is located between the first transparent substrate 10 and the connection portion and between the second transparent substrate 30 and the connection portion, and is used for bonding the cell string to the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 respectively; the sealing part 50 is located at the peripheral ends of the first transparent substrate 10 and the first transparent substrate 30, and forms a sealing cavity with the first transparent substrate 10 and the first transparent substrate 30, and the colloid part 40 is located in a part of the sealing cavity.
The colloid part can fix the battery string between the upper and lower transparent substrates, so that the battery string can not move, has good buffering and bonding effects, has better reliability and is consistent with the structure of the existing assembly; and, compare the encapsulation glued membrane of laying in the battery piece positive and negative comprehensively among the prior art, above-mentioned colloid portion can only be located in the battery string between connecting portion and the transparent substrate (the partial surface of battery piece also can cover and have partial colloid portion), thereby form the passageway that can hold heating medium in the sealed intracavity between upper and lower transparent substrate, and then carry out the thermal degradation to colloid portion through above-mentioned passageway, be convenient for follow-up photovoltaic module's recovery, be favorable to realizing the innocent treatment of abandonment subassembly, the recovery material is complete and purity is high, thereby alleviate the environmental burden, and has potential practical economic value.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, the connection part can electrically connect the cells 210, and in a preferred embodiment, the connection part includes the interconnection bar 220, the interconnection bar 220 covers both side surfaces of each cell 210, and the colloid part 40 at least partially covers the interconnection bar 220, as shown in fig. 1. At this time, the battery cells 210 are arranged side by side without overlapping each other, and as shown in fig. 3, the electrical connection is achieved by the interconnection bars 220 on the surface. The glue part 40 may be disposed along the interconnection strip 220 in a longitudinal direction, or may be disposed in a transverse direction, only that a gas channel is formed between the cell 210 and each of the first and second transparent substrates 10 and 30.
In another preferred embodiment, the connection part includes a conductive adhesive layer 230, and the end portions of the adjacent battery sheets 210 are overlapped and bonded by the conductive adhesive layer 230. At this time, both ends of each of the battery cells 210 in one battery string are overlapped to form a stack assembly, and the battery cells 210 are electrically connected by the conductive adhesive layer 230 at the overlapped position, as shown in fig. 2. For the laminated assembly in the prior art, the adjacent battery pieces are more easily broken by external force at the overlapped position, and the invention can relieve the action of the external force on the battery pieces and reduce the risk of the battery pieces breaking by the external force by covering at least part of the colloid part 40 on the partial battery surfaces corresponding to the overlapped position.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 may be glass substrates, wherein the second transparent substrate is preferably partially plated with a reflective white glaze layer or pasted with reflective strips, so as to obtain a dual glass module with a glass-glass structure. To dual glass assembly among the prior art, because lay the encapsulation through the full area between two glass boards of dual glass assembly and glue in order to realize the battery piece fixed wherein, lead to dual glass assembly can the area of air contact only round all around, the area is minimum, can only retrieve through the mode of the broken monoblock subassembly of physics at present, the finally recovery thing that obtains all is the mixture in small, broken bits, the screening and the purification degree of difficulty are big, and is with high costs, can't obtain complete battery piece. In contrast, the present invention has the colloid part 40 only on the connection part and a part of the surface of the cell 210, which reduces the coverage area between the two glass plates, and has a gas passage to facilitate the separation of the two glass plates, thereby facilitating the recovery of the cell and the metal material therein, compared with the photovoltaic module in the prior art.
When the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 are both glass substrates, the refractive index of the colloidal part 40 is preferably 1.4 to 1.5. The colloid part 40 satisfying the above refractive index can be close to the refractive index of glass, and has little difference from the refractive index of the cell sheet, so that the optical loss can be effectively reduced.
The material forming the colloidal portion 40 may be selected from any one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionomer, butyl rubber (PIB), polyurethane (TPU), and polysiloxane, and is preferably a transparent material in the above-mentioned category, but is not limited to the above-mentioned category, and those skilled in the art can reasonably select the category forming the colloidal portion 40 according to the desired refractive index.
In order to ensure that the colloid part 40 can more firmly fix the cell 210 between the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30, the thickness of the colloid part 40 is 0.2-3 mm, the cell has different main grid line quantity designs, the size is also multiple, the skilled person in the art can set the colloid part 40 with a reasonable area according to the actual cell type, the colloid part 40 can not be completely filled between the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30, and a gas channel needs to be left in the sealed cavity. Preferably, the colloid part 40 on each connecting part is strip-shaped, and the width of the colloid part 40 is 0.5-150 mm.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, the cell string may be a plurality of cell strings, and preferably, the connection portion further includes a bus bar 240 connecting the cell strings, and the gel portion 40 at least partially covers the bus bar 240, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. The influence of the gel part 40 on light can be reduced by covering most or all of the bus bars 240 with the gel part 40 to reduce the covered area of the gel part 40 on the battery piece 210.
Preferably, the second transparent substrate 30 is provided with a wire leading-out hole 60, a glue portion 40 or a sealing portion 50 is provided between the wire leading-out hole 60 and the first transparent substrate 10 to ensure the airtightness of the assembly, and the bus bar 240 is led out of the sealed cavity through the wire leading-out hole 60. The bus bar 240 is used for being connected with a junction box, the junction box and the second transparent substrate 30 can be bonded by silica gel, and the interior of the junction box is filled with pouring sealant. The terminal lead-out hole 60 is filled with the material of the glue portion 40, and the terminal lead-out hole 60 may be further covered with the material of the sealing portion 50 to ensure the airtightness of the assembly, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparent substrate 30 and the sealing portion 50 together form a sealing cavity, the cell string and the colloid portion 40 are located in the sealing cavity, and the sealing portion 50 may have a width of 0.5 to 50mm and a thickness of 0.5 to 7 mm. Preferably, the seal 50 is formed of a material having a moisture vapor transmission rate<0.1g/m2And/day, preferably butyl rubber. In the subsequent photovoltaic module recycling process, the preferred materials can facilitate the separation of the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 through thermal degradation.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, preferably, the sealed cavity is filled with a protective gas, and the protective gas may be selected from any one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon and carbon dioxide. Because the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 are usually vacuumized to prevent the performance of the battery piece from being affected by water vapor, but the external pressure is greater than the pressure inside the sealed cavity, so that the water vapor can enter the sealed cavity due to the pressure difference in the using process.
In order to better balance the pressure inside and outside the sealed cavity and facilitate subsequent recovery, the sealing portion 50 may be provided with a vent hole 70, and the photovoltaic module further includes a sealing plug disposed in the vent hole 70. More preferably, the ventilation holes 70 are plural, and the sealing plug in at least one ventilation hole 70 is communicated with an air pressure balancing device 80, and the air pressure balancing device 80 may be an air bag. Above-mentioned atmospheric pressure balancing unit 80 can also solve the thermal expansion and cold contraction problem that gaseous arouses because of operating temperature's change in the photovoltaic module in the outdoor use.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for recycling a photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: by adopting the photovoltaic module provided by the invention, the materials of the colloid part 40 and the sealing part 50 in the photovoltaic module are thermally degraded, so that the cell strings in the photovoltaic module are respectively separated from the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30.
In order to realize the thermal degradation of the materials of the colloid part 40 and the sealing part 50 in the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module can be placed in a heating device, and the materials of the colloid part 40 and the sealing part 50 are subjected to thermal degradation by the heating device. However, the existing component recycling industry has not been completely developed, so that the thermal degradation of organic materials is a conventional way at present, but for a dual-glass component, gas cannot enter the inside of the component, and only after the component glass is crushed, the component glass is thermally degraded, so that complete materials such as glass, battery pieces and the like cannot be obtained.
The sealing part 50 of the photovoltaic module can be provided with the vent holes 70, and heating gas can be introduced into the sealing cavity through the vent holes 70, so that the accelerated degradation of the materials of the colloid part 40 and the sealing part 50 is facilitated, and the complete material recovery is realized. And reopening the ventilation holes 70 at each position, introducing oxygen, nitrogen or air, and heating at high temperature, so that the packaging material with local bonding and buffering functions of the assembly can be degraded at an accelerated speed, and finally, complete materials such as the transparent substrate, the battery piece and the like can be obtained.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
1. the colloid part can fix the battery string between the upper and lower transparent substrates, so that the battery string can not move, has good buffering and bonding effects, has better reliability and is consistent with the structure of the existing assembly;
2. compare and lay the encapsulation glued membrane in the battery piece positive and negative comprehensively among the prior art, above-mentioned colloid portion is located connecting portion in the battery string, between partial battery surface and the transparent substrate, form the passageway that can hold heating medium in the sealed intracavity between the transparent substrate from top to bottom, carry out the thermal degradation through above-mentioned passageway to colloid portion and sealing, the follow-up photovoltaic module's of being convenient for recovery is favorable to realizing the innocent treatment of abandonment subassembly, the recovery material is complete and the purity is high, thereby alleviate the environmental burden, has potential practical economic value.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A photovoltaic module comprising a first transparent substrate (10), a cell string and a second transparent substrate (30) which are sequentially laminated, the cell string comprising a plurality of cells (210), the cells (210) being connected by a connecting portion, characterized in that the photovoltaic module further comprises:
a colloid part (40) at least partially located between the first transparent substrate (10) and the connection part and between the second transparent substrate (30) and the connection part, for bonding the battery string with the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30), respectively;
the sealing part (50) is located at the peripheral end parts of the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30), a sealing cavity is formed between the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30), and the colloid part (40) is located in part of the sealing cavity.
2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion comprises an interconnection strip (220), the interconnection strip (220) covers partial surfaces of the front and back surfaces of each cell (210) to electrically connect the cells in series, and the colloid portion (40) at least partially covers the interconnection strip (220) and/or the cell (210).
3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the connecting portion comprises a layer of conductive glue (230), and ends of adjacent cells (210) overlap and are bonded and form an electrical path through the layer of conductive glue (230).
4. A photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the refractive index of the gel portion (40) is 1.4 to 1.5, preferably the material forming the gel portion (40) is selected from any one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene and α -olefin copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ionomer, polyurethane and polysiloxane.
5. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cell string is plural, the connecting portion further includes a bus bar (240) connecting each cell string, the colloid portion (40) at least partially covers the bus bar (240), preferably, the second transparent substrate (30) is provided with a wiring lead-out hole (60), the bus bar (240) is led out of the sealed cavity through the wiring lead-out hole (60), and the position of the wiring lead-out hole (60) is filled with the material of the colloid portion (40).
6. Root of herbaceous plantPhotovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material forming the sealing portion (50) has a water vapor transmission rate<0.1g/m2And/day, preferably butyl rubber.
7. A photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sealing portion (50) has a width of 0.5mm to 50mm and a thickness of 0.5mm to 7 mm.
8. A photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sealed cavity is filled with a protective gas, preferably the protective gas is selected from any one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon and carbon dioxide.
9. A photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a ventilation hole (70) is opened in the sealing portion (50), the photovoltaic module further comprises a sealing plug arranged in the ventilation hole (70), preferably a plurality of ventilation holes (70), and the sealing plug in at least one ventilation hole (70) is communicated with an air pressure balancing device (80).
10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30) are both glass substrates, preferably the second transparent substrate is partially surface-coated with a reflective white glaze layer or coated with a reflective film.
11. A method for recycling a photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps:
use of a photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 10 for thermal degradation of the gel portion (40) in the photovoltaic module for separating the strings of cells in the photovoltaic module from the first (10) and second (30) transparent substrates, respectively.
12. A method of recycling according to claim 11, wherein the step of thermally degrading the glue portion (40) and the sealing portion (50) in the photovoltaic module comprises:
the sealing part (50) of the photovoltaic module is provided with a ventilation hole (70), and heating gas is introduced into the sealing cavity through the ventilation hole (70) so as to carry out thermal degradation on the colloid part (40) and the sealing part (50), wherein the heating gas is preferably nitrogen or oxygen-containing gas.
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| CN111900222B (en) | 2023-06-16 |
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