CN112293568A - Fermented Chinese herbal medicine and preparation method thereof, and feed mycotoxin mold removal agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented Chinese herbal medicine and preparation method thereof, and feed mycotoxin mold removal agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed medicaments, and particularly relates to a fermented Chinese herbal medicine and a preparation method thereof, a feed mycotoxin mold remover and a preparation method thereof. The feed mycotoxin mold remover comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-70 parts of sepiolite, 10-30 parts of yeast cell walls, 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-30 parts of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine. The mold removal agent provided by the invention can adsorb polar toxins such as aflatoxin, zearalenone and the like in the feed, can adsorb ochratoxin, fumonisin and the like with weak polarity, can carry out enzymolysis on vomitoxin, and has little influence on the nutritional value of the feed, so that the harm of mycotoxin in the feed is eliminated; the damage of mycotoxin accumulated in the livestock and poultry bodies to the livers of the livestock and poultry can be reduced and eliminated by protecting the livers and benefiting the gallbladder through the fermented Chinese herbal medicines, so that the detoxification effect is achieved; the fermented Chinese herbal medicine also has the functions of food calling and digestion aiding, thereby achieving the effect of promoting growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed medicaments, and particularly relates to a fermented Chinese herbal medicine and a preparation method thereof, a feed mycotoxin mold remover and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the large-scale development of animal husbandry, the scale and the yield of feed enterprises are continuously expanded. However, the raw materials of the feed may be contaminated by mold in various links from field growth to harvest, storage, transportation, processing and the like, and the feed may be mildewed due to improper management in the production and transportation processes. Mycotoxin can cause the reduction of the immune function and the production performance of livestock and poultry, and is easily attacked by epidemic situations after being in a sub-health state for a long time, thereby directly influencing the economic benefit of animal husbandry. In addition, mycotoxin can also remain in livestock and poultry products, thereby causing great threat to human health. In the face of the threat of mycotoxins, finding mildew removers which are economical, effective and suitable for large-scale production becomes a research hotspot.
The feed industry generally considers that all additives capable of eliminating mycotoxin substances in the feed are collectively called as mold removal agents. Mycotoxins are toxic and harmful metabolites produced by molds or fungi, more than 300 mycotoxins have been isolated and identified so far, and the mycotoxins which are common and can directly influence the growth performance of livestock and poultry are mainly produced by four mycete genera, including aspergillus (mainly secreting aflatoxin, ochratoxin and the like), junomycosis (mainly secreting vomitoxin, zearalenone, T-2 toxin and the like), penicillium (mainly secreting citrinin and the like) and ergot (mainly secreting ergot toxin). There are synergistic effects between many toxins, and the simultaneous occurrence of these toxins will far exceed the virulence of a single mycotoxin. These mycotoxins can be broadly classified as polar and non-polar.
Currently, the feed mold removal agent is classified into clay adsorption type, polysaccharide type, enzymolysis detoxification type, Chinese herbal medicine type and microorganism type.
1. Clay adsorption type mold removing agent comprises Kaolinitum, attapulgite, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite powder, montmorillonite, etc. Montmorillonite is the most widely used clay feed mold remover at present, is natural hydrated aluminosilicate, and a special tetrahedral interlayer multi-space structure and the surface of the hydrated aluminosilicate form polar ions to strongly adsorb mycotoxins (such as aflatoxin and zearalenone) with the same ionic polarity. The disadvantages of this class are: the addition amount of the clay adsorption type mildew removing agent is usually 2-5 kg/ton, the dosage is large, and the excessive formula space is occupied; the polar vitamins and amino acids are adsorbed, and the utilization of nutrient substances is interfered; the adsorption effect on non-polar mycotoxins is very slight.
2. The polysaccharide mold removing agent comprises yeast cell wall, algal polysaccharide, medicinal fungal polysaccharide, etc. Yeast cell walls are currently the most commonly used polysaccharide mold removers, with major components being glucan, mannan, chitin and proteins. The glucan is in a spiral molecular structure, can form a complementary firm structure with various nonpolar mycotoxins, and is discharged out of the body of the livestock through intestinal tracts. The binding force of mannan and mycotoxin is stronger at ph6.8 than at ph4.5, and different adsorption forces are shown at different positions in the animal digestive tract. The yeast cell wall mildew remover can remove mildew from the feed without influencing the utilization and absorption of nutrient substances in the feed. Algal polysaccharides and medicinal fungal polysaccharides (such as ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, grifola frondosa polysaccharides and cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides) have similar effects, and can improve the immunity of livestock and poultry organisms. The disadvantages of this class are: the polysaccharide mold remover is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, the long-term storage performance is reduced, and the price of the product is expensive.
3. The mechanism of the detoxifying agent is that certain biological enzyme metabolized by microorganisms destroys the group or structure of mycotoxin, so that the mycotoxin loses activity. The glucose oxidase is the most commonly used enzyme-catalyzed and detoxified mildew remover, is an aerobic dehydrogenase, specifically catalyzes beta-D glucose to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide under the aerobic condition, has various effects of inhibiting mold, detoxifying, promoting digestion and the like, and has obvious effects of inhibiting the growth of aspergillus flavus and degrading aflatoxin. The disadvantages of this class are: enzymatic detoxification has great limitations. The enzymes have extremely strong selectivity, one enzyme only acts on one toxin; the enzyme is sensitive to high temperature, and is very easy to inactivate in the feed processing link; the temperatures and the acidity of different stages of the digestive tract are different and do not always accord with the optimal reaction conditions of the enzyme, so that the application effect of the enzymolysis detoxification is very unstable.
4. A Chinese medicinal mildew remover is mainly used for improving the detoxifying ability of liver to toxin. No matter which mildew remover is used, all toxins in the feed cannot be removed completely, and the residual toxins can be accumulated in the liver to cause toxic diseases and influence the production function of livestock and poultry. The Chinese herbal medicine mold-removing agent can protect liver, promote gallbladder function, enhance toxin metabolism and discharge, and alleviate pathological changes of organism. The disadvantages of this class are: the application effect of the mildew removing agent is unstable due to factors such as the difference of producing areas and varieties of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, counterfeit and inferior in circulation and the like; such mold release agents often affect the palatability of the feed.
5. The microbial mildew remover has bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis and other products applied to the mildew remover. The screened different bacillus subtilis can specifically carry out enzymolysis on aflatoxin, zearalenone, vomitoxin and the like; enterococcus faecalis not only can adsorb mycotoxin, but also can exert the health-care and probiotic effects of probiotics. The disadvantages of this class are: the microbial mildew remover also has the defect of specificity, has obvious effect on certain mycotoxin, and has little effect on other mycotoxins; and the environment which plays a role in the livestock and poultry body has variability, so that the using effect is unstable.
In general, different mycotoxins have different physicochemical properties, and a single mold remover cannot remove all mycotoxins in the feed. Therefore, the development of the compound mildew removing agent is a necessary trend. Thus, the market has appeared that clay, polysaccharides, enzymolysis detoxication substances, microorganisms and the like are compounded to adsorb mycotoxins of various types and quantity as much as possible through synergistic effect. The effect of the compound mildew remover is obviously superior to that of a single-component mildew remover, and the harm of mycotoxin to livestock and poultry organisms can be effectively reduced. The existing compound mildew remover has no effects of relieving and eliminating mycotoxin poisoning symptoms of livestock organisms, or has complex components and poor palatability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fermented Chinese herbal medicine and a preparation method thereof, and a feed mycotoxin mold remover and a preparation method thereof. The mycotoxin mildew removing agent for the feed provided by the invention has the effects of removing mildew, detoxifying and promoting growth.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of fermented Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing zymophyte, traditional Chinese medicine materials and auxiliary materials, fermenting, drying and crushing the obtained fermentation liquor to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine, wherein:
the weight ratio of the zymophyte, the traditional Chinese medicine material and the auxiliary material is (1-5): 80-95): 4-15;
the zymophyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-4.5 parts of candida utilis and 0.5-4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum;
the traditional Chinese medicine material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of liquorice, 10-65 parts of silybum marianum, 10-65 parts of litsea cubeba and 10-65 parts of eucommia ulmoides;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 2-13 parts of corn flour and 2-13 parts of wheat bran.
The fermented Chinese herbal medicine obtained by the technical scheme can protect liver and promote bile flow, and reduce and eliminate the damage of mycotoxin accumulated in livestock and poultry bodies to the liver, so that the detoxification effect is achieved; the fermented Chinese herbal medicine also has the functions of food calling and digestion aiding, thereby achieving the effect of promoting growth.
The room temperature is controlled to be 35-37 ℃ in summer, the fermentation time is greater than or equal to 72 hours, heating equipment is needed in winter to provide the optimal fermentation temperature, and if the temperature is lower than 35 ℃, the fermentation time is prolonged by 24 hours.
Specifically, the pH of the fermentation product is less than or equal to 4.8.
The room temperature is controlled at 35-37 ℃, the fermentation speed can be improved, the pH value of the fermented product is rapidly reduced to below 4.8, and the method is an effective measure for reducing the mould. In this pH range, the growth of undesired bacteria is inhibited. Meanwhile, the growth of the candida utilis can quickly reduce the oxygen of the substrate, so that the growth and metabolism of the lactic acid bacteria are promoted.
Specifically, the water content of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is 35-50 wt%, and the total acid content is not less than 6 wt%.
The total acid content is proportional to the biomass of the lactic acid bacteria. In the above technical scheme, if the total acid content is less than 6 wt%, it means that the lactic acid bacteria does not reach the optimal growth concentration, and the fermentation time needs to be prolonged.
In the technical scheme, in the obtained fermented Chinese herbal medicine, the microorganism breaks the wall of the Chinese herbal medicine cells during the fermentation period, so that the effective substances are easy to dissolve out, and the concentration of the active ingredients is improved. Meanwhile, macromolecule effective active substances which cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the body are degraded into micromolecules, so that the absorption and utilization of the body to effective components are improved, the absorption is complete, and a good treatment effect is achieved.
Specifically, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃; the drying time is about 0.5 hour; the moisture of the dried materials is as follows: 10-12 wt%; the total acid of the dried material is not less than 8.0 wt%; the grain diameter of the crushed material is 40-60 meshes.
The invention also provides the fermented Chinese herbal medicine prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a feed mycotoxin mold remover, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-70 parts of sepiolite, 10-30 parts of yeast cell walls, 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-30 parts of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine.
In the above technical scheme:
the sepiolite has the advantages of clay mold removal agents and can efficiently adsorb aflatoxin and zearalenone; the feed has slow release property, can prolong the retention time of nutrient substances in intestinal tracts so as to improve the digestion and utilization of the nutrient substances in the feed;
yeast cell walls, which can strongly adsorb a variety of mycotoxins, particularly non-polar and weakly polar mycotoxins; the disadvantage of easy moisture absorption and agglomeration is eliminated by mixing the sepiolite;
the bacillus subtilis is used for efficiently hydrolyzing vomitoxin (the vomitoxin is not easily adsorbed by clay) by enzymolysis; the spores are high-temperature resistant, so that the inactivation of the feed processing link is avoided;
the invention discloses a method for preparing a Chinese herbal medicine, which comprises the steps of fermenting Chinese herbal medicines, wherein liquorice and silybum marianum powder are used for fermentation treatment, the inhibition effect of plant cell walls on the release of effective components of the Chinese herbal medicines is relieved by degrading macromolecular impurities such as cellulose, lignin and the like in the Chinese herbal medicines, and effective active components which cannot be directly utilized by an organism are degraded into micromolecular active substances, so that the medicine effect is increased, and the liver and the gallbladder are protected; the Chinese herbal medicine is fermented by microorganisms, so that most bitter substances are removed, and rich organic acid and aromatic substances are generated to promote food calling; the plant tissue is fluffy and easy to digest after being degraded, thereby solving the palatability. The Chinese herbal medicine for protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder is used for producing the mold removal agent through microbial fermentation, and has originality.
The sepiolite can be selected from the prior art, for example, can be purchased from sepiolite mining area products in Hunan, Hebei and the like.
The yeast cell wall can be selected from the prior art, such as those available from yeast manufacturers in Hubei, Shandong, Guangdong, and the like.
The Bacillus subtilis can be selected from the existing techniques, such as those from professional spore manufacturers such as Beijing, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, etc.
The zymocyte can be selected from the existing technologies, such as Yijunle of Liaoning Huachen biology Limited company, and is a composite bacterium of candida utilis and lactobacillus plantarum.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the mycotoxin mildew removing agent for the feed, which comprises the following steps: mixing the above components uniformly.
The mold removal agent provided by the invention can adsorb polar toxins such as aflatoxin, zearalenone and the like in the feed, can adsorb ochratoxin, fumonisin and the like with weak polarity, can carry out enzymolysis on vomitoxin, and has little influence on the nutritional value of the feed, so that the harm of mycotoxin in the feed is eliminated; the damage of mycotoxin accumulated in the livestock and poultry bodies to the livers of the livestock and poultry can be reduced and eliminated by protecting the livers and benefiting the gallbladder through the fermented Chinese herbal medicines, so that the detoxification effect is achieved; the fermented Chinese herbal medicine also has the functions of food calling and digestion aiding, thereby achieving the effect of promoting growth.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1. Respectively crushing 50 kg of liquorice, 50 kg of silybum marianum, 50 kg of litsea cubeba, 325 kg of eucommia ulmoides, 10 kg of corn and 10 kg of wheat bran into 40 meshes, and mixing to obtain a first mixture;
2. 300 kilograms of clean warm water at 40 ℃ in a water storage tank is taken and injected into a strain tank, 5 kilograms of zymophyte (beneficial bacteria of Liaoning Huachen biology) are weighed and put into the strain tank, stirring is started for 2 minutes, and strains are completely dissolved in the warm water to form 305 kilograms of fermentation liquor for standby;
3. extracting 495 kilograms of the first mixture, adding the first mixture into a mixing bin, starting a mixer to enable the materials to start to operate, immediately opening a spraying system with one end connected with a bacteria liquid tank and the other end connected with the mixing bin, uniformly spraying 305 kilograms of bacteria liquid into the first mixture, fully and uniformly mixing, and requiring 90 seconds to finish spraying and mixing links to obtain a second mixture;
4. discharging: putting the mixture II in the mixing bin into a ton bag, pressing and fastening the opening of the ton bag, and starting to enter a fermentation stage;
5. temperature and time control: fermenting at 37 deg.C for 72 hr;
6. fermentation judgment indexes are as follows: measuring the pH value to be less than 4.8 and the total acid content to be not less than 6.0 wt%, thus obtaining a qualified fermentation product;
7. the qualified fermented product is dried and crushed to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine. The indexes of the fermented Chinese herbal medicines are as follows: 10-12 wt% of water, not less than 8 wt% of total acid and sweet and sour.
8. Uniformly mixing 300 kg of fermented Chinese herbal medicine, 300 kg of sepiolite, 300 kg of yeast cell wall and 100 kg of mildew-decomposing bacillus subtilis according to a proportion to obtain 1000 kg of the feed mycotoxin mold remover 1. Sepiolite is a product of Hunan Ningxiang ore factories, yeast cell walls are a product of Hubei Angel groups, and the mildew-decomposing bacillus subtilis is a product of Liaoning Huachen organisms.
Example 2
1. Respectively crushing 100 kg of liquorice, 100 kg of silybum marianum, 100 kg of litsea cubeba, 100 kg of eucommia ulmoides, 50 kg of corn and 25 kg of wheat bran into 40 meshes, and mixing to obtain a first mixture;
2. 400 kilograms of clean warm water at 40 ℃ in a water storage tank is taken and injected into a strain tank, 25 kilograms of zymophyte (beneficial bacteria of Liaoning Huachen biology) is weighed and put into the strain tank, stirring is started for 2 minutes, and the strain is completely dissolved in the warm water to form fermentation liquor for later use;
3. extracting 475 kg of the first mixture, adding the first mixture into a mixing bin, starting a mixer to enable the materials to start to run, immediately starting a spraying system with one end connected with a bacteria liquid tank and the other end connected with the mixing bin, uniformly spraying 425 kg of bacteria liquid into the first mixture, fully and uniformly mixing, and requiring 90 seconds to finish spraying and mixing links to obtain a second mixture;
4. discharging: putting the mixture II in the mixing bin into a ton bag, pressing and fastening the opening of the ton bag, and starting to enter a fermentation stage;
5. temperature and time control: fermenting at 37 deg.C for 72 hr;
6. fermentation judgment indexes are as follows: measuring that the pH is less than 4.8 and the total acid is not less than 6.0wt percent, thus obtaining a qualified fermentation product;
7. the qualified fermented product is dried and crushed to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine. The indexes of the fermented Chinese herbal medicines are as follows: 10-12 wt% of water, not less than 8 wt% of total acid and sweet and sour;
8. 100 kg of fermented Chinese herbal medicine is uniformly mixed with 700 kg of sepiolite, 100 kg of yeast cell wall and 100 kg of mildew-decomposing bacillus subtilis according to a proportion to obtain 1000 kg of feed mycotoxin mold remover 2.
Example 3
1. Respectively crushing 50 kg of liquorice, 50 kg of silybum marianum, 300 kg of litsea cubeba, 50 kg of eucommia ulmoides, 20 kg of corn and 20 kg of wheat bran into 40 meshes, and mixing to obtain a first mixture;
2. 300 kilograms of clean warm water at 40 ℃ in a water storage tank is taken and injected into a strain tank, 10 kilograms of zymophyte (beneficial bacteria of Liaoning Huachen biology) are weighed and put into the strain tank, stirring is started for 2 minutes, and strains are completely dissolved in the warm water to form fermentation liquor for later use;
3. 490 kilograms of the first mixture is extracted and added into a mixing bin, a mixer is started to enable the materials to start to run, a spraying system with one end connected with a bacteria liquid tank and the other end connected with the mixing bin is opened immediately, 310 kilograms of bacteria liquid is uniformly sprayed into the first mixture and is fully and uniformly mixed, and the spraying and mixing links are required to be completed within 90 seconds to obtain a second mixture;
4. discharging: putting the mixture II in the mixing bin into a ton bag, pressing and fastening the opening of the ton bag, and starting to enter a fermentation stage;
5. temperature and time control: fermenting at 37 deg.C for 72 hr;
6. fermentation judgment indexes are as follows: measuring that the pH is less than 4.8 and the total acid is not less than 6.0wt percent, thus obtaining a qualified fermentation product;
7. the qualified fermented product is dried and crushed to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine. The indexes of the fermented Chinese herbal medicines are as follows: 10-12 wt% of water, not less than 8 wt% of total acid and sweet and sour. (ii) a
8. 200 kg of fermented Chinese herbal medicine is uniformly mixed with 400 kg of sepiolite, 100 kg of yeast cell wall and 300 kg of mildew-decomposing bacillus subtilis according to a proportion to obtain 1000 kg of feed mycotoxin mold remover 3.
Examples of effects
In vitro simulated adsorption degradation test
Taking the feed mycotoxin mold removal agent 1 obtained in the example 1 as a test sample, carrying out in-vitro simulation test on the sample by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, and detecting the content of mycotoxin before and after adsorption and degradation, wherein the specific test method comprises the following steps:
1. test materials and methods
(1) Test materials
In the feed mycotoxin remover 1 product, sepiolite is a product of Hunan Ningxiang ore factories, yeast cell walls are a product of Hubei Angel groups, and mildew-decomposing bacillus subtilis is a product of Liaoning Huachen organisms; the existing adsorbent product 1 is a product of certain adsorbent company in China, collected in the market and mainly contains aluminosilicate.
(2) Mycotoxin standard and configuration
Aflatoxin B1, zearalenone toxin, vomitoxin, all available from Sigma. Each sample was dissolved with acetonitrile to a concentration of 1000 mg/kg.
(3) In vitro adsorption test method
Acetonitrile dissolving agent is adopted to dissolve each mycotoxin, then the mycotoxin is added into 0.1M phosphoric acid buffer solution, and the buffer solution is adjusted under the conditions of pH3.0 and pH6.5 to measure the in-vitro adsorption capacity of each test adsorbent to each mycotoxin. The specific method comprises the following steps: the experiment was set up in two replicates, 100 ml of adsorbed sample was taken separately, and 3 different mycotoxins were added, so that each mycotoxin level in each test tube was 2 ppm. To reduce the occurrence of the undesired peaks, it is first ensured that 10 ml of 0.1M phosphoric acid buffer solution is added to each test tube, and 100 mg of the adsorbed product is adsorbed, and each test tube is placed in a shaker at room temperature and shaken for 30 minutes. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 5 minutes, and 2 mg of the supernatant was analyzed for mycotoxin detection. Blank control groups were also included for each in vitro adsorption assay. And (4) detecting the mycotoxin sample and the standard sample, and analyzing by adopting a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) chromatography.
(4) Mycotoxin chromatographic analysis and adsorption rate calculation method
HPLC analysis adopts Hitachi L-7100 and L-7200 automatic sampling tubes; hitachi L-7480 fluorescence spectrophotometer and Hitachi L-7400 ultraviolet analyzer, and analyzing and processing the final data by using Hitachi D-7000 data analysis system and software.
The adsorption rate of mycotoxin is calculated according to the content ratio of mycotoxin in the solution before and after adsorption.
Adsorption rate calculation formula R is 100 (A)0-A)/A0
R-adsorption rate of sample to aflatoxin B1, unit: (%)
A-chromatographic area of aflatoxin B1 in the sample solution;
A0chromatographic area of aflatoxin B1 in blank control solution
2. Results and analysis
The results of analyzing the adsorption effect of the different adsorbents on 3 mycotoxins at pH3.0 and pH6.5 are shown in tables 1 and 2. Note that: the experiment was set up in two replicates.
(Table 1) different adsorption and mycotoxin in vitro adsorption effects under the condition of pH3.0
| Mycotoxins | Mold remover 1 | Sepiolite | Yeast cell wall | Bacillus subtilis for mould decomposition | Adsorbent product 1 |
| Aflatoxin B1 | 97％ | 90％ | 70％ | 73％ | 91％ |
| Zearalenone | 90％ | 25％ | 81％ | 82％ | 55％ |
| Vomitoxin | 78％ | 16％ | 56％ | 63％ | 33％ |
Table 1 the results show that: under the condition of pH3.0, namely under the condition of simulating the animal stomach environment, the adsorption performance of different adsorbents to mycotoxin is greatly different. The sepiolite and the adsorbent product 1 mainly containing aluminosilicate have obvious adsorption effect on aflatoxin B1; but the yeast cell wall and the bacillus subtilis have better effects on adsorbing the zearalenone and the vomitoxin. The feed mycotoxin remover 1 containing sepiolite, yeast cell walls and mildewproof bacillus subtilis has good effects of adsorbing aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and vomitoxin. The results show that different raw materials have a synergistic effect on the adsorption of mycotoxins. Further analysis shows that the adsorption effect of the feed mycotoxin degerming agent 1 on mycotoxin is better than that of the adsorbent product 1 collected in the market under the condition of 3.0. Note that: the experiment was set up in two replicates.
(Table 2) the in vitro adsorption effect of different adsorbents on mycotoxins under the pH6.5 condition
| Mycotoxins | Mold remover 1 | Sepiolite | Yeast cell wall | Bacillus subtilis for mould decomposition | Adsorbent product 1 |
| Aflatoxin B1 | 95％ | 91％ | 69％ | 68％ | 87％ |
| Zearalenone | 87％ | 32％ | 84％ | 80％ | 57％ |
| Vomitoxin | 73％ | 18％ | 55％ | 61％ | 36％ |
Table 2 shows the comparison of the adsorption effect of different adsorbents on mycotoxins at pH6.5, i.e. to simulate the intestinal environment of animals. The results show that: the yeast cell wall and the mildew-decomposing bacillus subtilis have better adsorption effects on zearalenone and vomitoxin, and the sepiolite and the adsorbent product 1 mainly containing aluminosilicate have poorer adsorption effects.
Comprehensive analysis on the adsorption effects of the 3 mycotoxins shows that the feed mycotoxin remover 1 has a good adsorption effect on the mycotoxins, most of the existing adsorbent products (adsorbent product 1 or products mainly containing aluminosilicate) in the market can only adsorb aflatoxin B1, and the adsorption capacity on zearalenone, vomitoxin and the like is poor.
3. Conclusion
The experiment researches the adsorption effect of different adsorbents on aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and vomitoxin under different pH conditions. The test results show that:
(1) as a result, the adsorption effect of the yeast cell wall and the mould-decomposing spore on the zearalenone and the vomitoxin is better than that of the product mainly containing aluminosilicate.
(2) The effect of different adsorption mycotoxins under different pH conditions has certain influence, but the difference is not great.
(3) The results show that the aflatoxin B1 of the feed mold remover product 1 is reduced by more than 95 percent after the feed mold remover product is used, the zearalenone is reduced by about 90 percent, and the vomitoxin is reduced by about 75 percent. The adsorption performance of the feed mold mildew removal agent product 1 on mycotoxin is obviously better than that of a single adsorbent raw material and also better than that of an adsorbent product collected on the market.
Although the efficacy of toxin adsorption products cannot be fully evaluated by in vitro adsorption tests, the method is still the most effective and feasible evaluation method at present. The research shows that different adsorbents have great difference in adsorption of mycotoxins; the feed mycotoxin remover 1 has good adsorption effect on various mycotoxins.
II, animal feeding test:
the specific test method comprises the following steps:
the influence of the mold remover 1 (hereinafter also referred to as mold remover 1) on the productivity of birds, ruminants and pigs was measured after the mold remover was added to the molded feed.
1. Poultry
(1) Influence of feed mould mildew removal agent 1 added into mildewed feed on production performance of cherry valley ducks
900 cherry valley meat drakes of 15 days old are selected and randomly divided into 3 treatments, each treatment is repeated for 6 times, each treatment is repeated for 50 times, the pre-feeding period is 3 days, and the test period is 18-39 days. The normal daily ration group feeds normal daily ration (1.6 ppb of aflatoxin) which does not go mouldy, the mouldy daily ration group feeds daily ration containing mouldy corn (the dry matter contains 18ppb of aflatoxin, and the content of other nutrient components is the same as that of the normal daily ration), and the mould removing agent 1 group adds 500 g/ton of mould removing agent 1 on the basis of the mouldy daily ration. Specifically, as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
| Group of | 39d end body weight, g | Daily gain, g/d | Daily food intake, g/d | Material to weight ratio |
| Normal daily ration group | 3159.73±19.62 | 109.09±0.78 | 235.28±1.79 | 2.17±0.02 |
| Mildew daily ration group | 3120.93±8.43 | 107.40±0.53 | 234.28±0.61 | 2.18±0.01 |
| Mildew removing agent 1 group | 3193.96±22.20 | 110.86±1.05 | 237.23±3.08 | 2.14±0.02 |
(2) Influence on production performance of aflatoxin-fed corn mildew laying hens
The experiment selects 60 Nongda third laying hens with the laying rate of 60 weeks old and the egg quality similar, the three Nongda third laying hens are divided into 3 treatments, each treatment is 5 times repeated, each treatment is 4 times repeated, the pre-feeding period is 2 weeks, and the experiment period is 6 weeks. The normal daily ration group feeds normal daily ration without mildew (aflatoxin is not detected), the mildew daily ration group feeds 20% mildew corn to replace common corn in the normal daily ration (the daily ration contains 15ppb aflatoxin, and the content of other nutrient components is the same as that of the normal daily ration), and the mildew removing agent 1 group adds 500 g/ton of mildew removing agent 1 on the basis of the mildew daily ration. Specifically, as shown in table 4:
table 4: influence of mold remover 1 on laying hen production performance
| Grouping | Laying rate (%) | Average egg weight (g) | Daily consumption of material (g) | Material to egg ratio |
| Normal daily ration | 75.00 | 56.71 | 100.22 | 2.48 |
| Mildewed daily ration | 65.00 | 56.48 | 93.08 | 2.88 |
| Mildew removing agent 1 group | 74.68 | 56.58 | 81.12 | 1.93 |
As can be seen from table 4 above: the mildewed corn can obviously reduce the production performance of the laying hens, and the harm caused by the mildewed corn can be obviously reduced after the feed mildew remover 1 is added, so that the production performance of the laying hens is improved.
Table 5: influence of mold remover 1 on egg quality
As can be seen from table 5 above: the mildewed corn can obviously reduce the eggshell strength, the yolk color and the freshness (Ha's unit) of the eggs, and the eggshell strength, the yolk color and the freshness (Ha's unit) can be obviously improved after the feed mildew removal agent 1 is added, so that the egg quality is improved.
(3) Influence on production performance of broiler chickens fed with mildewed peanut meal
180 Rous 308 broiler chickens with the age of 7 days and the weight close to the weight are randomly divided into 3 groups, each group has 6 repetitions, each repetition has 10 chickens, and the raising experiment is carried out till the age of 42 days. The normal daily ration group is fed with normal daily ration (aflatoxin is not detected) without mildew, and the normal daily ration is fed with 21% of mildew peanut meal instead of normal peanut meal (daily ration contains AFB)170μg/kg，AFB217μg/kg，AFG16 mu g/kg, ZEN 4 mu g/kg and other nutrient contents the same as normal daily ration), and 500 g/ton of the mold remover 1 is added into the mold remover 1 group on the basis of the mold daily ration.
Table 6: influence of mold removal agent 1 on production performance of 22-42 days of broiler chickens
| Group of | Weight (g) in slaughter in 42 days | Daily gain (g/d) | Daily food intake (g/d) | Material to weight ratio |
| Normal daily ration group | 2391.01±24.03 | 73.66±1.68 | 134.56±2.11 | 1.86±0.02 |
| Mildew daily ration group | 2257.00±35.65 | 67.75±1.49 | 132.34±1.47 | 1.97±0.02 |
| Mildew removing agent 1 group | 2339.78±29.97 | 71.49±1.20 | 137.07±1.75 | 1.92±0.02 |
As can be seen from the above table 6, the mildewed peanut meal can significantly reduce the production performance of broiler chickens, and after the feed mildew remover 1 is added, the poisoning symptoms caused by the mildewed corns can be relieved, the daily gain can be significantly increased, and the feed conversion ratio can be significantly reduced.
2. Ruminants
Influence of the addition of the feed mold mildew removal agent 1 in the mildew feed (aflatoxin) on the milk production performance and milk quality of dairy cows
Selecting 12 healthy cows with similar age, body condition and gestation, randomly dividing into 2 groups, feeding 6 cows in each group, feeding basic daily ration (containing 45ppb in dry matter) to the control group, feeding 20g/d mold remover 1 in each day on the basis of the basic daily ration for the experimental group, and feeding for 8 weeks.
Test results show that after each cow is fed with 20g/d of the feed mold remover 1 every day, the milk yield and the daily feed intake can be improved, and the feed conversion efficiency is reduced, so that the production performance of the cow is improved. Aflatoxin in the milk of the mildewed daily ration group quickly exceeds the standard (the upper limit of national standard is 0.5ppb), and the aflatoxin exceeds the standard for a long time in a test period; the content of aflatoxin in the milk of the feed mould mildew remover 1 group is lower than the national standard. Specifically, as shown in table 7:
table 7:
| item | Mildew daily ration group | Mildew removing agent 1 group |
| Daily average feed intake (kg/d) | 27.18±0.72 | 28.67±0.31 |
| Milk yield (kg/d) | 21.83±0.79 | 24.83±1.04 |
| 4% markQuasi-milk yield (kg/d) | 21.29±0.06 | 24.93±0.08 |
3. Pig species
(1) Effect of feed mold mildew removal agent 1 and traditional mycotoxin adsorbents on nutrient utilization
30 21-day-old weaned piglets are selected and randomly divided into 5 treatments, and each treatment is repeated for 6 times. The control group is fed with a certain brand of commercial weaned piglet feed, 2 kg/ton of domestic montmorillonite (8 yuan/kg) is added to the montmorillonite group on the basis of the commercial piglet feed, 500 g/ton of imported inorganic adsorbent (45 yuan/kg) is added to the inorganic adsorbent group on the basis of the commercial piglet feed, 500 g/ton of imported organic adsorbent (50 yuan/kg) is added to the organic adsorbent group on the basis of the commercial piglet feed, and 500 g/ton of mildew remover 1 is added to the mildew remover 1 group on the basis of the mildew ration. After feeding for 1 week, collecting feces, determining vitamin E and trace element copper content in the feces, and comparing whether different mycotoxin solutions have adsorption effect on nutrients.
Table 8: different mycotoxin solutions-adsorption of the nutrient substances (on a dry basis)
The results of table 8 above demonstrate that montmorillonite and mycotoxin adsorbents contribute to the discharge of the nutrient vitamin E and the trace element copper in feces to different extents, and since neither of these substances is synthesized in the intestinal tract, an increase in their discharge may mean a decrease in absorption efficiency. Therefore, in the feed formulation, the amount of the easily adsorbable component should be increased as appropriate in consideration of the adsorption effect of the montmorillonite and mycotoxin adsorbents on the nutrients. The release amount of vitamin E and trace element copper bars in the mold remover 1 and the control group is basically the same, and the mold remover can be considered to have no adsorption effect. Therefore, compared with montmorillonite and mycotoxin adsorbents, the solution of adopting the mold remover 1 as the mycotoxin is equivalent to 'saving' the easily adsorbed nutritional ingredients in the feed.
(2) Improvement of weaned pig productivity
A certain pig farm in Henan: 240 healthy weaned piglets with similar weight are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 litters, and the experiment starts from 21 days of age (weaning) and ends at 40 days of age. Specifically, as shown in tables 9 and 10:
table 9:
table 10:
| daily gain | Rate of diarrhea | Meat ratio of materials | |
| Control group | 0.252 | 12.9 | 1.81 |
| Experimental group 1 | 0.269 | 8.7 | 1.68 |
| Experimental group 2 | 0.285 | 5.1 | 1.65 |
From the above tables 9 and 10, it can be seen that the diarrhea rate of piglets can be obviously reduced, the feed conversion ratio can be reduced, and the daily gain can be increased after the feed mold mildew remover 1 is added. Thereby improving the production performance and the economic benefit of the piglets.
(3) Feed mold mildew remover 1 for improving and relieving porcine zearalenone poisoning
180 young sows with an average weight of 36.64 + -1.52 kg were selected for the trial and divided into 3 treatment groups, each of which was 6 replicates. The test period was 24 days. The normal daily ration group is fed with normal daily ration without mildew (zearalenone is not detected), the mildew daily ration group is fed with daily ration containing mildew corn (zearalenone is 239mg/kg, and the content of other nutrient components is the same as that of the normal daily ration), and the mildew removing agent 1 group is added with 2000 g/ton of mildew removing agent 1 on the basis of the mildew daily ration. Specifically, as shown in tables 11 and 12:
table 11: influence of the mold removal agent 1 on production performance of young sows fed with zearalenone polluted daily ration
| Group of | Initial body weight (kg) | Daily gain (kg) | Daily food intake (kg) | Feed stuffConversion rate |
| Normal daily ration C | 36.83±3.36 | 0.63±0.06 | 1.51±0.13 | 2.41±0.09 |
| Mildew ration group T1 | 36.83±3.05 | 0.67±0.03 | 1.65±0.12 | 2.48±0.15 |
| Mildew removing agent 1 group T2 | 36.33±1.91 | 0.63±0.09 | 1.52±0.20 | 2.46±0.07 |
Table 12: influence of mold removal agent 1 on serum estrogen of young sows fed with ZEA polluted daily ration
As shown in tables 11, 12 above, consumption of ZEA contaminated diets by young sows resulted in increased serum prolactin PRL levels, but did not have a significant effect on FSH, LH and E2 levels; and the addition of the feed mold mildew remover 1 in the ZEA-polluted daily ration can maintain the prolactin PRL in the serum at a normal level.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of fermented Chinese herbal medicine is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing zymophyte, traditional Chinese medicine materials and auxiliary materials, fermenting, drying and crushing the obtained fermentation liquor to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine, wherein:
the weight ratio of the zymophyte, the traditional Chinese medicine material and the auxiliary material is (1-5): 80-95): 4-15;
the zymophyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-4.5 parts of candida utilis and 0.5-4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum;
the traditional Chinese medicine material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of liquorice, 10-65 parts of silybum marianum, 10-65 parts of litsea cubeba and 10-65 parts of eucommia ulmoides;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 2-13 parts of corn flour and 2-13 parts of wheat bran.
2. The method for preparing fermented Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein:
the fermentation temperature is 35-37 ℃, and the fermentation time is more than or equal to 72 hours;
or the fermentation temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is more than or equal to 96 hours.
3. The method for preparing fermented Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein: the pH of the fermentation broth is less than or equal to 4.8.
4. The method for preparing fermented Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein: the water content of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine is 35-50 wt%, and the total acid content is not less than 6 wt%.
5. The method for preparing fermented Chinese herbal medicine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃; the drying time is 0.4-0.6 hour; the water content after drying is 10-12 wt%; the total acid is not less than 8 wt% after drying; the grain diameter of the crushed material is 40-60 meshes.
6. A fermented Chinese herbal medicine prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The feed mycotoxin mold remover is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-70 parts of sepiolite, 10-30 parts of yeast cell walls, 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-30 parts of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine as claimed in claim 6.
8. A method for preparing the mycotoxin remover for feed as claimed in claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the above components uniformly.
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