CN112292119A - 口腔组合物和由其形成的黏膜黏附薄膜 - Google Patents
口腔组合物和由其形成的黏膜黏附薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了口腔组合物。所述组合物可以以固体形式(例如膜)提供。所述组合物可包含一种或更多种成膜聚合物、一种或更多种生物黏附剂、一种或更多种活性剂、一种或更多种聚合物溶剂和水性溶剂,前提是所述组合物不包含苯佐卡因。活性剂优选对一系列作用有效。所述口腔组合物在高至至少40℃的温度下可以是固体或半固体组合物。本文中还提供了提供这样的口腔组合物的方法以及将其施用于口腔或颊腔的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可用于提供闭塞屏障(occlusive barrier)或用于递送活性剂(active agent)的口腔组合物(oral composition),并且更特别地涉及适用于形成口腔可溶性黏膜黏附膜的组合物。还提供了用于制备所述口腔组合物的方法和施用这样的口腔组合物的方法。
背景技术
口腔组合物被用于多种目的,从通过在黏膜表面上提供闭塞屏障或施用镇痛剂来缓解疼痛,到口腔卫生以保持口腔清洁和无疾病,以及保持和改善牙齿的美学外观。这样的组合物可以携带多种活性剂,例如镇痛剂、抗感染剂、牙齿再矿化剂和去除染色的牙齿漂白剂。本发明涉及柔软性和可溶的黏膜黏附性口腔组合物,其能够充当闭塞屏障和/或提供活性剂向颊腔(buccal cavity)或其他口腔黏膜表面以及其他口腔表面(例如牙齿和牙龈)的靶向和持久递送。
用于黏膜表面的表面治疗(topical treatment)的当前解决方案主要以液体、糊剂、凝胶、贴剂、圆盘和压制片剂的形式递送。这些形式通常溶解、容易散布或脱位,并导致其在整个口腔黏膜的作用。另一些口腔组合物可以以条或膜的形式以固态提供,其在与唾液接触时黏附到牙齿或黏膜表面。这些固体条使用简单,并且可以由从业者或期望治疗的个体施用。然而,可能难以将活性剂并入这样的条或膜中。例如,活性剂可能缺乏在口腔组合物中形成固溶体所需的溶解性。相反,活性剂作为固体颗粒在组合物中沉淀,其可以不均匀地分布在整个固体组合物中。
因此,期望和需要提供其中活性剂均匀分布的口腔组合物。还期望提供其中活性剂以固溶体存在于组合物中的口腔组合物。
此外,现有的组合物通常仅提供短期活性剂作用。
因此,仍然期望和需要提供能够将活性剂以更加靶向的方式通过口腔组合物局部递送至治疗部位的口腔组合物。还期望提供与现有产品相比提供持久活性的口腔组合物。
发明概述
本公开涉及为固体形式或可被施用以在口腔或颊腔(oral or buccal cavity)内部形成基本上固体的膜的口腔组合物。该固体组合物是柔软的、黏膜黏附性的并且在口腔或颊腔内缓慢可溶。该口腔组合物克服了在需要时提供闭塞的现有技术的缺陷,并且能够将活性剂以更加靶向的方式通过黏膜黏附性口腔组合物局部递送至治疗部位或在将组合物递送至颊黏膜的情况下系统地递送。该组合物可以是固体或半固体剂型,并且优选膜的形式,其可以容易地模塑在牙齿周围或向其递送活性成分的口腔内的其他表面(包括基本上不平坦的表面)上,前提是该口腔组合物不包含苯佐卡因。其可以提供良好的黏附,以用于活性剂的最大和靶向递送,并且因此更逐渐的覆盖和更长的作用持续时间。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,本公开内容特别提供了口腔组合物,其包含:一种或更多种成膜聚合物,其总量为按重量计约40%至约80%;一种或更多种生物黏附剂,其总量为按重量计约0.5%至约10%;一种或更多种活性剂,其总量为按重量计约0.01%至约35%;一种或更多种聚合物溶剂,其中溶解有所述一种或更多种活性剂,所述一种或更多种聚合物溶剂的总量为按重量计约0.1%至约30%;以及水性介质,其量为按重量计约0.5%至约15%;前述量中的每一个均基于口腔组合物的总重量,前提是口腔组合物不包含苯佐卡因。口腔组合物优选是厚度为约50μm至约500μm的膜的形式。在另一些实施方案中,口腔组合物可以关于以下陈述中的任一个或更多个来限定,所述陈述可以以任何顺序和数量组合。
一种或更多种成膜聚合物可包含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和多糖中的一种或更多种。多糖可以是包含以下的组中的一种或更多种:短梗霉聚糖(pullulan)、果胶、淀粉、藻酸或其衍生物和纤维素衍生物。
一种或更多种成膜聚合物可选自聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、短梗霉聚糖、果胶、淀粉、羧烷基纤维素或其盐、羟烷基纤维素或其盐、海藻酸、海藻酸的盐及其组合,其中所述羧烷基纤维素或羟烷基纤维素中烷基独立地选自C1-5烷基。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,一种或更多种成膜聚合物可包含按重量计约20%至约40%的量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和按重量计约20%至约40%的量的短梗霉聚糖。
一种或更多种生物黏附剂可包含聚丙烯酸及其衍生物和树胶(gum)中的一种或更多种。
聚丙烯酸及其衍生物可以是聚卡波非和卡波姆中的一种或两种。树胶可以是天然树胶或合成树胶。
当一种或更多种生物黏附剂包含聚卡波非时,其可以基于口腔组合物的总重量以按重量计约0.25%至约5%的量存在。
组合物还可包含一种或更多种遮光剂,其总量基于所述组合物的总重量为按重量计约0.02%至约2%。
组合物可还包含生理上可接受的增塑剂。在一个实施方案中,增塑剂是亲水性增塑剂,例如包含以下的组中的一种或更多种:多元醇(例如甘油)、单糖、寡糖、脂质、山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇。优选的增塑剂是甘油。优选地,增塑剂以口腔组合物的按重量计约0.25%至约15%的比例存在。例如,基于口腔组合物的总重量,组合物可以还包含按重量计约0.25%至约5%的量的甘油。
一种或更多种活性剂可选自包含以下的组:药物、漂白剂、防染色剂、牙齿再矿化剂、牙齿脱敏剂、抗龋齿剂、抗恶臭剂、精油、草药治疗(herbal remedy)、大麻素植物提取物和抗牙结石剂,前提是所述活性剂不包含苯佐卡因。在一些实施方案中,一种或更多种活性剂可选自包含以下的组:药物、漂白剂、防染色剂、牙齿再矿化剂、牙齿脱敏剂、抗龋齿剂、抗恶臭剂和抗牙结石剂,前提是所述活性剂不包含苯佐卡因。
药物可以是包含以下的组中的一种或更多种:止痛剂(pain reliever)、抗炎剂、镇静剂、催眠剂、抗生素、抗糖尿病剂、抗高血压剂、抗骨质疏松剂、抗血栓形成剂、抗感染剂(例如抗病毒剂、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂)、抗胆碱能剂、抗焦虑剂、肾上腺素能剂、抗精神病剂、抗帕金森病剂、抗惊厥剂、抗癫痫剂、CNS兴奋剂、抗心绞痛剂、抗心律失常剂、抗高血脂药、利尿剂、抗哮喘剂、抗凝血剂、抗贫血剂、维生素、激素(包括天然激素和合成激素)、抗组胺剂、抗癌剂、抗变态反应剂、抗关节炎剂、抗阿尔兹海默病剂、血管升压素拮抗剂、抗惊厥剂、类固醇、麻醉剂、血栓溶解剂、抗酸剂、质子泵抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、血小板聚集抑制剂、黏液溶解剂、抗疟疾剂、镇吐剂、轻泻剂、祛痰剂、酶、避孕剂、支气管扩张剂、镇咳剂、抗偏头痛剂、驱肠虫剂、生物分子、流涎剂(salivating agent)、消泡剂、抗打鼾剂和厌食剂,前提是该药物不包含苯佐卡因。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,一种或更多种活性剂可以以按重量计约0.01%至约35%的量被包含。
一种或更多种聚合物溶剂可包含至少两种聚亚烷基二醇,其中每个聚亚烷基二醇的亚烷基独立地选自C2-C5亚烷基。优选地,亚烷基选自乙基或丙基。
至少两种聚亚烷基二醇可包含第一和第二聚亚烷基二醇,其中第一和第二聚亚烷基二醇不相同,即它们的分子量和亚烷基的链长之一或二者不同。因此,至少两种聚亚烷基二醇可包含具有相同亚烷基但不同分子量的两种聚亚烷基二醇,或者可包含具有不同亚烷基的两种聚亚烷基二醇。
至少两种聚亚烷基二醇可包含较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇和较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇。
较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是200至≤1,500克/摩尔,并且较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是>1,500至20,000克/摩尔。通常,较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是400至1,000克/摩尔,并且较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是1,600至10,000克/摩尔。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,第一聚亚烷基二醇(其可以是较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇)可以以按重量计约1%至约20%的量存在,并且第二聚亚烷基二醇(其可以是较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇)可以以按重量计约1%至约20%的量存在。
一种或更多种聚合物溶剂可包含聚乙二醇(PEG)。
一种或更多种聚合物溶剂可包含分子量为1,500克/摩尔或更小的第一聚乙二醇(PEG)和分子量为2,000克/摩尔或更大的第二聚乙二醇(PEG)。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,第一PEG可以以按重量计约1%至约20%的量存在,并且第二PEG可以以按重量计约1%至约20%的量存在。
水性介质可包含水。水性介质可基本上由水组成。水性介质可由水组成。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,水性介质可以以按重量计约5%至约12%的量存在。
组合物还可包含一种或更多种遮光剂,其总量基于所述组合物的总重量为按重量计约0.02%至约2%。
遮光剂可包含二氧化钛。
所述膜可以被配置为在与口腔或颊黏膜接触约15分钟至约150分钟、通常约15分钟至约120分钟的时间时基本上完全溶解。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,本公开内容还可涉及制备口腔组合物的方法。这样的方法可包括:在加热至约50℃至约120℃的温度的同时将一种或更多种活性剂溶解在一种或更多种聚合物溶剂中,以形成预混物;将以下组分中的每一种混合到预混物中以形成液体组合物:一种或更多种成膜聚合物;一种或更多种生物黏附剂;以及水;将液体组合物涂覆到背衬片上以形成厚度为约100μm至约3,000μm的组合物的层;以及使所述层干燥以形成口腔组合物的膜,其总水含量基于膜的总重量为按重量计约5%至约15%,前提是所述组合物不包含苯佐卡因。
在另一些实施方案中,可以关于以下陈述中的任一个或更多个来限定制备口腔组合物的方法,所述陈述可以以任何顺序和数量组合。
口腔组合物的膜可包含:总计按重量计约0.01%至约35%的一种或更多种活性剂;总计按重量计约0.1%至约30%的一种或更多种聚合物溶剂;总计按重量计约40%至约80%的一种或更多种成膜聚合物;以及总计按重量计约0.5%至约10%的一种或更多种生物黏附剂;前述量中的每一个均基于所述口腔组合物的膜的总重量。
干燥可包括强加热的空气施加至背衬片上的组合物的层持续约20分钟至约150分钟、通常约20至约120分钟的时间。
加热的空气可以从组合物的层的上方和下方之一或二者施加。在一个实施方案中,加热的空气仅可以从组合物的层的上方施加。
可以通过使背衬片上的组合物的层通过干燥通道来进行干燥。
干燥可形成厚度为约50μm至约500μm的组合物的层。
在一些实施方案中,可以进行干燥以获得这样的组合物:基于整个口腔护理组合物的总重量,总水或湿气含量为按重量计约1%至约15%,约3%至约15%,或约5%至约15%,或约5%至约12%。
所述方法还可包括将口腔组合物的膜切割成宽度为约5mm至约25mm并且长度为约10mm至约85mm、通常约15至约60mm的单独的条。优选地,将膜切割成约60mm的长度。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,本公开内容还可涉及可通过制备方法及其实施方案获得的口腔组合物。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,本公开内容还可涉及将活性剂施用于口腔或颊腔的方法,其至少包括以下步骤:
-将本文所述的口腔组合物施用于口腔或颊腔的一部分。
在另一些实施方案中,可以关于以下陈述中的任一个或更多个来限定施用活性剂的方法,所述陈述可以以任何顺序和数量组合。
一种或更多种活性剂可选自包含以下的组:药物、漂白剂、防染色剂、牙齿再矿化剂、牙齿脱敏剂、抗龋齿剂、抗恶臭剂和抗牙结石剂。一种或更多种活性剂可选自包含以下的组:漂白剂、防染色剂、牙齿再矿化剂、牙齿脱敏剂、抗龋齿剂、抗恶臭剂和抗牙结石剂。
该方法可以是美容方法,例如单独的美容方法。例如,一种或更多种活性剂可以是漂白剂和防染色剂中的一种或两种。
该方法可以是治疗方法。例如,一种或更多种活性剂可以是药物。
发明详述
现在将在下文中更全面地描述本公开内容。本公开内容可以以许多不同的形式来体现,并且不应被解释为限于本文阐述的实施方案;相反,提供这些实施方案是为了使本公开内容满足适用的法律要求。贯穿全文,相同的数字表示相同的元素。如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的,未用数量词限定的名词是指一个/种和/或更多个/种,除非上下文另外明确指出。如本说明书中所使用的,术语“包括/包含”可以用术语“基本上由...组成”或“由...组成”代替。
如本说明书中所使用的,术语“分子量”是指重均分子量。
本发明涉及被配置用于形成薄膜的组合物。所形成的薄膜是黏膜黏附性的、柔软的、口腔可溶的,并且适合于在较长的一段时间内将一种或更多种活性剂递送至颊腔或口腔表面。特别地,薄膜适合于提供活性剂的递送,所述活性剂为例如镇痛剂等,其适合于提供对颊腔或口腔表面的治疗,例如治疗医学适应症,例如在与牙痛相关的颊腔或口腔区域(例如牙齿和/或牙龈)和/或与口腔溃疡相关的口腔区域提供暂时的疼痛缓解。治疗还可涉及美容方法,例如提供牙齿增白。因此,口腔或颊腔的治疗包括牙齿的治疗。
可以将薄膜的尺寸限制为能够覆盖口腔表面的适当大的面积,以便提供活性剂的局部递送而没有活性剂大量迁移到口腔的其他部分。因此,薄膜提供了活性剂的靶向递送,以实现更逐渐的覆盖和更长的作用持续时间以用于预期目,例如疼痛缓解。或者,在期望活性剂的颊递送的情况下,膜可以提供活性剂向颊黏膜的持续递送。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,本公开内容可提供口腔组合物。在一些优选的实施方案中,口腔组合物以具有基本上均匀的形状的基本上固体形式(例如锭剂(pastille)、片和膜)提供。口腔组合物优选可以在高至至少40℃的温度下为固体或半固体组合物。锭剂、片和膜可以类似地被配置为具有显著大于其厚度的长度和宽度。例如,锭剂可以比片厚,而片可以比膜厚。在任何情况下,优选地可将口腔组合物施用于口腔区域,使得口腔组合物在施用于口腔区域之后为基本上固体形式。优选地,口腔组合物在施用于口腔区域之前以基本上固体形式提供,以提供使用者的简化施用。在施用于口腔区域之后为基本上固体形式的口腔组合物可以被配置为随时间溶解以在口腔或颊腔中的施用部位局部释放活性剂。
如本文其他地方描述的,溶解时间可以变化。在一些特别优选的实施方案中,口腔组合物以膜的形式提供,该膜的厚度为约50μm至约500μm,约100μm至约500μm,约120μm至约350μm,或约140μm至约250μm。在一些实施方案中,膜的厚度可为约500μm或更小,约400μm或更小,约300μm或更小,或约200μm或更小。在这种情况下,应理解膜的最小厚度大于或等于50μm。膜可以以条的形式提供,该条的宽度和长度提供了易于施用于口腔区域,通常易于操作,并且在口腔内具有足够宽的覆盖区域以提供活性剂的足够的局部递送。例如,膜的宽度可以是约5mm至约25mm,约10mm至约20mm,或约12mm至约18mm。膜的长度可以是约10mm至约85mm,约15mm至约60mm,或约20mm至约30mm。类似的尺寸限制可适用于其他固体形式,例如锭剂和片。然而,应理解,当口腔组合物为具有较大厚度的形式时,口腔组合物的宽度和/或长度可以小于膜形式,以将基本上等量的活性剂递送至口腔的局部区域。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,根据本发明的口腔组合物可具体包含一种或更多种成膜聚合物。成膜聚合物可以被具体地配置成使口腔组合物在干燥至足够低的水含量时呈现期望的固体形式。例如,期望的固体形式可以是如上限定的优选实施方案中的膜,或者可以是厚度大于膜的厚度的片或锭剂形式。合适的成膜聚合物包含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和多糖中的一种或更多种。合适的多糖包括短梗霉聚糖、果胶、淀粉、藻酸或其衍生物和纤维素衍生物。合适的藻酸衍生物包括藻酸的盐,例如藻酸盐。合适的纤维素衍生物包括羧烷基纤维素或其盐和羟烷基纤维素或其盐,其中羧烷基纤维素或羟烷基纤维素的烷基独立地选自C1-5烷基,优选甲基、乙基或丙基。其他已知的成膜聚合物可以与前述任一种组合使用或替代它们。然而,在一些优选的实施方案中,已经发现当口腔组合物包含选自聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、短梗霉聚糖、羟丙基纤维素、果胶及其组合的一种或更多种聚合物时,可以制备特别合适的膜。在一些实施方案中,可以仅使用单一成膜聚合物。在另一些实施方案中,使用两种成膜聚合物、三种成膜聚合物或甚至更多种成膜聚合物的组合可能是有用的。优选地,成膜聚合物可包含至少短梗霉聚糖、至少聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、或至少短梗霉聚糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮二者。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,成膜聚合物可以以按重量计约40%至约80%的总量存在。总量可以是单一成膜聚合物的,或者可以是两种或更多种成膜聚合物的组合。优选地,基于口腔组合物的总重量,成膜聚合物可以以按重量计约45%至约75%、按重量计约50%至约70%、或按重量计约55%至约65%的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,可使用两种成膜聚合物,基于口腔组合物的总重量,其每一种独立地以按重量计约20%至约40%或约25%至约35%的量存在。例如,基于口腔组合物的总重量,口腔组合物可包含按重量计约20%至约40%或约25%至约35%的量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,并且还包含按重量计约20%至约40%或约25%至约35%的量的短梗霉聚糖。
在一些实施方案中,可以以限定的比例使用两种成膜聚合物。例如,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和多糖可以以3∶1至1∶3、2∶1至1∶2或约1∶1的比例组合。类似的比例可用于本文所述的两种成膜聚合物的任何组合。发现该范围提供了随时间的最佳黏附,同时还提供了活性剂在组合物中的足够负载。
在一个或更多个实施方式中,口腔组合物可包含一种或更多种生物黏附剂。生物黏附剂可以是适于引起口腔组合物(特别是当其为固体形式因素时)黏附于口腔组织(特别是口腔黏膜,例如牙龈)的任何材料。一种或更多种生物黏附剂可包含聚丙烯酸及其衍生物和树胶中的一种或更多种。树胶可以是天然树胶或合成树胶。天然树胶可选自卡拉胶、西黄蓍胶和多糖胶。更优选地,当一种或更多种生物黏附剂包含天然树胶时,其为西黄蓍胶。聚丙烯酸可以是高分子量聚丙烯酸,例如卡波姆。丙烯酸的聚合物可以是交联的或未交联的。交联剂的实例包括烯丙基醚季戊四醇、蔗糖的烯丙基醚或丙烯的烯丙基醚。丙烯酸的交联聚合物由路博润公司(Lubrizol Corporation)以商品名出售。聚丙烯酸衍生物可以是作为盐(例如铵、碱金属或碱土金属盐)提供的聚丙烯酸。交联聚丙烯酸(例如与二乙烯基二醇交联的那些)可以作为盐(例如碱土金属盐,特别是钙盐)提供,也称为聚卡波非。因此,聚丙烯酸及其衍生物可以是聚卡波非和卡波姆中的一种或两种。
组合物的其他组分也可以表现出生物黏附性能。因此,本发明组合物中用于本文限定的其他目的的一种或更多种组分也可以提供次要的生物黏附作用。例如,一种或更多种成膜聚合物(例如,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮)和/或一种或更多种聚合物溶剂(例如,PEG)可以提供本文限定的主要功能,以及同时提供了生物黏附的次要功能。因此,应理解,本文中术语“生物黏附剂”的使用涉及整个组合物中具有提供生物黏附的主要功能的材料。然而,如上所述,组合物的其他组分也可以具有提供生物黏附的次要功能。然而,出于组合物中存在的生物黏附剂的量的目的,这些可以是指执行其主要功能的生物黏附剂,并且不包括作为次要功能增强生物黏附的那些。因此,如果本文中公开的试剂执行不同的功能,则在计算生物黏附剂的量时不将其视为生物黏附剂。
在一些实施方案中,可以仅使用具有生物黏附剂的主要功能的单一组分。在另一些实施方案中,使用具有生物黏附剂的主要功能的两种或更多种组分的组合可能是有用的。更进一步地,组合物可包含具有生物黏附剂的主要功能的单一组分与具有生物黏附的次要功能的一种或更多种组分的组合。同样地,组合物可包含具有生物黏附剂的主要功能的两种或更多种组分与具有生物黏附的次要功能的一种或更多种组分的组合。优选地,本发明组合物可包含至少聚卡波非作为生物黏附剂。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,生物黏附剂可以以按重量计约0.5%至约10%的总量存在。总量可以是单一生物黏附剂的,或者可以是两种或更多种生物黏附剂的组合。优选地,基于口腔组合物的总重量,生物黏附剂可以以按重量计约0.75%至约9%、按重量计约1%至约8%、或按重量计约3%至约7%的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,可使用两种生物黏附剂,基于口腔组合物的总重量,其每一种独立地以按重量计约0.25%至约5%或约1%至约4%的量存在。例如,基于口腔组合物的总重量,口腔组合物可包含按重量计约0.25%至约5%或约1%至约4%的量的聚卡波非,并且还包含按重量计约0.25%至约5%或约1%至约4%的量的多元醇。应理解,前述量可以明确排除本文其他地方描述的仅提供生物黏附的次要功能的其他组分的含量。
在一些实施方案中,可以以限定的比例使用生物黏附剂和增塑剂。例如,聚卡波非和多元醇可以以3∶1至1∶3、2∶1至1∶2或约1∶1的比例组合。类似的比例可用于生物黏附剂和增塑剂的任何组合。
在多种实施方案中,一种或更多种活性剂可包含在口腔组合物中。一种或更多种活性剂可以被配置为提供任何数量的期望效果。在某些实施方案中,活性剂可以被配置为提供止痛和/或舒缓和/或清凉效果。一种或更多种活性剂可以以适用于提供期望效果的量存在。
活性剂可选自包含药物、漂白剂、防染色剂、牙齿再矿化剂、牙齿脱敏剂、抗龋齿剂、抗恶臭剂或抗牙结石剂的组,前提是活性剂不包含苯佐卡因。因此,活性剂可以是药物或美容活性剂,例如单独的美容活性剂。
一种或更多种药物可以是以下中的一种或更多种:止痛剂、抗炎剂、镇静剂、催眠剂、抗生素、抗糖尿病剂、抗高血压剂、抗骨质疏松剂、抗血栓形成剂、抗感染剂(例如抗病毒剂、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂)、抗胆碱能剂、抗焦虑剂、肾上腺素能剂、抗精神病剂、抗帕金森病剂、抗惊厥剂、抗癫痫剂、CNS兴奋剂、抗心绞痛剂、抗心律失常剂、抗高血脂药、利尿剂、抗哮喘剂、抗凝血剂、抗贫血剂、维生素、激素(包括天然激素和合成激素)、抗组胺剂、抗癌剂、抗变态反应剂、抗关节炎剂、抗阿尔兹海默病剂、血管升压素拮抗剂、抗惊厥剂、类固醇、麻醉剂、血栓溶解剂、抗酸剂、质子泵抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、血小板聚集抑制剂、黏液溶解剂、抗疟疾剂、镇吐剂、轻泻剂、祛痰剂、酶、避孕剂、支气管扩张剂、镇咳剂、抗偏头痛剂、驱肠虫剂、生物分子、流涎剂、消泡剂、以及抗打鼾剂和厌食剂,前提是该一种或更多种药物不包含苯佐卡因。
止痛剂的实例包括非甾体类抗炎药、对乙酰氨基酚、大麻素、组合的助眠剂和止痛剂混合物、阿片样物质、肌肉松弛剂、苯二氮类、非苯二氮类催眠剂、抗惊厥剂和抗抑郁剂,前提是止痛剂不是苯佐卡因。非甾体抗炎剂的实例包括阿司匹林、布洛芬、酮洛芬和萘普生。对乙酰氨基酚的实例包括泰诺(tylenol)和必理痛(panadol)。大麻素的实例包括四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚和大麻酚。组合的助眠剂和止痛剂混合物的实例包括布洛芬与苯海拉明,以及对乙酰氨基酚与苯海拉明。阿片样物质的实例包括可待因、吗啡、羟考酮、羟考酮与对乙酰氨基酚以及氢可酮与对乙酰氨基酚。肌肉松弛剂的实例包括环苯扎林、巴氯芬、metaloxalone和卡立普多。苯二氮类的实例包括劳拉西泮、氟西泮、三唑仑(triazolom)、氯硝西泮、替马西泮和地西泮。非苯二氮类催眠剂的实例包括唑吡坦、艾司佐匹克隆(eszopiclone)和扎来普隆。抗惊厥剂的实例包括噻加宾(tiagabine)、卡马西平、加巴喷丁和托吡酯。抗抑郁剂的实例包括去甲替林、曲唑酮、阿米替林、奈法唑酮和度洛西汀。示例性的生物分子包括细菌素、抗体和酶。
抗感染剂可选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:抗细菌剂、抗病毒剂和抗真菌剂。抗感染剂优选包含抗细菌剂,特别是用于生物膜治疗的抗细菌剂。抗细菌剂可以是选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种化合物:过氧化苯甲酰、三氯生、氯己定(chlorhexidine)、铜盐、锌盐和亚锡盐(例如柠檬酸锌、柠檬酸锌钠和焦磷酸亚锡)、血根碱提取物、甲硝唑、季铵化合物及其盐。适合用作抗细菌剂的季铵化合物包括氯化十六烷基吡啶;双胍,例如氯己定二葡糖酸盐、海克替啶(hexetidine)、奥替尼啶(octenidine)、阿来西丁(alexidine);以及卤代双酚化合物,例如2,2′亚甲基双-(4-氯-6-溴酚)。优选的抗细菌剂是氯己定或其盐,例如氯己定二盐酸盐、氯己定二乙酸盐或氯己定二葡萄糖酸盐。
抗炎剂可以是甾体抗炎剂或非甾体抗炎剂。优选地,抗炎剂包含选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种化合物:布洛芬、氟比洛芬、阿司匹林和吲哚美辛(indomethacin)。
一种或更多种活性药剂可以是以下中的一种或更多种:氨氯地平、地西泮、扑热息痛、阿司匹林、环丙沙星、双环胺、塞来昔布、阿仑膦酸盐、咖啡因(包括包封的咖啡因)、双醋瑞因、阿昔洛韦、氟康唑、肾上腺素、双丙戊酸、哌醋甲酯、氟卡尼、美托洛尔、非诺贝特、氢氯噻嗪、孟鲁司特、肝素、华法林、血红蛋白、铁、抗坏血酸、黄体化激素(1eutinizinghormone)、比卡鲁胺、多奈哌齐、托伐普坦、可的松、利多卡因、碳酸钙、沙奎那韦、溴己定、异丙嗪、比沙可啶、胰酶、乙炔雌二醇、沙丁胺醇、苯海拉明、舒马普坦、双氯芬酸、甲硝唑、奥利司他、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、酮咯酸、曲马多(tramadolol)、奥卡西平、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、米格列醇、维格列汀(vildagliptin)、西格列汀、瑞格列奈、伏格列波糖、阿普唑仑、氯丙嗪、西咪替丁、伪麻黄碱、萘普生、吡罗昔康、阿替洛尔、苯那普利、卡托普利、赖诺普利、福辛普利、依那普利、呋塞米、吲达帕胺、阿替洛尔、非洛地平、维拉帕米、卡替洛尔(cartenolol)、卡维地洛、西立伐他汀、地尔硫卓、氟伐他汀、厄贝沙坦、坎地沙坦、甲基多巴、尼古丁、利血平、安非他酮、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、艾司西酞普兰、舍曲林、阿米替林(amitryptiline)、丙咪嗪、非索非那定、氯吡格雷、恩他卡朋(entacapone)、左旋多巴、卡比多巴、左乙拉西坦、文拉法辛、度洛西汀、赖诺普汀、氯沙坦、洛伐他汀、烟酸、薄荷醇、普伐他汀、雷米普利、辛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非、埃索美拉唑、法莫替丁、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑、雷尼替丁、西甲硅油、青蒿琥酯、阿莫地喹、贝那普利、米索前列醇、二甲双胍、格列吡嗪、四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚、大麻酚及可药用盐。
漂白剂可以是有机或无机漂白剂。有机漂白剂的实例是有机过氧酸,包括6-(苯二甲酰亚胺基)过氧己酸和过氧化苯甲酰。可以向有机过氧酸提供稳定剂,例如吡啶二羧酸(dipicolinic acid)或锡酸钠。无机漂白剂的实例包括过氧化氢和过氧单硫酸(peroxymonosulphuric acid)和亚氯酸盐。优选地,亚氯酸盐是碱金属亚氯酸盐,例如亚氯酸钠。优选地,过氧化物选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:过氧化氢、过酸(例如过羧酸)、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化脲、过硼酸钠和过碳酸钠。最优选地,漂白剂包含过氧化氢。优选地,当漂白剂包含过氧化氢时,至少一部分过氧化氢与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为配合物存在。漂白剂可以完全与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮成膜剂配合存在,或者一部分漂白剂可以与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮以配合物存在,而其余的漂白剂以未配合的形式(即未结合聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)存在于组合物中。过氧化氢可与吡咯烷酮环的羰基形成氢键以形成配合物。一个过氧化氢分子可以与吡咯烷酮的至少一个羧基形成氢键。然而,一个过氧化氢分子也可以形成两个氢键,每一个是与两个相邻的吡咯烷酮环的羰基。因此,在这样的配合物中吡咯烷酮基团与过氧化氢的摩尔比可以是1∶1至2∶1。这导致配合物可以根据过氧化氢和羰基之间的配位度包含按重量计15%至20%的过氧化氢和按重量计80%至85%的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。配合物中的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物可选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:未交联的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、交联的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮与丙烯酸的共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮与丙烯酸乙烯基酯的共聚物、或烷基化的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的重均分子量可优选为100万至150万,还更优选约130万。合适的吡咯烷酮聚合物与过氧化氢配合物由Ashland以商标名PeroxydoneTM出售。
防染色剂可以是多磷酸盐,例如六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠或其组合。
牙齿再矿化剂可以是生物活性玻璃。生物活性玻璃可以促进牙釉质的再矿化。因此,其也可以用作牙齿脱敏剂。优选地,生物活性玻璃是磷硅酸盐,例如磷硅酸钙钠。更优选地,生物活性玻璃是包含酪蛋白磷酸肽无定形磷酸钙的乳蛋白,例如Cadbury EnterprisesPte Ltd.的RecaldentTM。
牙齿脱敏剂可选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:草酸盐(例如碱金属草酸盐)、精氨酸、碱金属柠檬酸盐、碱金属氯化物、碱金属酒石酸盐、碱金属碳酸氢盐、碱金属硝酸盐、锶的盐和氟化物(例如碱金属氟化物)。优选地,碱金属是钠或钾。更优选地,脱敏剂选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:柠檬酸钾、氯化钾、酒石酸钾、碳酸氢钾、草酸钾、硝酸钾和氟化钠。
抗龋齿剂可以是选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种化合物:氟化钠、氟化亚锡、氟化胺、氟磷酸一钠、酪蛋白和噬斑缓冲剂(plaque buffer)。示例性的噬斑缓冲剂包括脲、乳酸钙、甘油磷酸钙和聚丙烯酸锶。
抗恶臭剂可以是选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种化合物:氯己定、氟化胺、亚锡盐、对硫具有高亲和力的金属离子(例如锌)、芳香醚或醇与精油的混合物、以及精油。产品例如Meridol、CB12是恶臭活性物质的混合物。
抗牙结石剂可以是选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种化合物:碱金属焦磷酸盐、含次磷酸盐的聚合物、有机膦酸盐和磷酸柠檬酸盐。
大麻素植物提取物可以是来自大麻的大麻二酚提取物或树脂,例如从大麻中提取和分离的一种或更多种化合物。植物提取物可包含选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种化合物:萜烯、四氢大麻酚(THC)、大麻二酚(CBD)和/或大麻素。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,活性剂可以以按重量计约0.01%至约35%的总量存在。总量可以是单一活性剂的,或者可以是两种或更多种活性剂的组合。优选地,基于口腔组合物的总重量,活性剂可以以按重量计约0.1%至约30%、按重量计约1%至约25%、或按重量计约5%至约20%的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,可使用两种活性剂,基于口腔组合物的总重量,其每一种独立地以按重量计约1%至约15%或约1%至约10%的量存在。
尽管多种聚合材料可以特别适合在本文中用作成膜聚合物,但本文中有用的一种或更多种活性剂可能不是特别可溶于成膜聚合物中。因此,在多种实施方案中,本公开内容的口腔组合物可还包含其中溶解有一种或更多种活性剂的一种或更多种聚合物溶剂。聚合物溶剂可包含与成膜聚合物相比活性剂在其中表现出更高的溶解度并且适合与成膜聚合物混合的任何聚合物材料。
一种或更多种聚合物溶剂可包含至少两种聚亚烷基二醇,其中每个聚亚烷基二醇的亚烷基独立地选自C2-C5亚烷基,即亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚戊基及其结构异构体,例如正亚丙基、异亚丙基等。优选地,亚烷基选自乙基或丙基。至少两种聚亚烷基二醇可包含第一和第二聚亚烷基二醇,其中第一和第二聚亚烷基二醇不相同,即它们的分子量和亚烷基的链长之一或二者不同。因此,至少两种聚亚烷基二醇可包含具有相同亚烷基但不同分子量的两种聚亚烷基二醇,或者可包含具有不同亚烷基和相同或不同分子量的两种聚亚烷基二醇。至少两种聚亚烷基二醇可包含较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇和较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇。为了避免疑问,术语“较低”和“较高”是相对于彼此,使得较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量小于较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量。较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是200至≤1,500克/摩尔,并且较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是>1,500至20,000克/摩尔。通常,较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是400至1,000克/摩尔,并且较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的分子量可以是1,600至10,000克/摩尔。
不同分子量(特别是上述范围的那些)的至少两种聚亚烷基二醇提供了性能的有利组合,这些性能包括活性剂的增溶以及膜的稳定、黏附和增塑。较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇增强了活性剂在组合物中的溶解度。较高分子量的聚亚烷基使组合物中活性剂的固溶体稳定。
在某些实施方案中,对于聚合物溶剂而言特别有用的是包含一种或更多种等级的聚乙二醇(PEG)。可以相对于其平均分子量(例如,例如基于重均分子量)来表征不同等级的PEG。利用两种不同等级的PEG作为聚合物溶剂可能是特别有益的。这样,聚合物溶剂可包含具有第一平均分子量的第一PEG和具有第二平均分子量的第二PEG。第一平均分子量不同于第二平均分子量。优选地,第二平均分子量是第一平均分子量的至少1.5倍、至少2倍、至少4倍、至少5倍、至少8倍、或至少10倍。
在一些实施方案中,可用作聚合物溶剂的第一PEG可以通过相对于第二PEG具有较低的分子量来表征。例如,第一PEG的平均分子量可以是约1,500克/摩尔或更小,约1,000克/摩尔或更小,或约800克/摩尔或更小。优选地,在这样的实施方案中,第一PEG的平均分子量为至少200克/摩尔。在某些实施方案中,第一PEG的平均分子量可以是约200克/摩尔至约1,000克/摩尔,约200克/摩尔至约800克/摩尔,或约250克/摩尔至约600克/摩尔。在另一些实施方案中,第一PEG的平均分子量可以是约200克/摩尔至约1,500克/摩尔,约250克/摩尔至约1,500克/摩尔,或约300克/摩尔至约1200克/摩尔。
在一些实施方案中,可用作聚合物溶剂的第二PEG可以通过相对于第一PEG具有较高的分子量来表征。例如,第二PEG的平均分子量可以是约2,000克/摩尔或更大,约2,500克/摩尔或更大,或约3,000克/摩尔或更大。优选地,在这样的实施方案中,第二PEG的平均分子量不超过约20,000克/摩尔。在某些实施方案中,第二PEG的平均分子量可以是约2,000克/摩尔至约10,000克/摩尔,约2,500克/摩尔至约8,000克/摩尔,或约3,000克/摩尔至约6,000克/摩尔。在另一些实施方案中,第二PEG的平均分子量可以是约2,500克/摩尔至约20,000克/摩尔,约3,000克/摩尔至约15,000克/摩尔,或约3,500克/摩尔至约10,000克/摩尔。
在一些实施方案中,可以以限定的比例使用两种聚合物溶剂。例如,当使用第一低分子量PEG和第二高分子量PEG时,第一PEG和第二PEG可以以4∶1至1∶2、3∶1至1∶1,或2.5∶1至1.5∶1的比例组合。
基于口腔组合物的总重量,一种或更多种聚合物溶剂优选以按重量计约0.1%至约30%的总量存在。总量可以是单一聚合物溶剂的,或者可以是两种或更多种聚合物溶剂的组合。优选地,基于口腔组合物的总重量,聚合物溶剂可以以按重量计约1%至约25%、按重量计约5%至约20%、或按重量计约8%至约15%的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,可使用两种聚合物溶剂,基于口腔组合物的总重量,其每一种独立地以按重量计约2%至约15%或约2%至约10%的量存在。例如,基于口腔组合物的总重量,口腔组合物可包含按重量计约2%至约15%或约5%至约12%的量的低分子量(如本文所限定)的第一聚亚烷基二醇(例如PEG),并且还包含按重量计约2%至约10%或约3%至约8%的量的高分子量(如本文所限定)的第二聚亚烷基二醇(例如PEG)。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,水性介质也可用于形成口腔组合物。水性介质优选地包含水,例如基本上纯净的水;然而,水性介质中也可包含盐、缓冲剂等。在一些实施方案中,水性介质可以占总口腔组合物的按重量计约0.5%至约15%、按重量计约1%至约14%、约2%至约13%、约5%至约12%、或约7%至约11%。口腔组合物的水含量可与最终形式的组合物特别相关。例如,当口腔组合物以膜形式提供时,将膜干燥至最终水分含量或最终水含量可能特别有用,并且这样的水分含量或水含量可以在上述限定的范围内。水分水平会影响膜的性能及其制造。当组合物的水分含量高于按重量计15%时,膜的拉伸强度可能不足并且太柔软。当水分含量低于按重量计0.5%时,膜可能太脆。
在一些实施方案中,口腔组合物可包含一种或更多种遮光剂。合适的遮光剂可包括适合于使固体形式的口腔组合物基本上不透明的任何材料。例如,金属氧化物可用作遮光剂,并且合适的金属氧化物的具体的非限制性实例包括二氧化钛、氧化锌和氧化铁。适合用作遮光剂的其他材料的实例包括碳酸镁、滑石等。基于组合物的总重量,一种或更多种遮光剂并且特别是一种或更多种金属氧化物可以以按重量计约0.02%至约2%、按重量计约0.05%至约1.5%、或按重量计约0.08%至约1%的总量包含在口腔组合物。
在多种实施方案中,口腔组合物可还包含一种或更多种另外的组分。一种或更多种任选组分可选自包含以下的组中的一种或更多种:pH调节剂、调味剂、甜味剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、着色剂和递送增强聚合物。
pH调节剂可选自包含以下的组:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸和碳酸氢钠。优选地,pH调节剂是氢氧化钠。太低的pH可导致不希望的牙齿腐蚀。口腔组合物的pH可以是5至6.5。
增塑剂是生理上可接受的增塑剂。在一个实施方案中,增塑剂是亲水性增塑剂,例如包含以下的组中的一种或更多种:多元醇,例如甘油,以及单糖、寡糖、脂质、山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇。优选的增塑剂是甘油。优选地,增塑剂以口腔组合物的按重量计0.25%至15%的比例存在。优选地,基于口腔护理组合物的总重量,增塑剂以按重量计约0.5%至约8%、按重量计约0.75%至约6%、或按重量计约1%至约5%的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,可使用两种增塑剂,基于口腔护理组合物的总重量,其每一种独立地以按重量计约0.5%至约5%或约1%至约4%的量存在。例如,基于口腔护理组合物的总重量,口腔护理组合物可包含按重量计约0.5%至约5%或约1%至约4%的量的甘油(或其他多元醇)。
表面活性剂可以是离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂。优选地,非离子表面活性剂包含一种或更多种脂肪酸,其可以是饱和或不饱和的。更优选地,非离子表面活性剂包含至少一种不饱和脂肪酸(例如油酸和/或亚油酸)以及任选地至少一种饱和脂肪酸(例如棕榈酸和/或硬脂酸)。优选地,如果存在的话,表面活性剂占口腔组合物的按干重计0.01至5wt.%的比例。
也可以存在增强活性剂递送的聚合物化合物。这样的递送增强聚合物的实例包括聚乙烯基甲基醚与马来酸酐的共聚物。
口腔组合物可包含甜味剂和调味剂中的至少一种。在一些实施方案中,基于口腔组合物的总重量,甜味剂可以以按重量计约0.1%至约1%、或按重量计约0.2%至约0.5%的量存在。甜味剂可以是糖替代品,例如人工糖替代品或天然糖替代品。人工糖替代品可选自包含以下的组:三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、爱德万甜(advantame)、糖精、乙酰磺胺酸钾和甜蜜素,优选三氯蔗糖。天然糖替代物可选自包含以下的组:赤藓糖醇、甘露糖醇、甜菊、山梨糖醇和木糖醇。优选地,甜味剂是三氯蔗糖。
在一些实施方案中,基于口腔组合物的总重量,调味剂可以以按重量计约0.1%至约2%、或按重量计约0.5%至约1%的量存在。调味剂可以是人工凋味剂或天然调味剂。调味剂可以是选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:草本调味剂,例如薄荷,例如留兰香(spearmint)或欧薄荷(peppermint),香料调味剂,例如姜、肉桂或香草,或水果调味剂,例如苹果、葡萄、橙子、梨或草莓。优选地,调味剂是欧薄荷。
在另一些实施方案中,口腔组合物可包含一种或更多种防腐剂。合适的防腐剂的非限制性实例包括丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、山梨酸钾、山梨酸钠、苯甲酸钠等。基于组合物的总重量,一种或更多种防腐剂可以以按重量计约0.02%至约2%、按重量计约0.05%至约1.5%、或按重量计约0.08%至约1%的总量包含在口腔组合物中。
更进一步地,口腔组合物可根据需要包含一种或更多种天然或人工着色剂,优选地其量为按重量计0.001%至按重量计约0.2%,或按重量计约0.01%至按重量计约0.1%。着色剂可以是FD&C blue no.1及其色淀。
本发明口腔组合物可特别有益于将活性剂递送至口腔或颊腔的区域。在这样的实施方案中,本发明口腔组合物(特别是当在口腔表面上时)有效地递送活性剂延长的持续时间。虽然期望口腔组合物在口腔或颊腔内可溶解,但是口腔组合物必须在口腔或颊腔中持续足够的时间以提供有用的效果。优选地,本发明口腔组合物在施用于口腔或颊腔的表面后在口腔或颊腔内溶解,并且提供期望的效果(与活性剂的作用方式一致的效果)至少15分钟、至少30分钟、或至少45分钟(例如,长至约4小时、长至约3小时、或长至约2小时)的时间。在一些实施方案中,本发明口腔组合物在口腔内溶解,并且提供与活性剂的作用方式一致的效果约15分钟至约180分钟、约15分钟至约150分钟、或约15分钟至约120分钟或约45分钟至约120分钟的时间。
从活性剂的递送提供期望效果的能力可取决于口腔组合物在口腔或颊腔内持续存在足够长的一段时间的能力,特别是基本上黏附在口腔或颊腔表面的特定区域。通常应理解,当口腔组合物以基本上固体形式黏附于口腔或颊腔表面时,预期其由于与口腔或颊腔内的唾液和/或其他黏膜分泌物接触而随着时间溶解。优选地,固体形式的口腔组合物当基本上黏附于口腔或颊腔的表面时可保持半固态或固态约5分钟或更长、约20分钟或更长、约30分钟或更长、或约45分钟或更长的时间。应理解,预期固体形式的口腔组合物在口腔或颊腔内在最大时间内基本上完全溶解,例如最大时间为约4小时、约3小时或约2小时。在某些实施方案中,口腔组合物当在口腔或颊腔中时可保持半固态或固态约15分钟至约180分钟、约15分钟至约120分钟、约20分钟至约100分钟、或约30分钟至约90分钟的时间。这样,当口腔组合物以基本上固体形式(例如膜)存在于口腔或颊腔中时,其可以被配置为在与黏膜接触约15分钟至约120分钟的时间时基本上完全溶解。
在一个或更多个实施方案中,本公开内容还提供了制备本文所述的口腔组合物的方法。优选地,该方法包括首先配制包含一种或更多种活性剂和一种或更多种聚合物溶剂的预混物。具体地,这可包括在加热的同时或在加热和混合的同时将一种或更多种活性剂溶解在一种或更多种聚合物溶剂中。例如,这可使用电炉和均质机来实现。可以将活性剂和聚合物溶剂的组合加热至例如约50℃至约120℃、约60℃至约115℃、或约70℃至约110℃的温度以形成预混物。应理解,并非所有活性剂都必需形成预混物。此外,一种或更多种活性剂可包含在预混物中,并且一种或更多种活性剂可添加至主要混合物。
在形成预混物之后(即,活性剂已经基本上完全溶解在所用的聚合物溶剂中),可以将口腔组合物的其余组分混合到预混物中以形成主要混合物。至少,制备方法可包括将至少一种或更多种成膜聚合物、一种或更多种生物黏附剂和水(或其他水性溶剂)混合到预混物中以形成液体组合物。液体组合物将是黏性液体,因此可使用例如高剪切真空混合器进行混合以实现溶液的混合和脱气以形成液体组合物。优选进行混合直至获得基本上均匀的混合物并且口腔组合物的所有组分已经被并入溶液中。
然后可以将如此形成的液体组合物加工成口腔组合物的期望的最终形式。例如,可以将组合物放入模具中以形成锭剂,或将其倒入冷却盘中以形成片,该片可以切割成期望尺寸。在某些实施方案中,为了促进膜的形成,可以将液体组合物涂覆到背衬片上以形成如本文其他地方所述的具有期望厚度的组合物的层。背衬片优选地涂覆有脱模层,例如蜡或类似的涂层,其将使得所有形成的膜易于从其上脱模。可使用刀或其他刀片将液体组合物涂覆至期望厚度。优选地,膜具有足够的黏度,使得在涂覆到背衬片上之后,液体组合物基本上不会散布并且因此将在涂覆的液体组合物的整个表面上保持厚度上的基本一致。
最后,可以将液体组合物干燥至如本文其他地方所述的期望的总水含量,以得到基本上固体形式的最终产品。干燥可包括将加热的空气施加至背衬片上的组合物的层。可以以高于环境的温度并且高至低于成膜聚合物的熔点的温度提供这种加热的空气。例如,空气的温度可以是约30℃至约60℃。如果需要,可以施加环境温度的空气或甚至冷却的空气以促进膜的干燥。可以施加干燥空气约5分钟至约150分钟、通常约20分钟至约120分钟的时间。口腔组合物可以被配置为使得干燥花费最少的时间,而与干燥空气的施加无关。因此,虽然干燥空气的施加可以加速干燥,但是膜通常花费至少15分钟、至少20分钟、至少30分钟或至少40分钟的时间来达到期望的水含量并且因此成为自支撑的固体组合物,其不再发黏并且可以进一步加工以包装产品。特别地,干燥可能需要约15分钟至约240分钟、约30分钟至约220分钟、约45分钟至约200分钟、或约60分钟至约150分钟的时间。在一些实施方案中,干燥空气可从所有侧面施加,例如从组合物的层的上方和下方二者,或仅从组合物的层的下方,或仅从组合物的层的上方(并且因此可以排除从组合物的层的下方施加空气(即,向背衬层施加空气))。作为非限制性实例,可以通过使背衬片上的组合物的层通过干燥通道来进行膜的干燥。在这样的通道中,可以沿着干燥通道的整个长度或仅在通道的一部分施加干燥空气。干燥空气可以是强制空气(例如,通过风扇或鼓风机提供)。在一些实施方案中,对流加热可用于干燥。这样,膜层上方的加热元件可产生促进膜干燥的对流。
在膜干燥之后,可将膜切割成期望尺寸。例如,这可包括将口腔组合物的膜切割成宽度为约10mm至约25mm并且长度为约10mm至约85mm的单独的条。还预期了切割成本文其他地方所述的其他尺寸。各个膜条可根据需要包装到容器中,每个包装中具有确定数量的条。
通过本文公开的制备方法可获得的口腔组合物或膜可用于将活性剂施用于口腔或颊腔的方法中。该方法至少包括以下步骤:
-将如本文所述获得的口腔组合物施用于口腔或颊腔的一部分。当活性剂是漂白剂时,该方法可以是美容方法,优选单独的美容方法。
可以首先将口腔组合物从其无菌包装中释放。随后,除去任何背衬片,例如通过从背衬片上剥离口腔组合物或膜。一旦口腔组合物不含任何其他层,就可以将其施用于口腔或颊腔的一部分。
对本文公开的口腔组合物的实施方案进行消费者可接受性测试,以评估产品的有效性和合意性。本发明口腔组合物在口腔中使用舒适。另外,口腔组合物膜提供了柔软、舒适的屏障。相对于已知的表面治疗,这产生了有利的区别。尽管已经发现已知的口腔用表面治疗由于其从施用点的脱位和/或过多滴落而在基本上整个口腔、舌和喉咙产生与其作用方式一致的效果,但是本发明口腔组合物通过一旦黏附到口腔内的局部部位就基本上保持在原位而克服了该问题。因此,仅对实际的施用区域提供表面治疗,而对口腔的其他区域的影响最小。本发明口腔组合物的固体形式(例如特别是膜)可以容易地模塑并施用在需要治疗的口腔区域上。膜容易黏附在牙齿、牙龈或其他口腔黏膜表面,从提供活性剂向期望部位的递送。为此,膜优选地被配置为在最小的时间段内可复位,以使得易于施用。例如,膜可在长至2分钟,例如约5秒至约2分钟、约10秒至约1分钟、或约15秒至约45秒的时间可复位。可复位意指膜可被移除并再施用或者可沿着口腔表面滑动,而没有膜的明显撕裂或其他降解。一旦膜已经黏附到口腔表面并且不再被认为是可复位,则膜基本上不能在不撕裂或以其他方式破坏膜的情况下移动或移除并再施用。优选地,一旦口腔组合物膜已施用并黏附至口腔表面,在产品有效期间(即直至产品完全溶解)膜保持在原位,并且膜不会因例如谈话或饮酒等活动而从其位置移开。
实施例
下表1提供了本发明的口腔组合物的实施方案中包含的成分。成分按添加顺序列出。表1还包括基于口腔组合物的总重量的每种成分的重量百分比。还包括每种成分的主要功能。
表1:口腔组合物制剂1
批次 | 成分 | 功能 | 重量百分比 |
预混物 | PEG 400 | 聚合物溶剂 | 2-15wt.% |
预混物 | PEG 4000 | 聚合物溶剂 | 2-10wt.% |
预混物 | 活性剂 | 活性剂 | 0.01-35wt.% |
主要 | 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 | 成膜聚合物 | 20-40wt.% |
主要 | 短梗霉聚糖 | 成膜聚合物 | 20-40wt.% |
主要 | 聚卡波非 | 生物黏附剂 | 0.75-9wt.% |
主要 | 甘油 | 增塑剂 | 0.75-9wt.% |
主要 | 山梨酸钾 | 防腐剂 | 0.2-2wt.% |
主要 | 二氧化钛 | 遮光剂 | 0.2-2wt.% |
主要 | 亮蓝 | 着色剂 | 0.001-0.02wt.% |
主要 | 水 | 溶剂 | 0.05-15wt.% |
实施例1至11
包含本发明口腔组合物的包含11种不同活性剂的膜由浇铸液的单一母料制备,并且作为实施例1至11给出。
根据下表2中所示的比例如下制备浇铸液的母料。将水和甘油称取到5L不锈钢锅中。将PEG 400称取到250ml不锈钢锅中。将所有其他组分称取到称量舟中。在IKA UltraTurrax T50均质机上以设置为3的速度将短梗霉聚糖经过20分钟缓慢添加至水/甘油。然后在设置为4的混合下经过20分钟添加Kollidon,然后添加山梨酸钾和二氧化钛并且在设置为4下混合5分钟。然后添加Noveon AA-1并且在设置为5下混合15分钟。最后,添加PEG400和PEG 4000并且在Ultra Turrax的设置为5下混合8分钟,以产生均匀的浇铸液。将浇铸液在真空下脱气,然后在环境温度下储存以进行进一步处理。
表2:母料浇铸液组成
然后将具有表2中所示组成的母料分成12个独立的200g部分,并按如下所述向每个部分中添加已知量的活性成分。表3详细列出了添加至制剂的多种活性成分的类型和比例。
将指定量的活性剂添加至200g的浇铸液母料,并且手动或使用IKA Ultra TurraxT50以设置为3-3.5的速度混合,然后在真空下脱气直至获得平滑、均匀的浇铸液。使用具有不锈钢刀的Sheen 1133N Film Coater从每种浇铸液在PE涂层纸上浇铸厚度为0.75mm的膜片。将每个膜在空气干燥罩下干燥25-40分钟。
所生产的每种浇铸液都被认为具有良好的品质,并且所生产的每种膜都经过了视觉评估并被认为具有高质量,即具有用于进一步处理的足够的拉伸强度的均匀干燥的单相膜。
表3:添加至母料部分的活性剂和比例
实施例12
制造包含本发明的口腔组合物并包含活性成分大麻二酚的膜,其包含下表4中详述的制剂。
表4:大麻二酚膜组成
称取所有液体材料(水、PEG 400、大麻二酚树脂、甘油、亮蓝),并添加至不锈钢容器。添加短梗霉聚糖并使用IKA Ultra Turrax T50以设置为3的速度混合3分钟。将Kollidon 90F加入锅中,并以设置为4的速度混合6分钟,然后添加Noveon AA-1并以设置为4.5的速度混合4分钟。添加二氧化钛、PEG 4000和山梨酸钾的成分,并以设置为5的速度混合5分钟。将浇铸液在环境条件下保持过夜以使混合物脱气,获得了均匀混合物并且未观察到分离。
使用具有不锈钢刀的Sheen 1133N Film Coater从每种浇铸液在PE涂层纸上浇铸厚度为0.6mm的膜片。将膜在空气干燥罩下干燥20分钟,然后切割成尺寸为22mm乘32mm且质量为120mg的矩形条,其包含理论量的约10mg的大麻二酚。
受益于前文描述中给出的教导,本公开内容所属领域的技术人员将想到本公开内容的许多修改和其他实施方案;并且对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离本公开内容的范围或精神的情况下可以做出本公开内容的变型和修改。因此,应理解,本公开内容不限于所公开的特定实施方案,并且修改和其他实施方案旨在被包含在所附权利要求的范围内。尽管本文采用了特定术语,但是其仅在一般和描述性意义上使用,而不是出于限制的目的。
Claims (21)
1.口腔组合物,其包含:
一种或更多种成膜聚合物,其总量为按重量计约40%至约80%;
一种或更多种生物黏附剂,其总量为按重量计约0.5%至约10%;
一种或更多种活性剂,其总量为按重量计约0.01%至约35%;
一种或更多种聚合物溶剂,其中溶解有所述一种或更多种活性剂,所述一种或更多种聚合物溶剂的总量为按重量计约1%至约30%;以及
水性介质,其量为按重量计约0.5%至约15%;
前述量中的每一个均基于所述口腔组合物的总重量;
其中所述口腔组合物是厚度为约50μm至约500μm的膜的形式,并且其中所述口腔组合物不包含苯佐卡因。
2.权利要求1所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种成膜聚合物包含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和多糖中的一种或更多种。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种成膜聚合物选自聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、短梗霉聚糖、果胶、淀粉、羧烷基纤维素或其盐、羟烷基纤维素或其盐、海藻酸、海藻酸的盐、果胶及其组合,其中所述羧烷基纤维素或羟烷基纤维素中烷基独立地选自C1-5烷基。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中基于所述口腔组合物的总重量,所述一种或更多种成膜聚合物包含按重量计约20%至约40%的量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和按重量计约20%至约40%的量的短梗霉聚糖。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种生物黏附剂包含聚丙烯酸及其衍生物和树胶中的一种或更多种。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中基于所述口腔组合物的总重量,所述一种或更多种生物黏附剂包含按重量计约0.25%至约5%的量的聚卡波非,并且所述组合物还包含按重量计约0.25%至约5%的量的甘油。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种活性剂是选自包含以下的组的一种或更多种:药物、漂白剂、防染色剂、牙齿再矿化剂、牙齿脱敏剂、抗龋齿剂、抗恶臭剂、草药治疗、精油、大麻素植物提取物或抗牙结石剂,前提是所述活性剂不包含苯佐卡因。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种活性剂以按重量计约2%至约15%的量存在。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种聚合物溶剂包含较低分子量的聚亚烷基二醇和较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇,其中每个聚亚烷基二醇的亚烷基独立地选自C2-C5亚烷基。
10.权利要求1至9中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述一种或更多种聚合物溶剂包含分子量为1,500克/摩尔或更小的第一聚乙二醇(PEG)和分子量为2,000克/摩尔或更大的第二聚乙二醇(PEG)。
11.权利要求10所述的口腔组合物,其中基于所述口腔组合物的总重量,所述第一PEG以按重量计约1%至约20%的量存在,并且所述第二PEG以按重量计约1%至约20%的量存在。
12.权利要求1至11中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中基于所述口腔组合物的总重量,所述水性介质以按重量计约5%至约12%的量存在。
13.权利要求1至12中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述组合物还包含一种或更多种遮光剂,其总量基于所述组合物的总重量为按重量计约0.02%至约2%。
14.权利要求13所述的口腔组合物,其中所述遮光剂包含二氧化钛。
15.权利要求1至14中任一项所述的口腔组合物,其中所述膜被配置为在与口腔或颊黏膜接触约15分钟至约120分钟的时间时基本上完全溶解。
16.制备口腔组合物的方法,其包括:
在加热至约50℃至约120℃的温度的同时将一种或更多种活性剂溶解在一种或更多种聚合物溶剂中,以形成预混物;
将以下组分中的每一种混合到所述预混物中以形成液体组合物:
一种或更多种成膜聚合物;
一种或更多种生物黏附剂;以及
水;
将所述液体组合物涂覆到背衬片上以形成厚度为约100μm至约3,000μm的所述组合物的层;
使所述层干燥以形成所述口腔组合物的膜,其总水含量基于所述膜的总重量为按重量计约5%至约15%。
17.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述口腔组合物的膜包含:
总计按重量计约0.01%至约35%的所述一种或更多种活性剂;
总计按重量计约1%至约30%的所述一种或更多种聚合物溶剂;
总计按重量计约40%至约80%的所述一种或更多种成膜聚合物;以及
总计按重量计约0.5%至约10%的所述一种或更多种生物黏附剂;
前述量中的每一个均基于所述口腔组合物的膜的总重量。
18.权利要求16或权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述干燥包括将加热的空气施加至所述背衬片上的所述组合物的层持续约20分钟至约120分钟的时间。
19.权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述加热的空气从所述组合物的层的上方和下方之一或二者施加。
20.权利要求18或权利要求19所述的方法,其中通过使所述背衬片上的所述组合物的层通过干燥通道来进行所述干燥。
21.权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法,其还包括将所述口腔组合物的膜切割成宽度为约10mm至约20mm并且长度为约10mm至约85mm的单独的条。
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GB201810244A GB2574878A (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Oral compositions and mucoadhesive thin films formed therefrom |
GB18102442 | 2018-06-22 | ||
PCT/GB2019/051766 WO2019243845A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-21 | Oral compositions and mucoadhesive thin films formed therefrom |
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EP (1) | EP3810102A1 (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU2019289211A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3104416A1 (zh) |
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US20230073516A1 (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2023-03-09 | Ctc Science Inc. | Intraoral fast-disintegrating formulation containing hemp oil extract or hemp powder extract as raw material of formulation |
GB2587621A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-07 | Biofilm Ltd | Oral films and a methods for the manufacture and delivery thereof |
GB2594928A (en) * | 2020-05-05 | 2021-11-17 | Biofilm Ltd | Dissolvable hydrogen peroxide teeth whitening strip |
CN112755006A (zh) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-05-07 | 深圳市泰力生物医药有限公司 | 大麻二酚膜制剂及其用途 |
GB2600137B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2023-08-23 | Bsolve Ltd | Dental kit comprising a dental aligner and dissolvable films |
US20220265530A1 (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2022-08-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oral care compositions comprising peroxide and polymer |
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2018
- 2018-06-22 GB GB201810244A patent/GB2574878A/en not_active Withdrawn
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2019
- 2019-06-21 CA CA3104416A patent/CA3104416A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-21 CN CN201980042026.3A patent/CN112292119A/zh active Pending
- 2019-06-21 EP EP19734487.2A patent/EP3810102A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-21 US US17/254,900 patent/US20210259952A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-06-21 KR KR1020217002277A patent/KR20210024080A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-06-21 AU AU2019289211A patent/AU2019289211A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-21 WO PCT/GB2019/051766 patent/WO2019243845A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-06-21 JP JP2020571648A patent/JP2021533086A/ja active Pending
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US20060257463A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-11-16 | University Of Mississippi | Transmucosal delivery of cannabinoids |
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CA3104416A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
GB2574878A (en) | 2019-12-25 |
AU2019289211A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
KR20210024080A (ko) | 2021-03-04 |
JP2021533086A (ja) | 2021-12-02 |
EP3810102A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
GB201810244D0 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
US20210259952A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
WO2019243845A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
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