CN112284535A - Dark background removing method for progressive on-orbit push-scan type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer - Google Patents
Dark background removing method for progressive on-orbit push-scan type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000661 Mercury cadmium telluride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- MCMSPRNYOJJPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium;mercury;tellurium Chemical compound [Cd]=[Te]=[Hg] MCMSPRNYOJJPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J2003/2866—Markers; Calibrating of scan
- G01J2003/2869—Background correcting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing dark background of a progressive on-orbit push-scanning type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting full-width dark background data of all integration time of all possible working environment temperatures of the instrument in a laboratory; (2) calculating a correction coefficient matrix according to full-width dark background data acquired in a laboratory; (3) updating a correction number matrix by combining the full-width dark background data acquired on the track; (4) on-track imaging data dark background subtraction. The method is based on the dark background generation mechanism of the scanning type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer, fully considers the completeness of data and the attenuation of the instrument during on-orbit operation, and is a sustainable and accurate method for removing the dark background of the data of the on-orbit push-scanning type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep space detection, in particular to a method for progressively removing dark backgrounds of data of an on-orbit short wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on the correlation of instrument dark pixels and infrared focal plane detection units to background thermal radiation response and the change of spectral response.
Background
The linear array push-broom type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer is one of the most popular medium-short wave infrared hyperspectral sensors at present. The infrared hyperspectral remote sensing imaging system is structurally characterized in that each line of an infrared focal plane corresponds to a wave band, each line is provided with a certain number (generally hundreds) of detection units, and thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing images are acquired in line units along with the movement of the imaging spectrometer. The detector made of materials such as mercury cadmium telluride, indium gallium arsenic and the like is a main detector of a wave infrared focal plane. Influenced by the characteristics of infrared detection, when the infrared imaging spectrometer has no light incidence, the dark current of the detector and the internal heat radiation of the optical system can also cause the infrared focal plane to still have a response value, and a dark background value is formed. Similarly, when the medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer images, the dark background value and the signal value of the imaging target are recorded and read by the infrared focal plane together. The raw imaging data of the instrument contains dark background values that are formed simultaneously during imaging and the dark background values are unknown. Therefore, to obtain the true signal value of the imaging target, the dark background must be removed in some way.
Since the dark background of each pixel is formed simultaneously when the pixels are sensitive to light, it is difficult to measure both the dark background and the pixel signal values simultaneously during the imaging process. At present, the dark background removing method is to use the dark background data of the adjacent time to replace or combine with the auxiliary data to estimate the dark background of each image element at the imaging time. A main radiation source of the medium-short wave infrared hyperspectral remote sensing is that ground objects reflect solar incident energy, and in the process of acquiring data by a foundation or space-based medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer, a light path is generally shielded in advance, and full-width dark data is recorded to be used as dark background data and used for removing a dark background in imaging data. For a satellite-borne medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer, the imaging time is long, and the internal thermal environment of the spectrometer is changed in the process, so that the dark background is changed. Therefore, dark background data previously masked from optical path measurements is likely not to fully reflect the true value of the dark background during imaging by the instrument. For satellite-borne medium-short wave imaging spectrometers, part of the infrared focal plane is generally blocked for monitoring the change of the dark background, and the data of the pixels can be used for recovering the dark background of the imaging pixels. The method is based on a dark background estimation empirical model established by correlation of different image elements to background radiation response. The completeness of the data affects the accuracy of the empirical model when using this method. Meanwhile, as the instrument ages with time, especially changes in spectral response occur, the error of some empirical models further increases.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the blank and the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dark background removing method for on-track push-broom type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer data, which is sustainable and has good accuracy and based on dark area pixels. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dark background removing method for a progressive on-orbit push-scan type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting full-width dark background data of all integration time of all possible working environment temperatures of the instrument in a laboratory;
(2) calculating a correction coefficient matrix according to full-width dark background data acquired in a laboratory;
(3) updating a correction number matrix by combining the full-width dark background data acquired on the track;
(4) on-track imaging data dark background subtraction.
Preferably, in the step (1), the dark background removing method of the push-broom type short-wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on the dark pixels is characterized in that the dark pixels specially used for collecting the dark background are arranged on the instrument in the step (1) in the spatial dimension, and each waveband has at least 3 dark pixels and more than 3 dark pixels.
Preferably, in the step (2), the method for removing the dark background of the push-broom type short-wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on the dark pixel element is characterized in that a calculation method of a certain integration time correction coefficient matrix in the step (2) is
{Ci}＝regress(Dref,k,Dimg,i,k,t)
Wherein, CiCorrecting the matrix of coefficients for a certain integration time with a size of Ns×Nb，NsThe number of pixels is the instrument space dimension; n is a radical ofbThe number of the instrument bands; i is the serial number of the instrument space dimension pixel; k is the serial number of the instrument wave band; n is a radical ofbThe number of the instrument bands; { CiIs a set of correction coefficients; regression (. cndot.) is a polynomial regression; t is the relative start-up time relative to the first start-up of the instrument; dimg,i,kThe pixel value of the dark background in the imaging area is 1 XNl；NlThe number of frames for dark background data; dref,kIs a reference value of pixels in dark region and has a size of 1 XNlAnd the dark area pixel reference value is obtained by taking the median of all dark area pixels of the wave band k.
Preferably, in the step (3), the dark background removing method for the push-broom type shortwave infrared imaging spectrometer based on the dark pixel is characterized in that in the step (3), dark background data acquired when the instrument works in a track is combined with dark background data acquired in a laboratory, a correction coefficient matrix is calculated again according to the calculation method of the initial correction coefficient matrix, and the correction coefficient matrix is updated.
Preferably, in the step (3), in the process of updating the correction number matrix, the polynomial fitting error is greater than the upper limit of the radiometric calibration error of the instrument, the dark background data sequence with a large error in the previous stage is removed, and polynomial fitting is performed again until the error is within the upper limit of the radiometric calibration error of the instrument, so that updating the correction data matrix is completed.
Preferably, in the step (4), the dark background removing method of the push-broom type shortwave infrared imaging spectrometer based on the dark pixel is characterized in that the dark background subtraction calculation method of the on-track imaging pixel data in the step (4) is
Ssub,i,j,k＝Si,j,k-Dest,i,j,k
Wherein S issub,i,j,kSubtracting the signal value of the on-track imaging pixel data from the dark background; i is the serial number of the instrument space dimension pixel; j is the frame number of the on-orbit imaging data; k is the serial number of the instrument wave band; si,j,kFor on-orbit imaging data DN values, Dest,i,j,kThe dark background value of the imaging pixel is calculated according to the on-orbit real-time dark area pixel reference value, the relative starting time and the correction coefficient matrix.
Preferably, the on-track real-time dark area pixel reference value is calculated by taking a median value of all dark area pixels of a waveband k in the on-track data, and then performing mean filtering in a time dimension.
The invention provides a reliable dark background removing method for on-orbit medium-short wave imaging spectral data by taking the correlation of response between different pixels in the same wave band of an infrared focal plane of a push-broom type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer and fully considering the operation characteristics of the instrument in an on-orbit process. The method can greatly reduce dark background estimation errors caused by aging of the instrument over time and incomplete on-track full-amplitude dark background data, and improve the accuracy of on-track dark background estimation.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for removing dark background of a progressive on-track push-scan type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A dark background removing method for a progressive on-orbit push-scan type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an instrument with special dark area pixels for collecting dark background in spatial dimension, wherein each wave band has at least 3 dark area pixels and more than 3 dark area pixels. The instrument is adjusted to a dark background working mode in the laboratory, and if the instrument does not have the dark background working mode, the lens is required to be covered by a blackboard, so that the light tightness is ensured. Collecting full-width dark background data of all integration time under all possible working environment temperatures of the instrument;
(2) and calculating a correction coefficient matrix according to the full-width dark background data acquired in the laboratory. The calculation method of a certain integral time correction coefficient matrix comprises the following steps
{Ci}＝regress(Dref,k,Dimg,i,k,t)
Wherein, CiCorrecting the matrix of coefficients for a certain integration time with a size of Ns×Nb，NsThe number of pixels is the instrument space dimension; n is a radical ofbThe number of the instrument bands; i is the serial number of the instrument space dimension pixel; k is the serial number of the instrument wave band; n is a radical ofbThe number of the instrument bands; { CiIs a set of correction coefficients; regression (. cndot.) is a polynomial regression; t is the relative start-up time relative to the first start-up of the instrument; dimg,i,kThe pixel value of the dark background in the imaging area is 1 XNl；NlThe number of frames for dark background data; dref,kIs a reference value of pixels in dark region and has a size of 1 XNlAnd the dark area pixel reference value is obtained by taking the median of all dark area pixels of the wave band k.
(3) And combining dark background data acquired when the instrument works in an on-orbit mode with dark background data acquired in a laboratory, calculating a correction coefficient matrix according to the calculation method of the initial correction coefficient matrix again, and updating the correction coefficient matrix. In the process of updating the correction data matrix, the polynomial fitting error is larger than the upper limit of the radiation calibration error of the instrument, a dark background data sequence with a larger error in the previous stage is removed, and polynomial fitting is carried out again until the error is within the radiation calibration error limit of the instrument, so that the correction data matrix is updated. Preferably, in the step (3), in the process of updating the correction number matrix, the polynomial fitting error is greater than the upper limit of the radiometric calibration error of the instrument, the dark background data sequence with a large error in the previous stage is removed, and polynomial fitting is performed again until the error is within the upper limit of the radiometric calibration error of the instrument, so that updating the correction data matrix is completed.
(4) On-track imaging data dark background subtraction. The calculation method for subtracting the dark background of the on-track imaging pixel data comprises
Ssub,i,j,k＝Si,j,k-Dest,i,j,k
Wherein S issub,i,j,kSubtracting the signal value of the on-track imaging pixel data from the dark background; i is the serial number of the instrument space dimension pixel; j is the frame number of the on-orbit imaging data; k is the serial number of the instrument wave band; si,j,kFor on-orbit imaging data DN values, Dest,i,j,kThe dark background value of the imaging pixel is calculated according to the on-orbit real-time dark area pixel reference value, the relative starting time and the correction coefficient matrix. The on-orbit real-time dark area pixel reference value is calculated by firstly taking the median value of all dark area pixels of a wave band k in on-orbit data and then carrying out mean value filtering on a time dimension.
Claims (7)
1. A dark background removing method for a progressive on-orbit push-scan type medium-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting full-width dark background data of all integration time of all possible working environment temperatures of the instrument in a laboratory;
(2) calculating a correction coefficient matrix according to full-width dark background data acquired in a laboratory;
(3) updating a correction number matrix by combining the full-width dark background data acquired on the track;
(4) on-track imaging data dark background subtraction.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dark background of step (1) is removed by arranging dark pixels specially for collecting dark background, and each band has at least 3 dark pixels.
3. The method for removing dark background of a progressive on-track push-scan type middle-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation method of a certain integration time correction coefficient matrix in the step (2) is as follows:
{Ci}＝regress(Dref,k,Dimg,i,k,t)
wherein, CiCorrecting the matrix of coefficients for a certain integration time with a size of Ns×Nb，NsThe number of pixels is the instrument space dimension; n is a radical ofbThe number of the instrument bands; i is the serial number of the instrument space dimension pixel; k is the serial number of the instrument wave band; n is a radical ofbThe number of the instrument bands; { CiIs a set of correction coefficients; regression (. cndot.) is a polynomial regression; t is the relative start-up time relative to the first start-up of the instrument; dimg,i,kThe pixel value of the dark background in the imaging area is 1 XNl；NlThe number of frames for dark background data; dref,kIs a reference value of pixels in dark region and has a size of 1 XNlAnd the dark area pixel reference value is obtained by taking the median of all dark area pixels of the wave band k.
4. The method for removing dark background of progressive in-orbit push-broom mid-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step (3), the dark background data collected during the in-orbit operation of the instrument and the dark background data collected in the laboratory are combined, the correction coefficient matrix is calculated again according to the calculation method of the initial correction coefficient matrix, and the correction coefficient matrix is updated.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3) of updating the correction data matrix, the polynomial fitting error is larger than the upper limit of the radiometric calibration error of the instrument, the dark background data sequence with larger error in the previous stage is removed, and the polynomial fitting is performed again until the error is within the upper limit of the radiometric calibration error of the instrument, so as to complete updating the correction data matrix.
6. The method for removing dark background of a progressive in-orbit push-broom mid-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation method for dark background subtraction of in-orbit imaging pixel data in the step (4) is:
Ssub,i,j,k＝Si,j,k-Dest,i,j,k
wherein S issub,i,j,kSubtracting the signal value of the on-track imaging pixel data from the dark background; i is the serial number of the instrument space dimension pixel; j is the frame number of the on-orbit imaging data; k is the serial number of the instrument wave band; si,j,kFor on-orbit imaging data DN values, Dest,i,j,kThe dark background value of the imaging pixel is calculated according to the on-orbit real-time dark area pixel reference value, the relative starting time and the correction coefficient matrix.
7. The method for progressively removing the dark background of the on-track push-broom mid-short wave infrared imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method for calculating the on-track real-time dark area pixel reference value comprises: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining median values of all dark area pixels of a wave band k in on-orbit data, and then carrying out mean value filtering on a time dimension.
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