CN112279112A - 安装船起重机 - Google Patents

安装船起重机 Download PDF

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CN112279112A
CN112279112A CN202010727859.8A CN202010727859A CN112279112A CN 112279112 A CN112279112 A CN 112279112A CN 202010727859 A CN202010727859 A CN 202010727859A CN 112279112 A CN112279112 A CN 112279112A
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crane
lifting legs
vessel
lifting
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H·费舍尔
S·克特格
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Liebherr Werk Nenzing GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/185—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use erecting wind turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/16—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs supported by columns, e.g. towers having their lower end mounted for slewing movements
    • B66C23/166—Simple cranes with jibs which may be fixed or can slew or luff
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/10—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/52—Floating cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/84—Slewing gear
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • F05B2230/6102—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding carried on a floating platform
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种起重机，其作为安装船的组件，所述安装船包括船体和在其上可竖直移动地布置的多个升降支腿，所述起重机围绕升降支腿中的一个可旋转地布置。根据本发明，所述起重机可旋转地安装在偏心平台上，所述偏心平台本身可旋转地围绕所述升降支腿布置。

Description

安装船起重机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的作为安装船的组件的起重机。
背景技术
特别地对于海上风力涡轮机的构造，已经开发了所谓的安装船(或在英文中称为Jack-Up-Vessel)，也称为架设船。与石油工业或其他海上应用领域中常见的自升式平台相反，安装船是为至少具有一台重型起重机和适合推进和动态定位的自有电动机和推进系统的海上风力涡轮机的基础和结构而建造的特种作业船。
除了用于容纳组件的非常大的甲板区域，以及用于容纳船员的普通船体和其他上层构造外，这些安装船通常还具有功能强大的穿上起重机，其从2500吨到10,000吨的负载能力，通常用于架设风力涡轮机。安装船本身是一种单独的船舶类型，不能再被称为自升式平台，而是重型运输船。
安装船以本身的发动机以高达15节的典型航速航行到其使用地。在使用地，安装船借助于4到6个液压或电动升降支脚在海上的固定位置进行架设。航行前往使用地时，抬高升降支脚。仅当到达预定位置时，升降支脚在海底上竖直下降，从而在撞到海底后通常将船的高度升高10至20米，以便通过其自身的重量牢固地锚定到海底。由此产生稳定的工作平台，在该工作平台上使用至少一个起重机。
起重机通常是大型重型起重机，其承担架设海上风电场的风力涡轮机时进行的起重任务。当然，安装船也可以用于海上的其他起重任务。
众所周知，将相应的重型起重机可旋转地布置在其本身的基柱上，这些基柱建在安装船的大的甲板区域上。当然，这种设计的缺点在于，除了必须设置在甲板区域上的升降支腿之外，还有用于重型起重机的附加的上层结构，其占据了甲板区域上的储藏区域。
为了更好地利用此处的可用空间，例如从美国专利第5,580,189号或美国专利第4,417,664号中得知，不将起重机放置在为此专门设置的基柱上，而是围绕升降支腿可旋转地布置。从US 4,417,664A已知，在安装船上提供不仅一台起重机，而是提供多台起重机。
安装船上使用的起重机通常具有很长的悬臂，以便能够建造高的风力涡轮机。由于它们布置在升降支腿之一的区域内，特别是由于存在支撑脚，因此起重机吊钩无法接近甲板上的所有位置，特别是不能接近起重机附近。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是改善起重机的应用可能性。
根据本发明，该目的是在根据权利要求1的前序部分的通用起重机的基础上通过结合权利要求1的特征来实现的。
因此，起重机构造成安装船的组件，其中安装船由船体和在其上可竖直移动的多个升降支腿组成，所述起重机围绕所述升降支腿中的一个可旋转地布置。根据本发明，起重机可旋转地安装在偏心平台上，所述偏心平台本身可旋转地围绕所述升降支腿布置。
通过设置所述偏心平台，可以基本上安装并旋转除了围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转以外还相对于第二旋转轴线旋转的任何起重机，所述第二旋转轴线与起重机所旋转围绕布置的升降支腿的轴线重合。通过设置偏心平台，由于其自身的延伸范围，可以有利地设置较小的起重机尺寸。
由于两个旋转中心的运动学特性，可以用吊钩接近甲板上的几乎所有位置，包括起重机附近。
使用智能旋转角度组合可以无碰撞地绕过障碍物，例如升降支腿。起重机操作员可以轻松地将起重机本身旋转到灵活(fix)的工作位置。由于起重机的偏心布置，起重机也可以旋转，以实现在危险区域或装载区域与外部起重机无碰撞地装载和卸载。
此外，可以通过两个合适的偏心旋转角度来考虑相对较小的船上的短而长的悬臂构型。
本发明特别有利的实施例由独立权利要求之后的从属权利要求获得。
偏心平台可以在一侧上具有凹口，升降支腿被引导穿过该凹口。然后，在偏心平台的相对侧上可以可旋转地支撑起重机。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，所述偏心平台通过安装在船上(schiffsseitlig)的旋转机构可围绕所述升降支腿旋转，其中所述旋转机构还具有优选的中央凹口，所述升降支腿被引导穿过所述中央凹口。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，起重机可以通过旋转机构可旋转地容纳在偏心平台的自由伸出端部处。
升降支腿可以有利地通过布置在船体上的驱动单元伸出和缩回，以便将安装船锚固在海底并相应地升高高度。
用于容纳偏心平台的旋转机构有利地布置在驱动单元之一上，如有必要，经由适配器布置。
起重机本身可以具有连接到旋转机构的转台，在转台上直接或间接地铰接悬臂和至少一个拉杆支架(Abspannbock)。
特别有利地，将升降支腿和/或起重机悬臂设计为桁架桅杆。
最后，在船上设置储藏架，用于容纳所储藏的、在运输位置中的悬臂的自由端。
有利地，可以考虑调节双起重机旋转角度控制以用于有效装载船舶。
有利地，通过将偏心旋转轴与船的升降支腿的纵向轴线重合，可以节省甲板上附加基柱的结构，包括相关的船上结构空间，从而可以在船体的船甲板上提供更多的储藏空间。
即使通常在每个安装船上配备重型起重机的情况下，在本发明的范围内，也可以在一个安装船上安装多个起重机。如果需要，可以围绕每个升降支腿可旋转地布置相应的起重机。
附图说明
将参考附图中所示的实施例说明本发明的其他特征、细节和优点。在附图中：
图1：示出了根据本发明的实施例的具有根据本发明的起重机的安装船的示意性透视图，
图2：示出了根据图1的安装船的另一透视图，其中示出了起重机的旋转半径，
图3、图4和图5：进一步示出了具有不同位置的起重机的根据图1的安装船，以及
图6：示出了根据图1的安装船，其中起重机被放置在运输位置中。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性地示出安装船10。这种安装船也称为架设船，其英文名称为Jack-Up-Vessel。以通常的方式，安装船具有在船体12的前后区域中每一侧布置的升降支腿14。这些升降支腿14在图1的图示中示出。这意味着这些可竖直移动的升降支腿14布置在船甲板16上方的向上突出的位置。在此位置中，安装船10通常经由船驱动系统(此处未示出)以高达15节或更高的船速运动。
当到达要在海上竖立建筑物(例如风力发电机)的期望位置时，安装船被锚固在海底上，这是因为升降支腿14通过驱动器18(此处未示出)在船体下方竖直向下移动直至撞到海底。在撞击海底之后，将升降支腿14用作支撑件，以使整个主体12升高到海面上方约10米至20米。然后通常在该工作位置中使用设置的升降起重机20。如特别地从图2中可以看出的，升降起重机20是常规的海上重型起重机，其可以承载大约3000t。起重机具有长悬臂22，该长悬臂22可枢转地铰接在转台24上。转台24又被支撑在旋转机构26上。在此处所示的示例性实施例中，悬臂22具有拉杆支架28、30。在本实施例中，单个悬臂22显示成桁架。但是，此处也可以使用多部件桁架，例如在美国专利第5,580,189号中所示。
如图2所示，整个起重机20被支撑在偏心平台32上。该偏心平台在一侧上具有大的凹口34，升降支腿被引导穿过该凹口。偏心台32在相对的自由伸出侧上承载用于起重机20的旋转机构26。偏心台32通过旋转机构36可旋转地被支撑，该旋转机构36同样具有中央凹口，所述升降支脚被引导穿过该中央凹口。旋转机构36通过适配器38构造在升降支腿14的驱动单元18上。
通过上述构造，起重机20首先可以借助旋转机构26绕其本身的旋转轴线旋转。另外，起重机20可以围绕平行于其本身旋转轴线的第二旋转轴线旋转，第二旋转轴线即偏心台32的旋转轴线，该第二旋转轴线与升降支腿14的对称轴线重合。因此，如图2所示，半径r起重机是起重机本身的旋转半径。然后，总旋转半径r总由起重机的旋转半径r起重机与偏心台的旋转半径r偏心台叠加获得。
在图1至图6中示出了起重机的不同位置，这些位置是通过叠加旋转半径r偏心台和r起重机而产生的。如从这些示例性定位可以看出，即使升降支腿14伸出，起重机吊钩也可以达到船体附近的几乎所有区域，如图所示。
根据图1的起重机的位置是特别有利的，在该位置中起重机20已经通过偏心平台32移动到靠近船体的外部位置。此处，安装船可以用外部起重机无碰撞地进行装载和卸载。
在图6中，所示的起重机处于典型的运输位置，在该位置中悬臂22平放在储藏架40上。在本示例性实施例中，储藏架40构造在船上层结构42上，船上层结构42例如显示为安装船10的船桥。

Claims (10)

1.一种起重机，其作为安装船的组件，所述安装船由船体和在其上能够竖直移动的多个升降支腿组成，所述起重机布置成能够围绕升降支腿中的一个旋转，
其特征在于，
所述起重机可旋转地安装在偏心平台上，所述偏心平台本身布置成能够围绕所述升降支腿旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的起重机，其特征在于，所述偏心平台在其一侧上具有凹口，所述升降支腿被引导通过所述凹口，并且所述偏心平台在相对侧可旋转地容纳所述起重机。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的起重机，其特征在于，所述偏心平台通过安装在船上的旋转机构能够围绕所述升降支腿旋转，其中所述旋转机构还具有优选的中央凹口，所述升降支腿穿过所述中央凹口。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的起重机，其特征在于，所述起重机经由旋转机构能够旋转地被容纳在所述偏心平台的自由伸出的端部处。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的起重机，其特征在于，所述升降支腿能够通过布置在所述船体上的驱动单元伸出和缩回。
6.根据权利要求5所述的起重机，其特征在于，用于容纳所述偏心平台的旋转机构任选地通过适配器被布置在所述驱动单元中的一个上。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的起重机，其特征在于，所述起重机具有连接至所述旋转机构的转台，其中在所述转台上直接或间接地铰接悬臂和至少一个拉杆支架。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的起重机，其特征在于，所述升降支腿和/或所述起重机悬臂设计成桁架桅杆。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的起重机，其特征在于，在船上设置有储藏架，所述储藏架用于容纳所储藏的、在运输位置中的悬臂的自由端。
10.一种安装船，其具有根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述起重机。
CN202010727859.8A 2019-07-23 2020-07-23 安装船起重机 Pending CN112279112A (zh)

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