CN112274282B - 一种可载药正畸支抗钉 - Google Patents

一种可载药正畸支抗钉 Download PDF

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CN112274282B
CN112274282B CN202011418297.5A CN202011418297A CN112274282B CN 112274282 B CN112274282 B CN 112274282B CN 202011418297 A CN202011418297 A CN 202011418297A CN 112274282 B CN112274282 B CN 112274282B
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张凯
徐宝华
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China Japan Friendship Hospital
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可载药正畸支抗钉，通过在盖帽和支抗钉连接部位设置定期可降解结构，既实现了钉体头部和盖帽之间的紧密接触，又实现了在濒临支抗钉使用期限时钉体和盖帽的轻松分离。此外，抗菌、消炎涂层可抑制支抗钉种植区域发炎现象。

Description

一种可载药正畸支抗钉
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，更具体地说，涉及一种牙科用正畸支抗钉。
背景技术
支抗钉是一种结构简单、体积小，以及植入和去除方便的一种医疗器械，在正畸治疗中，正确设计并获得良好的支抗是正畸治疗成功的关键之一。近年来，种植钉支抗技术随着研究与发展的成熟，已越来越多的应用于正畸治疗中。其特点在于植入部位广泛，术式简单，创伤小，对患者依从性要求不高。
在临床上，医生将支抗钉植入牙齿后，支抗钉的头部会与口腔黏膜接触、摩擦，导致患者不适，甚至会由于不断的磨损刺激口腔粘膜而出现疼痛的现象。因此，需要给支抗钉配置外表面光滑、柔软的盖帽，从而覆盖住支抗钉头部。为避免盖帽脱落，盖帽和支抗钉之间的结合需要具有一定的牢固度，然而，在正畸过程中，医生还需要定期对支抗钉进行调整，调整时必然需要取下盖帽，牢固连接的盖帽增加了医生的操作难度，也容易在操作过程中给患者带来痛苦。
此外，支抗钉植入后，大部分患者在支抗钉植入后因为软组织创伤疼痛，会尽量避免清洁支抗钉植入区域，从而引发支抗钉周围发炎、软组织感染肿胀，最后甚至导致支抗钉脱落。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明涉及一种可载药正畸支抗钉，通过在盖帽和支抗钉连接部位设置定期可降解结构，既实现了钉体头部和盖帽之间的紧密接触，又实现了在濒临支抗钉使用期限时钉体和盖帽的轻松分离。此外，抗菌、消炎涂层可抑制支抗钉种植区域发炎现象。
一种可载药正畸支抗钉，包括钉体和盖帽，钉体包括钉头1，支抗钉颈部2和螺旋钉身3；盖帽包括盖头4，盖身5，空腔6和通孔7；其中，钉头1，支抗钉颈部2和螺旋钉身3依次连接构成钉体，盖帽的盖头4和盖身5连接，盖头4和盖身5中空形成与钉头1和支抗钉颈部2形状相配的空腔6，盖头4顶部中心开设通孔7；钉头1表面从内到外具有由可降解层和缓释层构成的复合涂层结构。
其中，支抗钉颈部2为六棱柱结构。
其中，螺旋钉身3表面涂覆有载药层，所述载药层为含银离子的涂层。
其中，可降解层为淀粉和聚乙烯醇的共混层。
其中，缓释层为羟乙基纤维素和海藻酸钠复合薄膜，羟乙基纤维素和海藻酸钠的质量比为3-5:1。
其中，盖帽为外表面光滑、柔软的硅胶材质。
其中，通孔7的直径为0.1-1mm，数量为1-20个。
其中，盖身5开设有牵引橡皮筋出口8。
有益效果
本发明的支抗钉在植入牙齿后，通过光滑、柔软的硅胶盖帽覆盖住支抗钉钉头，避免支抗钉的头部会与口腔黏膜接触、摩擦。盖帽的空腔结构与钉体结构相配，能够实现钉体和盖帽的牢固结构。
在使用过程中，唾液可通过盖头顶部中心开设的通孔与钉头接触，唾液通过缓释层缓慢与可降解层接触，控制可降解层与唾液的接触速度和接触量，从而控制降解速度，一段时间后，由于可降解层的持续降解，导致盖帽与钉体结合紧密程度下降，此时可轻松取下盖帽对支抗钉进行调整。通过设置不同的通过大小、通孔数量以及缓释层厚度等可实现对于降解速度的控制，医生可根据支抗钉的预期使用时间，选择植入不同的降解速度的支抗钉。
螺旋钉身3表面涂覆有具有消炎、杀菌功能的含银离子的涂层，从而能够抑制支抗钉周围的发炎、软组织感染肿胀，避免支抗钉脱落。
附图说明
图1为钉体结构示意图；
图2为盖帽结构示意图；
图3为钉体与盖帽安装示意图。
具体实施方式
一种可载药正畸支抗钉，包括钉体和盖帽，钉体包括钉头1，六棱柱结构的支抗钉颈部2和螺旋钉身3；盖帽包括盖头4，盖身5，空腔6和通孔7；其中，钉头1，支抗钉颈部2和螺旋钉身3依次连接构成钉体，盖帽的盖头4和盖身5连接，盖头4和盖身5中空形成与钉头1和支抗钉颈部2形状相配的空腔6，盖头4顶部中心开设通孔7；钉头1表面从内到外具有由可降解层和缓释层构成的复合涂层结构。螺旋钉身3表面涂覆有含银离子的涂层。可降解层为淀粉和聚乙烯醇的共混层。缓释层为羟乙基纤维素和海藻酸钠复合薄膜，羟乙基纤维素和海藻酸钠的质量比为3-5:1。盖帽为外表面光滑、柔软的硅胶材质。通孔7的直径为0.1-1mm，数量为1-20个。盖身5开设有牵引橡皮筋出口8。
在使用可载药正畸支抗钉时，先将钉体植入牙齿内，将盖帽于钉体上方向下按压，使钉头1和支抗钉颈部2进入盖帽与之形状相配的空腔6内，使得钉体与盖帽稳定连接，盖帽不易脱落，利用柔软、光滑的硅胶盖帽保护黏膜不受磨损牵引橡皮筋可以从盖身5开设的牵引橡皮筋出口8穿出。唾液可通过盖头顶部中心开设的通孔与钉头接触，唾液通过缓释层缓慢与可降解层接触，通过缓释层控制可降解层与唾液的接触速度和接触量，从而控制降解速度，一段时间后，由于可降解层的持续降解，导致盖帽与钉体结合紧密程度下降，此时可轻松取下盖帽对支抗钉进行调整。
通过设置不同的通过大小、通孔数量以及缓释层厚度等可实现对于降解速度的控制，进而设置支抗钉钉体和盖帽的分离时间，从而得到具有不同脱帽时间的支抗钉。医生可根据支抗钉的预期使用时间，选择植入不同时间规格的支抗钉。

Claims (4)

1.一种可载药正畸支抗钉，其特征在于：包括钉体和盖帽，钉体包括钉头（1），支抗钉颈部（2）和螺旋钉身（3）；盖帽包括盖头（4），盖身（5），空腔（6）和通孔（7）；其中，钉头（1），支抗钉颈部（2）和螺旋钉身（3）依次连接构成钉体，盖帽的盖头（4）和盖身（5）连接，盖头（4）和盖身（5）中空形成与钉头（1）和支抗钉颈部（2）形状相配的空腔（6），盖头（4）顶部中心开设通孔（7）；钉头（1）表面从内到外具有由可降解层和缓释层构成的复合涂层结构；
所述通孔（7）的直径为0.1-1mm，数量为1-20个；
所述螺旋钉身（3）表面涂覆有载药层，所述载药层为含银离子的涂层；
可降解层为淀粉和聚乙烯醇的共混层；
缓释层为羟乙基纤维素和海藻酸钠复合薄膜，羟乙基纤维素和海藻酸钠的质量比为3-5:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可载药正畸支抗钉，其特征在于：所述支抗钉颈部（2）为六棱柱结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可载药正畸支抗钉，其特征在于：盖帽为外表面光滑、柔软的硅胶材质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可载药正畸支抗钉，其特征在于：盖身（5）开设有牵引橡皮筋出口（8）。
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