CN112271756A - New energy station grid connection stability evaluation method - Google Patents
New energy station grid connection stability evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
A new energy station grid-connected stability assessment method solves the problem that the power angle stability of a traditional synchronous unit cannot be accurately assessed after an existing large-scale centralized new energy station is connected into a power system, and belongs to the technical field of power system analysis and calculation. According to the difference of the dynamic behaviors of all units in the centralized new energy station, the active power P of the new energy station is represented by the dynamic behavior of the new energy station during the whole fault ride-through processNEAnd reactive power QNE: according to PNEAnd QNEObtaining the resistance r of the ground impedanceNEAnd reactance xNE(ii) a Acquiring a power characteristic equation of a single-ended power transmission system transmitted by the centralized new energy station and the traditional thermal power station in parallel; according to rNEAnd xNEDetermining parameters in a power characteristic equation, comprising: the self impedance, the transfer impedance and the complementary angle of the impedance angle of the synchronous unit; and obtaining a time-varying curve of the power angle delta of the sending-end equivalent synchronous machine in the power characteristic equation for determining the parameters, and evaluating the grid-connected stability of the centralized new energy station according to the curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method based on fault ride-through overall process behavior analysis, and belongs to the technical field of electric power system analysis and calculation.
Background
The method mainly comprises the following two methods of analyzing the influence of large-scale centralized new energy station grid connection on the power angle stability of the traditional synchronizer of the system: the time domain simulation method and the direct calculation method. The time domain simulation method needs to establish a simulation model of a system, only a new energy station usually comprises hundreds of units, a plurality of lines, transformers, traditional synchronous machine units and the like are calculated, the complexity and time of simulation calculation are greatly increased, and the method is difficult to apply to engineering practice. The direct calculation method mainly adopts an equal area method or a numerical calculation method. The method comprises the steps of performing equivalent operation on a new energy station by using an equivalent machine working in an average state, performing equivalent operation on the electrical characteristics of the equivalent machine by using an equivalent area method and a numerical calculation method, and estimating the power angle stability of a traditional system synchronizer after the new energy station is connected to the grid by deducing a transmission power characteristic equation of the equivalent system synchronizer. The equal area method is to judge the power angle stability of the system after the fault through drawing the curves of the transmission power and the power angle before and after the fault of the system and through the relative size of the enclosed acceleration and deceleration area. The numerical calculation method is to obtain a change curve of the power angle along with time by an Euler method and judge the power angle stability after the fault. Both methods are suitable for the situation that the power of the new energy source unit is directly recovered to a steady-state value after the fault is cleared. When the dynamic characteristics of the new energy station are represented, the difference of the dynamic behaviors of all units in the station is not taken into account, namely the complex power characteristics of the new energy station in the whole fault process are not accurately represented, so that the calculation result is always conservative or optimistic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a new energy field station grid-connected stability evaluation method based on fault ride-through whole-process behavior analysis, aiming at the problem that the power angle stability of a traditional synchronous unit cannot be accurately evaluated after an existing large-scale centralized new energy field station is connected into a power system.
The invention discloses a new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, according to the difference of the dynamic behaviors of each unit in the centralized new energy station, expressing the dynamic behaviors in the whole fault ride-through process as follows:
wherein P, Q, U and I represent active power, reactive power, voltage and current, respectively; subscript NE represents a new energy site; t is the current time; subscript i represents the number of the new energy bank; n is a new energy machine in the new energy stationThe number of groups; subscript normal _ i represents a new energy source unit numbered i in a normal working state; i isPf_iFor the active current component of the ith new energy bank during a fault, IQf_iThe reactive current component of the ith new energy source unit during the fault period; t is t0Is the moment when the three-phase symmetrical voltage drop of the grid connection point starts; t is tcIs the time of fault clearance; k is the recovery speed of the active power after the wind turbine generator fault is cleared; t is t1、tm、tm+1And tnRespectively recovering the 1 st station, the mth station, the m +1 th station and the nth station to the stable state after the fault is cleared;
s2, the external characteristics of the new energy station are equivalent to ground impedance rNE+jxNEAccording to the active power P of the new energy stationNEAnd reactive power QNEObtaining the resistance r of the ground impedanceNEAnd reactance xNEJ represents an imaginary unit;
s3, acquiring a power characteristic equation of a single-ended power transmission system sent by the centralized new energy station and the traditional thermal power station in parallel;
s4, r obtained according to S2NEAnd xNEDetermining parameters in the power characteristic equation in S3, the parameters including: the self impedance, the transfer impedance and the complementary angle of the impedance angle of the synchronous unit;
and S5, obtaining a time-dependent change curve of the power angle delta of the sending-end equivalent synchronous machine in the power characteristic equation for determining the parameters, and evaluating the grid-connected stability of the centralized new energy station according to the curve.
Preferably, in formula (1):
in the formula Imax_iIs the maximum current, IQ_iThe reactive current component of the ith new energy source unit.
Preferably, in S2, the resistance r of the ground impedance is obtained by the formula (3)NEAnd reactance xNE：
In the formula of UBus4And (t) is grid-connected voltage of the new energy station.
Preferably, in S3, the power characteristic equation of the single-ended power transmission system is as follows:
in the formula, Pg(t) transmission power of the equivalent synchronous machine at the transmitting end, EqFor synchronizing the q-axis potential of the unit, A is the voltage amplitude of infinite bus at receiving end, delta is the power angle of equivalent synchronous machine at sending end, and Z11(t) and Z12(t) the self-impedance and the transfer impedance of the synchronous unit are respectively; i Z11(t) | and | Z12(t) | is Z11(t) and Z12Modulus of (t), α11(t) and alpha12(t) are each Z11(t) and Z12(t) the complement of the impedance angle;
wherein j is an imaginary unit, xd、xTAnd xLRespectively equivalent synchronous machine internal impedance, equivalent synchronous machine grid-connected transformer impedance and new energy station and equivalent synchronous machine grid-connected line impedance xfIs three-phase short circuit grounding impedance (r)NE+jxNE)//jxf//jxLRepresents rNE+jxNE、jxfAnd jxLThree impedances are connected in parallel, (r)NE+jxNE)//jxLRepresents rNE+jxNEAnd jxLTwo impedances in parallel (r)NE+jxNE)//jxfRepresents rNE+jxNEAnd jxfThe two impedances are connected in parallel,
and
are each Z11(t) and Z12(t) impedance angle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of a numerical calculation method, the dynamic behavior formula of the new energy field station in the traditional power angle stability evaluation formula is improved, the difference of the dynamic characteristics of the unit in the field station in the whole process including the fault period and the fault clearing period is considered, the new energy field station grid-connected stability evaluation method based on fault crossing whole-process behavior analysis is provided, the complex grid-connected stability simulation of a detailed model of the new energy field station is avoided, the accuracy of a direct calculation and analysis method is improved, and the power angle stability of the large-scale centralized new energy field station accessed to the power system can be evaluated quickly and accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simple grid-connected photovoltaic power generation cluster system consisting of two machines;
FIG. 3 is a simple photovoltaic power generation cluster grid-connected system equivalent circuit composed of two machines;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing power angle of a synchronous unit in a near area of a new energy power station with time;
fig. 5 is a comparison diagram of a curve per unit envelope curve of a synchronous unit in a near area of a new energy power station, wherein the power angle of the synchronous unit changes with time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1, a new energy station grid-connection stability evaluation method according to this embodiment includes:
according to the difference of the dynamic behaviors of all the units in the large-scale centralized new energy station, the dynamic behavior of the units in the whole fault ride-through process is given and expressed as a formula (1); the external characteristic of the new energy station is equivalent to the grounding impedance rNE+jxNEThen according to the active power P of the new energy station in the formula (1)NEAnd reactive power QNEObtaining the resistance r of the ground impedanceNEAnd reactance xNEJ represents an imaginary unit; deducing a power characteristic equation of a single-end power transmission system in the centralized new energy station grid-connected system; and then according to the obtained rNEAnd xNEDetermining parameters in a power characteristic equation, the parameters comprising: the self impedance, the transfer impedance and the complementary angle of the impedance angle of the synchronous unit; and finally, obtaining a time-varying curve of the power angle delta of the sending-end equivalent synchronous machine in the power characteristic equation for determining the parameters, and evaluating the grid-connected stability of the centralized new energy station according to the curve.
The third step to the fifth step of the embodiment are the existing numerical calculation method, the embodiment improves the formula of the dynamic behavior of the new energy station in the traditional power angle stability assessment formula on the basis of the existing numerical calculation method, takes account of the difference of the dynamic characteristics of the unit in the station in the whole process including the fault period and the fault clearing period, avoids the complex grid-connected stability simulation of the detailed model of the new energy station, improves the accuracy of the direct calculation analysis method, and can rapidly and accurately assess the power angle stability of the large-scale centralized new energy station accessing the power system.
In a preferred embodiment, I in formula (1)Pf_i(t) and IQf_i(t) solving through a formula (2);
in the preferred embodiment, the resistance r of the ground impedance is determined by equation (3)NEAnd reactance xNE；
In the preferred embodiment, the derived power characteristic equation of the single-ended power transmission system is shown in formula (4);
in this embodiment, the self-impedance Z of the synchronous unit in the power characteristic equation11(t) transfer impedance Z12(t) and complementary angle α of its impedance angle11(t) and alpha12(t) is obtained by the formula (5).
The specific embodiment is as follows: the new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method based on fault ride-through overall process behavior analysis comprises the following steps:
step one, taking a simple photovoltaic power generation cluster grid-connected system composed of two machines as shown in fig. 2 as an example, suppose t0(1s) three-phase short circuit fault occurs at bus 4, and the grounding impedance is 0.015p.u. (reference capacity 100MW), tc(1.1s) fault clearance. The rated capacity of the photovoltaic units 1 and 2 is 200MW, and the output is 20MW (P)normal_1) And the output of the photovoltaic unit 2 is 180MW (P)normal_2) The simple photovoltaic power generation cluster is represented as a dynamic behavior during the entire fault ride-through process as:
the number of new energy units in the new energy station is 2; u shapeBus4K is equal to 60MW/s in the embodiment, and is the grid-connected voltage of the new energy station; t is t1，t2Respectively recovering the 1 st and 2 nd units to the stable state after the fault is cleared;
in the formula, I in the present examplemax_iEqual to 1.1 p.u.;
step two, converting the external characteristics of the new energy power station calculated by the formula (6) and the formula (7) into the grounding impedance rNE(t)+jxNE(t), resistance r of ground impedanceNEAnd reactance xNETwo equations in simultaneous equation (8) account for:
it can be seen that equation (8) can calculate the equivalent resistance to ground and the equivalent reactance of the photovoltaic power generation cluster at each moment.
Step three, deriving a power characteristic equation of the single-ended power transmission system shown in fig. 2, as shown in formula (9):
in the formula:
the parameters in the formula are shown in FIG. 3, and the numerical values are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 main parameters of simple new energy power station grid-connected system
| Component | Parameters and values |
| |
20MW output, 200MW rated, power recovery speed after fault clearance of 60MW/s |
| |
180MW output, 200MW rated, power recovery speed after fault clearance is 60MW/s |
| Synchronous machine set | Output 300MW, rated 600MW, xd＝xq＝2.0808p.u. |
| Transformer device | xT0.022p.u. (reference capacity 100MW, reference voltage 20kV) |
| Line | xL0.104p.u. (reference capacity 100MW, reference voltage 220kV) |
| Infinite bus | U1.0 p.u. (reference voltage 220kV) |
And step four, calculating a delta time change curve according to the formulas (6) to (10), and accurately evaluating the grid-connected stability of the large-scale centralized new energy station.
The test process comprises the following steps:
firstly, a new energy field station grid-connected detailed simulation model shown in fig. 2 is operated, and a curve of the change of the power angle of the synchronous unit in the near area of the new energy station along with time is named as an "actual value" and is recorded as shown in fig. 4. Then, a curve of delta change with time is calculated according to the formulas (6) to (10), named as "calculation method", and is also shown in fig. 4, if the two curves are close to each other, the grid-connection stability of the large-scale centralized new energy station can be evaluated by using the method provided by the invention. To better illustrate the effectiveness of the method of the present invention, a conventional method may also be used, in which the active power and reactive power of the new energy station are:
the curves of δ over time, which are calculated by equations (8) to (11), are named "conventional calculation method", and are also shown in fig. 4. The per-unit envelope curves of the three curves in fig. 4 are shown in fig. 5, and by combining fig. 4 and fig. 5, it can be seen that the trend of δ over time calculated by the method provided by the present invention is closer to the simulation operation result of the detailed model than the trend of δ over time calculated by the conventional method. Namely, the grid-connected stability of the large-scale centralized new energy station can be more accurately evaluated by adopting the method provided by the invention.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (4)
1. A new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, according to the difference of the dynamic behaviors of each unit in the centralized new energy station, expressing the dynamic behaviors in the whole fault ride-through process as follows:
wherein P, Q, U and I represent active power, reactive power, voltage and current, respectively; subscript NE represents a new energy site; t is the current time; subscript i represents the number of the new energy bank; n is the number of new energy units in the new energy station; subscript normal _ i represents a new energy source unit numbered i in a normal working state; i isPf_iFor the active current component of the ith new energy bank during a fault, IQf_iThe reactive current component of the ith new energy source unit during the fault period; t is t0Is the moment when the three-phase symmetrical voltage drop of the grid connection point starts; t is tcIs the time of fault clearance; k is a wind motorThe recovery speed of the active power after the group fault is cleared; t is t1、tm、tm+1And tnRespectively recovering the 1 st station, the mth station, the m +1 th station and the nth station to the stable state after the fault is cleared;
s2, the external characteristics of the new energy station are equivalent to ground impedance rNE+jxNEAccording to the active power P of the new energy stationNEAnd reactive power QNEObtaining the resistance r of the ground impedanceNEAnd reactance xNEJ represents an imaginary unit;
s3, acquiring a power characteristic equation of a single-ended power transmission system sent by the centralized new energy station and the traditional thermal power station in parallel;
s4, r obtained according to S2NEAnd xNEDetermining parameters in the power characteristic equation in S3, the parameters including: the self impedance, the transfer impedance and the complementary angle of the impedance angle of the synchronous unit;
and S5, obtaining a time-dependent change curve of the power angle delta of the sending-end equivalent synchronous machine in the power characteristic equation for determining the parameters, and evaluating the grid-connected stability of the centralized new energy station according to the curve.
2. The new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in formula one:
in the formula Imax_iIs the maximum current, IQ_iThe reactive current component of the ith new energy source unit.
3. The new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein in S2, the resistance r of the ground impedance is obtained by using a formula threeNEAnd reactance xNE：
In the formula of UBus4And (t) is grid-connected voltage of the new energy station.
4. The new energy station grid-connected stability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the power characteristic equation of the single-ended power transmission system is:
in the formula, Pg(t) transmission power of the equivalent synchronous machine at the transmitting end, EqFor synchronizing the q-axis potential of the unit, A is the voltage amplitude of infinite bus at receiving end, delta is the power angle of equivalent synchronous machine at sending end, and Z11(t) and Z12(t) the self-impedance and the transfer impedance of the synchronous unit are respectively; i Z11(t) | and | Z12(t) | is Z11(t) and Z12Modulus of (t), α11(t) and alpha12(t) are each Z11(t) and Z12(t) the complement of the impedance angle;
wherein j is an imaginary unit, xd、xTAnd xLRespectively equivalent synchronous machine internal impedance, equivalent synchronous machine grid-connected transformer impedance and new energy station and equivalent synchronous machine grid-connected line impedance xfIs three-phase short circuit grounding impedance (r)NE+jxNE)//jxf//jxLRepresents rNE+jxNE、jxfAnd jxLThree impedances are connected in parallel, (r)NE+jxNE)//jxLRepresents rNE+jxNEAnd jxLTwo impedances in parallel (r)NE+jxNE)//jxfRepresents rNE+jxNEAnd jxfThe two impedances are connected in parallel,
and
are each Z11(t) and Z12(t) impedance angle.
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| CN113346477A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-03 | 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 | Power grid parameter estimation method and system |
| CN113346477B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-09-19 | 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 | Power grid parameter estimation method and system |
| CN113241792A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-10 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and device for planning grid-connected machine type of power electronic power supply |
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