CN111367254A - Photovoltaic power station analytic single machine equivalence method, system and equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
A photovoltaic power station single analysis equivalence method, a system and equipment relate to a photovoltaic power station single analysis equivalence method and a system. The method aims to solve the problem that the calculation amount and the precision of the traditional single-machine equivalence method of the photovoltaic power station cannot be considered at the same time. The method of the invention provides an analytical expression of the active dynamic behavior of the photovoltaic power station in the whole fault ride-through process, the active current component is calculated according to the dynamic current analytical expressions of the photovoltaic power station during the fault and after the fault is cleared, and the active power control channel of the single-machine equivalent system is replaced during the fault, namely t0～tcTime period and after fault clearance, tcA new single-machine equivalence method is formed according to the active current reference value at the corresponding moment after the moment, the dynamic behavior of the detailed photovoltaic power station in the whole fault ride-through process can be accurately simulated, and equivalence errors are effectively eliminated. The method is mainly used for the photovoltaic power station single-machine analysis equivalence process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic power station single analysis machine equivalence method and system, and belongs to the technical field of power system simulation modeling.
Background
With the increasing grid-connected scale of photovoltaic power generation, it is increasingly important to correctly evaluate the influence of the photovoltaic power generation on a power system. However, a large photovoltaic power plant often contains hundreds of units, and if each unit is modeled separately, the complexity of the power system simulation model and the simulation calculation time are greatly increased. Therefore, establishing an effective photovoltaic power station equivalent model is increasingly important and urgent.
The existing equivalent methods of the photovoltaic power station can be divided into a single machine equivalent method and a multi-machine equivalent method. The multi-machine equivalence is based on the traditional generator 'homodyne' idea, and generally takes characteristic quantities capable of representing the operation state of a photovoltaic generator set as grouping indexes to aggregate the sets with similar or same operation points into an equivalence machine. Although the method can achieve higher equivalent precision, the engineering practicability is poor due to the fact that complex links such as complex clustering algorithm and the allocation of a power collection network among different equivalent machines are involved.
The single unit equivalence method does not need to group the units in the station, and enables the whole station to be equivalent to one unit. The method is simple in calculation, but cannot represent the difference of the dynamic behaviors of all units in the station, and when the difference of the operating conditions among the units is large, a large equivalent error is caused. If higher equivalent accuracy is pursued, the dominant parameters of the equivalent machine need to be optimized by a complex intelligent optimization algorithm, the calculated amount is large, and real-time online calculation cannot be carried out. Such methods are therefore difficult to apply to engineering practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the problem that the calculation amount and the precision of the traditional single-machine equivalence method of the photovoltaic power station cannot be considered at the same time. Analytical single-machine equivalence methods, systems, and devices for photovoltaic power plants are provided.
The photovoltaic power station single-machine analysis equivalence method comprises the following steps:
step one, equating all photovoltaic generator sets in a photovoltaic power station into one set, obtaining a single-machine equivalent system, and operating the single-machine equivalent system to t0Time of day t0The time of three-phase short circuit fault at the outlet of the photovoltaic power station is represented;
step two, single machine equal value system from t0The moment continues to run to tcTime of day tcIndicating the moment of fault clearance, at t0Time to tcIn the process of running at any time, the calculation result of the formula (1) is used
As a stand-alone equivalent system at t0～tcThe instruction value of the active current at each moment in the time period is eliminated, so that the equivalent error of the photovoltaic power station single-machine equivalent model in the fault period is eliminated, and the fault behavior consistent with that of the photovoltaic power station is generated;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the instruction value of the active current of the single-machine equivalent system, t is the current simulation running time, n is the number of the units in the photovoltaic power station,
is the steady-state voltage of the ith unit,
is the active component of steady-state current of the ith unit, uEQEquivalent machine terminal voltage u of photovoltaic power station single machine equivalent systemPViIs the real-time voltage of the ith unit, ImaxIs the maximum current, kQIs a constant number of times, and is,
step three, single machine equal value system from tcContinuously running at any moment, and calculating the result of the formula (2)
t＞tcThe single-machine equivalent model is used as an instruction value of active current of the single-machine equivalent system at each moment after the fault is cleared, so that an equivalent error of the single-machine equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared is eliminated, and a dynamic power recovery behavior consistent with that of the photovoltaic power station is generated;
in the formula, kiThe active power recovery rate m after the fault of the ith unit of the photovoltaic power station is cleared1For the number of the units of which the active power is directly recovered to the steady state after the fault is cleared,
is the steady-state active power of the ith unit,
is m at1+1 moment when the unit reaches steady state, m2Number of unit, m2＝m1+1～n-m1，
The initial power of the ith unit in the recovery process can be calculated by the formula (3),
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the initial voltage of the ith unit in the recovery process is generally between 0.2p.u. and 0.9p.u., PCIs constant between 0 and 1.
Preferably, all the units in the second and third steps are arranged in ascending order according to the magnitude of the respective steady-state active power, so that
And after the fault is cleared, all the units reach the sequence t of the respective steady-state momentss1≤ts2≤…≤tsn。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an analytical expression of active dynamic behavior of a photovoltaic power station in the whole fault ride-through process, an active current component is calculated according to the active power of the photovoltaic power station in the fault period and the dynamic current analytical expression after the fault is cleared respectively, and the active power control channel of a single-machine equivalent system is replaced at t0～tcThe reference value of the active current at the corresponding moment in the time period and the active power control channel of the single-machine equivalent system are t after the fault is clearedcAnd a new single-machine equivalence method is formed by the active current reference value after the moment, so that equivalence errors are effectively eliminated, and the dynamic behavior of the active power of the detailed photovoltaic power station is tracked. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient calculation, clear physical meaning, less required parameters, small calculated amount and convenient grasp for engineering technicians. Therefore, the invention not only can obtain higher precision, but also can take account of the calculation amount.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic power plant analytic single-machine equivalence method;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an actual photovoltaic power plant;
FIG. 3 is a photovoltaic power station single-machine equivalence system, wherein the adopted reference value calculation method is the analytic equivalence method provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 shows actual illumination intensity data measured at 10 time sections of an actual photovoltaic power plant;
FIG. 5 shows transient response errors of active power of the whole fault ride-through process of a conventional single-machine equivalent model and an analytic single-machine equivalent model provided by the invention in different illumination scenes relative to a photovoltaic power station before equivalence;
6(a) to 6(d) are respectively comparison diagrams of dynamic behaviors of the photovoltaic power station, the traditional single-machine equivalent model thereof and the voltage, current, active power and reactive power of the analysis single-machine equivalent model in the whole fault ride-through process under different illumination scenes;
FIG. 7 shows transient response errors of active power in the whole fault ride-through process of a conventional single-machine equivalent model and an analytic single-machine equivalent model provided by the invention under different voltage drop conditions relative to a photovoltaic power station before equivalence;
fig. 8(a) to 8(d) are respectively comparison diagrams of dynamic behaviors of voltage, current, active power and reactive power of the photovoltaic power station, the traditional single-machine equivalent model thereof and the analysis single-machine equivalent model provided by the invention in the whole fault ride-through process under different voltage drop conditions.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described in connection with figure 1,
the photovoltaic power station single analysis equivalence method in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, taking a certain actual 50MW photovoltaic power station (100 sets, each set having a power of 1.5MW and set parameters shown in table 1) shown in fig. 2 as an example, equating all photovoltaic generator sets in the photovoltaic power station to one set, and obtaining a set shown in fig. 3Stand-alone equivalent system, running stand-alone equivalent system to t0Time (2s) t0Indicating the moment at which a three-phase short-circuit fault (in this example the voltage drops to 0.3p.u.) occurs at the outlet of the photovoltaic plant.
TABLE 1 Main parameters of photovoltaic generator set
Step two, the single machine equal-value system slave t shown in FIG. 30The moment continues to run to tcTime (2.15s) tcIndicating the moment of fault clearance, at t0Time to tcIn the process of running at any time, the calculation result of the formula (4) is used
The single-machine equivalent model is used as an instruction value of active current of a single-machine equivalent system at each moment in a 2-2.15 s time period, so that an equivalent error of the single-machine equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station in 2-2.15 s is eliminated, and a fault behavior consistent with that of the photovoltaic power station is generated:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the instruction value of the active current of the single-machine equivalent system, t is the current simulation running time, n is the number of the units in the photovoltaic power station and is equal to 100,
the steady-state voltage of the ith unit can be obtained by the steady-state generator terminal voltage of an equivalent machine
And the collection network of the photovoltaic power station is derived from the load flow calculation,
is the ithThe active component of the steady-state current of the unit can be obtained by measurement, uPViThe real-time voltage of the ith unit can be obtained by the real-time terminal voltage u of an equivalent machineEQAnd the current collection network of the photovoltaic power station is derived according to load flow calculation, ImaxIs the maximum current, kQIs constant and can be obtained through a parameter manual of the unit, in the embodiment, ImaxIs 1.1p.u., kQIs 1.5.
Step three, the single-machine equal-value system slave t shown in figure 3cThe operation is continued for (2.15s), and the calculation result of the formula (5) is used
t＞tcThe single-machine equivalent model is used as an instruction value of active current of the single-machine equivalent system at each moment after fault clearing, so that an equivalent error of the single-machine equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station after fault clearing is eliminated, and a fault behavior consistent with that of the photovoltaic power station is generated:
in the formula, kiThe active power recovery rate after the fault of the ith unit of the photovoltaic power station is cleared, which is equal to 0.3pu/s in this embodiment,
is the steady-state active power of the ith unit and can be obtained by measurement, tsm1+1Is m at1+1 moment when the unit reaches steady state, m2Number of unit, m2＝m1+1～n-m1，m1The number of the units for directly recovering the active power to the steady state after the fault is cleared is equal to that the steady state power of the units in the station is less than PCThe number of the plurality of the optical fibers,
the initial power of the ith unit in the recovery process can be calculated by the formula (6),
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the starting voltage of the i-th unit in the recovery process is generally between 0.2p.u. and 0.9p.u., in this embodiment, 0.3pu, PCIs a constant between 0 and 1, in this example 0.2 p.u..
It is noted that all the units in the second and third steps are arranged in ascending order according to the magnitude of the respective steady-state active power, so that
And after the fault is cleared, all the units reach the sequence t of the respective steady-state momentss1≤ts2≤…≤tsn。
In addition, because the reactive power failure behaviors of the photovoltaic power station and the single-machine equivalent system of the photovoltaic power station are basically consistent without correction, the reactive current reference value of the reactive power control channel of the single-machine equivalent system in fig. 2 is consistent with that of the traditional single-machine equivalent model.
The second embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment is a photovoltaic power station single analysis equivalence system, which is used for executing a photovoltaic power station single analysis equivalence method.
The third concrete implementation mode:
the embodiment is equipment for analyzing the equivalence of the single photovoltaic power station, and the equipment is used for storing and/or operating an equivalent system for analyzing the single photovoltaic power station. The device of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a computer.
Example (b):
the simulation is performed according to the method of the first embodiment.
1. Firstly, the equivalent effect of the proposed method under different illumination scenes is verified:
fig. 4 shows 10 groups of illumination scenes measured by an actual photovoltaic power plant shown in fig. 2, where each column in fig. 4 represents one group of illumination scenes, and each point represents an actual effective illumination intensity of one photovoltaic power plant.
When a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at a grid-connected point of a photovoltaic power station, the fault starts at 2s, is cleared at 2.15s, and the voltage drops to 0.3p.u., the active power transient response error pair of the whole fault ride-through process of the traditional single-machine equivalent model, the analytic single-machine equivalent model provided by the invention and the photovoltaic power station model is shown in FIG. 5. The group 1 lighting scene is taken as an example to show the equivalent effect, and the fault ride-through behavior pairs of the voltage, the current, the active power and the reactive power of the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analysis single-machine equivalent model provided by the invention in the fault ride-through whole process of the photovoltaic power station model are shown in fig. 6(a) to 6 (d).
As can be seen from fig. 5 and fig. 6(a) to 6(d), the photovoltaic power station analysis single-machine equivalence method provided by the invention can obviously improve the equivalence precision of the traditional single-machine model of the photovoltaic power station, and has a good tracking effect on the voltage, current, active power and reactive power fault behaviors of the power station in different illumination scenes.
2. Then, the equivalent effect of the proposed method under different voltage drop conditions is verified:
still taking a practical photovoltaic power plant shown in fig. 2 as an example, the first group of lighting scenes in fig. 4 is selected.
When a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at a grid-connected point of a photovoltaic power station, the fault starts at 2s, is cleared at 2.15s, and the voltage drops to 0-0.9 p.u., the active power transient response error pair of the traditional single-machine equivalent model, the analytic single-machine equivalent model provided by the invention and the fault ride-through whole process of the photovoltaic power station model is shown in FIG. 7. The voltage dropping to 0.5p.u. is taken as an example, and the equivalent effect is displayed, and the fault ride-through behavior pairs of the voltage, the current, the active power and the reactive power in the whole fault ride-through process of the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analytic single-machine equivalent model and the photovoltaic power station model provided by the invention are shown in fig. 8(a) to fig. 8 (d).
As can be seen from fig. 7 and fig. 8(a) to 8(d), the photovoltaic power station analytic single-machine equivalence method provided by the invention can obviously improve the equivalence precision of the traditional single-machine model of the photovoltaic power station, and has a good tracking effect on the fault behaviors of voltage, current, active power and reactive power of the power station under different voltage drop conditions.
In conclusion, the photovoltaic power station single-machine analysis equivalence method provided by the invention overcomes the problem that the calculation amount and the equivalence precision of the traditional single-machine equivalence model cannot be considered at the same time, and the dynamic behavior of the power station in the whole fault crossing process can be simulated by adopting one equivalence machine.
It should be noted that the detailed description is only for explaining and explaining the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the claims is not limited thereby. It is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims and the description.
Claims (5)
1. The photovoltaic power station single-machine analysis equivalence method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, equating all photovoltaic generator sets in a photovoltaic power station into one set, obtaining a single-machine equivalent system, and operating the single-machine equivalent system to t0Time of day t0The time of three-phase short circuit fault at the outlet of the photovoltaic power station is represented;
step two, single machine equal value system from t0The moment continues to run to tcTime of day tcIndicating the moment of fault clearance, at t0Time to tcIn the process of running at any time, the calculation result of the formula (1) is used
As a stand-alone equivalent system at t0～tcThe instruction value of the active current at each moment in the time period is eliminated, so that the equivalent error of the photovoltaic power station single-machine equivalent model in the fault period is eliminated, and the fault behavior consistent with that of the photovoltaic power station is generated;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the instruction value of the active current of the single-machine equivalent system, t is the current simulation running time, n is the number of the units in the photovoltaic power station,
is the steady-state voltage of the ith unit,
is the active component of steady-state current of the ith unit, uEQEquivalent machine terminal voltage u of photovoltaic power station single machine equivalent systemPViIs the real-time voltage of the ith unit, ImaxIs the maximum current, kQIs a constant number of times, and is,
step three, single machine equal value system from tcContinuously running at any moment, and calculating the result of the formula (2)
t＞tcThe single-machine equivalent model is used as an instruction value of active current of the single-machine equivalent system at each moment after the fault is cleared, so that an equivalent error of the single-machine equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared is eliminated, and a fault behavior consistent with that of the photovoltaic power station is generated;
in the formula, kiThe active power recovery rate m after the fault of the ith unit of the photovoltaic power station is cleared1For the number of the units of which the active power is directly recovered to the steady state after the fault is cleared,
for the starting power of the ith unit in the recovery process,
is the steady state active power of the ith unit, tsm1+1Is m at1+1 machine setTime to reach steady state, m2Number of unit, m2＝m1+1～n-m1。
2. The photovoltaic power plant analytic stand-alone equivalence method according to claim 1, wherein all the units in the second step and the third step are arranged in ascending order according to respective steady-state active power, so that
And after the fault is cleared, all the units reach the sequence t of the respective steady-state momentss1≤ts2≤…≤tsn。
3. The photovoltaic power plant analytic stand-alone equivalence method according to claim 1, wherein the initial power of the ith unit in the recovery process
The following were used:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the initial voltage of the ith unit in the recovery process is generally between 0.2p.u. and 0.9p.u., PCIs constant between 0 and 1.
4. Photovoltaic power plant analytic stand-alone equivalence system, characterized in that said system is adapted to perform the photovoltaic power plant analytic stand-alone equivalence method of one of claims 1 to 3.
5. Device for resolving stand-alone equivalence for photovoltaic power plants, characterized in that said device is used for storing and/or operating a photovoltaic power plant resolving stand-alone equivalence system according to claim 4.
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