CN111367254A - Photovoltaic power station analytic single machine equivalence method, system and equipment - Google Patents

Photovoltaic power station analytic single machine equivalence method, system and equipment Download PDF

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CN111367254A
CN111367254A CN202010120680.6A CN202010120680A CN111367254A CN 111367254 A CN111367254 A CN 111367254A CN 202010120680 A CN202010120680 A CN 202010120680A CN 111367254 A CN111367254 A CN 111367254A
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photovoltaic power
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CN111367254B (en
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晁璞璞
李卫星
牟晓明
段方维
张艳军
韩月
刘道伟
孙峰
王超
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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    • G05B23/0243—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model
    • G05B23/0254—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model based on a quantitative model, e.g. mathematical relationships between inputs and outputs; functions: observer, Kalman filter, residual calculation, Neural Networks
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Abstract

光伏电站解析单机等值方法、系统及设备，涉及光伏电站解析单机等值方法和系统。本发明是为了解决光伏电站传统单机等值方法计算量和精度无法兼顾的问题。本发明所述方法给出了光伏电站在故障穿越全过程有功动态行为的解析表达式，分别根据光伏电站在故障期间和在故障清除后的动态电流解析表达式计算出有功电流分量，替换单机等值系统有功功率控制通道在故障期间即t0～tc时间段和故障清除后即tc时刻后相应时刻有功电流参考值，形成了新的单机等值方法，能够精确模拟详细光伏电站在故障穿越全过程的动态行为，有效地消除了等值误差。主要用于光伏电站解析单机等值过程。

Figure 202010120680

The invention relates to a method, system and equipment for analyzing the equivalent value of a single machine of a photovoltaic power station, and relates to a method and a system for analyzing the equivalent value of a single machine of a photovoltaic power station. The invention aims to solve the problem that the calculation amount and the precision of the traditional single-machine equivalent method of the photovoltaic power station cannot be taken into account. The method of the invention provides the analytical expression of the active power dynamic behavior of the photovoltaic power station in the whole process of fault ride-through, and calculates the active current component according to the dynamic current analytical expression of the photovoltaic power station during the fault period and after the fault is cleared, and replaces the single machine, etc. The active power control channel of the active power control channel during the fault period, that is, the time period t 0 ~ t c , and after the fault is cleared, that is, the active current reference value at the corresponding time after the time t c , has formed a new single-machine equivalent method, which can accurately simulate the detailed photovoltaic power station in the fault. Through the dynamic behavior of the whole process, the equivalent error is effectively eliminated. Mainly used in photovoltaic power plants to analyze the equivalent process of a single machine.

Figure 202010120680

Description

光伏电站解析单机等值方法、系统及设备Photovoltaic power station analysis method, system and equipment for single machine equivalent

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及光伏电站解析单机等值方法和系统，属于电力系统仿真建模技术领域。The invention relates to a method and a system for analyzing the equivalent value of a photovoltaic power station for a single machine, and belongs to the technical field of power system simulation modeling.

背景技术Background technique

随着以光伏发电并网规模的不断增加，正确评估其对电力系统的影响日益重要。然而，一个大型光伏电站往往包含数百台机组，如果对每台机组都单独建模，则会大大增加电力系统仿真模型的复杂度和仿真计算时间。因此，建立有效的光伏电站等值模型日益重要和迫切。As the scale of photovoltaic power generation grid-connected continues to increase, it is increasingly important to correctly assess its impact on the power system. However, a large-scale photovoltaic power station often contains hundreds of units. If each unit is modeled separately, the complexity of the power system simulation model and the simulation calculation time will be greatly increased. Therefore, it is increasingly important and urgent to establish an effective PV power plant equivalent model.

目前光伏电站的等值方法可以分为单机等值和多机等值两类。多机等值基于传统的发电机“同调”思想，通常以能够表征光伏发电机组运行状态的特征量为分群指标，将具有相似或相同运行点的机组聚合成一台等值机。这类方法虽然可以达到较高的等值精度，但由于涉及复杂的分群算法和集电网络在不同等值机间的分摊等复杂环节，工程实用性较差。At present, the equivalence methods of photovoltaic power plants can be divided into two categories: single-machine equivalence and multi-machine equivalence. Multi-machine equivalence is based on the traditional idea of generator "coherence". Usually, the feature quantity that can characterize the operating state of photovoltaic generator sets is used as the grouping index, and the units with similar or the same operating point are aggregated into one equivalent machine. Although this kind of method can achieve high equivalent precision, it has poor engineering practicability due to the complex links involved such as complex grouping algorithm and the distribution of the collector network among different equivalent machines.

单机等值方法无需对场站内的机组分群，将整个场站等值为一台机组。这种方法计算简单，但无法表征场站内各机组动态行为的差异，当机组间的运行工况差异较大时，会导致较大的等值误差。若追求更高的等值精度需要配合较为复杂的智能优化算法优化等值机的主导参数，计算量较大，无法实时在线计算。因此此类方法难以应用于工程实际。The single-machine equivalence method does not need to group the units in the station, and the whole station is equivalent to one unit. This method is simple to calculate, but cannot characterize the differences in the dynamic behavior of each unit in the station. When the operating conditions of the units are quite different, it will lead to a large equivalent error. If higher equivalent precision is pursued, it is necessary to optimize the dominant parameters of the equivalent machine with a more complex intelligent optimization algorithm, which requires a large amount of calculation and cannot be calculated online in real time. Therefore, such methods are difficult to apply to engineering practice.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明是为了解决光伏电站传统单机等值方法计算量和精度无法兼顾的问题。现提供光伏电站的解析单机等值方法、系统及装置。The invention aims to solve the problem that the calculation amount and the precision of the traditional single-machine equivalent method of the photovoltaic power station cannot be taken into account. The analytical stand-alone equivalent method, system and device for photovoltaic power plants are now provided.

光伏电站解析单机等值方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：A method for analyzing the equivalent value of a single machine in a photovoltaic power station, the method includes the following steps:

步骤一、将光伏电站内所有光伏发电机组等值为一台机组，获得单机等值系统，运行单机等值系统至t0时刻，t0表示光伏电站出口处发生三相短路故障的时刻；Step 1. Equivalent all photovoltaic generating units in the photovoltaic power station to one unit, obtain a single-unit equivalent system, and run the single-unit equivalent system until time t 0 , where t 0 represents the moment when a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the exit of the photovoltaic power station;

步骤二、单机等值系统从t0时刻继续运行至tc时刻，tc表示故障清除时刻，在t0时刻至tc时刻运行过程中，将公式(1)的计算结果

Figure BDA0002392876170000011
作为单机等值系统在t0～tc时间段各时刻有功电流的指令值，从而消除光伏电站单机等值模型在故障期间的等值误差，产生和光伏电站一致的故障行为；Step 2. The stand-alone equivalent system continues to run from time t 0 to time t c , where t c represents the time of fault clearing. During the running process from time t 0 to time t c , the calculation result of formula (1) is calculated.
Figure BDA0002392876170000011
As the command value of the active current of the stand-alone equivalent system at each moment in the time period t 0 ~ t c , the equivalent error of the stand-alone equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station during the fault period is eliminated, and the fault behavior consistent with the photovoltaic power station is generated;

Figure BDA0002392876170000021
Figure BDA0002392876170000021

式中，

Figure BDA0002392876170000022
为单机等值系统有功电流的指令值，t是当前仿真运行时间，n为光伏电站中机组的台数，
Figure BDA0002392876170000023
为第i台机组的稳态电压，
Figure BDA0002392876170000024
为第i台机组稳态电流的有功分量，uEQ为光伏电站单机等值系统的等值机机端电压，uPVi为第i台机组的实时电压，Imax为最大电流，kQ为常数，In the formula,
Figure BDA0002392876170000022
is the command value of the active current of the single-unit equivalent system, t is the current simulation running time, n is the number of units in the photovoltaic power station,
Figure BDA0002392876170000023
is the steady-state voltage of the i-th unit,
Figure BDA0002392876170000024
is the active component of the steady-state current of the i-th unit, u EQ is the equivalent terminal voltage of the single-unit equivalent system of the photovoltaic power station, u PVi is the real-time voltage of the i-th unit, I max is the maximum current, and k Q is a constant ,

步骤三、单机等值系统从tc时刻继续运行，将公式(2)的计算结果

Figure BDA0002392876170000025
t＞tc，作为单机等值系统在故障清除后各时刻有功电流的指令值，从而消除光伏电站单机等值模型在故障清除后的等值误差，产生和光伏电站一致的动态功率恢复行为；Step 3. The stand-alone equivalent system continues to run from time t c , and the calculation result of formula (2) is
Figure BDA0002392876170000025
t > t c , as the command value of the active current of the stand-alone equivalent system at each moment after the fault is cleared, so as to eliminate the equivalent error of the stand-alone equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared, and produce the same dynamic power recovery behavior as the photovoltaic power station;

Figure BDA0002392876170000026
Figure BDA0002392876170000026

式中，ki是光伏电站第i台机组故障清除后的有功恢复速率，m1为故障清除后有功功率直接恢复至稳态的机组数量，

Figure BDA0002392876170000027
为第i台机组的稳态有功功率，
Figure BDA0002392876170000028
为第m1+1台机组到达稳态的时刻，m2为机组的编号，m2＝m1+1～n-m1，
Figure BDA0002392876170000029
为第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始功率，可由公式(3)计算，In the formula, k i is the active power recovery rate of the i-th unit of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared, m 1 is the number of units whose active power is directly restored to the steady state after the fault is cleared,
Figure BDA0002392876170000027
is the steady-state active power of the i-th unit,
Figure BDA0002392876170000028
is the moment when the m 1 +1th unit reaches the steady state, m 2 is the number of the unit, m 2 =m 1 +1～nm 1 ,
Figure BDA0002392876170000029
is the initial power of the i-th unit during the recovery process, which can be calculated by formula (3),

Figure BDA00023928761700000210
Figure BDA00023928761700000210

式中，

Figure BDA00023928761700000211
为第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始电压，一般在0.2p.u.至0.9p.u.之间，PC为0至1之间的常数。In the formula,
Figure BDA00023928761700000211
is the initial voltage of the i-th unit during the recovery process, generally between 0.2pu and 0.9pu , and PC is a constant between 0 and 1.

优选地，步骤二和三中所有机组按照各自稳态有功功率的大小进行升序排列，因此

Figure BDA0002392876170000031
且故障清除后所有机组达到各自稳态时刻的排序ts1≤ts2≤…≤tsn。Preferably, in steps 2 and 3, all units are arranged in ascending order according to their steady-state active power, so
Figure BDA0002392876170000031
And after the fault is cleared, all the units reach their respective steady state time sequence t s1 ≤ t s2 ≤...≤ t sn .

本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:

本发明给出了光伏电站在故障穿越全过程有功动态行为的解析表达式，分别根据光伏电站在故障期间的有功功率和在故障清除后的动态电流解析表达式计算出有功电流分量，替换单机等值系统有功功率控制通道在t0～tc时间段内相应时刻有功电流的参考值和单机等值系统有功功率控制通道在故障清除后即tc时刻后的有功电流参考值，形成了新的单机等值方法，有效地消除了等值误差，跟踪了详细光伏电站有功功率的动态行为。该方法计算简单方便，物理含义明晰，所需参数少，计算量小，便于工程技术人员掌握。所以本发明不仅能够取得较高的精度，而且能够兼顾计算量。The present invention provides an analytical expression of the active power dynamic behavior of the photovoltaic power station in the whole process of fault ride-through, and calculates the active current component according to the active power of the photovoltaic power station during the fault period and the dynamic current analytical expression after the fault is cleared, and replaces the single machine, etc. The reference value of the active current of the active power control channel of the value system at the corresponding time in the time period of t 0 ~ t c and the active current reference value of the active power control channel of the stand-alone equivalent system after the fault is cleared, that is, after the time t c , forming a new The single-machine equivalent method effectively eliminates the equivalent error and tracks the dynamic behavior of the active power of the detailed photovoltaic power station. The method is simple and convenient to calculate, the physical meaning is clear, the required parameters are few, and the calculation amount is small, which is convenient for engineering and technical personnel to master. Therefore, the present invention can not only achieve higher precision, but also take into account the amount of calculation.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为光伏电站解析单机等值方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for analyzing the equivalent value of a single machine in a photovoltaic power station;

图2为某实际光伏电站的结构图；Figure 2 is a structural diagram of an actual photovoltaic power station;

图3为本发明所述的光伏电站单机等值系统，所采用的参考值计算方法为本发明所提出的解析等值方法；Fig. 3 is the stand-alone equivalent value system of the photovoltaic power station according to the present invention, and the adopted reference value calculation method is the analytical equivalent value method proposed by the present invention;

图4为某实际光伏电站在某10个时间断面测量得到的实际光照强度数据；Figure 4 shows the actual light intensity data measured by an actual photovoltaic power station at a certain 10 time sections;

图5为传统单机等值模型及本发明提出的解析单机等值模型在不同光照场景下，相对于等值前的光伏电站，故障穿越全过程的有功功率的暂态响应误差；Fig. 5 is the transient response error of active power in the whole process of fault ride-through compared with the photovoltaic power station before the equivalent value under different illumination scenarios of the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analytical single-machine equivalent model proposed by the present invention;

图6(a)至图6(d)分别为不同光照场景下，光伏电站、其传统单机等值模型及本发明提出的解析单机等值模型的故障穿越全过程的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率在故障穿越全过程动态行为的对比图；Figures 6(a) to 6(d) respectively show the voltage, current, active power and voltage of the photovoltaic power station, its traditional stand-alone equivalent model and the analytical stand-alone equivalent model proposed by the present invention in the whole process of fault ride-through under different lighting scenarios. The comparison chart of the dynamic behavior of reactive power in the whole process of fault ride-through;

图7为传统单机等值模型及本发明提出的解析单机等值模型在不同电压跌落情况下，相对于等值前的光伏电站，故障穿越全过程的有功功率的暂态响应误差；Fig. 7 is the transient response error of the active power in the whole process of fault ride-through compared to the photovoltaic power station before the equivalent value under different voltage sags of the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analytical single-machine equivalent model proposed by the present invention;

图8(a)至图8(d)分别为不同电压跌落情况下，光伏电站、其传统单机等值模型及本发明提出的解析单机等值模型的故障穿越全过程的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率在故障穿越全过程动态行为的对比图。Figures 8(a) to 8(d) respectively show the voltage, current and active power of the whole process of fault ride-through of the photovoltaic power station, its traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analytical single-machine equivalent model proposed by the present invention under different voltage sags. Comparison diagram of dynamic behavior of reactive power and reactive power in the whole process of fault ride-through.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

具体实施方式一：结合图1说明本实施方式，Embodiment 1: This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 ,

本实施方式所述光伏电站解析单机等值方法，包括以下步骤：The method for analyzing the equivalent value of a single machine for a photovoltaic power station described in this embodiment includes the following steps:

步骤一、以如图2所示的某实际50MW光伏电站(100台机组，每台机组1.5MW，机组参数如表1所示)为例，将光伏电站内所有光伏发电机组等值为一台机组，获得如图3所示的单机等值系统，运行单机等值系统至t0(2s)时刻，t0表示光伏电站出口处发生三相短路故障(本实施例中电压跌落至0.3p.u.)的时刻。Step 1. Taking an actual 50MW photovoltaic power station as shown in Figure 2 (100 units, each unit is 1.5MW, and the unit parameters are shown in Table 1) as an example, all photovoltaic generating units in the photovoltaic power station are equivalent to one unit, obtain the stand-alone equivalent system as shown in Figure 3, run the stand-alone equivalent system until time t 0 (2s), t 0 indicates that a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the exit of the photovoltaic power station (in this embodiment, the voltage drops to 0.3pu) moment.

表1光伏发电机组的主要参数Table 1 Main parameters of photovoltaic generator set

Figure BDA0002392876170000041
Figure BDA0002392876170000041

步骤二、如图3所示的单机等值系统从t0时刻继续运行至tc(2.15s)时刻，tc表示故障清除时刻，在t0时刻至tc时刻运行过程中，将公式(4)的计算结果

Figure BDA0002392876170000042
作为单机等值系统在2～2.15s时间段各时刻有功电流的指令值，从而消除光伏电站单机等值模型在2～2.15s的等值误差，产生和光伏电站一致的故障行为：Step 2. The stand-alone equivalent system shown in Figure 3 continues to run from time t 0 to time t c (2.15s), where t c represents the time of fault clearing. During the operation from time t 0 to time t c , the formula ( 4) The calculation result of
Figure BDA0002392876170000042
As the command value of the active current of the stand-alone equivalent system at each moment in the 2-2.15s time period, the equivalent error of the stand-alone equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station in 2-2.15s is eliminated, resulting in the same fault behavior as the photovoltaic power station:

Figure BDA0002392876170000043
Figure BDA0002392876170000043

式中，

Figure BDA0002392876170000044
为单机等值系统有功电流的指令值，t是当前仿真运行时间，n为光伏电站中机组的台数，等于100，
Figure BDA0002392876170000045
为第i台机组的稳态电压，可以由等值机的稳态机端电压
Figure BDA0002392876170000046
和光伏电站的集电网络根据潮流计算推导而得，
Figure BDA0002392876170000047
为第i台机组稳态电流的有功分量，可通过测量得到，uPVi为第i台机组的实时电压，可以由等值机的实时机端电压uEQ和光伏电站的集电网络根据潮流计算推导而得，Imax为最大电流，kQ为常数，可通过机组的参数手册得到，本实施例中，Imax为1.1p.u.，kQ为1.5。In the formula,
Figure BDA0002392876170000044
is the command value of the active current of the single-unit equivalent system, t is the current simulation running time, n is the number of units in the photovoltaic power station, equal to 100,
Figure BDA0002392876170000045
is the steady-state voltage of the i-th unit, which can be determined by the steady-state terminal voltage of the equivalent unit
Figure BDA0002392876170000046
and the collection network of the photovoltaic power station is derived from the power flow calculation,
Figure BDA0002392876170000047
is the active component of the steady-state current of the i-th unit, which can be obtained by measurement, u PVi is the real-time voltage of the i-th unit, which can be calculated from the real-time terminal voltage u EQ of the equivalent unit and the collector network of the photovoltaic power station according to the power flow It is derived that I max is the maximum current, and k Q is a constant, which can be obtained from the parameter manual of the unit. In this embodiment, I max is 1.1 pu, and k Q is 1.5.

步骤三、图3所示的单机等值系统从tc(2.15s)时刻继续运行，将公式(5)的计算结果

Figure BDA0002392876170000051
t＞tc，作为单机等值系统在故障清除后各时刻有功电流的指令值，从而消除光伏电站单机等值模型在故障清除后的等值误差，产生和光伏电站一致的故障后行为：Step 3. The stand-alone equivalent system shown in Figure 3 continues to run from time t c (2.15s), and the calculation result of formula (5)
Figure BDA0002392876170000051
t>t c , as the command value of the active current of the stand-alone equivalent system at each moment after the fault is cleared, thereby eliminating the equivalent error of the stand-alone equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared, resulting in the same post-fault behavior as the photovoltaic power station:

Figure BDA0002392876170000052
Figure BDA0002392876170000052

式中，ki是光伏电站第i台机组故障清除后的有功恢复速率，本实施例中等于0.3pu/s，

Figure BDA0002392876170000053
为第i台机组的稳态有功功率，可通过测量得到，tsm1+1为第m1+1台机组到达稳态的时刻，m2为机组的编号，m2＝m1+1～n-m1，m1为故障清除后有功功率直接恢复至稳态的机组数量，等于场站中机组稳态功率小于PC的台数，
Figure BDA0002392876170000054
为第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始功率，可由公式(6)计算，In the formula, ki is the active power recovery rate after the fault of the i -th unit of the photovoltaic power station is cleared, which is equal to 0.3pu/s in this embodiment,
Figure BDA0002392876170000053
is the steady-state active power of the i-th unit, which can be obtained by measurement, t sm1+1 is the moment when the m 1 +1-th unit reaches the steady state, m 2 is the unit number, m 2 =m 1 +1～nm 1 , m 1 is the number of units whose active power is directly restored to the steady state after the fault is cleared, which is equal to the number of units whose steady - state power is less than PC in the station,
Figure BDA0002392876170000054
is the initial power of the i-th unit during the recovery process, which can be calculated by formula (6),

Figure BDA0002392876170000055
Figure BDA0002392876170000055

式中，

Figure BDA0002392876170000056
为第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始电压，一般在0.2p.u.至0.9p.u.之间，本实施例中为0.3pu，PC为0至1之间的常数，本实施例中为0.2p.u.。In the formula,
Figure BDA0002392876170000056
is the initial voltage of the i-th unit during the recovery process, generally between 0.2pu and 0.9pu, in this embodiment, it is 0.3pu , and PC is a constant between 0 and 1, and in this embodiment, it is 0.2pu .

值得注意的是，步骤二和三中所有的机组按照各自稳态有功功率的大小进行升序排列，因此

Figure BDA0002392876170000057
且故障清除后所有机组达到各自稳态时刻的排序ts1≤ts2≤…≤tsn。It is worth noting that in steps 2 and 3, all units are arranged in ascending order according to their steady-state active power, so
Figure BDA0002392876170000057
And after the fault is cleared, all the units reach their respective steady state time sequence t s1 ≤ t s2 ≤...≤ t sn .

另外，由于光伏电站和其单机等值系统的无功功率故障行为基本一致，无需校正，因此，图2中单机等值系统无功控制通道的无功电流参考值与传统单机等值模型的一致。In addition, since the reactive power fault behavior of the photovoltaic power station and its stand-alone equivalent system is basically the same, no correction is required. Therefore, the reactive current reference value of the reactive power control channel of the stand-alone equivalent system in Figure 2 is consistent with that of the traditional stand-alone equivalent model. .

具体实施方式二：Specific implementation two:

本实施方式为光伏电站解析单机等值系统，所述系统用于执行光伏电站解析单机等值方法。This embodiment is a photovoltaic power station parsing stand-alone equivalence system, and the system is used to execute a photovoltaic power plant parsing stand-alone equivalence method.

具体实施方式三：Specific implementation three:

本实施方式为用于光伏电站解析单机等值的设备，所述设备用于存储和/或运行光伏电站解析单机等值系统。本发明所述的设备包括但不限于计算机。This embodiment is a device for photovoltaic power station parsing stand-alone equivalents, and the device is used for storing and/or running a photovoltaic power plant parsing stand-alone equivalent system. The devices described in the present invention include but are not limited to computers.

实施例：Example:

按照具体实施方式一的方法进行仿真。The simulation is performed according to the method of the first embodiment.

1、首先验证所提出方法在不同光照场景下的等值效果：1. First, verify the equivalent effect of the proposed method in different lighting scenarios:

以图2所示的某实际光伏电站测量的某10组光照场景如图4所示，图4中每列代表一组光照场景，每个点代表一台光伏发电机组的实际有效光照强度。A certain 10 groups of lighting scenes measured by an actual photovoltaic power station shown in Figure 2 are shown in Figure 4. Each column in Figure 4 represents a group of lighting scenes, and each point represents the actual effective light intensity of a photovoltaic generator set.

光伏电站并网点处发生三相短路故障，故障开始于2s，清除于2.15s，电压跌落至0.3p.u.时，传统单机等值模型和本发明提出的解析单机等值模型及光伏电站模型的故障穿越全过程的有功功率暂态响应误差对比如图5所示。选取第1组光照场景为例，对其等值效果进行展示，传统单机等值模型和本发明提出的解析单机等值模型及光伏电站模型的故障穿越全过程的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率、的故障穿越行为对比如图6(a)至图6(d)所示。When a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station, the fault starts in 2s, clears in 2.15s, and when the voltage drops to 0.3p.u. The comparison of the active power transient response error in the whole process is shown in Figure 5. Take the first group of lighting scenes as an example to show its equivalent effect, the voltage, current, active power and no-voltage of the whole process of fault ride-through of the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analytical single-machine equivalent model and the photovoltaic power station model proposed by the present invention. The comparison of the fault ride-through behavior of power and power is shown in Fig. 6(a) to Fig. 6(d).

由图5和图6(a)至图6(d)可知，本发明提出的光伏电站解析单机等值方法可以明显提高光伏电站传统单机模型的等值精度，对电站在不同光照场景的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率故障行为的跟踪效果均较好。It can be seen from Fig. 5 and Fig. 6(a) to Fig. 6(d) that the equivalent method for analyzing a single unit of a photovoltaic power station proposed by the present invention can significantly improve the equivalent accuracy of the traditional single unit model of a photovoltaic power station, and the voltage, The tracking effect of current, active power and reactive power fault behaviors is good.

2、接着验证所提出方法在不同电压跌落情况下的等值效果：2. Then verify the equivalent effect of the proposed method under different voltage drops:

仍以图2所示的某实际光伏电站为例，选取图4中的第一组光照场景。Still taking an actual photovoltaic power station shown in FIG. 2 as an example, the first group of lighting scenes in FIG. 4 is selected.

光伏电站并网点处发生三相短路故障，故障开始于2s，清除于2.15s，电压跌落至0～0.9p.u.时，传统单机等值模型和本发明提出的解析单机等值模型及光伏电站模型的故障穿越全过程的有功功率暂态响应误差对比如图7所示。选取电压跌落至0.5p.u.为例，对其等值效果进行展示，传统单机等值模型和本发明提出的解析单机等值模型及光伏电站模型的故障穿越全过程的电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率的故障穿越行为对比如图8(a)至图8(d)所示。A three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station. The fault starts in 2s, clears in 2.15s, and when the voltage drops to 0-0.9p.u. The comparison of the active power transient response error in the whole process of fault ride-through is shown in Figure 7. Taking the voltage drop to 0.5p.u. as an example, the equivalent effect is shown. The voltage, current, active power and no-voltage of the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the analytical single-machine equivalent model proposed by the present invention and the photovoltaic power station model of the whole process of fault ride-through are shown. The comparison of the fault ride-through behavior of power is shown in Fig. 8(a) to Fig. 8(d).

由图7和图8(a)至图8(d)可知，本发明提出的光伏电站解析单机等值方法可以明显提高光伏电站传统单机模型的等值精度，对电站在不同电压跌落情况下电压、电流、有功功率和无功功率故障行为的跟踪效果均较好。It can be seen from Fig. 7 and Fig. 8(a) to Fig. 8(d) that the analytical single-machine equivalent method of photovoltaic power station proposed by the present invention can significantly improve the equivalent accuracy of the traditional single-machine model of photovoltaic power station, and the voltage of the power station under different voltage drops can be improved. , current, active power and reactive power fault behavior tracking effect are good.

综上，本发明提出的光伏电站解析单机等值方法克服了传统单机等值模型计算量和等值精度无法兼顾的问题，采用一台等值机，即可模拟电站在故障穿越全过程的动态行为，该方法计算简单方便，物理含义明晰，等值精度高，便于工程技术人员掌握。To sum up, the single-machine equivalent method for analyzing photovoltaic power plants proposed by the present invention overcomes the problem that the traditional single-machine equivalent model cannot take into account the calculation amount and the equivalent accuracy. By using one equivalent machine, the dynamics of the power station in the whole process of fault ride-through can be simulated. The method is simple and convenient to calculate, has clear physical meaning, and has high equivalent precision, which is convenient for engineering and technical personnel to master.

需要注意的是，具体实施方式仅仅是对本发明技术方案的解释和说明，不能以此限定权利保护范围。凡根据本发明权利要求书和说明书所做的仅仅是局部改变的，仍应落入本发明的保护范围内。It should be noted that the specific embodiments are only explanations and descriptions of the technical solutions of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the rights. Any changes made according to the claims and description of the present invention are only partial changes, which should still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.光伏电站解析单机等值方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：1. A single-machine equivalent method for analyzing a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: 步骤一、将光伏电站内所有光伏发电机组等值为一台机组，获得单机等值系统，运行单机等值系统至t0时刻，t0表示光伏电站出口处发生三相短路故障的时刻；Step 1. Equivalent all photovoltaic generating units in the photovoltaic power station to one unit, obtain a single-unit equivalent system, and run the single-unit equivalent system until time t 0 , where t 0 represents the moment when a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the exit of the photovoltaic power station; 步骤二、单机等值系统从t0时刻继续运行至tc时刻，tc表示故障清除时刻，在t0时刻至tc时刻运行过程中，将公式(1)的计算结果
Figure FDA0002392876160000011
作为单机等值系统在t0～tc时间段各时刻有功电流的指令值，从而消除光伏电站单机等值模型在故障期间的等值误差，产生和光伏电站一致的故障行为；Step 2. The stand-alone equivalent system continues to run from time t 0 to time t c , where t c represents the time of fault clearing. During the running process from time t 0 to time t c , the calculation result of formula (1) is calculated.
Figure FDA0002392876160000011
As the command value of the active current of the stand-alone equivalent system at each moment in the time period t 0 ~ t c , the equivalent error of the stand-alone equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station during the fault period is eliminated, and the fault behavior consistent with the photovoltaic power station is generated;
Figure FDA0002392876160000012
Figure FDA0002392876160000012
 式中，
Figure FDA0002392876160000013
为单机等值系统有功电流的指令值，t是当前仿真运行时间，n为光伏电站中机组的台数，
Figure FDA0002392876160000014
为第i台机组的稳态电压，
Figure FDA0002392876160000015
为第i台机组稳态电流的有功分量，uEQ为光伏电站单机等值系统的等值机机端电压，uPVi为第i台机组的实时电压，Imax为最大电流，kQ为常数，In the formula,
Figure FDA0002392876160000013
is the command value of the active current of the single-unit equivalent system, t is the current simulation running time, n is the number of units in the photovoltaic power station,
Figure FDA0002392876160000014
is the steady-state voltage of the i-th unit,
Figure FDA0002392876160000015
is the active component of the steady-state current of the i-th unit, u EQ is the equivalent terminal voltage of the single-unit equivalent system of the photovoltaic power station, u PVi is the real-time voltage of the i-th unit, I max is the maximum current, and k Q is a constant , 步骤三、单机等值系统从tc时刻继续运行，将公式(2)的计算结果
Figure FDA0002392876160000016
t＞tc，作为单机等值系统在故障清除后各时刻有功电流的指令值，从而消除光伏电站单机等值模型在故障清除后的等值误差，产生和光伏电站一致的故障后行为；Step 3. The stand-alone equivalent system continues to run from time t c , and the calculation result of formula (2) is
Figure FDA0002392876160000016
t>t c , as the command value of the active current of the stand-alone equivalent system at each moment after the fault is cleared, so as to eliminate the equivalent error of the stand-alone equivalent model of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared, and produce the same post-fault behavior as the photovoltaic power station;
Figure FDA0002392876160000017
Figure FDA0002392876160000017
 式中，ki是光伏电站第i台机组故障清除后的有功恢复速率，m1为故障清除后有功功率直接恢复至稳态的机组数量，
Figure FDA0002392876160000021
为第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始功率，
Figure FDA0002392876160000022
为第i台机组的稳态有功功率，tsm1+1为第m1+1台机组到达稳态的时刻，m2为机组的编号，m2＝m1+1～n-m1。In the formula, k i is the active power recovery rate of the i-th unit of the photovoltaic power station after the fault is cleared, m 1 is the number of units whose active power is directly restored to the steady state after the fault is cleared,
Figure FDA0002392876160000021
is the initial power of the i-th unit during the recovery process,
Figure FDA0002392876160000022
is the steady-state active power of the ith unit, t sm1+1 is the moment when the m 1 +1 unit reaches the steady state, m 2 is the number of the unit, m 2 =m 1 +1～nm 1 . 2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站解析单机等值方法，其特征在于，步骤二和三中所有机组按照各自稳态有功功率的大小进行升序排列，因此
Figure FDA0002392876160000023
且故障清除后所有机组达到各自稳态时刻的排序ts1≤ts2≤…≤tsn。2. The method for analyzing the equivalent value of a single unit of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, wherein in steps 2 and 3, all units are arranged in ascending order according to the size of their steady-state active power, so
Figure FDA0002392876160000023
And after the fault is cleared, all the units reach their respective steady state time sequence t s1 ≤ t s2 ≤...≤ t sn . 3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏电站解析单机等值方法，其特征在于，所述第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始功率
Figure FDA0002392876160000024
如下：3. The method for analyzing the equivalent value of a single unit of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, wherein the initial power of the i-th unit in the recovery process is
Figure FDA0002392876160000024
as follows:
Figure FDA0002392876160000025
Figure FDA0002392876160000025
 式中，
Figure FDA0002392876160000026
为第i台机组在恢复过程中的起始电压，一般在0.2p.u.至0.9p.u.之间，PC为0至1之间的常数。In the formula,
Figure FDA0002392876160000026
is the initial voltage of the i-th unit during the recovery process, generally between 0.2pu and 0.9pu , and PC is a constant between 0 and 1. 4.光伏电站解析单机等值系统，其特征在于，所述系统用于执行权利要求1至3之一所述的光伏电站解析单机等值方法。4. A photovoltaic power station parsing stand-alone equivalence system, characterized in that the system is used to execute the photovoltaic power plant parsing stand-alone equivalence method described in one of claims 1 to 3. 5.用于光伏电站解析单机等值的设备，其特征在于，所述设备用于存储和/或运行权利要求4所述的光伏电站解析单机等值系统。5. A device for analyzing the equivalent value of a single machine in a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, the device is used for storing and/or running the photovoltaic power station analyzing the equivalent value system for a single machine according to claim 4.
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CN112271756A (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-01-26 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 New energy station grid connection stability evaluation method

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