CN112265976B - Device for in-situ carbonization of biomass and using method - Google Patents

Device for in-situ carbonization of biomass and using method Download PDF

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CN112265976B
CN112265976B CN202011126463.4A CN202011126463A CN112265976B CN 112265976 B CN112265976 B CN 112265976B CN 202011126463 A CN202011126463 A CN 202011126463A CN 112265976 B CN112265976 B CN 112265976B
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air
biomass
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CN112265976A (en
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郑瑞伦
胡艳霞
孙国新
侯新村
滕文军
郭强
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Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
    • C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an in-situ biomass carbonizing device and a using method thereof, and relates to the field of biochar manufacturing equipment, wherein the carbonizing device comprises: the device comprises a combustion furnace, a furnace cover, a water spraying device and a flue gas circulating device, wherein the top of the combustion furnace is provided with an upper port; the furnace cover covers the upper port of the combustion furnace; the water spraying device is communicated with the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace and is used for spraying water into the furnace chamber; the flue gas circulating device is communicated with the furnace chamber and is used for mixing the flue gas at the upper part of the furnace chamber with the outside air and then conveying the mixture to the lower part of the furnace chamber. The device for in-situ biomass carbonization provided by the embodiment of the invention can convert biomass into biochar in situ, reduce the transportation cost of biomass and reduce the production cost of biochar; because the smoke is recycled in the production process, the smoke diffusion in the carbonization process is avoided, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

Description

Device for in-situ carbonization of biomass and using method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biochar manufacturing equipment, in particular to a device for in-situ carbonizing biomass and a using method thereof.
Background
The biochar serving as a novel soil remediation material can effectively improve soil fertility, increase field water holding capacity of soil, passivate heavy metals in the soil, and even can be used as a matrix material for slow and controlled release fertilizer, so that the biochar has a wide application prospect.
At present, most of conventional methods for producing biochar are to collect and transport agricultural and forestry wastes (such as straws and the like) to a burning place and then carry out biochar production. The large-scale biochar production equipment has high construction and operation cost, large occupied area, light raw material texture and large volume, so that the collection and transportation cost is greatly increased; in an agricultural park, various crops are generally planted, the harvesting time is dispersed, the places are dispersed, the garden wastes need to be transported and disposed in time for cleaning and fire prevention, so that the cost is additionally increased, and the garden wastes need to be overstocked and have potential safety hazards when being uniformly disposed, so that the uniform disposal of a large amount of garden wastes does not meet the actual situation; in the sightseeing landscape garden, lawn trimming and the like are not all performed at the same time, garden waste generated each time needs to be transported away for disposal, and the cost is increased; and the existing on-site carbonization technology can generate much smoke to cause environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a device for in-situ biomass carbonization and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of inconvenient operation, environmental pollution and high production cost of a production method of biochar in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides an in-situ biomass char formation device, which comprises:
the top of the combustion furnace is provided with an upper port;
the furnace cover covers the upper port of the combustion furnace;
the water spraying device is communicated with the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace and is used for spraying water into the furnace chamber;
and the smoke circulating device is communicated with the furnace chamber and is used for mixing the smoke at the upper part of the furnace chamber with the outside air and then conveying the mixture to the lower part of the furnace chamber.
According to the device for the in-situ carbonization of the biomass, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the flue gas circulating device comprises an air draft fan, a smoke exhaust pipe, an air inlet pipe, an air return pipe and an air inlet regulating valve, an air outlet port is formed in the furnace cover, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the air outlet port, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the air draft fan; one end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the smoke exhaust pipe; and the lower part of the combustion furnace is provided with a gas return port, the gas return port is communicated with one end of the gas return pipe, and the other end of the gas return pipe is communicated with a gas outlet of the air draft fan.
According to the on-site biomass carbonizing device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the smoke collecting hood is arranged at the other end of the air inlet pipe and is positioned above the air exhaust fan.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the water spraying device comprises a water inlet pipe and a spray header, wherein the water inlet pipe penetrates through the furnace cover, and the spray header is communicated with the lower end of the water inlet pipe.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the in-situ biomass coking device further comprises a movable flat car, and the combustion furnace is arranged on the movable flat car.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the in-situ biomass carbonizing device further comprises an electric control box and a plurality of temperature probes, the temperature probes are arranged on the inner wall of the furnace chamber, and the electric control box is electrically connected with the air draft fan and the temperature probes respectively.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the in-situ biomass carbonizing device further comprises a storage battery, the storage battery is arranged on the movable flat car, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the electric cabinet.
According to the in-situ biomass carbonizing device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the inner wall of the furnace chamber is provided with the heat insulation layer.
According to the device for in-situ biomass charring, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the furnace cover is detachably connected with the combustion furnace through a lock catch assembly, and a gap between the furnace cover and the combustion furnace is sealed through a heat-resistant sealing ring; and a condensing device is arranged in the air return pipe.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a using method of the in-situ biomass char formation device, wherein the using method comprises the following steps:
putting biomass into a furnace cavity, covering a furnace cover on an upper end opening of a combustion furnace, and opening an air exhaust fan;
igniting the biomass in the furnace cavity and opening the air inlet regulating valve;
after the temperature in the furnace cavity reaches a preset temperature, closing the air inlet regulating valve and the air draft fan to ensure that the biomass is subjected to anaerobic combustion for a preset time;
spraying water into the furnace chamber to extinguish the fire.
The device for in-situ biomass carbonization provided by the embodiment of the invention can convert biomass into biochar in situ, reduce the transportation cost of biomass and reduce the production cost of biochar; because the smoke is recycled in the production process, the smoke diffusion in the carbonization process is avoided, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an in-situ biomass char formation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an in-situ biomass char formation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure at B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an FTIR spectrum of the biochar RSC350 provided by embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an FTIR spectrum of biochar RSC450 provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an FTIR spectrum of biochar ZC400 provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a bar graph of available cadmium content in soil after various biochar treatments provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a bar graph of cadmium content in the aerial parts of rape treated with different biochar according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a bar graph of biomass of aerial parts of rape after different biochar treatments according to the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
10. a combustion furnace; 11. a thermal insulation layer; 20. a furnace cover; 31. an air draft fan; 32. a smoke exhaust pipe; 33. an air inlet pipe; 34. an air return pipe; 35. an air inlet regulating valve; 36. a smoke collecting hood; 37. a support; 38. a bellows; 41. a water inlet pipe; 42. a shower head; 43. a movable flat car; 44. an electric cabinet; 45. and (4) a storage battery.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The in-situ biomass coking device and the use method of the embodiment of the invention are described in conjunction with fig. 1-10.
Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of an in-situ biomass char formation device, as shown in fig. 1, the in-situ biomass char formation device comprising: the biomass burning furnace comprises a burning furnace 10, a furnace cover 20, a water spraying device and a flue gas circulating device, wherein a furnace chamber is formed inside the burning furnace 10, an upper port is formed at the top of the burning furnace 10, and a drawing ash box is arranged at the lower part of the burning furnace 10 and is used for supporting a fire source to ignite biomass and collecting pyroligneous liquor. In order to improve the sealing performance of the combustion furnace 10, a sealing cover is arranged on the periphery of the drawing ash box, a heat-resistant sealing ring is arranged on the sealing cover, and the drawing ash box and the combustion furnace 10 are locked through a lock catch to prevent smoke from emerging.
The furnace cover 20 covers the upper end opening of the combustion furnace 10, and the furnace cover 20 and the combustion furnace 10 form a closed space to provide a place for anaerobic combustion of biomass.
Further, a heat insulation layer 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace chamber, the heat insulation layer 11 is made of heat insulation materials, and the thickness of the inner wall of the furnace chamber is 4-8cm, preferably 5 cm. The heat insulation layer 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace chamber, so that the heat insulation effect of the combustion furnace 10 can be improved, heat loss is reduced, and the combustion efficiency of biomass is improved.
The biomass may be agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, vegetable stalk or weed, or garden waste such as leaves, branches, etc., which is not limited in the present application.
Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic side view of an in-situ biomass char formation device, and as shown in fig. 2, a flue gas circulation device is used for mixing flue gas at the upper part of a furnace chamber with outside air and then conveying the mixed flue gas to the lower part of the furnace chamber. The smoke circulating device comprises an exhaust fan 31, a smoke exhaust pipe 32, an air inlet pipe 33, an air return pipe 34 and an air inlet adjusting valve 35, an air outlet port is formed in the furnace cover 20, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe 32 is communicated with the air outlet port, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the exhaust fan 31. One end of the air inlet pipe 33 is communicated with the smoke exhaust pipe 32, and outside air can enter the smoke exhaust pipe 32 through the air inlet pipe 33. The lower part of the combustion furnace 10 is provided with a gas return port, the gas return port is communicated with one end of a gas return pipe 34, and the other end of the gas return pipe 34 is communicated with a gas outlet of the air draft fan 31. When the exhaust fan 31 works, smoke enters the smoke exhaust pipe 32 after coming out from the air outlet port, meanwhile, outside air enters the smoke exhaust pipe 32 through the air inlet pipe 33, the outside air is mixed with the smoke, and finally, the mixture is conveyed into the furnace chamber through the air return port, the oxygen concentration entering the furnace chamber is adjusted through the exhaust fan 31 and the air inlet adjusting valve 35, and then the temperature in the furnace chamber is controlled. After the smoke enters the air return pipe 34, the wood vinegar vapor in the smoke is liquefied and converted into wood vinegar liquid when meeting cold, and the wood vinegar liquid finally enters the drawing ash box for collection. Meanwhile, a small amount of oxygen in the flue gas can be reused, so that the flue gas is prevented from entering the outside air to cause environmental pollution.
Further, a bracket 37 may be provided to fix the extractor fan 31 for easy mounting and dismounting. One end of the return air pipe 34 is connected to the return air port by a corrugated pipe 38, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe 32 is connected to the air inlet of the suction fan 31 by a corrugated pipe 38.
Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 2. as shown in fig. 3, the water spraying device is used for spraying water into the furnace chamber to extinguish the biomass burned in the furnace chamber under oxygen deficiency. The water spraying device comprises a water inlet pipe 41 and a spray header 42, wherein the water inlet pipe 41 penetrates through the furnace cover 20, the spray header 42 is communicated with the lower end of the water inlet pipe 41, and the upper end of the water inlet pipe 41 is communicated with a water pump or is connected with a water pipe.
Further, fig. 4 illustrates a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram at B in fig. 3, as shown in fig. 4, the water inlet pipe 41 may be disposed in the air outlet, the water inlet pipe 41 is disposed coaxially with the air outlet, and an annular gap between the water inlet pipe 41 and the air outlet is used as a smoke evacuation channel. The lower end of the water inlet pipe 41 extends downward so that the shower head 42 protrudes from the air outlet port, ensuring that a large water spray surface can be formed when the shower head 42 sprays water.
In order to realize automatic control, the water pump can be electrically connected with the electric control box 44, or an electric control valve electrically connected with the electric control box 44 is arranged on the water pipe, and the water inlet time and the water inlet quantity are automatically controlled through the electric control box 44, so that automatic control is realized, and errors caused by manual control operation are avoided.
The device for in-situ biomass carbonization provided by the embodiment of the invention can convert biomass into biochar in situ, reduce the transportation cost of biomass and reduce the production cost of biochar; because the smoke is recycled in the production process, the smoke diffusion in the carbonization process is avoided, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas circulation device in this embodiment further includes a smoke collection hood 36, and the smoke collection hood 36 is disposed at the other end of the intake duct 33 and above the exhaust fan 31. The fume collecting hood 36 is in a horn shape with a large lower part and a small upper part, and the design is favorable for collecting fume. After the air inlet adjusting valve 35 is opened, a low-pressure area is formed near the lower port of the smoke collecting hood 36, a small amount of smoke emitted from the exhaust fan 31 can be sucked by the smoke collecting hood 36, and finally enters the furnace cavity through the air return port to circulate, so that the smoke is prevented from entering the outside air, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Further, the char formation device of the embodiment further comprises a movable flat car 43, an electric cabinet 44 and a plurality of temperature probes, casters are arranged at the bottom of the movable flat car 43, the combustion furnace 10 is arranged on the movable flat car 43, and the combustion furnace 10 is fixed on the movable flat car 43 through fasteners, which can facilitate the installation and the disassembly of the combustion furnace 10. The movable cart 43 allows easy movement of the in situ char formation unit between different locations where waste is generated, further enhancing the maneuverability of the unit. Through the collection time and the collection place of living beings difference, the flexible on-the-spot charring that carries on reduces cost of transportation and discarded object backlog time, more accords with the actual need in garden, is accepted and is promoted more easily. The electric cabinet 44 is respectively electrically connected with the air draft fan 31 and the plurality of temperature probes, and the electric cabinet 44 is provided with a display screen which can accurately display the temperature in the furnace cavity. The plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the inner wall of the furnace chamber at different heights, the number of the temperature probes in the embodiment is two, and the two temperature probes are respectively positioned at 1/4 and 3/4 away from the height of the furnace cover 20.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the char-forming device in this embodiment further comprises a storage battery 45, the storage battery 45 is disposed on the movable flat car 43, and the storage battery 45 is electrically connected with the electric cabinet 44. The storage battery 45 is an alternative power supply mode, when the device is used in a scene with commercial power, the commercial power can be used for supplying power to the carbon forming device, and the storage battery 45 can be used for supplying power to the carbon forming device in a scene without the commercial power, so that the field on-site carbon forming of agricultural and forestry waste is really realized. Further, in the present embodiment, the furnace cover 20 is detachably connected to the combustion furnace 10 by a locking assembly, and a gap between the furnace cover 20 and the combustion furnace 10 is sealed by a heat-resistant sealing ring.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the condensing device is arranged in the air return pipe, and the flue gas is contacted with the condensing device after entering the air return pipe and then converted into the pyroligneous liquor. The on-site carbonizing device can generate biological carbon and wood vinegar for killing plant diseases and insect pests, so that economic benefit is improved. The on-site carbon forming device of the embodiment can be used for on-site carbon forming of agricultural and forestry wastes and garden wastes and returning the agricultural and forestry wastes and the garden wastes to the field, avoids smoke pollution, reduces the collection and transportation links, saves energy consumption and economic cost, better meets the actual needs of agricultural production and garden management and protection, and is easier to be accepted and used by front-line workers engaged in agricultural production and garden management and protection.
The invention also provides a using method of the biomass in-situ charring device, which comprises the following steps:
step S10, putting biomass into the furnace cavity, covering the furnace cover 20 on the upper port of the combustion furnace 10, and opening the exhaust fan 31;
need open bell 20 before putting into living beings, fill into the furnace intracavity and compaction with dry straw, fit the last port of burning furnace 10 with bell 20 lid, through hasp subassembly locking bell 20, avoid the flue gas to reveal, open exhaust fan 31 at last.
Step S20, igniting the biomass in the furnace chamber, and opening the air inlet regulating valve 35;
before the biomass is ignited, the pull ash box needs to be opened, the ignited candle is placed in the pull ash box, then the pull ash box is pushed into the furnace cavity, the biomass in the furnace cavity is ignited, and the air inlet regulating valve 35 is opened, so that the outside air and the flue gas are mixed and then enter the furnace cavity through the air return port.
Step S30, after the temperature in the furnace chamber reaches a preset temperature, closing the air inlet regulating valve 35 and the air draft fan 31 to enable the biomass to be burnt anaerobically for a preset time;
in the biomass combustion process in the furnace chamber, the oxygen concentration entering the furnace chamber can be adjusted by the exhaust fan 31 and the air inlet adjusting valve 35, and the temperature in the furnace chamber is further controlled. After the electric cabinet 44 displays that the temperature in the furnace cavity reaches the preset temperature, the air inlet regulating valve 35 and the air draft fan 31 are closed, the preset temperature in this embodiment is 300-500 ℃, and the preset temperature can be the detection temperature of any one temperature probe or the average value of the detection temperatures of the two temperature probes. After the air inlet adjusting valve 35 and the exhaust fan 31 are closed, the biomass needs to be subjected to anaerobic combustion for a preset time, and the preset time is 1h-3h in the embodiment.
And step S40, spraying water into the furnace chamber to extinguish the fire.
After the biomass finishes anaerobic combustion, the spray header 42 sprays water into the furnace chamber to extinguish fire, after the temperature in the furnace chamber is reduced to room temperature, the biochar is taken out by opening the cover, the drawing ash box is drawn out, and the pyroligneous liquid in the drawing ash box is taken out.
The on-site carbon forming device can be used for on-site carbon forming of agricultural and forestry wastes and garden wastes and returning the agricultural and forestry wastes and garden wastes to the field, so that the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission and economic cost in the middle of collection, transportation and other links are reduced, the sustainable utilization of farmland soil is realized, and sustainable agriculture is developed; moreover, as the biochar contains a plurality of available nutrients, the fertilizer input can be saved to a great extent, and in addition, the biochar can promote the breeding of soil beneficial flora, reduce soil diseases and reduce pesticide application; the biochar is also a porous load material of the slow and controlled release fertilizer, and can be used for producing the slow and controlled release fertilizer.
In order to produce biochar with different properties, the invention also provides three different using methods of the device for in-situ biomass char formation, as the properties of the biochar are influenced by raw materials, pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time.
A method for generating biochar RSC450(450 ℃ rice straw charcoal) comprises the following steps: filling dry rice straws into the furnace cavity and compacting the rice straws, covering the upper end opening of the combustion furnace with the furnace cover, locking the furnace cover through the lock catch assembly, and opening the exhaust fan. And opening the drawing ash box, putting the candle in the drawing ash box, pushing the drawing ash box into the furnace cavity, igniting the biomass in the furnace cavity, opening the air inlet regulating valve, and closing the air inlet valve and the air exhaust fan when the temperature of the combustion chamber displayed by the electric cabinet rises to 450 ℃. And after the biomass charcoal is subjected to closed anaerobic combustion for 1.5 hours at the temperature, spraying water into the furnace chamber for half a minute through a spray header to extinguish the fire, opening the cover to take out the biomass charcoal, drawing out the drawing ash box, and taking out pyroligneous liquor in the drawing ash box to obtain the biomass charcoal RSC 450.
A method for generating biochar RSC350 (rice straw charcoal at 350 ℃) comprises the following steps: dry rice straws are filled into the furnace cavity and compacted, the upper end opening of the combustion furnace is covered by the furnace cover, the furnace cover is locked through the lock catch component, and the exhaust fan is opened. And opening the drawing ash box, putting the candle in the drawing ash box, pushing the drawing ash box into the furnace cavity, igniting the biomass in the furnace cavity, opening the air inlet regulating valve, and closing the air inlet valve and the air exhaust fan when the temperature of the combustion chamber displayed by the electric cabinet rises to 350 ℃. And after 2 hours of closed anaerobic combustion at the temperature, spraying water into the furnace chamber for half a minute through a spray header to extinguish the fire, opening the cover to take out the biochar, drawing out the drawing ash box, and taking out pyroligneous in the drawing ash box to obtain the biochar RSC 350.
The method for generating biochar ZC400 (grass peat at 400 ℃) comprises the following steps: filling dry weeds into a furnace cavity and compacting the weeds, covering the upper end opening of the combustion furnace with a furnace cover, locking the furnace cover through a locking assembly, and opening an air draft fan. And opening the drawing ash box, putting the candle in the drawing ash box, pushing the drawing ash box into the furnace cavity, igniting the biomass in the furnace cavity, opening the air inlet regulating valve, and closing the air inlet valve and the air exhaust fan when the temperature of the combustion chamber displayed by the electric cabinet rises to 400 ℃. And after the biomass is subjected to closed anaerobic combustion for 1.5 hours at the temperature, spraying water into the furnace chamber for half a minute through a spray header to extinguish the fire, opening the cover to take out the biomass, drawing out the drawing ash box, and taking out pyroligneous liquor in the drawing ash box to obtain the biomass ZC 400.
The invention also provides a method for verifying the effect of the biochar, which comprises the following steps:
by BET-N2The method is used for measuring the specific surface area of the biochar and measuring different biochar surface functional groups by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. As shown in fig. 5, 6, 7, fig. 5 illustrates FTIR spectra of the biochar RSC350, and fig. 6 illustratesAn FTIR spectrum of biocoke RSC450 is illustrated, and fig. 7 illustrates an FTIR spectrum of biocoke ZC 400.
The contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic carbon and the like in different biochar were measured as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of different biochar
Figure BDA0002733765010000101
Plant cultivation: the rape variety is No. 3 spring oil, rape seeds are sown in prepared in-situ polluted soil, 8 plants are planted in each pot, and 2 plants are thinned after 1 week. The test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse.
And (3) test treatment: grinding the three biochar of RSC350, RSC450 and ZC400 in the three embodiments, sieving the ground biochar with a 2mm sieve, applying the biochar and a base fertilizer into soil according to the addition amount of 4 percent (mass ratio), uniformly mixing the biochar and the base fertilizer, filling the mixture into pots, irrigating 500g of soil in each pot by using deionized water to keep the water content of the soil to be 70 percent of the field water capacity, and aging for 4 weeks. The base fertilizer comprises the following components: 200mg N (Ca (NO)3)24H2O)、180mg P(KH2PO4)、60mg Mg(MgSO4 7H2O)/kg dry weight of soil. Plants were harvested after 6 weeks of soil growth. Shearing the overground part at the position close to the soil surface, cleaning, drying at 70 ℃ for 48h, and weighing. After the plants are harvested, the soil is air-dried and sieved by a 2mm sieve for later use.
After the dried plant sample is crushed, weighing 0.1-0.2g of sample, performing microwave digestion by using 2mL of concentrated nitric acid, and performing constant volume by using ultrapure water. DTPA (1:5) extracts cadmium from the soil. Cadmium in the digestion solution and the extracting solution is measured by ICP-MS.
Fig. 8 illustrates a bar graph of the available cadmium content in the soil after different biochar treatments, as shown in fig. 8, the DTPA extracted cadmium (available cadmium) content in the soil was significantly reduced by 45% -56% compared to the control after the biochar treatment.
Fig. 9 illustrates a bar graph of cadmium content in the overground parts of the rapes after different biochar treatments, as shown in fig. 9, the biochar treatments significantly reduced the cadmium content in the overground parts of the rapes by 33% -47%. Wherein, the RSC450 treatment has the greatest effect of reducing the effective cadmium content of the soil and the cadmium content in the rape body.
Fig. 10 illustrates a bar chart of biomass of the overground parts of the rapes after different biochar treatments, and as shown in fig. 10, the biomass of the overground parts of the rapes is increased remarkably after different biochar treatments are added, the maximum biomass is increased by 19%, and the biomass of the rapes treated by different biochar treatments has no remarkable difference.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An in situ biomass char-forming device, wherein the char-forming device comprises:
the top of the combustion furnace is provided with an upper port;
the furnace cover covers the upper port of the combustion furnace;
the water spraying device is communicated with the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace and is used for spraying water into the furnace chamber;
the flue gas circulating device is communicated with the furnace chamber and is used for mixing flue gas at the upper part of the furnace chamber with outside air and then conveying the mixture to the lower part of the furnace chamber;
the smoke circulating device comprises an exhaust fan, a smoke exhaust pipe, an air inlet pipe, an air return pipe and an air inlet regulating valve, an air outlet port is formed in the furnace cover, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the air outlet port, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the exhaust fan; one end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the smoke exhaust pipe; the lower part of the combustion furnace is provided with an air return port, and the other end of the air return pipe is communicated with an air outlet of the air draft fan; one end of the air return pipe is connected with the air return port by a corrugated pipe; and a condensing device is arranged in the air return pipe.
2. The on-site biomass carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas circulating apparatus further includes a fume collecting hood disposed at the other end of the intake duct and above the exhaust fan.
3. The in-situ biomass coking device according to claim 2, wherein the water spraying device comprises a water inlet pipe and a spray header, the water inlet pipe penetrates through the furnace cover, and the spray header is communicated with the lower end of the water inlet pipe.
4. The on-site biomass char-forming device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the char-forming device further comprises a movable flat car, and the combustion furnace is disposed on the movable flat car.
5. The on-site biomass carbonizing device of claim 4, further comprising an electric cabinet and a plurality of temperature probes, wherein the plurality of temperature probes are arranged on an inner wall of the furnace chamber, and the electric cabinet is electrically connected with the air draft fan and the plurality of temperature probes respectively.
6. The on-site biomass carbonizing apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a storage battery disposed on the movable flat car, the storage battery being electrically connected to the electric control box.
7. The in-situ biomass coking device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the inner wall of the furnace chamber is provided with a heat insulation layer.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the furnace cover is detachably connected to the burner by a locking assembly, and a gap between the furnace cover and the burner is sealed by a heat-resistant sealing ring.
9. The use method of the in-situ biomass char forming device is based on the in-situ biomass char forming device and is characterized in that the char forming device comprises a combustion furnace, a furnace cover, a water spraying device and a flue gas circulating device, wherein the top of the combustion furnace is provided with an upper port, the furnace cover covers the upper port of the combustion furnace, and the water spraying device is communicated with a furnace chamber of the combustion furnace and is used for spraying water into the furnace chamber; the flue gas circulating device is communicated with the furnace chamber and is used for mixing flue gas at the upper part of the furnace chamber with outside air and then conveying the mixture to the lower part of the furnace chamber; the smoke circulating device comprises an exhaust fan, a smoke exhaust pipe, an air inlet pipe, an air return pipe and an air inlet regulating valve, an air outlet port is formed in the furnace cover, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with the air outlet port, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the exhaust fan; one end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the smoke exhaust pipe; the lower part of the combustion furnace is provided with an air return port, and the other end of the air return pipe is communicated with an air outlet of the air draft fan; one end of the air return pipe is connected with the air return port by a corrugated pipe; a condensing device is arranged in the air return pipe;
the using method comprises the following steps:
putting biomass into a furnace cavity, covering a furnace cover on an upper end opening of a combustion furnace, and opening an air exhaust fan;
igniting the biomass in the furnace cavity and opening the air inlet regulating valve;
after the temperature in the furnace cavity reaches a preset temperature, closing the air inlet regulating valve and the air draft fan to ensure that the biomass is anaerobically combusted for a preset time;
spraying water into the furnace chamber to extinguish the fire.
CN202011126463.4A 2020-10-20 2020-10-20 Device for in-situ carbonization of biomass and using method Active CN112265976B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011162185A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 Biomass carbonization device and biomass carbonization method
CN105038820A (en) * 2015-07-14 2015-11-11 河南农业大学 Novel carbonization furnace for producing charcoal
CN204752607U (en) * 2015-07-14 2015-11-11 顾立锋 Portable living beings retort
CN204824710U (en) * 2015-07-14 2015-12-02 河南农业大学 Remove portable retort
CN205223106U (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-11 陈统宪 Straw carbonizing apparatus
CN107216892A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-09-29 山东瀚民生物科技有限公司 A kind of temperature automatically controlled compound-heating charcoal production equipment and process
CN109022005A (en) * 2018-10-12 2018-12-18 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 A kind of continuous biomass charing device and production method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011162185A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 Biomass carbonization device and biomass carbonization method
CN105038820A (en) * 2015-07-14 2015-11-11 河南农业大学 Novel carbonization furnace for producing charcoal
CN204752607U (en) * 2015-07-14 2015-11-11 顾立锋 Portable living beings retort
CN204824710U (en) * 2015-07-14 2015-12-02 河南农业大学 Remove portable retort
CN205223106U (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-11 陈统宪 Straw carbonizing apparatus
CN107216892A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-09-29 山东瀚民生物科技有限公司 A kind of temperature automatically controlled compound-heating charcoal production equipment and process
CN109022005A (en) * 2018-10-12 2018-12-18 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 A kind of continuous biomass charing device and production method

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