CN112253192B - Coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method - Google Patents
Coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112253192B CN112253192B CN202011218298.5A CN202011218298A CN112253192B CN 112253192 B CN112253192 B CN 112253192B CN 202011218298 A CN202011218298 A CN 202011218298A CN 112253192 B CN112253192 B CN 112253192B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D19/00—Provisional protective covers for working space
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical application field of coal mine excavation equipment, and particularly relates to a coal roadway multi-dimensional and cooperative supporting method. Comprises the following steps. S100, dividing the whole roadway into two sections, namely a fast excavation process test section I and a fast excavation section II. S200, continuously dividing in a fast digging process test section I, and dividing a top plate into: a roof temporary supporting area, a roof anchoring area of the tunneling and anchoring machine and a roof anchoring area of the anchor transporting machine; divide two sides into: the system comprises a blank side area, an anchor driving and anchoring machine lane side anchoring and protecting area, an anchor transporting and anchoring machine lane side anchoring and protecting area and a lane side artificial anchoring and protecting area. S300, performing roadway grouping monitoring while tunneling in the fast tunneling process test section I. S400, analyzing the surrounding rock monitoring data. S500, deformation matching of the anchor rod and the anchor cable. S600, dynamically matching the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor cable. S700-performing rapid tunneling circular operation. The invention has wide application range and high practical value, and is a supporting process method which is safe and reliable in a fast excavation system, reasonable in process and clear in mine pressure rule.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical application field of coal mine excavation equipment, and particularly relates to a coal roadway multi-dimensional and cooperative supporting method.
Background
In 2019, more than 1200 large coal mines of 120 million tons and more are built in China, wherein in the place of a million-ton coal mine 44, the yield of raw coal is increased from 6.2 million tons in 1978 to 37.5 million tons in 2019 by 5 times in the building, reconstruction and extension of the million-ton coal mine 35. With the continuous construction and production of large-scale and intelligent mines and the continuous increase of production capacity, higher requirements are put forward on the tunneling speed, the tunneling quality, the tunneling mechanization degree and the tunneling intelligence degree. Relevant data show that in 2018, the length of a newly excavated tunnel of a coal mine in China is about 12000 km/year, and the excavation length is globally the first. However, in the context of such huge roadway driving scales, the face ratio is still maintained at 1: about 3.1; the tunneling mechanization degree is improved from 14.5% in 1978 to 54.1%, and is increased by only 2.7 times. Therefore, compared with the development of coal mining technology and equipment, the development of tunneling technology equipment and technology is slow, the imbalance of the mining proportion is becoming a main factor which puzzles the high yield and high efficiency of coal mines in China, and large-scale mines have urgent needs for rapid tunneling of roadways.
Currently, the mechanized coal roadway tunneling process mainly includes 3 types: the method comprises a comprehensive mechanical tunneling process of a tunneling machine, a continuous coal mining machine-anchor rod drill carriage double-roadway tunneling process and a tunneling-anchoring integrated rapid tunneling process. The core equipment of the tunneling-anchoring integrated rapid tunneling process is a tunneling-anchoring integrated machine, an anchor rod transfer unit or a straddle type anchor rod drilling machine, has obvious advantages in large-section and long-distance single-lane tunneling and represents the highest technical level at home and abroad. At present, under the big background of the great force of intelligent mine construction in domestic coal mines, mining areas with different geological conditions in China, such as Shendong mining areas with the best occurrence of coal seam geology, Yulin with middle upper bias and other northern mining areas in Shanxi, Yili mining areas in Xinjiang, Guanzhong mining areas or Shuihi mining areas with middle conditions, domestic tunneling and anchoring machines are used or are introduced, and the domestic single-heading best result of 3088 m/month is obtained under the best condition of the Shendong mining areas.
The development of the tunneling and anchoring all-in-one machine and the subsequent supporting equipment can meet the tunneling requirements of most of tunnel excavation equipment with different geological conditions and production conditions, the adaptable space-to-head distance can be reduced to be within 1m, various individualized anchoring and protecting equipment and transportation equipment appear, the mechanization requirements of all links in the tunneling process are guaranteed, however, the process cooperation of all links is needed, the single cycle time is shortened, parallel operation of all procedures is realized as far as possible, real-time monitoring and early warning are realized after anchoring and protecting, and the like, so that the multi-dimensional and cooperative supporting method is needed to guide and improve the supporting efficiency of the complete equipment of the tunneling and anchoring all-in-one machine in an all-around way.
Disclosure of Invention
The multi-row multi-arm sectional parallel support is realized by using the existing advanced tunneling and anchoring equipment such as a tunneling and anchoring integrated machine, an anchor rod transfer unit and the like, a strong anchor rod support is adopted at the head to control the top plate, and a permanent support is synchronously enhanced at the rear part, so that a cooperative support system with the front part being sparse and the rear part being dense and quickly pushed is formed. The problems that the existing coal roadway rapid tunneling equipment and process lack a process optimization method and criterion, the rapid tunneling potential is further excavated, and the productivity is released are solved; the problem that monitoring and early warning of incoming pressure are lacked in the lagging support of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is solved; the problems of blindness of deformation matching and prestress matching of the anchor rod and the anchor cable are solved; the problem that the roadway driving construction, the surrounding rock monitoring and adjusting improvement process are mutually disconnected is solved. In particular to a coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a coal roadway multi-dimensional cooperative supporting method comprises the following steps.
S100, dividing the whole roadway into two sections, namely a fast excavation process test section I and a fast excavation section II, wherein the fast excavation process test section I is a section of roadway with the length of 50-100 m and is the beginning of a planned excavation roadway; the fast excavation section II is the designed whole length of the planned excavation roadway except the fast excavation process test section I and the rest roadway.
S200, continuously dividing in a fast digging process test section I, and dividing a top plate into: a roof temporary supporting area, a roof anchoring area of the tunneling and anchoring machine and a roof anchoring area of the anchor transporting machine; divide two sides into: the system comprises a blank side area, an anchor driving and anchoring machine lane side anchoring and protecting area, an anchor transporting and anchoring machine lane side anchoring and protecting area and a lane side artificial anchoring and protecting area.
S300, performing roadway grouping monitoring while tunneling in the fast tunneling process test section I.
S400, analyzing the surrounding rock monitoring data.
S500, deformation matching of the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
S600, dynamically matching the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
S700, rapid tunneling circulation operation: and (3) realizing rapid tunneling in the rapid tunneling section II according to the above, if the geological conditions are still similar to those of the process test section I, tunneling by adopting the above method, if the geological conditions are greatly changed, re-implementing the steps S100-S600, re-implementing rapid tunneling after exploring the tunneling and supporting rules of the rapid tunneling equipment under the new geological conditions, and circularly reciprocating until the tunneling of the roadway is finished.
In the step S200, the length of the top plate temporary support area is the maximum empty top distance or the minimum empty top distance from the beginning of the driving face to the end of the first row of anchor rods adjacent to the driving face, no permanent support exists in the range, and a temporary support of an anchor driving machine exists locally; the length of the anchor protection area of the top plate of the tunneling and anchoring machine is 7-11 m from the position of the cross section of the top plate, where the drill arm of the top plate of the tunneling and anchoring machine starts to anchor and protect the top plate, to the position of the cross section of the top plate, where the drill arm of the top plate of the anchor transporting machine starts to anchor and protect the top plate, and the anchor rod of the anchor protection part of the tunneling and anchoring machine is in the range; the length of the anchor protection area of the top plate of the anchor handling machine is 40-90 m from the position of the cross section of the top plate of the anchor handling machine, where the drill boom of the top plate starts to anchor and protect the top plate, to the position of the start of the test section of the fast digging process, and the anchor rods and the anchor cables in the range of the top plate are all anchored and protected according to the design requirements; the empty side area starts from the driving face and ends at the first row side anchor rod next to the driving face, and no permanent support exists in the range; the length of the anchoring area of the tunnel side of the tunneling and anchoring machine is usually 10-13 m from the position of the anchoring section where the side wall drilling arm of the tunneling and anchoring machine starts anchoring to the position of the anchoring section where the side wall drilling arm of the anchor transporting machine starts anchoring to the side wall, and the anchoring area of the anchoring section of the tunnel side of the tunneling and anchoring machine is within the side wall range; the length of the anchor carrying machine lane side anchoring area is 3-6 m from the position of the cross section of the side wall where the side wall drill boom of the anchor carrying machine starts anchoring to the position of the cross section of the anchor rod at the bottom of the side wall where the anchoring starts to be manually anchored, and the side anchor rod anchored by the anchor carrying machine is added on the basis of the original part of side anchor rods in the range of the top; the roadway side artificial anchoring area starts from the position of the cross section where the side is manually anchored, and ends at the starting position of the test section of the rapid excavation process, and the length of the roadway side artificial anchoring area is usually 30-80 m.
In the step S300, each group of monitoring is divided into a mine pressure monitoring station I and a mine pressure monitoring station II, the position of the mine pressure monitoring station I is an anchor protection position of a designed anchor rope in a roadway, the anchor rod supporting section of the mine pressure monitoring station II, which is positioned on one side of the mine pressure monitoring station I, which is close to a tunneling working surface, monitors the stress conditions of a round steel anchor rod in the middle of a top plate anchored and protected by an anchor tunneling machine, a left upper top glass steel anchor rod and a right upper top round steel anchor rod; when the roof of the tunneling and anchoring machine is anchored and protected, the surface displacement convergence amount of surrounding rocks, the roof separation layer displacement and speed and the wall displacement and speed are monitored, and after the tunnel roof enters the range of the roof anchoring and protecting area of the anchor transporting machine, the stress monitoring of the anchor cable is increased when the anchor transporting machine anchors and protects the anchor cable.
In the step S300, 2 surrounding rock surface displacement monitoring points are respectively arranged on trisection points of a roadway top plate, a roadway bottom plate and two sides on a section of a mine pressure monitoring station I, top plate separation instrument monitoring points are arranged at the middle position of the top plate, multi-point displacement meter monitoring points are arranged at the middle positions of the two sides, and anchor cable dynamometer monitoring points are arranged at the top anchor cable position; and anchor machine anchor protection top plates and two sides of the left side glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rods, the top plate round steel anchor rods and the right side round steel anchor rods of the mine pressure monitoring station II are arranged at anchor rod dynamometer monitoring points on the cross sections of the mine pressure monitoring station II.
And step S400, analyzing and sorting the data collected according to the monitoring points, taking the value of the same observed quantity on average, drawing a relation curve of the surrounding rock movement quantity, the surrounding rock stress, the roof and two side separation layer quantity and the distance to the tunneling working face, and analyzing whether the monitoring data has abnormal fluctuation or sharp point mutation to play a role in pressure arrival early warning in the whole tunneling process.
Step S500, measuring the corresponding extension lengths of all anchor rods and anchor cables which are actually adopted in the tunneling roadway within different axial tension force ranges in a laboratory, and recording the result into a standard comparison card; axial tension of the anchor cable and each anchor rod is respectively measured through an anchor cable dynamometer and an anchor rod dynamometer on a mine pressure monitoring station I and a mine pressure monitoring station II; the axial tension force of the left-side glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod, the top plate round steel anchor rod, the right-side round steel anchor rod and the anchor cable which are actually measured in the underground mode is compared with a standard card, the extension length of the anchor rod is obtained, in order to achieve an ideal supporting effect, the deformation capacity of each anchor rod and the anchor cable is matched, the extension rate or the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor cable behind the anchor protection area of the top plate and the roadway side of the anchor conveyor is adjusted, the supporting process is synchronously carried, the extension length difference of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is reduced, and the capacity of adapting to.
And step S600, judging the severe change period and the stable period of the deformation of the surrounding rock according to the monitoring values of the displacement convergence amount of the surface of the surrounding rock, the displacement and the speed of the separation layer of the top plate, the displacement and the speed of the side part and the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable after all supporting bodies of the roadway section are anchored. In a severe change period, according to actual conditions, the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 1.05-1.15 times of an original design value, the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 0.9-1.0 times of the original design value, in a surrounding rock deformation stable period, the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 0.9-1.0 times of the original design value, and the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 1.05-1.1 times of the original design value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is based on the existing mature fast digging equipment system, has wide application range and high practical value, and is a supporting process method which is safe and reliable in the fast digging system, reasonable in process and clear in mine pressure rule.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the roadway partition support of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of roadway segmentation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the arrangement of the measurement points of the joint monitoring scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view II of the point layout of the joint monitoring scheme of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-left side of the roadway; 2-a roadway roof; 3-right side of the roadway; 4-intersection line of the roadway top plate and the side part; 5-intersecting the roadway bottom plate and the side part; 6-digging anchor machine top plate drill arm position; 7-digging and bolting machine side wall drilling arm position; 8-the position of a drill boom of a top plate of the anchor transporting machine; 9-digging and bolting machine side wall drilling arm position; 10-a top plate temporary supporting area; 11-digging and anchoring machine top plate anchoring area; 12-anchor protection area of anchor handling machine top plate; 13-a blank upper area; 14-driving and anchoring machine lane side anchoring area; 15-carrying the anchor machine lane side anchor protecting area; 16-lane-side artificial anchoring area; 17-mine pressure monitoring station I; 18-mine pressure monitoring station II; 19-digging and anchoring machine; 20-digging and bolting machine side wall drill boom; 21-a top plate drill boom of the anchor driving machine; 22-anchor handling machine; 23-carrying anchor machine roof drill boom; 24-side wall drill booms of the anchor handling machine; 25-a flexible belt conveyor; 26-tunneling a working face; 27-top anchor cable; 28-anchor line dynamometer; 29-roof delamination apparatus; 30-surrounding rock surface displacement monitoring points; 31-a multipoint displacement meter; 32-left upper middle glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod; 33-round steel anchor rod on the top of the top plate; 34-round steel anchor rod on the top of right upper; 35-anchor dynamometer.
Detailed Description
A coal roadway multi-dimensional and cooperative supporting method comprises the following steps,
s100, dividing the whole roadway into two sections, namely a fast excavation process test section I and a fast excavation section II, wherein the fast excavation process test section I is a section of roadway with the length of 50-100 m and is the beginning of a planned excavation roadway; the fast excavation section II is the designed whole length of the planned excavation roadway except the fast excavation process test section I and the rest roadway;
s200, continuously dividing in a fast digging process test section I, and dividing a top plate into: a roof temporary supporting area 10, an anchor driving machine roof anchoring area 11 and an anchor transporting machine roof anchoring area 12; divide two sides into: an empty side area 13, an anchor driving machine lane side anchoring area 14, an anchor transporting machine lane side anchoring area 15 and a lane side artificial anchoring area 16; the roof temporary support area 10 starts from the tunneling working face 26 and ends at the first row of anchor rods close to the tunneling working face 26, the length is the maximum empty-top distance or the minimum empty-top distance, no permanent support exists in the range, and the temporary support is realized by the tunneling and anchoring machine 19 locally; the length of the roof anchor protecting area 11 of the driving and anchoring machine is 7 m-11 m from the position of the roof drill arm 21 of the driving and anchoring machine starting anchoring and protecting the cross section of the roof to the position of the roof drill arm 23 of the roof of the anchor transporting machine starting anchoring and protecting the cross section of the roof, and the anchor rods of the anchoring and anchoring machine 19 in the range of the roof; the length of the anchor handling machine top plate anchor protecting area 12 is 40 m-90 m from the position of the anchor handling machine top plate drill boom 23 starting to anchor and protect the cross section of the top plate to the position of the test section starting in the fast digging process, and the anchor rods and the anchor cables in the range of the top plate are all anchored and protected according to the design requirements; the blank upper area 13 starts from the driving face 26 and ends at the first row of anchor rods adjacent to the driving face 26, and no permanent support exists in the range; the length of the tunnel side anchoring area 14 of the driving and anchoring machine is usually 10 m-13 m from the position of the cross section where the side wall drilling arm 20 of the driving and anchoring machine starts anchoring to the position of the cross section where the side wall drilling arm 24 of the anchor transporting machine starts anchoring and protecting the side wall, and the anchoring machine 19 anchors part side anchor rods in the side wall range; the length of the anchor conveyor lane side anchoring area 15 is 3-6 m from the position of the cross section of the side wall where the anchor conveyor side wall drilling arm 24 starts to anchor and protect the side wall to the position of the cross section of the anchor rod at the bottom of the side wall where the anchor conveyor side wall drilling arm starts to anchor and protect manually, and the side anchor rods anchored and protected by the anchor conveyor are added on the basis of the original part of side anchor rods in the range of the top plate; the roadway side artificial anchoring area 16 is from the position of the cross section where the side wall is manually anchored to the beginning of the test section of the rapid excavation process, and the length is usually 30-80 m.
S300, performing grouped monitoring on the roadways while performing tunneling in the fast tunneling process test section I; each group of monitoring station comprises a mine pressure monitoring station I17 and a mine pressure monitoring station II18, the position of the mine pressure monitoring station I17 is an anchor cable anchoring and protecting position designed in a roadway, the anchor rod supporting section of the mine pressure monitoring station II18, which is positioned on one side, close to the tunneling working face 26, of the mine pressure monitoring station I17, and the stress conditions of a top plate middle round steel anchor rod 33, a left upper top glass steel anchor rod 32 and a right upper top round steel anchor rod 34 anchored and protected by an anchor driving machine are monitored; when the roof of the tunneling and anchoring machine is anchored in the anchor protection area 11, the convergence of the displacement of the surface of the surrounding rock, the displacement and the speed of the roof separation layer and the displacement and the speed of the side part are monitored, and after the top plate of the roadway enters the range of the anchor protection area 12 of the roof of the anchor transporting machine, the stress monitoring of the anchor cable is increased when the anchor transporting machine 22 anchors the anchor cable.
On the cross section of a mine pressure monitoring station I17, 2 surrounding rock surface displacement monitoring points 30 are respectively arranged on trisection points of a roadway top plate, a roadway bottom plate and two sides, a top plate separation instrument 29 monitoring point is arranged in the middle of the top plate, a multi-point displacement meter 31 monitoring point is arranged in the middle of the two sides, and an anchor cable dynamometer monitoring point 28 is arranged at the top anchor cable 27; and anchor force gauge 35 monitoring points are arranged at the positions of the left-side glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod 32, the top plate round steel anchor rod 33 and the right-side round steel anchor rod 34 of the two sides of the mining anchor protection top plate and the two sides of the mining anchor protection machine on the section of the mine pressure monitoring station II 18.
S400, analyzing surrounding rock monitoring data; according to data collected by surrounding rock surface displacement monitoring points, roof separation instrument monitoring points, two-side multipoint displacement meter monitoring points and anchor rod and anchor cable dynamometer monitoring points of a driving tunnel, analyzing and sorting are carried out, the same observed quantity is averaged to obtain values, a relation curve of surrounding rock movement quantity, surrounding rock stress, roof and two-side separation quantity and distance to a driving face is drawn, whether abnormal fluctuation or sharp point mutation exists in the analyzed and monitored data or not plays a role in early warning of pressure arrival in the whole driving process, corresponding measures are taken in time, and wall rock breakage and roof caving are prevented.
S500, deformation matching of the anchor rod and the anchor cable; measuring the corresponding extension lengths of all anchor rods and anchor cables which are actually adopted in the tunneling roadway within different axial tension force ranges in a laboratory, and recording the result into a standard comparison card; axial tension of the anchor cable and each anchor rod is respectively measured through the anchor cable dynamometer 28 and the anchor rod dynamometer 35 on the mine pressure monitoring station I17 and the mine pressure monitoring station II 18; the axial tension of the left side glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod 32, the top plate round steel anchor rod 33, the right side round steel anchor rod 34 and the anchor cable 27 which are actually measured in the underground are compared with a standard card to obtain the extension length of the anchor rod, so that the deformation capacity of each anchor rod and the anchor cable is matched to achieve an ideal supporting effect, the extension rate or the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor cable behind the top plate and roadway side anchoring area of the anchor conveyor is adjusted, the supporting process is synchronously carried, the extension length difference of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is reduced, and the capacity of adapting to surrounding rock deformation is greatly improved.
S600, dynamically matching the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor cable; after anchoring of all supporting bodies on the section of the roadway is finished, judging the severe change period and the stable period of the deformation of the surrounding rock according to the monitoring values of the displacement convergence amount of the surface of the surrounding rock, the displacement and the speed of a top plate separation layer, the displacement and the speed of the side part and the stress of an anchor rod and an anchor rope. In a severe change period, according to actual conditions, the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 1.05-1.15 times of an original design value, the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 0.9-1.0 times of the original design value, in a surrounding rock deformation stable period, the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 0.9-1.0 times of the original design value, and the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod is adjusted to be 1.05-1.1 times of the original design value.
S700, rapid tunneling circulation operation: and (3) realizing rapid tunneling in the rapid tunneling section II according to the above, if the geological conditions are still similar to those of the process test section I, tunneling by adopting the above method, if the geological conditions are greatly changed, re-implementing the steps S100-S600, re-implementing rapid tunneling after exploring the tunneling and supporting rules of the rapid tunneling equipment under the new geological conditions, and circularly reciprocating until the tunneling of the roadway is finished.
Claims (6)
1. A coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s100, dividing the whole roadway into two sections, namely a fast excavation process test section I and a fast excavation section II, wherein the fast excavation process test section I is a section of roadway with the length of 50-100 m and is the beginning of a planned excavation roadway; the fast excavation section II is the designed whole length of the planned excavation roadway except the fast excavation process test section I and the rest roadway;
s200, continuously dividing in a fast digging process test section I, and dividing a top plate into: a roof temporary supporting area (10), a roof anchoring area (11) of an excavating and bolting machine and a roof anchoring area (12) of an anchor transporting machine; divide two sides into: an empty side area (13), an anchor driving machine lane side anchoring area (14), an anchor transporting machine lane side anchoring area (15) and a lane side artificial anchoring area (16);
s300, performing grouped monitoring on the roadways while performing tunneling in the fast tunneling process test section I;
s400, analyzing surrounding rock monitoring data;
s500, deformation matching of the anchor rod and the anchor cable;
s500, measuring the corresponding extension lengths of all anchor rods and anchor cables which are actually adopted in the tunneling roadway within different axial tension force ranges in a laboratory, and recording the result into a standard comparison card; axial tension of the anchor cable and each anchor rod is respectively measured through an anchor cable dynamometer (28) and an anchor rod dynamometer (35) on a mine pressure monitoring station I (17) and a mine pressure monitoring station II (18); the method comprises the steps of comparing the axial tension force of a left-side glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod (32), a top plate round steel anchor rod (33), a right-side round steel anchor rod (34) and an anchor rope (27) which are measured in an underground manner with a standard comparison card to obtain the extension length of the anchor rod, matching the deformation capacity of each anchor rod and the deformation capacity of the anchor rope for achieving an ideal supporting effect, adjusting the extension rate or the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor rope behind a top plate and a roadway side anchoring area of an anchor conveyor, enabling the supporting process to be carried synchronously, reducing the extension length difference of the anchor rod and the anchor rope, and greatly improving the capacity;
s600, dynamically matching the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod and the anchor cable;
s700, rapid tunneling circulation operation: and (3) realizing rapid tunneling in the rapid tunneling section II according to the above, if the geological conditions are still similar to those of the rapid tunneling process test section I, tunneling by adopting the above method, if the geological conditions are greatly changed, re-implementing the steps S100-S600, re-implementing the rapid tunneling after exploring the tunneling and support rules of the rapid tunneling equipment under the new geological conditions, and circularly reciprocating until the tunneling of the roadway is finished.
2. The coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step S200, the roof temporary support area (10) starts from the tunneling working surface (26) and ends at the first row of anchor rods adjacent to the tunneling working surface (26), the length is the maximum empty-top distance or the minimum empty-top distance, no permanent support exists in the range, and a tunneling-anchoring machine (19) is used for temporary support locally; the length of the roof anchoring area (11) of the tunneling and anchoring machine is 7-11 m from the position of the roof drilling arm (21) of the tunneling and anchoring machine starting anchoring and protecting the cross section of the roof to the position of the roof drilling arm (23) of the anchor transporting machine starting anchoring and protecting the cross section of the roof, and part of anchor rods of the tunneling and anchoring machine (19) are anchored and protected in the range of the roof; the anchor protection area (12) of the top plate of the anchor handling machine starts from the position of the cross section of the top plate of the anchor handling machine from a drill boom (23) of the top plate of the anchor handling machine to the position of the start of the test section of the fast excavation process, the length is 40 m-90 m, and all anchor rods and anchor cables in the range of the top plate are anchored and protected according to the design requirement; the hollow side area (13) starts from the driving working surface (26) and ends at the first row side anchor rod next to the driving working surface (26), and no permanent support exists in the range; the tunnel side anchoring area (14) of the tunneling and anchoring machine starts from the position of the anchoring section where the side wall drilling arm (20) of the tunneling and anchoring machine starts to anchor and is ended from the position of the anchoring section where the side wall drilling arm (24) of the anchor transporting machine starts to anchor and protect the side wall, the length is usually 10 m-13 m, and part of side wall anchor rods are anchored and protected by the tunneling and anchoring machine (19) in the side wall range; the length of an anchor conveyor lane side anchoring area (15) is 3-6 m from the position of the cross section of the side wall where an anchor conveyor side wall drilling arm (24) starts anchoring and protecting the side wall to the position of the cross section of an anchor rod at the bottom of the side wall where anchoring and protecting are started manually, and the side anchor rods anchored and protected by the anchor conveyor are added on the basis of the original part of side anchor rods in the range of the top plate; the roadway side artificial anchoring area (16) starts from the position of the cross section where the side wall is manually anchored and protected, and ends at the position of the start of the test section of the rapid excavation process, and the length is usually 30-80 m.
3. The coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in the step S300, each group of monitoring is divided into a mine pressure monitoring station I (17) and a mine pressure monitoring station II (18), the position of the mine pressure monitoring station I (17) is an anchor cable anchoring position designed in a roadway, an anchor rod supporting section of the mine pressure monitoring station II (18) which is positioned on one side, close to a tunneling working surface (26), of the mine pressure monitoring station I (17) monitors stress conditions of a top plate round steel anchor rod (33), a left side glass steel anchor rod (32) and a right side round steel anchor rod (34) anchored by the tunneling machine; when a roof plate anchoring area (11) of the tunneling and anchoring machine is used, the surface displacement convergence amount of surrounding rocks, the roof separation layer displacement and speed and the wall displacement and speed are monitored, and after a tunnel roof enters the range of a roof plate anchoring area (12) of the anchor transporting machine, the stress monitoring of the anchor cable is increased when the anchor transporting machine (22) anchors the anchor cable.
4. The coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in the step S300, 2 surrounding rock surface displacement monitoring points (30) are respectively arranged on trisection points of a roadway top plate, a roadway bottom plate and two sides on a section of a mine pressure monitoring station I (17), a top plate separation instrument (29) monitoring point is arranged at the middle position of the top plate, a multi-point displacement meter (31) monitoring point is arranged at the middle position of the two sides, and an anchor cable dynamometer monitoring point is arranged at the top anchor cable (27) position; and anchor dynamometer (35) monitoring points are arranged at the positions of the left-side glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod (32), the top plate round steel anchor rod (33) and the right-side round steel anchor rod (34) of the two sides of the mining anchor protection top plate and the mining anchor protection machine on the section of the mine pressure monitoring station II (18).
5. The coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: and S400, analyzing and sorting the data collected according to the monitoring points, taking the average value of the same observed quantity, drawing a relation curve of the surrounding rock movement quantity, the surrounding rock stress, the roof and two side separation layer quantity and the distance to the tunneling working face, and analyzing whether the monitoring data has abnormal fluctuation or sharp point mutation to play a role in pressure arrival early warning for the whole tunneling process.
6. The coal roadway multidimensional and cooperative supporting method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: after anchoring of all supporting bodies on the roadway section is finished, judging the severe change period and the stable period of deformation of the surrounding rock according to the monitored values of the surface displacement convergence of the surrounding rock, the separation layer displacement and speed of the top plate, the displacement and speed of the wall part and the stress of the anchor rods and the anchor cables, and in the severe change period, adjusting the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod to be 1.05-1.15 times of the original design value according to the actual situation, adjusting the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod to be 0.9-1.0 times of the original design value, and adjusting the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod to be 0.9-1.0 times of the original design value and adjusting the pre-tightening force of each anchor rod to be 1.05-1.1 times of the original design value.
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