CN112251237A - 一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及蔬菜种植技术领域,特别公开了一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法。该改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,以栀子、贯众、胚芽、松茸、盐角草、金银花、地龙干、陈皮、富锌酵母、水蛭素、杜仲、硒酵母、海藻、红参、磷酸二氢钾、枳实、冬虫夏草、硫酸镁、椰蓉、甘草、沙参、花粉为原料经发酵、萃取、制粉制成。本发明原料易得,制备工艺简单,有效改善土壤结构,增加土壤中有效微生物的数量和活性,提高土壤镁含量,有利于蔬菜生长,增加产量,提高品质,适于广泛推广应用。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及蔬菜种植技术领域,特别涉及一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法。
(二)背景技术
随着人口、环境资源的矛盾日益突出,土壤酸化已成为影响农业生产和生态环境的重要因素。土壤酸化可破坏植物根的生理机能,导致根系死亡,还会降低土壤中磷、钙、镁的有效性,使这些元素的吸收率降低,对植物的生长带来一定的影响,为了对土壤中的养分进行补充,市面上销售的调节剂都是使用化学物质来进行调节,化学物质虽然对土壤的质量有一定的改善,但是残留在土壤内的化学物质不仅对土壤的质量产生一定的影响,而且残留的化学物质对环境会产生一定的污染。
蔬菜是指可以做菜、烹饪成为食品的一类植物或菌类,蔬菜是人们日常饮食中必不可少的食物之一,蔬菜可提供人体所必需额多种维生素和矿物质等营养物质,而蔬菜水果对于人类是不可少的食物,改变土壤物理状况,改变土壤团粒结构,增加土壤毛管孔隙、非毛管孔隙,减小土壤容重,增加土壤通气度,增加饱和到税率,保蓄水分,减少蒸发,有效提高降水利用率。如麦糠-锯屑-鸡粪复合改良剂、煤粉灰、沸石、膨润土等,可以改良盐碱地、吸附重金属,沸石、膨润土、蛭石等矿质改良剂可增加土壤中的阳离子。
现有的土壤改良剂存在着改良效果不明显、不能持久应用和作用时间短的问题。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种效果明显、应用作用时间长的改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,由以下重量份数的原料经发酵、萃取、制粉制成:栀子3-5份、贯众3-4份、胚芽10-15份、松茸5-8份、盐角草5-6份、金银花5-7份、地龙干4-5份、陈皮2-2.5份、富锌酵母0.03-0.05份、水蛭素4-5份、杜仲1-1.5份、硒酵母0.05-0.07份、海藻5-7份、红参3-4份、磷酸二氢钾1-2份、枳实5-6份、冬虫夏草1-2份、硫酸镁0.8-1.5份、椰蓉8-10份、甘草3-4份、沙参2-3份、花粉1-2份。
上述原料的优选重量配比为:
栀子4份、贯众3.5份、胚芽12份、松茸6份、盐角草5.5份、金银花6份、地龙干4.5份、陈皮2.2份、富锌酵母0.04份、水蛭素4.5份、杜仲1.2份、硒酵母0.06份、海藻6份、红参3.5份、磷酸二氢钾1.5份、枳实5.5份、冬虫夏草1.5份、硫酸镁1份、椰蓉9份、甘草3.5份、沙参2.5份、花粉1.5份。
本发明根据中国耕地土壤种植各种蔬菜情况以及蔬菜的种类分布情况,其根系部分易产生的各种有害菌群、病虫害情况,采用植物学中各种植物中含有有效成分相生相克、相辅助理论,对各种蔬菜根系土壤及生长因素进行改善。
本发明中,栀子主要含黄酮类栀子素、果胶、鞣质、藏红花素、藏红花酸、D-甘露醇、廿九烷、β-谷甾醇等,有抗微生物作用,入药具有护肝、利胆、降压、镇静、止血、消肿等作用。
贯众主要含绵马素、三叉蕨酚、黄三叉蕨酸、绵马次酸、挥发油、绵马鞣质等,其中所含绵马酸、黄绵马酸有较强的驱虫作用,对绦虫有强烈毒性,可使绦虫麻痹而排出,也有驱除钩虫、蛔虫等寄生虫的作用。入药具有清热解毒,凉血止血,杀虫的功效。
胚芽含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质及各种酵素、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质等。
松茸含有18种氨基酸、14种人体必需微量元素、49种活性营养物质、5种不饱和脂肪酸、8种维生素、2种糖蛋白、丰富的膳食纤维和多种活性酶,另含有3种珍贵的活性物质,分别是双链松茸多糖、松茸多肽和全世界独一无二的抗癌物质--松茸醇,是世界上最珍贵的天然药用菌类;具有提高免疫力、抗癌抗肿瘤、治疗糖尿病及心血管疾病、抗衰老养颜、促肠胃保肝脏等多种功效。
盐角草是藜科盐角草属一年生草本植物,其甘草含粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等成分,是一种重要的耐盐基因供体,可广泛应用于各种农作物和生态工程植物的耐盐性遗传工程改良工作。
金银花为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬的干燥花蕾或带初开的花,含有挥发油、木犀草素、肌醇、黄酮类、肌醇、皂苷、鞣质等,药用具有清热解毒、疏散风热的功效。
地龙干的蛋白质含量约占干重的53.5-65.1%,脂肪含量约为4.4-17.38%,碳水化合物约为11-17.4%,灰分7.8-23%;地龙干还含有丰富的维生素D,以及钙和磷等矿物质元素。地龙干内含有地龙素、地龙解毒素、黄嘌呤、抗组织胺和维生素B等多种药用成分。
陈皮含有挥发油、橙皮甙、维生素B、维生素C等成分,它所含的挥发油对胃肠道有温和刺激作用,可促进消化液的分泌,排除肠管内积气,增加食欲。入药具有通气的健脾、燥湿化痰、解腻留香、降逆止呕的功效。
富锌酵母的锌含量高达50000mg/kg左右,酵母锌的吸收利用率高达70%以上,补锌效果是传统补锌制剂的5-10倍,且消除了无机锌的副作用。
水蛭素是水蛭及其唾液腺中已提取出多种活性成分中活性最显著并且研究最多的一种成分,它是由65-66个氨基酸组成的小分子蛋白质,对凝血酶有极强的抑制作用,具有抗凝、抗血栓、抑制血小板聚集、降血脂、改善血液流变学、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。
杜仲含游离氨基酸极少,含有的少量蛋白质,是和绝大多数食品类似的完全蛋白,即能够水解检出对人体必需的8种氨基酸,其还含有锌、铜、铁等微量元素,及钙、磷、钾、镁等宏量元素;入药具有补益肝肾、强筋壮骨、调理冲任、固经安胎的功效。
硒酵母是一种有机态硒制剂,具生物利用度高、毒性低、疗效确切等优点,具有保护细胞膜完整性,清除自由基,加快脂质过氧化物分解、抗氧化、增强机体免疫功能、心肌功能等药理作用。
海藻为马尾藻科植物羊栖菜或海蒿子的全草,含有丰富的藻胶酸、粗蛋白和甘露醇,还含有灰分、钾、碘、马尾藻多糖等,入药具有软坚、消痰、利水、泄热等功效。
红参用于体虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,气不摄血,崩漏下血,心力衰竭,心原性休克;红参是参的熟用品,有大补元气,复脉固脱,益气摄血功效。
磷酸二氢钾产品广泛适用于各类型经济作物、粮食、瓜果、蔬菜等几乎全部类型的作物,具有显著增产增收、改量优化品质、抗倒伏、抗病虫害、防治早衰等许多优良作用,并且具有克服作物生长后期根系老化吸收能力下降而导致的营养不足的作用。
枳实为芸香科植物酸橙及其栽培变种或甜橙的干燥幼果,含有挥发油、黄酮苷等,入药具有破气消积、化痰散痞的功效。
冬虫夏草主要活性成分是虫草素,冬虫夏草功效主要有调节免疫系统功能、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、补肺益肾,止血化痰,秘精益气、美白祛黑等多种功效。
硫酸镁在农业中被用于一种肥料,因为镁是叶绿素的主要成分之一,通常被用于盆栽植物或缺镁的农作物。
椰蓉是椰丝和椰粉的混合物,其中含有糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素B族、维生素C及微量元素钾、镁等营养成分,具有补益脾胃、杀虫消疳的功效。
甘草主治清热解毒、祛痰止咳、脘腹等,具有抗炎、抗过敏、调和诸药的作用。
沙参中分离可得四个化合物,分别是β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、蒲公英赛酮及二十八碳酸,入药有滋补、祛寒热、清肺止咳,也有治疗心脾痛、头痛、妇女白带之效。
花粉中富含多种氨基酸、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、活性物质以及微量元素硒、磷脂、核酸等成分。能祛除各种色素斑点,有调节神经系统,促进睡眠,增强体质,改善肠胃功能,促进消化,增强食欲,防治习惯性便秘等功效。
上述多种原料相互作用,对种植土壤中存在的有害菌群抑制繁殖,使有益菌群得到修复,提高改善根系土壤的生态环境,改善蔬菜的抗逆性,使其具有较强的抗击灾害的免疫功能,提高蔬菜本身免疫植物激素的分泌,提高其化学与物理屏障。
上述植物发酵提取物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,置于发酵罐(3)向发酵罐中加水搅拌均匀,于37-43℃下发酵陈化21-25天;
(4)往发酵罐中加水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.5-2.0Pa·S,之后降温静置,过滤并水洗滤渣;
(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,研磨后喷雾制粉,得到产品。
本发明采用中温发酵、低温萃取、中温制粉的提取工艺,通过对各原料中有效成分的提取,使其组合作用于土壤对其改良,提高蔬菜的抗逆性,改善土壤的微生物环境,以适合蔬菜种植、生长,有效减少病原菌侵害,增加产量,提高品质。
优选的,步骤(2)中,各原料混合粉碎后过30-35目筛,其中,富锌酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入。
优选的,步骤(3)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的2.5-2.8倍。
优选的,步骤(4)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,之后降温至12-18℃并静置36h,后经80-100筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2-3次。
优选的,步骤(5)中,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为150-200目的糊状流体,之后在60-70℃下喷雾制粉。
本发明以胚芽、栀子、贯众、松茸和椰蓉为主要原料,配合富锌酵母、硒酵母和水蛭素,形成活性改良菌群,将从植物中提取出的大量的氨基酸、脂肪酸等转换为活性菌群的有效成分呢,针对性的改善土壤菌群环境,使其符合各种蔬菜的生长要求,促进蔬菜根部的生长发育,大幅度提高蔬菜的产量和品质。
本发明原料易得,制备工艺简单,有效改善土壤结构,增加土壤中有效微生物的数量和活性,提高土壤镁含量,有利于蔬菜生长,增加产量,提高品质,适于广泛推广应用。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明,以便于对本发明的理解,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,由如下重量配比的原料混合制成:
栀子3kg、贯众3kg、胚芽10kg、松茸5kg、盐角草5kg、金银花5kg、地龙干4kg、陈皮2kg、富锌酵母0.03kg、水蛭素4kg、杜仲1kg、硒酵母0.05kg、海藻5kg、红参3kg、磷酸二氢钾1kg、枳实5kg、冬虫夏草1kg、硫酸镁0.8kg、椰蓉8kg、甘草3kg、沙参2kg、花粉1kg。
制备方法如下:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取,按比例称重;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,过30目筛,置于发酵罐,其中富锌酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入;
(3)往发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的2.5倍,于37℃下发酵陈化25天,物料呈泥糊状,并伴有发面引的气味;
(4)往发酵罐中发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.50Pa·S,之后降温至12℃后静置36h,后经80目筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2次;
(5)合并过滤提取的发酵泥糊状液和洗涤液,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到流动性良好的、细度为150目的糊状流体,之后在60℃下喷雾制粉,得到产品。
应用试验:取本发明植物发酵提取物产品500g,加10公斤水溶解,置于喷雾器中,对一亩试验田土壤直接喷施,后按常规方式在土地上种植西红柿;对比试验为常规种植并正常施加复合肥、喷施农药的一亩西红柿田地。
试验结果:西红柿成熟后,从试验田和对比试验的西红柿田地中随机各摘取20棵西红柿的果实进行对比,施用本发明产品的试验田中的西红柿植株上果实更大,每颗植株两到十个以上西红柿果实;两田地果实称量,20棵西红柿植株结果对比:试验田中的西红柿果实重46.52kg,对比试验西红柿田地中的土豆果实重31.26kg,两者相差15.26kg,产量增长显著。
上述应用试验于山东省临沂市沂水县的西红柿种植基地内进行,真实性可查。
实施例2:一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,由如下重量配比的原料混合制成:
栀子5kg、贯众4kg、胚芽15kg、松茸8kg、盐角草6kg、金银花7kg、地龙干5kg、陈皮2.5kg、富锌酵母0.05kg、水蛭素5kg、杜仲1.5kg、硒酵母0.07kg、海藻7kg、红参4kg、磷酸二氢钾2kg、枳实6kg、冬虫夏草2kg、硫酸镁1.5kg、椰蓉10kg、甘草4kg、沙参3kg、花粉2kg。
制备方法如下:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取,按比例称重;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,过35目筛,置于发酵罐,其中富锌酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入;
(3)往发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的2.8倍,于43℃下发酵陈化21天,物料呈泥糊状,并伴有发面引的气味;
(4)往发酵罐中发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为2.0Pa·S,之后降温至18℃后静置36h,后经100目筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣3次;
(5)合并过滤提取的发酵泥糊状液和洗涤液,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到流动性良好的、细度为200目的糊状流体,之后在70℃下喷雾制粉,得到产品。
应用试验:选择同时种植的两亩小红辣椒田作为试验田和对比田,在种植辣椒1个月后,辣椒苗已发育完全时,取本发明植物发酵提取物产品500g,加10公斤水溶解,置于喷雾器中,对一亩试验田的辣椒苗直接喷施;对比田为常规管理、常规喷药及正常施加复合肥的一亩对比试验田。
试验结果:辣椒成熟后,分别对试验田和对比试验的辣椒田地进行收获,对比称量两亩地中的辣椒重量,试验田辣椒果实重量为1205kg,对比试验的辣椒田地果实重量为753kg,两者相差452kg,保守增值1300元/亩,本发明产品500g用量的成本为100元,增产增值效果明显,此处尚未计算未使用复合肥及农药的成本。
从品相上比较,施用本发明植物发酵提取物产品的辣椒苗交常规辣椒苗根茎粗壮,根茎直径为3-5cm,单株辣椒挂果多,辣椒果实肥厚、个大且无病害体现。
上述应用试验于山东省临沂市费县万亩辣椒种植基地内进行,真实性可查。
实施例3:一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,由如下重量配比的原料混合制成:
栀子4kg、贯众3.5kg、胚芽12kg、松茸6kg、盐角草5.5kg、金银花6kg、地龙干4.5kg、陈皮2.2kg、富锌酵母0.04kg、水蛭素4.5kg、杜仲1.2kg、硒酵母0.06kg、海藻6kg、红参3.5kg、磷酸二氢钾1.5kg、枳实5.5kg、冬虫夏草1.5kg、硫酸镁1kg、椰蓉9kg、甘草3.5kg、沙参2.5kg、花粉1.5kg。
制备方法如下:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取,按比例称重;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,过32目筛,置于发酵罐,其中富锌酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入;
(3)往发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的2.6倍,于40℃下发酵陈化23天,物料呈泥糊状,并伴有发面引的气味;
(4)往发酵罐中发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.8Pa·S,之后降温至15℃后静置36h,后经90目筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣3次;
(5)合并过滤提取的发酵泥糊状液和洗涤液,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到流动性良好的、细度为180目的糊状流体,之后在65℃下喷雾制粉,得到产品。
应用试验:取本发明植物发酵提取物产品500g,加10公斤水溶解,置于喷雾器中,对一亩试验田土壤直接喷施,后按常规方式在土地上种植有机菜花;对比试验为常规种植并正常施加复合肥、农药的一亩有机菜花田地。
试验结果:试验田菜花苗的长势较对比试验田的菜花苗快,且试验田的菜花苗叶片更为肥大,无枯萎/发黄现象;菜花成熟后,从试验田和对比试验的菜花田地中随机各摘取24棵菜花果实进行对比,施用本发明产品的试验田中的菜花个大均匀,单果均重2kg以上,且无虫害;两田地菜花称量,24棵菜花果实结果对比:试验田中的菜花重51.67kg,对比试验田地中的菜花重32.64kg,两者相差19.03kg。
本发明的植物发酵提取物有效改善蔬菜生长的土壤微生物环境,对土壤的营养物质进行充分利用,并使土壤环境不适于病原菌及害虫的生存,有效替代了常规种植中所需的复合肥及农药,同时增加土壤通透性,进而实现了增产增值的效果。
上述应用试验于山东省聊城市莘县蔬菜种植基地内进行,真实性可查。
在上述实施例中,对本发明的最佳实施方式做了描述,很显然,在本发明的发明构思下,仍可做出很多变化。在此,应该说明,在本发明的发明构思下所做出的任何改变都将落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料经发酵、萃取、制粉制成:栀子3-5份、贯众3-4份、胚芽10-15份、松茸5-8份、盐角草5-6份、金银花5-7份、地龙干4-5份、陈皮2-2.5份、富锌酵母0.03-0.05份、水蛭素4-5份、杜仲1-1.5份、硒酵母0.05-0.07份、海藻5-7份、红参3-4份、磷酸二氢钾1-2份、枳实5-6份、冬虫夏草1-2份、硫酸镁0.8-1.5份、椰蓉8-10份、甘草3-4份、沙参2-3份、花粉1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料经发酵、萃取、制粉制成:栀子4份、贯众3.5份、胚芽12份、松茸6份、盐角草5.5份、金银花6份、地龙干4.5份、陈皮2.2份、富锌酵母0.04份、水蛭素4.5份、杜仲1.2份、硒酵母0.06份、海藻6份、红参3.5份、磷酸二氢钾1.5份、枳实5.5份、冬虫夏草1.5份、硫酸镁1份、椰蓉9份、甘草3.5份、沙参2.5份、花粉1.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改良蔬菜土壤种植的植物发酵提取物的制备方法,其特征为,包括如下步骤:(1)对各原料进行择优选取;(2)将各原料混合粉碎,置于发酵罐;(3)向发酵罐中加水搅拌均匀,于37-43℃下发酵陈化21-25天;(4)往发酵罐中加水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.5-2.0Pa·S,之后降温静置,过滤并水洗滤渣;(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,研磨后喷雾制粉,得到产品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,各原料混合粉碎后过30-35目筛,其中,富锌酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的2.5-2.8倍。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,之后降温至12-18℃并静置36h,后经80-100筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2-3次。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为150-200目的糊状流体,之后在60-70℃下喷雾制粉。
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