CN112250519A - Preparation method and application of biological modified bentonite - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of biological modified bentonite Download PDFInfo
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- CN112250519A CN112250519A CN202011107197.0A CN202011107197A CN112250519A CN 112250519 A CN112250519 A CN 112250519A CN 202011107197 A CN202011107197 A CN 202011107197A CN 112250519 A CN112250519 A CN 112250519A
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- bentonite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization and environmental protection, and discloses a preparation method of biological modified bentonite; also discloses biological modified bentonite; also discloses the application of the biological modified bentonite in the field of soil treatment and restoration. The invention utilizes the mixed fermentation of the alkaline agricultural wastes, the kitchen wastes and the domestic wastewater, can convert the agricultural wastes, the kitchen wastes and the domestic wastewater into rich soil fertilizers by fermentation, also obtains the acidic fermentation water, can utilize the acidic fermentation water to carry out preliminary acid modification on the bentonite, and utilizes the biosurfactant in the fermentation solid to replace the traditional chemical surfactant to further modify the bentonite, further realizes the environmental friendliness, utilizes the ultrasonic waves to further promote the reaction of the fermentation solid and the bentonite, and utilizes the organic matters in the fermentation solid to organize the bentonite, thereby further improving the property, the function and the use value of the bentonite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization and environmental protection, in particular to a preparation method and application of biological modified bentonite.
Background
The bentonite has good expansibility, adsorptivity, cation exchange performance and larger internal and external specific surface areas, and can carry out interlayer compounding or insertion reaction with a plurality of object substances, so the bentonite is widely applied to industries such as chemical industry, petroleum, food, traffic, medicine, energy, military industry, environmental protection and the like, and is called as a universal material. In order to satisfy these industries and to improve the efficiency of bentonite use, it is essential to modify bentonite. The modification of the bentonite usually comprises the steps of treating the surface by physical, chemical, mechanical and other methods, purposefully changing the physical property and the chemical property of the mineral surface according to the application requirement to meet the application in different technologies and fields, and further improving the property, the function and the use value of the bentonite.
With scientific progress, agricultural fertilization technology tends to be more and more reasonable, but the soil hardening problem is more and more serious due to the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers, the water quality of soil is reduced, pollutants such as chemical pollutants, heavy metals and the like are more and more serious, the utilization rate of the soil fertilizer is reduced, the soil productivity is reduced, agricultural products and the environment are polluted to different degrees, and the sustainable development of agriculture is not facilitated. A large number of researches and practices show that the bentonite can absorb water and swell after being applied to soil, change the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in the soil, loosen the soil structure, improve the hardening condition of the soil and not pollute the soil environment. Compared with the bentonite modified by a chemical method, the biological modified bentonite has the advantages of environmental friendliness, biodegradability, low toxicity, recycling of agricultural waste resources and the like. Therefore, the inventor invents a preparation method and application of biological modified bentonite.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a preparation method and application of biological modified bentonite, wherein agricultural wastes and household garbage wastes are utilized, the bentonite is modified by an acid modification method, the bentonite is modified by a biological modification method, and the modified bentonite has better soil improvement performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of biological modified bentonite, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing and fermenting orange peel, soybean straw, tomato straw, kitchen garbage and domestic wastewater, adding acetic acid and saccharomycetes into the mixed fermentation product before fermentation, wherein the mass fraction of the acetic acid is 8-10%, and the mass fraction of the saccharomycetes is 12-16%, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 4-7 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃;
s2: extruding and filtering the fermented product after the step S1 to separate the fermented product into fermented water and fermented solid:
s3: drying the fermented solid in the step S2 at 20-25 ℃, crushing and grinding for later use;
s4: adding bentonite into the fermentation water obtained in the step S2, wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is preferably 4-7 cm higher than that of the fermentation water, stirring and activating for 8-12 h at 70 ℃, filtering, taking solid, drying at 100 ℃, and crushing into powder;
s5: and (3) uniformly mixing the fermentation solid processed in the step S3 with the bentonite processed in the step S4 to obtain a bentonite fermentation mixture, adding deionized water into the bentonite fermentation mixture, stirring while adding the deionized water, wherein the adding amount of the deionized water is that the turbidity of the water mixture reaches 2000-3000 NTU, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 28 ℃, performing suction filtration, drying at 20-25 ℃, crushing and grinding.
Further, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the citrus peels, the soybean straws and the tomato straws is 1:1:1, the mass ratio of the mixture of the citrus peels, the soybean straws and the tomato straws to the kitchen garbage is 1: 2-1: 4, and the amount of the domestic wastewater is preferably that the mixture of the citrus peels, the soybean straws, the tomato straws and the kitchen garbage is just submerged.
Further, in step S5, in the reaction process, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 30min at intervals of 20min, and an output voltage of 60-75W is applied in the ultrasonic application process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a biological modified bentonite.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides application of the biological modified bentonite in the field of soil treatment and restoration.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the alkaline agricultural wastes such as orange peel, soybean straw, tomato straw and the like to be mixed and fermented with kitchen garbage and domestic wastewater, can convert the agricultural wastes, the kitchen garbage and the domestic wastewater into rich soil fertilizers by fermentation, also obtains acidic fermentation water, can utilize the acidic fermentation water to carry out preliminary acid modification on bentonite, and also utilizes a biological surfactant in fermentation solid substances to replace a traditional chemical surfactant to further modify the bentonite, avoids toxic and harmful chemical substances from being discharged into the environment, further realizes environmental friendliness, utilizes ultrasonic waves to further promote the reaction of the fermentation solid substances and the bentonite, utilizes organic substances in the fermentation solid substances to organize the bentonite, and further improves the property, the function and the use value of the bentonite.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example (b):
this example provides a method for preparing a bio-modified bentonite, comprising the following steps
S1: the citrus peels, the soybean straws, the tomato straws, the kitchen waste and the domestic waste are mixed and fermented, the mass ratio of the citrus peels, the soybean straws and the tomato straws is 1:1:1, the mass ratio of the mixture of the citrus peels, the soybean straws and the tomato straws to the kitchen waste is 1: 2-1: 4, and the addition amount of the domestic waste is preferably just submerging the mixture of the citrus peels, the soybean straws, the tomato straws and the kitchen waste; then adding acetic acid and saccharomycetes into the mixed fermentation product, wherein the mass fraction of the acetic acid is 8% -10%, the mass fraction of the saccharomycetes is 12% -16%, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 4-7 days at 25-28 ℃;
the fermentation condition of the embodiment is anaerobic fermentation, and experimental data show that the yield of acetic acid in fermentation liquor is gradually increased in the fermentation process, and the pH value of the final fermentation liquor is 4.8-5.2; the orange peel, the soybean straw and the tomato straw belong to alkaline crop wastes, an alkaline environment is provided for the reaction in the step, and the alkaline environment can inhibit the activity of methanogens, so that the acetic acid in the fermentation liquor is continuously accumulated, and the acetic acid content in the fermentation liquor in the step meets the requirements of the following process steps; step S1, some biosurfactants are generated and accumulated in the fermentation process, and the bentonite can be further modified;
s2: extruding and filtering the fermented product after the step S1 to separate the fermented product into fermented water and fermented solid:
s3: drying the fermented solid in the step S2 at 20-25 ℃, crushing and grinding for later use;
s4: adding bentonite into the fermentation water obtained in the step S2, wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is preferably 4-7 cm higher than that of the fermentation water, stirring and activating for 8-12 h at 70 ℃, filtering, taking solid, drying at 100 ℃, and crushing into powder;
step S4, acid modification treatment of bentonite is completed by utilizing the acidic environment of the fermented water, so that the pore volume and the specific surface area of the bentonite are greatly changed, the adsorption sites are increased, and the adsorption capacity of the bentonite is improved;
s5: uniformly mixing the fermentation solid processed in the step S3 with the bentonite processed in the step S4 to obtain a bentonite fermentation mixture, adding deionized water into the bentonite fermentation mixture, stirring while adding the deionized water, wherein the adding amount of the deionized water is that the turbidity of the water mixture reaches 2000-3000 NTU, and then stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 28 ℃, wherein in the reaction process of the step, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 30 minutes every 20 minutes, and an output voltage of 60-75W is applied in the ultrasonic application process; performing suction filtration, drying at 20-25 ℃, crushing and grinding; the ultrasonic treatment can further promote the reaction of the fermented solid and the bentonite, and the organic matters in the fermented solid are utilized to organize the bentonite, so that the property, the function and the use value of the bentonite are further improved; meanwhile, the bentonite is further modified by utilizing the biosurfactant in the fermented solid.
The biological modified bentonite obtained by the method of the embodiment can be applied to soil treatment and restoration, and the application amount of the bentonite in the embodiment is 12t/hm2～38t/hm2。
In this example, the bio-modified bentonite prepared in this example and the commonly used bio-modified bentonite are applied to the same vegetable field with serious hardening, a blank control group without any modifier is set, and after one year of application, soil condition and yield are recorded, and the results are as follows:
therefore, the biological modified bentonite can effectively improve the soil hardening problem, increase the soil activity and beneficial substances, promote the crop growth and improve the agricultural productivity.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of biological modified bentonite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing and fermenting orange peel, soybean straw, tomato straw, kitchen garbage and domestic wastewater, adding acetic acid and saccharomycetes into the mixed fermentation product before fermentation, wherein the mass fraction of the acetic acid is 8-10%, and the mass fraction of the saccharomycetes is 12-16%, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 4-7 days at the temperature of 25-28 ℃;
s2: extruding and filtering the fermented product after the step S1 to separate the fermented product into fermented water and fermented solid:
s3: drying the fermented solid in the step S2 at 20-25 ℃, crushing and grinding for later use;
s4: adding bentonite into the fermentation water obtained in the step S2, wherein the addition amount of the bentonite is preferably 4-7 cm higher than that of the fermentation water, stirring and activating for 8-12 h at 70 ℃, filtering, taking solid, drying at 100 ℃, and crushing into powder;
s5: and (3) uniformly mixing the fermentation solid processed in the step S3 with the bentonite processed in the step S4 to obtain a bentonite fermentation mixture, adding deionized water into the bentonite fermentation mixture, stirring while adding the deionized water, wherein the adding amount of the deionized water is that the turbidity of the water mixture reaches 2000-3000 NTU, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 28 ℃, performing suction filtration, drying at 20-25 ℃, crushing and grinding.
2. The method for preparing the biological modified bentonite according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of the citrus peels, the soybean straws and the tomato straws is 1:1:1, the mass ratio of the mixture of the citrus peels, the soybean straws and the tomato straws to the kitchen waste is 1: 2-1: 4, and the amount of the domestic wastewater is preferably enough to just submerge the mixture of the citrus peels, the soybean straws, the tomato straws and the kitchen waste.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the ultrasonic wave is applied for 30min at intervals of 20min during the reaction, and the output voltage of 60-75W is applied during the ultrasonic wave application.
4. The biologically modified bentonite produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The use of the biologically modified bentonite according to claim 4 in the fields of soil remediation and restoration.
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| CN202011107197.0A CN112250519A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Preparation method and application of biological modified bentonite |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113307686A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-27 | 广东石油化工学院 | Soil antifouling compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210122 |