CN112247534B - Automatic press-fitting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolt and press-fitting method thereof - Google Patents
Automatic press-fitting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolt and press-fitting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112247534B CN112247534B CN202011192501.6A CN202011192501A CN112247534B CN 112247534 B CN112247534 B CN 112247534B CN 202011192501 A CN202011192501 A CN 202011192501A CN 112247534 B CN112247534 B CN 112247534B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/02—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
- B23P19/027—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same using hydraulic or pneumatic means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
Abstract
The invention relates to a press-mounting machine, and discloses an automatic press-mounting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolts and a press-mounting method thereof, wherein the automatic press-mounting machine comprises a bracket and a controller, a pressing device is arranged at the upper end part of the bracket, and a rotating device and a lifting device are arranged at the lower end part of the bracket; be equipped with conveyor between rotary device and the closing device, conveyor includes the transport platform and two guide rails of mutual disposition, is equipped with the conveyer belt on the guide rail, and the transport platform both ends are placed respectively on the conveyer belt of two guide rails, is fixed with between two guide rails and keeps off material positioning mechanism, keeps off material positioning mechanism and transport platform block and connect and take place hall response, and the controller passes through hall signal location transport platform. This pressure equipment machine adopts and keeps off material positioning mechanism to fix a position the delivery platform, and when the delivery platform carried closing device under, the delivery platform can be by the clamping position. Through keeping off material positioning mechanism, the delivery platform positioning accuracy is high to the pressure equipment precision of wheel hub assembly has been improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a press-mounting machine, in particular to an automatic press-mounting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolts and a press-mounting method thereof.
Background
The heavy block bears the huge weight, braking torque, driving torque, various alternating loads generated in the driving process and the like of the automobile in the driving process, so that the wheels must be reliably connected with the front and rear axle assemblies of the automobile in the using process. According to the automobile structure, a hub bearing assembly and a wheel are connected and fixedly connected to an axle through a hub bolt and a hub nut, so that the wheel assembly can realize power transmission and automobile bearing, and therefore the hub bolt is an important part in an automobile. Due to high-speed rotation of the wheel and bumping of the vehicle, clamping force between the hub bolt and the flange plate hub is gradually weakened, and finally, matching threads between the two parts move relatively. If the assembly between two parts is improper, or the fastening technology is lagged behind, the quality is greatly influenced, and potential safety hazards are easy to exist. The failure of the hub bolt pair can lead to serious consequences, possibly lead to the flying of the wheel of a running vehicle, cause serious traffic accidents, not only cause great property loss, but also cause tragedy of casualties. The traditional mode of manually assembling the bolts is adopted, so that the press fitting is not in place, and the phenomenon of neglected installation is likely to occur.
In order to reduce labor cost and improve installation accuracy, through continuous innovation of people, an automatic press-mounting machine is provided, the automatic degree of the existing press-mounting machine is still balanced, and a hub assembly needs to be lifted to a base for placing a hub by manual operation or a crane, for example, the automatic press-mounting machine for the wheel drum bolt, the pressure head device and the pressure plate of the wheel drum bolt, which are disclosed by the application number 201610051238.6, are provided. The number of the pressing rods in the pressing head device is the same as that of the bolts with pressure in the hub assembly, and due to the fact that the bolts are placed on the hub assembly, deviation can occur, and when the pressing head device is used for pressing, all the bolts cannot be pressed in place due to the fact that one bolt is arranged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect of poor reliability of the press-mounting machine in the prior art, the invention provides the automatic press-mounting machine for assembling the heavy truck hub assembly bolt and the press-mounting method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
the automatic press-mounting machine for assembling the heavy truck hub assembly bolt comprises a support and a controller, wherein a pressing device is arranged at the upper end part of the support, and a rotating device for supporting a hub assembly and a lifting device for lifting the rotating device are arranged at the lower end part of the support; a conveying device for conveying the wheel hub assembly is arranged between the rotating device and the pressing device, the conveying device comprises two guide rails which are oppositely arranged and a carrying platform for conveying the wheel hub assembly, a conveying belt is arranged on each guide rail, two ends of the carrying platform are respectively arranged on the conveying belts of the two guide rails, a material blocking positioning mechanism is fixed between the two guide rails and comprises a fixed plate, a limiting plate, a roller and a spring, the fixed plate is fixed between the lower end surfaces of the two guide rails, one end of the limiting plate is hinged on the fixed plate through a pin shaft, the other end of the limiting plate inclines upwards and is connected with the roller, the spring is fixed between the fixed plate and the limiting plate, a track groove for the roller to travel is arranged on the lower end surface of the carrying platform, an inward concave limiting groove is arranged at the end part of the track groove, a magnet is embedded at the bottom of the limiting groove, a Hall sensor is arranged in the roller, when the roller is limited in the limiting groove, the carrying platform moves to the position under the pressing device, the Hall sensor senses the magnet and sends a signal to the controller, and the controller controls the conveying device, the lifting device and the rotating device to start and stop.
When the press-mounting machine carries out press-mounting on the bolt on the wheel hub assembly, the position of the wheel hub assembly is very critical, the base for installing the wheel hub assembly in the prior art is fixed, and the structural mode has low working efficiency. The hub assembly of the press-fitting machine is transported through the carrying platform, so that the press-fitting efficiency of the press-fitting machine is improved, and the carrying platform drives the hub assembly to be particularly important in the positioning precision of the press-fitting machine due to dynamic transportation, and press-fitting can be affected by slight deviation. This pressure equipment machine adopts and keeps off material positioning mechanism to fix a position the transport platform, and when the assigned position was carried to the delivery platform, the spacing groove in the transport platform can fix a position with the gyro wheel on the limiting plate, because the hall response can take place for gyro wheel and the magnet of spacing inslot to control conveyor's transportation, and with the delivery platform location under closing device. Through keeping off material positioning mechanism, the delivery platform positioning accuracy is high to the pressure equipment precision of wheel hub assembly has been improved.
Preferably, the pressing device comprises two pressing assemblies, each pressing assembly comprises a first hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic platform and a pressing head, the first hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the support, the hydraulic platforms are fixedly connected with hydraulic rods of the first hydraulic cylinders, and the pressing heads are detachably mounted on the hydraulic platforms.
Two compress tightly the subassembly and can carry out diagonal angle installation to the wheel hub assembly, and the wheel hub assembly is the pressurized even when the pressure equipment, and stability is good when the pressure equipment of wheel hub assembly. The pressure head is detachably mounted on the hydraulic platform, so that the press-mounting machine can press-mount bolts on hub assemblies of different models, and the press-mounting machine is good in universality.
Preferably, a grating ruler is fixed on the side wall of the support, a ruler groove is formed in the grating ruler, a grating rod pointing to the grating ruler is horizontally fixed in the middle of the side wall of the hydraulic platform, a sliding block is fixed at the other end of the grating rod, and the sliding block slides in the ruler groove.
The grating ruler is used for people to visually check the pressing displacement of the pressing device, and the pressing force of the pressing device can be conveniently regulated and controlled by people.
Preferably, still be fixed with the track on the lateral wall of support, the inductor that resets is all installed at both ends about the track, and hydraulic pressure platform up end is fixed with and extends to the track position and be used for responding to the response pole of inductor that resets.
The reset sensor is used for positioning the hydraulic platform, the lifting displacement of a pressure head in the pressing device can be conveniently and visually adjusted, whether the pressing force of the pressing device is within a set value can be visually judged, and the reset sensor can monitor the working state of the pressing device at any time.
Preferably, the vision detection device is installed between the two pressing components and comprises a vision detection installation table, a CCD camera, an LED annular lamp and an alarm, the vision detection installation table is installed right above the rotating device through an extension rod, the CCD camera is installed on the vision detection installation table, the LED annular lamp is arranged right below the CCD camera, the alarm is connected with the controller, the CCD camera collects and analyzes a bolt pressing image on a hub assembly on the carrying table and sends image information to the controller, and the controller controls the alarm to be started and stopped through the image information.
The visual detection device collects the pressing condition of the bolt of the hub assembly through the CCD camera constantly, and when the information of image analysis and the prestored information come in and go out, namely the bolt is not installed, the controller starts the alarm to give an alarm.
Preferably, the lifting device comprises a lifting plate and at least two second hydraulic cylinders, a cavity is arranged at the lower end of the support, a cylinder body of each second hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the support through the cavity, a telescopic rod of each second hydraulic cylinder extends out of the support mounting surface and is fixedly connected with the lifting plate, positioning rods are fixed at four end angles of the upper end surface of the lifting plate, positioning holes are formed in the carrying platform, and when the lifting plate ascends, the top ends of the positioning rods extend into the positioning holes.
The lifting device is used for conveying the rotating device; on the other hand, the carrying platform is positioned right above the lifting plate through the positioning rod, so that the carrying platform is prevented from shaking during press mounting.
Preferably, the support components are mounted at two ends of the support mounting surface and comprise a base, an air cylinder and a support block used for supporting the lifting plate, a sliding groove is formed in the base, the support block is slidably mounted in the sliding groove, a support plate extending upwards is fixed at the outer end of the base, a cylinder body of the air cylinder is transversely mounted on the support plate, a push rod in the air cylinder is fixedly connected with the support block, and the support block is a U-shaped support block.
The supporting block in the supporting component is used for supporting the lifting plate, and after the pressure of the lifting device is relieved, the lifting plate can be placed on the supporting block, so that the lifting plate cannot move when the pressing device presses the bolts, and the stability of the pressing machine for pressing the bolts is greatly improved.
Preferably, the rotating device comprises a motor and a rotary supporting component for rotating and supporting the hub assembly, the motor is mounted on the bracket, a transmission shaft of the motor extends out of the bracket mounting surface and is fixedly connected with the rotary supporting component, and the rotary supporting component is placed on the lifting plate.
The rotating device is used for assisting in supporting the hub assembly on one hand and driving the hub assembly to rotate on the other hand, so that a pressure head of the pressing device can press and mount adjacent bolts.
A bolt press-fitting method adopting an automatic press-fitting machine comprises the following steps:
step a, conveying a hub assembly, wherein an operator puts hub bolts on the hub assembly on a carrying platform, and a conveying device conveys the carrying platform to the position right below a pressing device;
b, positioning the conveying platform, wherein when the roller slides into the limiting groove, a Hall sensor on the roller senses a magnet at the bottom of the limiting groove and generates a Hall signal, the Hall sensor sends the signal to a controller, and the controller stops the conveying device;
c, starting the lifting device by the controller, driving the lifting plate to ascend by the second hydraulic cylinder until the positioning rod is positioned in the positioning hole on the carrying platform, driving the rotating device to ascend synchronously by the lifting plate, and clamping and connecting the upper end part of the rotary supporting component with the hub assembly;
step d, supporting the lifting plate, starting the supporting components at two ends of the support mounting surface simultaneously, pushing the supporting block to move horizontally inwards and move to the position below the lifting plate by using the cylinder, releasing pressure by using a second hydraulic cylinder, and placing the lifting plate on the supporting block;
e, starting a visual detection device, carrying out real-time image acquisition on the hub assembly on the carrying platform by using a CCD camera, analyzing whether the requirement of the number of the bolts is met or not and whether the requirement of the number of the bolts is met or not, starting a pressing device by using a controller, pressing one bolt by using a pressing head, and driving the hub assembly to rotate for 36 degrees by using a rotary supporting component; if the number of the bolts does not meet the requirement, the controller starts an alarm and sends an alarm signal;
the pressure head pressing force calculation formula is as follows:
F＝πDLfPmax
wherein: f-indentation force, N; d-diameter of matching surface, mm; l-interference bond length, mm; f-the coefficient of friction of the faying surface; pmax-maximum pressure of a joint surface, N/mm;
the calculation formula of the maximum connection strength of the joint surface is as follows:
wherein δ max — maximum interference, mm; c1, C2-coefficient; e1-modulus of elasticity, MPa, of the hub bolt material; e2-modulus of elasticity, MPa, of the flange hub material
Coefficients C1, C2 are calculated by the formula:
d1-the outer diameter of a flange plate hub bolt hole, mm, D2-the inner diameter of a hub bolt, mm, mu 1-the Poisson's ratio of a hub bolt material; mu 2-Poisson's ratio of flange hub material;
and f, finishing the bolt press-fitting of the hub assembly, separating the rotating device from the hub assembly, resetting the supporting component and the lifting device, separating the carrying platform from the material blocking and positioning mechanism and conveying the carrying platform to the next station.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that:
when the press-mounting machine carries out press-mounting on the bolt on the wheel hub assembly, the position of the wheel hub assembly is very critical, the base for installing the wheel hub assembly in the prior art is fixed, and the structural mode has low working efficiency. The hub assembly of the press-fitting machine is transported through the carrying platform, so that the press-fitting efficiency of the press-fitting machine is improved, and the carrying platform drives the hub assembly to be particularly important in the positioning precision of the press-fitting machine due to dynamic transportation, and press-fitting can be affected by slight deviation. This pressure equipment machine adopts and keeps off material positioning mechanism to fix a position the transport platform, and when the assigned position was carried to the delivery platform, the spacing groove in the transport platform can fix a position with the gyro wheel on the limiting plate, because the hall response can take place for gyro wheel and the magnet of spacing inslot to control conveyor's transportation, and with the delivery platform location under closing device. Through keeping off material positioning mechanism, the delivery platform positioning accuracy is high to the pressure equipment precision of wheel hub assembly has been improved.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the automatic press mounting of the heavy truck hub bolt is realized through the data acquisition system, the press mounting precision and the force are ensured to be in place, the assembly effectiveness of the hub and the bolt is ensured, and the press mounting efficiency is improved; and the anti-leakage function is realized, and the pressure head and the flange are prevented from being damaged by pressure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in a first position.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in a second position.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of B in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the third position state of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of C in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth position of the present invention.
The names of the parts indicated by the numerical references in the above figures are as follows: 10-bracket, 11-controller, 12-rotating device, 13-lifting device, 14-conveying device, 15-material blocking positioning mechanism, 16-pressing component, 17-grating ruler, 18-grating rod, 19-sliding block, 20-track, 21-reset sensor, 22-induction rod, 23-visual detection device, 24-supporting component, 101-cavity, 102-bracket mounting surface, 121-motor, 122-rotary supporting component, 131-lifting plate, 132-second hydraulic cylinder, 133-positioning rod, 141-guide rail, 142-carrying platform, 143-conveyor belt, 151-fixing plate, 152-limiting plate, 153-roller, 154-spring, 161-hydraulic platform, 162-pressure head, 163-hydraulic rod, 171-ruler groove, 231-visual detection mounting platform, 232-camera, 233-LED annular lamp, 234-extension rod, 241-base, 242-cylinder, supporting block-supporting block, 244 supporting plates, 1421 track grooves, 1422 limiting grooves and 2411 sliding grooves.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-7 and examples.
Example 1
A automatic pressure equipment machine for assembling heavily block wheel hub assembly bolt, including support 10 and controller 11, support 10 is bow-shaped support, and when support 10 was placed vertically, both ends were outside salient about support 10, and support 10 intermediate position is inside sunken. The controller 11 is fixed on the side of the bracket 10. The upper end of the support 10 is provided with a pressing device, the lower end of the support 10 is provided with a rotating device 12 for supporting a hub assembly and a lifting device 13 for lifting the rotating device 12, a conveying device 14 for conveying the hub assembly is arranged between the rotating device 12 and the pressing device, the conveying device 14 comprises two oppositely arranged guide rails 141 and a carrying table 142 for conveying the hub assembly, each guide rail 141 is provided with a conveying belt 143, each guide rail 141 is provided with a plurality of rollers, the conveying belts 143 are sleeved on the rollers, one end of each guide rail 141 is provided with a driving motor for driving the rollers to rotate, the circumferential surface similar to the sea plum roller is a gear, the conveying belts 143 are gear belts, the conveying belts 141 cannot slip in the conveying process, and the conveying belts 143 are good in conveying stability. A gap is arranged between the two conveyor belts 143, two ends of the carrying platform 142 are respectively placed on the conveyor belts 143 of the two guide rails 141, a material stopping and positioning mechanism 15 is fixed between the two guide rails 141, the material stopping and positioning mechanism 15 comprises a fixing plate 151, a limiting plate 152, a roller 153 and a spring 154, the fixing plate 151 is fixed between the lower end faces of the two guide rails 141, the fixing plate 151 is perpendicular to the two guide rails 141, one end of the limiting plate 152 is hinged on the fixing plate 151 through a pin shaft, the other end of the limiting plate 152 inclines upwards and is connected with the roller 153, the spring 154 is fixed between the fixing plate 151 and the limiting plate 152, a rail groove 1421 for the roller 153 to travel is arranged on the lower end face of the carrying platform 142, an inwards concave limiting groove 1422 is arranged at the end of the rail groove 1421, a magnet is embedded at the bottom of the limiting groove 1422, a hall sensor is installed in the roller 153, when the roller 153 is limited in the limiting groove 1422, the carrying platform 142 moves to the position under the pressing device, the hall sensor senses the magnet and sends a signal to the controller 11, and the controller 11 controls the conveying device 14, the lifting device 13 and the rotating device 12 to start and stop. The press-mounting machine hub assembly is transported through the transporting platform 142, so that the press-mounting efficiency of the press-mounting machine is improved, the transporting platform 142 is used for dynamically transporting, the carrying platform 142 drives the hub assembly to be particularly important in the positioning precision of the press-mounting machine, and press-mounting can be affected by slight deviation. This pressure equipment machine adopts material stop positioning mechanism 15 to fix a position fortune platform 142, and when the appointed position was carried to delivery platform 142, spacing groove 1422 in the delivery platform 142 can be fixed a position with gyro wheel 153 on the limiting plate 152, because hall response can take place for gyro wheel 153 and the magnet in the spacing groove 1422 to control conveyor 14's transportation, and with fortune platform 142 location under closing device. Through the material blocking and positioning mechanism 15, the carrier table 142 is high in positioning accuracy, so that the press-fitting accuracy of the hub assembly is improved.
The pressing device comprises two pressing components 16, the two pressing devices 16 can simultaneously press two opposite bolts on the hub assembly, and the stability of the hub assembly is good when the hub assembly is pressed. Compress tightly subassembly 16 and include first pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic pressure platform 161 and pressure head 162, first pneumatic cylinder is fixed on support 10, hydraulic pressure platform 161 and the hydraulic stem 163 fixed connection of first pneumatic cylinder, the lift of hydraulic stem 163 drives hydraulic pressure platform 161, this embodiment hydraulic pressure platform 161 is the hydraulic lifting plate, hydraulic pressure platform 161 is used for installing pressure head 162, pressure head 162 demountable installation is on hydraulic pressure platform 161, when the bolt of the wheel hub assembly of the other model of needs pressure equipment, hydraulic pressure platform 161 can change pressure head 162, thereby make this pressure equipment commonality high. Install pressure sensor in the closing device, it can be fine detect the pressure of pressure head 162, the pressure equipment dynamics of remote monitoring pressure head 162.
A grating ruler 17 is fixed on the side wall of the support 10, a ruler groove 171 is arranged on the grating ruler 17, a grating rod 18 pointing to the grating ruler 17 is horizontally fixed at the middle position of the side wall of the hydraulic platform 161, a sliding block 19 is fixed at the other end of the grating rod 18, and the sliding block 19 slides in the ruler groove 171. The grating ruler 17 is used for people to visually check the pressing displacement of the pressing device, namely the displacement of the hydraulic platform 161, so that people can conveniently regulate and control the pressing force of the pressing device.
Install visual detection device 23 between two pressure tightly subassemblies 16, visual detection device 23 includes visual detection mount table 231, CCD camera 232, LED annular lamp 233 and alarm, visual detection mount table 231 installs directly over rotary device 12 through extension rod 234, CCD camera 232 installs on visual detection mount table 231, LED annular lamp 233 is established directly under CCD camera 232, the alarm is connected with controller 11, CCD camera 232 gathers and analyzes the last bolt of hub assembly on transport stage 142 and compresses tightly the image and send image information for controller 11, controller 11 opens through image information control alarm and stops. CCD camera 232 installs on visual detection mount table 231, gathers the bolt image on the wheel hub assembly, and LED ring light 233 is for guaranteeing the stability of light source, guarantees that the bolt image of gathering is clear, and the bolt image of gathering is after information processing, if discover the bolt neglected loading, controller 11 will start the alarm and report to the police.
The lifting device 13 includes a lifting plate 131 and at least two second hydraulic cylinders 132, the number of the second hydraulic cylinders 132 is two, the lower end of the bracket 10 is provided with a cavity 101, the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 132 is fixed on the bracket 10 through the cavity 101, the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 132 extends out of the bracket mounting surface 102 and is fixedly connected with the lifting plate 131, the four end corners of the upper end surface of the lifting plate 131 are all fixed with positioning rods 133, the carrying platform 142 is provided with positioning holes, and when the lifting plate 131 ascends, the top ends of the positioning rods 133 extend into the positioning holes. The lifting device 13 is used for conveying the rotating device 12; on the other hand, the positioning rod 133 positions the carrying stage 142 right above the lifting plate 131, thereby preventing the carrying stage 142 from shaking during press-fitting.
The support assembly 24 is mounted at both ends of the bracket mounting surface 102, the support assembly 24 includes a base 241, an air cylinder 242 and a support block 243 for supporting the lifting plate 131, the base 241 is provided with a sliding slot 2411, the support block 243 is slidably mounted in the sliding slot 2411, the outer end of the base 241 is fixed with an upwardly extending support plate 244, the cylinder body of the air cylinder 242 is transversely mounted on the support plate 244, the push rod in the air cylinder 242 is fixedly connected with the support block 243, and the support block 243 is a U-shaped support block 243. The supporting block 243 in the supporting component 24 is used for supporting the lifting plate 131, and after the lifting device 13 is depressurized, the lifting plate 131 is placed on the supporting block 243, so that when the pressing device presses the bolts, the lifting plate 131 cannot move, and the stability of the pressing machine for pressing the bolts is greatly improved.
The rotating device 12 comprises a motor 121 and a rotary supporting component 122 for rotating and supporting the hub assembly, the motor 121 is mounted on the bracket 10, a transmission shaft of the motor 121 extends out of the bracket mounting surface 102 and is fixedly connected with the rotary supporting component 122, and the rotary supporting component 122 is placed on the lifting plate 131. The rotating device 13 is used to assist in supporting the hub assembly on the one hand and to drive the hub assembly to rotate on the other hand, so that the pressing head 162 of the pressing device can press the adjacent bolts.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 has substantially the same features as embodiment 1, except that a rail 20 is further fixed on the side wall of the support 10, a reset sensor 21 is installed at both upper and lower ends of the rail 20, and an induction rod 22 extending to the position of the rail 20 and used for sensing the reset sensor 21 is fixed on the upper end surface of the hydraulic platform 161. The reset sensor 21 is used for positioning the hydraulic platform 161, so that the lifting displacement of the pressing head 162 in the pressing device can be conveniently and visually adjusted, whether the pressing force of the pressing device is within a set value can be visually judged, and the reset sensor 21 can monitor the working state of the pressing device at any time.
Example 3
A bolt press-fitting method using an automatic press-fitting machine, in embodiment 3, the automatic press-fitting machine of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 is used, and the method includes the steps of:
step a, conveying a hub assembly, wherein an operator puts hub bolts on the hub assembly on a carrying platform, and a conveying device 14 conveys the carrying platform to the position right below a pressing device;
step b, positioning the conveying platform 142, wherein when the roller 153 slides into the limiting groove 1422, the hall sensor on the roller 153 senses the magnet at the bottom of the limiting groove 1422 and generates a hall signal, the hall sensor sends the signal to the controller, and the controller stops the conveying device 14;
step c, starting the lifting device 13 by the controller, driving the lifting plate 131 to ascend by the second hydraulic cylinder 132 until the positioning rod 133 is positioned in the positioning hole on the carrying platform 142, driving the rotating device 12 to ascend synchronously by the lifting plate 131, and clamping and connecting the upper end part of the rotary supporting component 122 with the hub assembly;
step d, supporting the lifting plate 131, starting the supporting components 24 at the two ends of the bracket mounting surface 102 at the same time, pushing the supporting block 243 to move horizontally inwards and move to the lower part of the lifting plate 131 by the air cylinder 242, releasing the pressure by the second hydraulic cylinder 132, and placing the lifting plate 131 on the supporting block 243;
step e, starting the visual detection device 23, acquiring real-time images of the hub assembly on the carrying platform 142 by the CCD camera 232, analyzing whether the requirements of the number of the bolts are met or not, starting the pressing device by the controller, pressing one bolt by the pressure head 162, and driving the hub assembly to rotate for 36 degrees by the rotary supporting part 122; if the number of the bolts does not meet the requirement, the controller 11 starts an alarm and sends an alarm signal;
the ram 162 pressing force calculation formula is:
F＝πDLfPmax
wherein: f-indentation force, N; d-diameter of matching surface, mm; l-interference bond length, mm; f-the coefficient of friction of the faying surface; pmax-maximum pressure of a joint surface, N/mm;
the calculation formula of the maximum connection strength of the joint surface is as follows:
wherein δ max — maximum interference, mm; c1, C2-coefficient; e1-modulus of elasticity, MPa, of the hub bolt material; e2-modulus of elasticity, MPa, of the flange hub material
Coefficients C1, C2 are calculated by the formula:
d1-the outer diameter of a flange plate hub bolt hole, mm, D2-the inner diameter of a hub bolt, mm, mu 1-the Poisson's ratio of a hub bolt material; mu 2-Poisson's ratio of flange hub material;
and f, finishing the bolt press mounting of the hub assembly, separating the rotating device 12 from the hub assembly, resetting the supporting component 24 and the lifting device 13, separating the carrying platform 142 from the material blocking and positioning mechanism 15 and conveying the carrying platform to the next station.
Claims (9)
1. The automatic press-mounting machine for assembling the heavy truck hub assembly bolt comprises a support (10) and a controller (11), wherein a pressing device is arranged at the upper end of the support (10), and a rotating device (12) for supporting a hub assembly and a lifting device (13) for lifting the rotating device (12) are arranged at the lower end of the support (10); the method is characterized in that: a conveying device (14) for conveying the hub assembly is arranged between the rotating device (12) and the pressing device, the conveying device (14) comprises two oppositely arranged guide rails (141) and a conveying platform (142) for conveying the hub assembly, each guide rail (141) is provided with a conveying belt (143), two ends of the conveying platform (142) are respectively placed on the conveying belts (143) of the two guide rails (141), a material stopping and positioning mechanism (15) is fixed between the two guide rails (141), the material stopping and positioning mechanism (15) comprises a fixing plate (151), a limiting plate (152), a roller (153) and a spring (154), the fixing plate (151) is fixed between the lower end faces of the two guide rails (141), one end of the limiting plate (152) is hinged on the fixing plate (151) through a pin shaft, the other end of the limiting plate inclines upwards and is connected with the roller (153), the spring (154) is fixed between the fixing plate (151) and the limiting plate (152), the terminal surface is equipped with track groove (1421) that supplies gyro wheel (153) to walk under transport platform (142), track groove (1421) tip is equipped with inside sunken spacing groove (1422), spacing groove (1422) bottom is inlayed and is had magnet, install hall sensor in gyro wheel (153), when gyro wheel (153) are spacing in spacing groove (1422), transport platform (142) move under closing device, hall sensor response magnet and give controller (11) with signal transmission, controller (11) control conveyor (14), elevating gear (13) and rotary device (12) open and stop.
2. The automatic press-fitting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolts of claim 1, characterized in that: the pressing device comprises two pressing assemblies (16), each pressing assembly (16) comprises a first hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic platform (161) and a pressing head (162), the first hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the support (10), the hydraulic platforms (161) are fixedly connected with a hydraulic rod (163) of each first hydraulic cylinder, and the pressing heads (162) are detachably mounted on the hydraulic platforms (161).
3. The automatic press-fitting machine for assembling bolts for hub assemblies of heavy trucks of claim 2, characterized in that: a grating ruler (17) is fixed on the side wall of the support (10), a ruler groove (171) is formed in the grating ruler (17), a grating rod (18) pointing to the grating ruler (17) is horizontally fixed in the middle of the side wall of the hydraulic platform (161), a sliding block (19) is fixed at the other end of the grating rod (18), and the sliding block (19) slides in the ruler groove (171).
4. The automatic press-fitting machine for assembling bolts for hub assemblies of heavy trucks of claim 2, characterized in that: still be fixed with track (20) on the lateral wall of support (10), reset inductor (21) are all installed at both ends about track (20), and hydraulic platform (161) up end is fixed with and extends to track (20) position and is used for responding to the response pole (22) of reset inductor (21).
5. The automatic press-fitting machine for assembling bolts for hub assemblies of heavy trucks of claim 2, characterized in that: install visual detection device (23) between two pressure assemblies (16), visual detection device (23) are including visual detection mount table (231), CCD camera (232), LED annular lamp (233) and alarm, visual detection mount table (231) are installed directly over rotary device (12) through extension rod (234), CCD camera (232) are installed on visual detection mount table (231), establish under CCD camera (232) LED annular lamp (233), the alarm is connected with controller (11), CCD camera (232) gather and analyze on transport platform (142) the hub assembly bolt compress tightly the image and send image information for controller (11), controller (11) open through image information control alarm and stop.
6. The automatic press-fitting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolts of claim 1, characterized in that: elevating gear (13) are second hydraulic cylinder (132) that two at least including lifter plate (131) and quantity, the lower tip of support (10) is equipped with cavity (101), the cylinder body of second hydraulic cylinder (132) passes through cavity (101) to be fixed on support (10), the telescopic link of second hydraulic cylinder (132) stretches out support installation face (102) and with lifter plate (131) fixed connection, four end angle departments of lifter plate (131) up end all are fixed with locating lever (133), be equipped with the locating hole on the transport platform (142), when lifter plate (131) rose, the top of locating lever (133) stretched into in the locating hole.
7. The automated press-fit machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolts of claim 6, wherein: support assembly (24) are all installed at support installation face (102) both ends, support assembly (24) include base (241), cylinder (242) and be used for supporting shoe (243) of lifter plate (131), be equipped with spout (2411) on base (241), supporting shoe (243) slidable mounting is in spout (2411), base (241) outer tip is fixed with upwards extended backup pad (244), the cylinder body of cylinder (242) is transversely installed on backup pad (244), push rod and supporting shoe (243) fixed connection in cylinder (242), supporting shoe (243) are U type supporting shoe (243).
8. The automated press-fit machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolts of claim 6, wherein: the rotating device (12) comprises a motor (121) and a rotary supporting component (122) used for rotating and supporting the hub assembly, the motor (121) is installed on the support (10), a transmission shaft of the motor (121) extends out of the support installation surface (102) and is fixedly connected with the rotary supporting component (122), and the rotary supporting component (122) is placed on the lifting plate (131).
9. A bolt press-fitting method of an automatic press-fitting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step a, conveying a hub assembly, wherein an operator puts hub bolts on the hub assembly on a carrying platform, and a conveying device (14) conveys the carrying platform to the position right below a pressing device;
b, positioning the conveying platform (142), wherein when the roller (153) slides into the limiting groove (1422), the Hall sensor on the roller (153) senses the magnet at the bottom of the limiting groove (1422) and generates a Hall signal, the Hall sensor sends the signal to the controller, and the controller stops the conveying device (14);
c, the controller starts the lifting device (13), the second hydraulic cylinder (132) drives the lifting plate (131) to ascend until the positioning rod (133) is positioned in the positioning hole in the carrying platform (142), the lifting plate (131) drives the rotating device (12) to ascend synchronously, and the upper end part of the rotary supporting component (122) is connected with the hub assembly in a clamping mode;
d, supporting the lifting plate (131), starting the supporting components (24) at two ends of the bracket mounting surface (102) at the same time, pushing the supporting block (243) to move inwards horizontally by the cylinder (242) and moving to the lower part of the lifting plate (131), relieving pressure by the second hydraulic cylinder (132), and placing the lifting plate (131) on the supporting block (243);
step e, starting the visual detection device (23), carrying out real-time image acquisition on the hub assembly on the carrying platform (142) by the CCD camera (232), analyzing whether the requirement of the number of the bolts is met or not, and the requirement of the number of the bolts is met, starting the pressing device by the controller, and driving the hub assembly to rotate for 36 degrees by the rotary supporting component (122) after one bolt is pressed by the pressing head (162); the controller (11) starts an alarm and sends out an alarm signal if the number of the bolts does not meet the requirement;
the pressing force of the pressing head (162) is calculated according to the formula:
F＝πDLfPmax
wherein: f-indentation force, N; d-diameter of matching surface, mm; l-interference bond length, mm; f-the coefficient of friction of the faying surface; pmax-maximum pressure of a joint surface, N/mm;
the calculation formula of the maximum connection strength of the joint surface is as follows:
wherein δ max — maximum interference, mm; c1, C2-coefficient; e1-modulus of elasticity, MPa, of the hub bolt material; e2-modulus of elasticity, MPa, of the flange hub material
Coefficients C1, C2 are calculated by the formula:
d1-the outer diameter of a flange plate hub bolt hole, mm, D2-the inner diameter of a hub bolt, mm, mu 1-the Poisson's ratio of a hub bolt material; mu 2-Poisson's ratio of flange hub material;
and f, finishing the bolt press mounting of the hub assembly, separating the rotating device (12) from the hub assembly, resetting the supporting component (24) and the lifting device (13), separating the carrying platform (142) from the material blocking positioning mechanism (15) and conveying the carrying platform to the next station.
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| CN202011192501.6A CN112247534B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Automatic press-fitting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolt and press-fitting method thereof |
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| CN202011192501.6A CN112247534B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Automatic press-fitting machine for assembling heavy truck hub assembly bolt and press-fitting method thereof |
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| CN113732659B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-11-01 | 武汉尚田工业科技有限公司 | Method for thermally compounding spoke and rim in split hub manufacturing |
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