CN112244152A - 一种龙虾饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水产饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种小龙虾用配合饲料及其制备方法。包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉2.0‑5.0份、肉粉2.0‑6.0份、豆粕15.0‑25.0份、菜粕12.0‑22.0份、面粉10.0‑20.0份、虾糠2.0‑5.0份、玉米酒糟5.0‑10.0份、全脂米糠8.0‑15.0、豆油1.0‑2.0份、磷脂油1.0‑2.0份、动物肝脏1.0‑3.0份、酵母粉5‑10份、磷酸二氢钙1.5‑2.5份、膨润土1.0‑2.0份、食盐0.2‑0.3份、虾多维0.2‑0.5份、虾多矿0.2‑0.5份、粘合剂0.2‑0.6份、抗应激剂0.3‑0.6份。所得饲料不仅营养物质全面丰富、可以提高龙虾免疫和抗应激能力，还具有赋予虾体亮丽的色泽，提高其商用价值的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种龙虾用配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
小龙虾于20世纪30年代传入我国，因生长速度快、适应能力强、肉味鲜美广受养殖户和消费者欢迎，现已成为我国重要的淡水养殖经济虾类。近几年来，全国小龙虾养殖面积和产量迅速增加，已成为世界最大的小龙虾生产和消费国。
小龙虾养殖过程中在环境温度、水位变化、天气等的刺激下，会产生强烈的应激反应，导致摄食量下降、体质变弱、发病率高。目前，采用药物预防和控制疾病的发生所引发的龙虾品质、药物残留及环境污染问题日益突出。而通过营养和饲料的角度进行调控，能够极大的提高机体自身的免疫活性，降低应激反应，从而减少疾病的发生，这也是今后推动水产养殖业健康可持续发展的重要方向。此外，小龙虾的色泽是其产品质量的一个重要方面，在颜色、风味、品质三方面中，颜色起关键性的作用，长期以来被消费者视为营养丰富、品质优良的标志，直接影响消费者的购买欲，因此，小龙虾的色泽具有很高的商业价值，直接影响市场的需求和养殖户的效益。
因此，开发具有抗应激作用的龙虾饲料，并赋予小龙虾亮丽的色泽、提高其商品价值具有重要的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种龙虾用配合饲料及其制备方法，所得的饲料在全面提供龙虾所需的营养物质的同时，可以提高龙虾的免疫和抗应激能力，还具有赋予虾体亮丽的色泽，提高其商用价值的作用。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种龙虾用配合饲料，包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉2.0-5.0份、肉粉2.0-6.0 份、豆粕15.0-25.0份、菜粕12.0-22.0份、面粉10.0-20.0份、虾糠2.0-5.0份、玉米酒糟5.0-10.0份、全脂米糠8.0-15.0、豆油1.0-2.0份、磷脂油1.0-2.0份、动物肝脏1.0-3.0份、酵母粉5-10份、磷酸二氢钙1.5-2.5份、膨润土1.0-2.0份、食盐0.2-0.3份、虾多维0.2-0.5份、虾多矿0.2-0.5份、粘合剂0.2-0.6份、抗应激剂0.3-0.6份；
其中，抗应激剂由VC、VE、茶树精油、山银花提取物、叶黄素提取物制成，各组分按质量份数计包括：VC：10.0-20.0份，VE：10.0-15.0份，茶树精油： 25.0-40.0份，山银花提取物25.0-40份，叶黄素提取物10.0-20.0份。
优选地，所述龙虾用配合饲料包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉3.0份、肉粉5.0 份、豆粕20.0份、菜粕16.0份、面粉12.6份、虾糠5.0份、玉米酒糟8.0份、全脂米糠12.0、豆油1.0份、磷脂油1.0份、动物肝脏3.0份、酵母粉8.0份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、膨润土2.0份、食盐0.2份、虾多维0.2份、虾多矿0.2份、粘合剂0.3份、抗应激剂0.5份；
其中，抗应激剂各组分按质量份数计包括：VC：15.0份，VE：10.0份，茶树精油：30.0份，山银花提取物30.0份，叶黄素提取物15.0份。
优选地，所述龙虾用配合饲料包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉4.0份、肉粉4.0 份、豆粕18.0份、菜粕20.0份、面粉17.0份、虾糠4.0份、玉米酒糟7.0份、全脂米糠10.0、豆油1.2份、磷脂油1.2份、动物肝脏2.0份、酵母粉6.0份、磷酸二氢钙2.5份、膨润土1.6份、食盐0.3份、虾多维0.3份、虾多矿0.3份、粘合剂0.2份、抗应激剂0.4份；
其中，抗应激剂各组分按质量份数计包括：VC：16.0份，VE：12.0份，茶树精油：32.0份，山银花提取物28.0份，叶黄素提取物12.0份。
茶树精油为澳大利亚茶树提取物，可以促进动物的生长，提高机体的免疫、抗氧化、抗应激能力。
山银花提取物主要成分为绿原酸，具有较强的抗应激、抗炎、抗菌及清除自由基的作用。
叶黄素提取物，首先具有较强的抗氧化作用，能够阻止活性氧自由基对正常细胞的破坏；此外，是天然的着色剂，可以赋予甲壳动物亮丽的色泽，同时给予消费者虾体健康、肉质鲜美、营养丰富的感觉。
本发明还提供一种龙虾用配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步，将动物肝脏用蒸锅于100-120℃下蒸煮0.5-1小时，冷却后放入研磨机研磨0.5-1小时，得肝脏糜；
第二步，按比例称取各原料组分，混合均匀，经过超微粉碎机粉碎，100目筛上物小于10％；
第三步，将物料移入调制器，通入85-95℃水蒸气调制5-8分钟，在85-95℃的温度下进行挤压制粒。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.本发明所述龙虾用配合饲料中除了包含丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质等营养素外，本发明的饲料能提高龙虾的生长速度及机体的免疫和抗应激能力，还具有赋予虾体亮丽的色泽，提高其商用价值的作用；
2.本发明的龙虾用配合饲料中添加磷脂油、动物肝脏和虾糠，含有丰富的磷脂、胆固醇和虾壳刺激素，既够起到诱食、促生长的效果，又可以促进蜕壳、提高龙虾的成活率；
3.本发明的龙虾用配合饲料添加抗应激，能够极大的降低龙虾应激死亡率和疾病发生率，提高了养殖效益；
4.使用本发明配合饲料，不需要投喂抗生素类药物，所生产的龙虾产品为无公害绿色食品，保证龙虾口感美味的同时，又可以保证食用者的身体健康。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。但本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件按照说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
1.选取鱼粉3kg、肉粉5kg、豆粕20kg、菜粕16kg、面粉12.6kg、虾糠 5kg、玉米酒糟8kg、全脂米糠12kg、豆油1kg、磷脂油1kg、动物肝脏3kg、酵母粉8kg、磷酸二氢钙2kg、膨润土2kg、食盐0.2kg、虾多维0.2kg份、虾多矿 0.2kg、粘合剂0.3kg、抗应激剂0.5kg；
其中抗应激剂中各组分按质量份数计包括VC：15.0份，VE：10.0份，茶树精油：30.0份，山银花提取物30.0份，叶黄素提取物15.0份；
2.将动物肝脏用蒸锅于100℃下蒸煮1小时，冷却后放入研磨机研磨1小时，得肝脏糜；
3.将上述原料混合均匀，经过超微粉碎机粉碎，100目筛上物小于10％；
4.将物料移入调制器，通入90℃水蒸气调制6分钟，在90℃的温度下进行挤压制粒得硬颗粒饲料。
实施例2
1.选取鱼粉4kg、肉粉4kg、豆粕18kg、菜粕20kg、面粉17kg、虾糠4kg、玉米酒糟7kg、全脂米糠10kg、豆油1.2kg、磷脂油1.2kg、动物肝脏2kg、酵母粉6kg、磷酸二氢钙2.5kg、膨润土1.6kg、食盐0.3kg、虾多维0.3kg份、虾多矿0.3kg、粘合剂0.2kg、抗应激剂0.4kg；
其中抗应激剂中各组分按质量份数计包括VC：16.0份，VE：12.0份，茶树精油：32.0份，山银花提取物28.0份，叶黄素提取物12.0份；
2.将动物肝脏用蒸锅于120℃下蒸煮0.5小时，冷却后放入研磨机研磨0.5 小时，得肝脏糜；
3.将上述原料混合均匀，经过超微粉碎机粉碎，100目筛上物小于10％；
4.将物料移入调制器，通入88℃水蒸气调制8分钟，在92℃的温度下进行挤压制粒得硬颗粒饲料。
实施例3
1.选取鱼粉2kg、肉粉5kg、豆粕20kg、菜粕18kg、面粉16kg、虾糠3kg、玉米酒糟6kg、全脂米糠8kg、豆油1.5kg、磷脂油1.3kg、动物肝脏3kg、酵母粉10kg、磷酸二氢钙2.5kg、膨润土2kg、食盐0.3kg、虾多维0.4kg份、虾多矿 0.4kg、粘合剂0.3kg、抗应激剂0.3kg；
其中抗应激剂中各组分按质量份数计包括VC：12.0份，VE：15.0份，茶树精油：28.0份，山银花提取物35.0份，叶黄素提取物10.0份；
2.将动物肝脏用蒸锅于110℃下蒸煮1小时，冷却后放入研磨机研磨0.5小时，得肝脏糜；
3.将上述原料混合均匀，经过超微粉碎机粉碎，100目筛上物小于10％；
4.将物料移入调制器，通入95℃水蒸气调制5分钟，在95℃的温度下进行挤压制粒得硬颗粒饲料。
对比例1
同实施例1，区别在于不添加抗应激剂。
1.选取鱼粉3kg、肉粉5kg、豆粕20kg、菜粕16kg、面粉13.1kg、虾糠5kg、玉米酒糟8kg、全脂米糠12kg、豆油1kg、磷脂油1kg、动物肝脏3kg、酵母粉 8kg、磷酸二氢钙2kg、膨润土2kg、食盐0.2kg、虾多维0.2kg份、虾多矿0.2kg、粘合剂0.3kg；
2.将动物肝脏用蒸锅于100℃下蒸煮1小时，冷却后放入研磨机研磨1小时，得肝脏糜；
3.将上述原料混合均匀，经过超微粉碎机粉碎，100目筛上物小于10％；
4.将物料移入调制器，通入90℃水蒸气调制6分钟，在90℃的温度下进行挤压制粒得硬颗粒饲料。
对实施例1-3及对比例1制备的营养饲料进行性能测试。试验如下：取5000 只淡水小龙虾，平均分成5组，分别采用实施例1-3及对比例1、市售龙虾用饲料分别喂养，喂养2个月，分别对每个组的龙虾进行测量，具体结果参见下表。
| 末均重(g) | 存活率(％) | 饵料系数 | 虾壳中虾青素含量(ug/g) | |
| 实施例1 | 43.6 | 95.3 | 0.81 | 425.21 |
| 实施例2 | 40.7 | 93.6 | 0.90 | 350.39 |
| 实施例3 | 41.2 | 92.7 | 0.85 | 328.26 |
| 对比例1 | 37.4 | 89.5 | 0.94 | 286.04 |
| 市售龙虾用饲料 | 33.6 | 86.6 | 1.14 | 274.54 |
从表中可以看出，实施例1-3及对比例1的数据明显优于普通龙虾用饲料，其中实施例1的效果最好。
虽然描述了本发明的实施例，但是本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下作出各种修改和变型，这样的修改和变型均落入由所附权利要求所限定的范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种龙虾用配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉2.0-5.0份、肉粉2.0-6.0份、豆粕15.0-25.0份、菜粕12.0-22.0份、面粉10.0-20.0份、虾糠2.0-5.0份、玉米酒糟5.0-10.0份、全脂米糠8.0-15.0、豆油1.0-2.0份、磷脂油1.0-2.0份、动物肝脏1.0-3.0份、酵母粉5-10份、磷酸二氢钙1.5-2.5份、膨润土1.0-2.0份、食盐0.2-0.3份、虾多维0.2-0.5份、虾多矿0.2-0.5份、粘合剂0.2-0.6份、抗应激剂0.3-0.6份；
其中，抗应激剂由VC、VE、茶树精油、山银花提取物、叶黄素提取物制成，各组分按质量份数计包括：VC：10.0-20.0份，VE：10.0-15.0份，茶树精油：25.0-40.0份，山银花提取物25.0-40份，叶黄素提取物10.0-20.0份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾用配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉3.0份、肉粉5.0份、豆粕20.0份、菜粕16.0份、面粉12.6份、虾糠5.0份、玉米酒糟8.0份、全脂米糠12.0、豆油1.0份、磷脂油1.0份、动物肝脏3.0份、酵母粉8.0份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、膨润土2.0份、食盐0.2份、虾多维0.2份、虾多矿0.2份、粘合剂0.3份、抗应激剂0.5份；
其中，抗应激剂各组分按质量份数计包括：VC：15.0份，VE：10.0份，茶树精油：30.0份，山银花提取物30.0份，叶黄素提取物15.0份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾用配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下质量份组分：鱼粉4.0份、肉粉4.0份、豆粕18.0份、菜粕20.0份、面粉17.0份、虾糠4.0份、玉米酒糟7.0份、全脂米糠10.0、豆油1.2份、磷脂油1.2份、动物肝脏2.0份、酵母粉6.0份、磷酸二氢钙2.5份、膨润土1.6份、食盐0.3份、虾多维0.3份、虾多矿0.3份、粘合剂0.2份、抗应激剂0.4份；
其中，抗应激剂各组分按质量份数计包括：VC：16.0份，VE：12.0份，茶树精油：32.0份，山银花提取物28.0份，叶黄素提取物12.0份。
4.权利要求1所述的一种龙虾用配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
第一步，将动物肝脏用蒸锅于100-120℃下蒸煮0.5-1小时，冷却后放入研磨机研磨0.5-1小时，得肝脏糜；
第二步，按比例称取各原料组分，混合均匀，经过超微粉碎机粉碎，100目筛上物小于10％；
第三步，将物料移入调制器，通入85-95℃水蒸气调制5-8分钟，在85-95℃的温度下进行挤压制粒。
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Application publication date: 20210122 |