CN112243684A - Cotton stalk cutting bundling harvester - Google Patents
Cotton stalk cutting bundling harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243684A CN112243684A CN202011267220.2A CN202011267220A CN112243684A CN 112243684 A CN112243684 A CN 112243684A CN 202011267220 A CN202011267220 A CN 202011267220A CN 112243684 A CN112243684 A CN 112243684A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/02—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having reciprocating cutters
- A01D34/13—Cutting apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D37/00—Reaper-binders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/09—Details
Abstract
The invention relates to a cotton straw cutting and bundling harvester which comprises a guider, a shearing device, a picking device, a chain wheel transmission device, a rack, a cutting device, a reduction box and a bundling device. The invention carries out cotton stalk cutting, harvesting and bundling operation after cotton harvesting is finished, can harvest the whole cotton stalk without aligning and can cut off the whole cotton stalk from the position of 2-5cm above the ground surface, thereby maximizing the utilization rate of the harvested stalk, adopts an eccentric rocker arm connecting rod with simple structure and convenient maintenance, utilizes a spiral roller to realize dynamic adjustment before cotton stalk cutting, and further improves the cutting stability and the cutter life by applying a positioning spring and a clearance star-shaped cutter, and combines the machinery and sensor technology, so that the invention has the characteristics of wide application range, simple structure, high cutting stability and efficiency, adjustability and controllability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cotton straw cutting and bundling harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
China has rich cotton stalk resources and huge yield. According to the statistics and investigation of 2019, the planting area of cotton in China reaches 3339.2 kilo hectares, the planting area of Xinjiang cotton reaches 2540.5 kilo hectares, and the annual yield of cotton straws is estimated to reach 2760 million tons. The cotton straw is rich in lignocellulose, bast fiber, crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances, has considerable development and utilization potential, and is an important novel energy development and utilization raw material. The national attention on environmental protection and the release of the policy of upgrading, increasing the efficiency and utilizing renewable resources, the yield of cotton stalk resources is continuously improved, and high-efficiency cotton stalk harvesting machinery is urgently needed in each cotton production area. At present, cotton stalks are utilized by 'fertilizer, feed, fuel, base and raw materials', and the nutritive value and the structure of the stalks are improved by different technical means after harvesting, such as stalk organic fertilizer, stalk micro-feed, stalk paper-making technology, stalk power generation and the like. However, there are different requirements for the length of the harvested straw in practical straw applications: the straws required by organic fertilizers and feed factories are short and small and have high chopping degree, while the straws with longer length and better integrity are required by industries such as papermaking and the like, so that the targeted harvest according to the needs is one of the future trends.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a cotton stalk cutting and bundling harvester which can realize the cutting, cutting off and bundling harvesting of cotton stalks in the field, wherein the operation depth is regulated and controlled by a depth limiting wheel, the root and stem separation of the cotton stalks is realized by the cutting of a movable cutter and a fixed cutter, the distance between the cutting cutter and the ground is 2-5cm, and the maximum utilization of the cotton stalks is realized; the cutting device is provided with an elastic cutting mechanism, so that the durability of the cutter can be effectively improved, and the operation efficiency can be indirectly improved; the bundling device adopts a scheme of combining a mechanical structure and a sensor to realize semi-automatic control.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cotton straw cutting and bundling harvester comprises a guider 1, a shearing device 2, a pickup device 4, a chain wheel transmission device 5, a rack 7, a cutting device 8, a reduction gearbox 9 and a bundling device 11.
The guider 1 comprises a guide rotating shaft and a plurality of rows of comb teeth rows which are fixedly connected to the guide rotating shaft at equal intervals, two ends of the guide rotating shaft are respectively arranged at the front ends of the left side plate and the right side plate of the rack 7 through bearings, and the comb teeth rows are used for combing disordered cotton stalks.
The shearing device 2 is positioned below the guider 1; the shearing device 2 comprises a fixed cutter 19, a movable cutter 20, a supporting guard bar 21, a sliding plate 22 and an eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17; two ends of the supporting guard bar 21 are respectively fixedly connected to left and right side plates of the frame 7, the sliding plate 22 is arranged on the supporting guard bar 21 in a left-right reciprocating sliding manner, a plurality of fixed cutters 19 are fixedly connected to the front end of the supporting guard bar 21 at equal intervals, and a plurality of movable cutters 20 corresponding to the fixed cutters 19 one by one are fixedly connected to the front end of the sliding plate 22 at equal intervals; one end of the sliding plate 22 is connected with the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17; the reduction box 9 transmits power to the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17 through the chain wheel transmission device 5, the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17 converts rotation into reciprocating swing motion, the sliding plate 23 is driven to slide on the supporting guard bar 21 in a left-right reciprocating mode, and then the cotton stalks are sheared by the movable cutter 20 and the fixed cutter 19.
The picking device 4 comprises a straw poking wheel 23, a receiving bottom plate 25 and a spiral roller 6; the straw poking wheel 23 is positioned behind the guider 1 and the shearing device 2, two ends of a straw poking shaft 26 of the straw poking wheel 23 are respectively installed on a left side plate and a right side plate of the rack 7 through bearings, and a plurality of straw poking teeth 24 for conveying cotton stalks to the rear are distributed on the surface of a wheel body of the straw poking wheel 23; the receiving bottom plate 25 is arranged in the middle of the rear part of the straw poking wheel 23, and the two spiral rollers 6 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the rear part of the straw poking wheel 23, are arranged on the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame 7 and are used for gathering cotton stalks on the two sides to the receiving bottom plate 25; the reduction box 9 transmits power to the stalk poking shaft 26 and the spiral roller 6 through the chain wheel transmission device 5.
The cutting device 8 is positioned behind the pickup device 4, and the cutting device 8 comprises a positioning spring 27, a serrated knife adjusting shaft 28, a serrated knife 29, a gap star-shaped knife 30, a serrated knife shaft 31 and a star-shaped knife shaft 32; two ends of a serrated knife adjusting shaft 28, a serrated knife cutter shaft 31 and a star-shaped knife cutter shaft 32 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top are respectively installed on left and right side plates of the rack 7 through bearings; a plurality of clearance star-shaped cutters 30 are fixedly connected on a star-shaped cutter shaft 32 at equal intervals, a plurality of toothed cutters 29 are fixedly connected on a toothed cutter shaft 31 at equal intervals, and a plurality of positioning springs 27 which are connected with the toothed cutters 29 in a one-to-one correspondence manner are fixedly connected on a toothed cutter adjusting shaft 28; the reduction box 9 transmits power to the star-shaped cutter shaft 32 through the chain wheel transmission device 5.
The gap star-shaped knife 30 is composed of two square star-shaped knives which are identical in shape, are arranged in parallel and are spaced at a certain distance, each toothed knife 29 corresponds to a gap between the two square star-shaped knives of one gap star-shaped knife 30, and the width of the gap between the two square star-shaped knives is larger than the thickness of the toothed knife 29, so that the toothed knife 29 can pass through the gap between the two square star-shaped knives to finish the shearing of cotton stalks.
The bundling device 11 is positioned behind the cutting device 8, and the bundling device 11 comprises a conveying device 10, a bundling roller 33 and a hydraulic cylinder 15; a plurality of binding rollers 33 installed on the left and right side plates of the frame 7 form a cylindrical binding space; the conveyor 10 is located between the inlet of the baling space and the cutting device 8; the left side plate and the right side plate of the rack 7 corresponding to the bundling space are of an opening and closing structure controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 15, the bundling rollers 33 are divided into a front roller and a rear roller, and the reduction gearbox 9 transmits power to the bundling rollers 33 through the chain wheel transmission device 5 to drive the front roller and the rear roller to rotate reversely.
The distance between adjacent stationary knives 19 is 4 cm.
The front ends of the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame 7 are respectively provided with a depth wheel 18 for controlling the distance between a fixed knife 19 and a movable knife 20 of the shearing device 2 and the ground surface, and the distance is 2-5 cm.
The included angle alpha between the fixed knife 19 and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees.
The gap star-shaped cutters 30 are fixed at intervals by pressing rings.
The plurality of gap star-shaped cutters 30 on the star-shaped cutter shaft 32 are spirally arranged, and the stagger angle beta of two adjacent gap star-shaped cutters 30 is 120-130 degrees.
According to different harvesting requirements, the quantity of the toothed knives 29 participating in cutting is adjusted by disconnecting or connecting the position adjusting spring 27 and the toothed knives 29, so that the straw cutting length is controlled.
And the bundling roller 33 is provided with a pressure sensor 12 for monitoring the pressure of the straw bundle on the bundling roller 33.
And displacement sensors 14 are arranged at the opening and closing structures of the left side plate and the right side plate of the rack 7 and used for monitoring the opening and closing sizes.
The front part of the frame 7 is provided with a traction frame 3 connected with a tractor, and the rear part is provided with a walking wheel 16.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the existing straw harvesting machinery mainly aims at straws with relatively low lignification degrees such as wheat and corn, the types of cotton straw harvesting machines with high lignification degrees are few, and the types of machines integrating shearing, cutting and compression bundling are few and few. The shearing force required by shearing the cotton stalks is large, and the straw harvester for wheat and the like cannot meet the requirements of the cotton stalks. Therefore, a novel shearing device is designed by combining the actual cotton stalk stem thickness with the existing planting agriculture, the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod is utilized to drive the sliding plate to slide left and right, the shearing operation of the movable cutter and the fixed cutter is realized, the structure is simple, the maintenance is more convenient, and the reliability and the stability are improved; the shearing knife can work 2-5cm away from the ground surface by combining the depth wheel to realize the maximization of the harvesting length of the cotton stalks. The machine has wide applicability to cotton fields and higher efficiency.
2. The invention uses the spiral roller to realize the arrangement and compression of the cotton stalks, so that the cotton stalks are convenient to cut off; the rotation of spiral roller is transmitted the cotton stalk of picking up both sides to the centre, and its spiral rotates simultaneously and makes the cotton stalk slope of removing fluffy back twist reverse, and the length and the hardness of straw self make it can keep certain length to be in unsettledly when the slope rotates, and the rotation of this section of unsettled straw can assist the straw of intermediate position results to keep flat the compression arrangement, makes middle cutting area straw shop level and be in certain compaction state.
3. The cotton stalk cutting machine completes the cutting of cotton stalks by utilizing the staggered action of the gap star-shaped cutter and the serrated cutter, the positioning spring can control the operation quantity of the serrated cutter, the cutting is stable by utilizing the buffer action of the spring, and the service time of the cutter is prolonged; the cutting length of the straws can be dynamically adjusted by controlling the working amount of the serrated knives so as to meet different harvesting requirements. The gap star-shaped cutters are arranged spirally, so that the impact force and the impact moment of cutting straws can be effectively relieved.
4. The binding device of the invention uses the power input wheel to provide power to realize rotation compression, straws conveyed by the conveyor belt are firstly accumulated at the lower part of the binding device, and along with the increase of the number of the cotton straws input into the binding device, the cotton straws accumulated at the bottom of the binding device are driven by the roller to roll and rotate, and new cotton straws input from the conveying device are covered and pressed under the influence of self gravity, so that the cotton straws are continuously rolled and bound like snowballing. When loose cotton stalks are filled in the whole bundling device, the loose cotton stalks can be compacted from outside to inside by a little point through continuous input of the cotton stalks and continuous rotation of the roller to form an outer tight and inner loose cotton stalk bundle, when the compression pressure reaches the preset upper limit value of the pressure sensor on the roller, the pressure alarm sounds, and a driver supports the rear cabin door of the bundling device through the hydraulic cylinder to discharge the cotton stalk bundle. And judging whether the opening and closing meets the discharge requirement or not by using a displacement sensor, closing the cabin door after the opening and closing meets the requirement for a certain time, and repeating the steps to realize the harvesting and packing of the cotton straws. The compactness of the cotton stalks to be bundled is controllable, the bundling operation with specific requirements can be realized through different pressure presettings, the high-density deformation compression of the cotton stalks can be realized, and the prototype compression of the cotton stalks can also be realized, so that the cotton stalks are suitable for various post-processing requirements.
The invention takes cotton straws as objects to realize the harvesting operation of cutting and bundling the cotton straws in the cotton field after shearing, and the shearing part utilizes the depth limiting wheel to shear the straws 2-5cm away from the ground surface near the ground surface, thereby realizing the maximization of the harvesting and utilizing of straw resources; the torsional arrangement of the spiral roller assists the efficient cutting of the cutting device, the cutting device utilizes the position adjusting spring to control the operation quantity of the toothed cutters to realize the acquisition of different cotton stalk lengths, and meanwhile, the position adjusting spring of the toothed cutters and the spiral arrangement mode of the gap star-shaped cutters can effectively reduce impact force and impact torque, the service life of the cutters is effectively prolonged, and the operation efficiency is obviously improved; the bundling device adopts a mode of combining machinery and a sensor, is safe and stable, realizes semi-automation and promotes the operation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural view of a cotton stalk cutting and bundling harvester according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cotton straw cutting and bundling harvester of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the guide 1;
FIG. 4a is a first schematic structural diagram of the shearing apparatus 2;
FIG. 4b is a schematic structural diagram II of the shearing device 2;
FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of an angle between the stationary knife 19 and the horizontal direction;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the pickup device 4;
fig. 6a is a schematic structural view of the cutting device 9;
FIG. 6b is a schematic view of the structure of the gap star blade 30;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the bundling apparatus 11.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 guider 2 shearing mechanism
3 traction frame 4 pickup attachment
5 driving device 6 spiral roller
7 frame 8 cutting device
9 reduction box 10 conveying device
11 bundling device 12 pressure sensor
14 displacement sensor
15 hydraulic cylinder 16 walking wheel
17 deflection rocker arm connecting rod 18 depth wheel
19 fixed knife and 20 movable knife
21 support guard bar 22 sliding plate
23 stalk poking wheel 24 stalk poking teeth
25 adapting bottom plate 26 stalk pulling shaft
27 position-adjusting spring 28 serrated knife adjusting shaft
29-tooth cutter and 30-gap star-shaped cutter
31-tooth cutter shaft 32 star-shaped cutter shaft
33 bundling roller
Angle between alpha knife 18 and horizontal plane
Beta adjacent two gap star-shaped cutters 30 with staggered angles in the axial direction of the star-shaped cutter shaft 32
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a cotton straw cutting and bundling harvester comprises a guider 1, a shearing device 2, a pickup device 4, a chain wheel transmission device 5, a frame 7, a cutting device 8, a reduction gearbox 9 and a bundling device 11. And the frame 7 is provided with a traction frame 3 connected with a tractor.
As shown in fig. 3, the guider 1 includes a guiding rotating shaft and a plurality of comb teeth rows fixed on the guiding rotating shaft at equal intervals, two ends of the guiding rotating shaft are respectively installed at the front ends of the left and right side plates of the frame 7 through bearings, and the comb teeth rows comb disordered cotton stalks.
The shearing device 2 is located below the guide 1. As shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the shearing device 2 comprises a fixed knife 19, a movable knife 20, a supporting guard bar 21, a sliding plate 22 and an eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17; two ends of the supporting guard bar 21 are respectively fixedly connected to left and right side plates of the frame 7, the sliding plate 22 is arranged on the supporting guard bar 21 in a left-right reciprocating sliding manner, a plurality of fixed cutters 19 are fixedly connected to the front end of the supporting guard bar 21 at equal intervals, and a plurality of movable cutters 20 corresponding to the fixed cutters 19 one by one are fixedly connected to the front end of the sliding plate 22 at equal intervals; one end of the sliding plate 22 is connected with the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17; the reduction box 9 transmits power to the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17 through the chain wheel transmission device 5, the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod 17 converts rotation into reciprocating swing motion, the sliding plate 23 is driven to slide on the supporting guard bar 21 in a left-right reciprocating mode, and then the cotton stalks are sheared by the movable cutter 20 and the fixed cutter 19.
According to the actual cotton close planting agricultural technology and the actual cotton stem thickness, the spacing distance between the adjacent fixed knives 19 is 4 cm.
The front ends of the left and right side plates of the frame 7 are respectively provided with a depth wheel 18 for controlling the distance between the fixed knife 19 and the movable knife 20 of the shearing device 2 and the ground surface, and the distance is preferably 2-5 cm. And a travelling wheel 16 is arranged at the rear part of the frame 7.
As shown in fig. 4c, the angle α between the stationary knife 19 and the horizontal plane is 5-10 °.
As shown in figure 5, the pick-up device 4 comprises a straw poking wheel 23, a receiving floor 25 and a spiral drum 6; the straw poking wheel 23 is positioned behind the guider 1 and the shearing device 2, two ends of a straw poking shaft 26 of the straw poking wheel 23 are respectively installed on left and right side plates of the rack 7 through bearings, and a plurality of straw poking teeth 24 used for conveying cotton stalks to the rear are distributed on the surface of a wheel body of the straw poking wheel 23. The carrying bottom plate 25 is arranged in the middle of the rear part of the straw poking wheel 23, and the two spiral rollers 6 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the rear part of the straw poking wheel 23, are arranged on the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame 7 and are used for gathering cotton stalks on the two sides to the carrying bottom plate 25. The reduction box 9 transmits power to the stalk poking shaft 26 and the spiral roller 6 through the chain wheel transmission device 5.
As shown in fig. 6a, the cutting device 8 is located behind the pickup device 4, and the cutting device 8 comprises a positioning spring 27, a serrated knife adjusting shaft 28, a serrated knife 29, a gap star-shaped knife 30, a serrated knife shaft 31 and a star-shaped knife shaft 32; two ends of a serrated knife adjusting shaft 28, a serrated knife cutter shaft 31 and a star-shaped knife cutter shaft 32 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top are respectively installed on left and right side plates of the rack 7 through bearings; a plurality of spaced star knives 30 are fixed to the star knife shaft 32 at equal intervals, a plurality of teeth knives 29 are fixed to the tooth knife shaft 31 at equal intervals, and a plurality of positioning springs 27, which are connected to the teeth knives 29 in a one-to-one correspondence, are fixed to the tooth knife adjustment shaft 28. The reduction box 9 transmits power to the star-shaped cutter shaft 32 through the chain wheel transmission device 5.
The gap star-shaped knife 30 is composed of two square star-shaped knives which are identical in shape, are arranged in parallel and are spaced at a certain distance, each toothed knife 29 corresponds to a gap between the two square star-shaped knives of one gap star-shaped knife 30, and the width of the gap between the two square star-shaped knives is slightly larger than the thickness of the toothed knife 29, so that the toothed knife 29 can pass through the gap between the two square star-shaped knives to finish the shearing of cotton stalks.
The gap star-shaped cutters 30 are fixed at intervals by pressing rings.
As shown in fig. 6b, the plurality of spaced star knives 30 on the star knife shaft 32 are arranged spirally, and the staggered angle β between two adjacent spaced star knives 30 is 120 ° to 130 °.
According to different harvesting requirements, the quantity of the toothed knives 29 participating in cutting is adjusted by disconnecting or connecting the position adjusting spring 27 and the toothed knives 29, so that the straw cutting length is controlled.
The clearance star-shaped knife 30 rotates along with the star-shaped knife shaft 32, and two four-corner star-shaped knives of the clearance star-shaped knife 30 interact with the toothed knife 29 to generate cutting force to cut off cotton stalks; the buffering action of the position adjusting spring 27 enables the cutting to be stable, and the service time of the cutter is prolonged; the gap star-shaped cutters 30 arranged spirally can also effectively relieve the impact force and the impact moment of cutting straws.
As shown in fig. 7, the bundling device 11 is located behind the cutting device 8, and the bundling device 11 includes a conveying device 10, a bundling roller 33, and a hydraulic cylinder 15. A plurality of binding rollers 33 installed on the left and right side plates of the frame 7 form a cylindrical binding space; the conveying device 10 is positioned between the inlet of the bundling space and the cutting device 8 and conveys the cotton stalks chopped by the cutting device 8 into the bundling space. The left side plate and the right side plate of the rack 7 corresponding to the bundling space are of an opening and closing structure controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 15, the bundling rollers 33 are divided into a front roller and a rear roller, and the reduction gearbox 9 transmits power to the bundling rollers 33 through the chain wheel transmission device 5 to drive the front roller and the rear roller to rotate reversely.
And the bundling roller 33 is provided with a pressure sensor 12 for monitoring the pressure of the straw bundle on the bundling roller 33. And displacement sensors 14 are arranged at the opening and closing structures of the left side plate and the right side plate of the rack 7 and used for monitoring the opening and closing sizes.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when the machine works, the cotton straws are guided and sheared by the guider 1 and the shearing device 2 which are positioned at the foremost end under the cooperative operation of the pickup device 4, the structure is simple, the maintenance is convenient, and the reliability and the stability are improved; the combination of the depth wheel 18 enables the shearing knife to work 2-5cm away from the ground surface, so that the harvesting length of the cotton stalks is maximized. Meanwhile, the sheared cotton stalks are thrown to a cutting area by the rotating pickup device 4, then the cotton stalks on two sides are transferred to the middle by the spiral roller 6, the spiral rotation of the spiral roller enables the cotton stalks with light top-removed stalks to be obliquely twisted, the length and the hardness of the straws enable the straws to be suspended with a certain length when the straws are obliquely twisted, and the rotation of the suspended straws further flattens and twists and arranges the vertical straws harvested at the middle position to enable the straws to be laid horizontally and compacted in the middle cutting area; secondly, the cotton stalks are cut off under the matching of the gap star-shaped cutter 30 and the toothed cutter 29, the actual operation quantity of the toothed cutter 29 is controlled by the fixing action of the positioning spring 27 on the toothed cutter 29, the cutting off work can be finished by the toothed cutter 29 controlled by the spring, the cutting off action is lost without the spring control, the cutting is stable due to the buffer action of the spring, and the service time of the cutter is prolonged; the straw cutting length can be dynamically adjusted by controlling the working amount of the serrated knives so as to meet different harvesting requirements, and the gap star-shaped knives 30 are spirally arranged, so that the impact force and the impact moment of cutting straws can be effectively relieved. Finally, the conveying device 10 sends the cut cotton stalks to a bundling space of the bundling device 11, along with the increase of the number of the cotton stalks in the input bundling space, the cotton stalks accumulated at the bottom of the bundling space are driven by the bundling roller 33 to roll and rotate, new cotton stalks input from the conveying device 10 are pressed under the influence of self gravity, and the cotton stalks are bundled by continuous rolling like snowball rolling. When loose cotton stalks are full of the whole bundling space, the cotton stalks are continuously input and the bundling roller 33 continuously rotates, the loose cotton stalks are compacted from outside to inside a little, an outer tight and inner loose cotton stalk bundle is formed, when the compression pressure reaches the preset upper limit value of the pressure sensor 12 on the bundling roller 33, an alarm in a cab sounds, a driver opens the opening and closing structure of the left side plate and the right side plate of the rack 7 through the control hydraulic cylinder 15, the cotton stalk bundle is discharged, meanwhile, whether the opening and closing requirements are met or not is judged by means of the displacement sensor 14, and the opening and closing structure is closed after a certain time. The cotton stalk cutting and bundling harvester can harvest and pack the cotton stalk. The compactness of the cotton stalks to be bundled is controllable, the bundling operation with specific requirements can be realized through different pressure presettings, the high-density deformation compression of the cotton stalks can be realized, and the prototype compression of the cotton stalks can also be realized, so that the cotton stalks are suitable for various post-processing requirements.
Claims (10)
1. A cotton straw cutting and bundling harvester is characterized by comprising a guider (1), a shearing device (2), a pickup device (4), a chain wheel transmission device (5), a machine frame (7), a cutting device (8), a reduction gearbox (9) and a bundling device (11);
the guider (1) comprises a guide rotating shaft and a plurality of comb tooth rows which are fixedly connected to the guide rotating shaft at equal intervals, two ends of the guide rotating shaft are respectively installed at the front ends of a left side plate and a right side plate of the rack (7) through bearings, and the comb tooth rows are used for combing disordered cotton stalks;
the shearing device (2) is positioned below the guider (1); the shearing device (2) comprises a fixed cutter (19), a movable cutter (20), a supporting guard bar (21), a sliding plate (22) and an eccentric rocker arm connecting rod (17); two ends of the supporting guard bar (21) are respectively fixedly connected to left and right side plates of the rack (7), the sliding plate (22) can be installed on the supporting guard bar (21) in a left-right reciprocating sliding mode, a plurality of fixed cutters (19) are fixedly connected to the front end of the supporting guard bar (21) at equal intervals, and a plurality of movable cutters (20) which correspond to the fixed cutters (19) one by one are fixedly connected to the front end of the sliding plate (22) at equal intervals; one end of the sliding plate (22) is connected with the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod (17); the reduction box (9) transmits power to the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod (17) through the chain wheel transmission device (5), the eccentric rocker arm connecting rod (17) converts rotation into reciprocating swing motion, and the sliding plate (23) is driven to slide on the supporting guard bar (21) in a left-right reciprocating manner, so that cotton stalks are sheared by the movable cutter (20) and the fixed cutter (19);
the picking device (4) comprises a straw poking wheel (23), a receiving bottom plate (25) and a spiral roller (6); the straw poking wheel (23) is positioned behind the guider (1) and the shearing device (2), two ends of a straw poking shaft (26) of the straw poking wheel (23) are respectively installed on a left side plate and a right side plate of the rack (7) through bearings, and a plurality of straw poking teeth (24) used for conveying cotton stalks to the rear are distributed on the surface of a wheel body of the straw poking wheel (23); the carrying bottom plate (25) is arranged in the middle of the rear part of the straw poking wheel (23), and the two spiral rollers (6) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the rear part of the straw poking wheel (23), are arranged on the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame (7), and are used for gathering cotton stalks on the two sides to the carrying bottom plate (25); the reduction gearbox (9) transmits power to the stalk pulling shaft (26) and the spiral roller (6) through the chain wheel transmission device (5);
the cutting device (8) is positioned behind the pickup device (4), and the cutting device (8) comprises a positioning spring (27), a serrated knife adjusting shaft (28), a serrated knife (29), a gap star-shaped knife (30), a serrated knife shaft (31) and a star-shaped knife shaft (32); two ends of a serrated knife adjusting shaft (28), a serrated knife shaft (31) and a star-shaped knife shaft (32) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top are respectively installed on left and right side plates of the rack (7) through bearings; a plurality of clearance star-shaped cutters (30) are fixedly connected on a star-shaped cutter shaft (32) at equal intervals, a plurality of toothed cutters (29) are fixedly connected on a toothed cutter shaft (31) at equal intervals, and a plurality of positioning springs (27) which are in one-to-one correspondence connection with the toothed cutters (29) are fixedly connected on a toothed cutter adjusting shaft (28); the reduction box (9) transmits power to the star-shaped cutter shaft (32) through the chain wheel transmission device (5);
the gap star-shaped knife (30) consists of two square star-shaped knives which are same in shape, are arranged in parallel at a certain distance, each tooth-shaped knife (29) corresponds to the gap between the two square star-shaped knives of one gap star-shaped knife (30), and the width of the gap between the two square star-shaped knives is larger than the thickness of the tooth-shaped knife (29), so that the tooth-shaped knife (29) can pass through the gap between the two square star-shaped knives to finish the shearing of cotton stalks;
the bundling device (11) is positioned behind the cutting device (8), and the bundling device (11) comprises a conveying device (10), a bundling roller (33) and a hydraulic cylinder (15); a plurality of bundling rollers (33) arranged on the left and right side plates of the frame (7) form a cylindrical bundling space; the conveying device (10) is positioned between the inlet of the bundling space and the cutting device (8); the left side plate and the right side plate of the rack (7) corresponding to the bundling space are of an opening and closing structure controlled by a hydraulic cylinder (15), a plurality of bundling rollers (33) are divided into front rollers and rear rollers, and the reduction gearbox (9) transmits power to the bundling rollers (33) through a chain wheel transmission device (5) to drive the front rollers and the rear rollers to rotate reversely.
2. The cotton stalk cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein the spacing distance between adjacent stationary knives (19) is 4 cm.
3. The cotton straw cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein the front ends of the left and right side plates of the frame (7) are each provided with a depth wheel (18) for controlling the distance between the stationary knife (19) and the movable knife (20) of the shearing device (2) and the ground surface, said distance being 2-5 cm.
4. The cotton stalk cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein said stationary knife (19) is angled from 5-10 ° to the horizontal.
5. The cotton stalk cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein the gap star knives (30) are fixed spaced apart by a clamping ring.
6. The cotton stalk cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of spaced star knives (30) on the star knife shaft (32) are arranged spirally, and the stagger angle β of two adjacent spaced star knives (30) is 120-130 °.
7. The cotton stalk cutting and bundling harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting length of the stalks is controlled by disconnecting or connecting the position adjusting spring (27) and the toothed cutter (29) and adjusting the number of the toothed cutter (29) participating in the cutting according to different harvesting requirements.
8. The cotton straw cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein said baling drum (33) is provided with a pressure sensor (12) for monitoring the pressure of the straw bale against the baling drum (33).
9. The cotton stalk cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing structure of the left and right side plates of the frame (7) is provided with a displacement sensor (14) for monitoring the opening and closing size.
10. The cotton stalk cutting and baling harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the front part of said frame (7) is provided with a traction frame (3) connected to a tractor.
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| CN202011267220.2A CN112243684B (en) | 2020-11-13 | Cotton stalk cutting bundling harvester |
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| CN202011267220.2A CN112243684B (en) | 2020-11-13 | Cotton stalk cutting bundling harvester |
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| CN112243684A true CN112243684A (en) | 2021-01-22 |
| CN112243684B CN112243684B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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| CN113412725A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-21 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Header and self-propelled straw crushing and bundling machine are smashed to high stem crop straw |
| CN114208509A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-22 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Dustproof feeding device for deep processing of pasture and using method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113412725A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-21 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Header and self-propelled straw crushing and bundling machine are smashed to high stem crop straw |
| CN113412725B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-07-19 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Header and self-propelled straw crushing and bundling machine are smashed to high stem crop straw |
| CN114208509A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-22 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Dustproof feeding device for deep processing of pasture and using method thereof |
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