CN112228769A - Liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system and method based on anti-freezing control - Google Patents
Liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system and method based on anti-freezing control Download PDFInfo
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/023—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the mass as the parameter
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
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- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
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- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F17C13/10—Arrangements for preventing freezing
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- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
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- F17D1/005—Pipe-line systems for a two-phase gas-liquid flow
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- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
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- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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Abstract
A liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system and method based on anti-freezing control comprises a ground liquid methane storage tank, a vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger and an rocket liquid methane storage tank, wherein the rocket liquid methane storage tank, a filling pipeline, an engine and other components are pre-cooled by cold nitrogen gasified by liquid nitrogen before filling, a mode of supercooling while filling is adopted during filling, supercooled liquid methane of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger enters the rocket storage tank after reaching a 95K temperature zone, and the flow and supercooling degree in the filling system are flexibly controlled by adopting composite regulation based on pressure control and liquid level control; once the liquid methane is detected to be frozen, switching pipelines immediately, and carrying out rapid rewarming and melting treatment by adopting high-pressure nitrogen; meanwhile, the pressure of a gas pillow area of the liquid methane storage tank on the rocket and the maintenance of the supercooling degree of the liquid methane are controlled by the gasified cold nitrogen gas; the invention realizes the functions of obtaining the liquid methane large supercooling degree, controlling the liquid methane supercooling anti-freezing, adaptively adjusting different flow rates and set temperature regions by the supercooling heat exchanger and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acquisition and filling of supercooling degree of liquid methane in a low-temperature rocket launching site, in particular to a liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system and method based on anti-freezing control.
Background
With the development of aerospace technology, the low-temperature carrier rocket gradually moves towards commercialization, and the low-temperature propellant is transited from the most popular liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen and liquid oxygen/kerosene combination to the liquid methane/liquid oxygen combination with better commercial application prospect, so that the liquid methane is more and more valued as a novel propulsion fuel. There are many advantages to using liquid methane/liquid oxygen as a low temperature rocket fuel: 1. the liquefaction temperature (111.7K) is higher than that of hydrogen, the liquefaction is easy, the production and storage cost is low, and the temperature difference between liquid methane and liquid oxygen is much smaller than that between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen; 2. density of liquid methane (422.36 kg/m)3) Higher than liquid hydrogen (70.85 kg/m)3) The fuel requirement volume of the same energy is greatly reduced; 3. liquid methane is not easy to coke when burning, the combustion products are clean, the specific impulse is slightly higher than that of liquid oxygen/kerosene, the low-temperature engine can be repeatedly used,the advantages of commercial application are outstanding; 4. the design difficulty is small, and the system transformation of a liquid oxygen/kerosene engine can be continued.
Although the liquid methane/liquid oxygen has obvious application advantages as low-temperature fuel, the liquid methane/liquid oxygen has no practical application case in the aerospace history for historical reasons, but the recent development of liquid methane/liquid oxygen engines at home and abroad is successively successful. In foreign countries, the room pressure of a Raptor 'prey bird' liquid methane/liquid oxygen engine in an ignition experiment reaches 300bar, and a BE-4 liquid methane/liquid oxygen engine also realizes a 100% thrust test in 2019, and the thrust reaches 240 tons; in China, the 'Tianqu' liquid methane/liquid oxygen engine is a double-low-temperature liquid rocket engine with the largest thrust at present and is also a high-thrust liquid methane/liquid oxygen rocket engine which completes whole-system test examination in the third world, and the thrust reaches 80 tons.
From the above published literature reports, it is known that liquid methane applications follow the development route of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, which still adopt the normal boiling point regime as a propellant. Although this state makes the cryogenic rocket launch system relatively simple, liquid methane is relatively inefficient in thermodynamic performance and cannot take full advantage of its advantages. Therefore, in order to further improve the quality of the liquid methane, the applicant proposes that the thermodynamic property of the liquid methane is improved by adopting a supercooling mode, the self density, the unit volume refrigeration capacity and the viscosity are increased, and the saturation pressure is reduced, so that the effective load of the low-temperature carrier rocket is improved, the fault tolerance of a launching system is improved, and the period of deep space exploration is prolonged. For example, when the liquid methane is supercooled from the normal boiling point state (111.67K) to the triple point state (90.694K), the density can be improved by 6.7%, the unit volume refrigeration capacity (the heat required by the unit volume low-temperature propellant to rise from the supercooled state to the normal boiling point state) is increased by 31.9KJ, and the application value is considerable.
For deep supercooled liquid methane as a low-temperature rocket fuel, no mature application precedent exists at home and abroad, and the filling scheme of normal boiling point liquid hydrogen or liquid oxygen is not suitable for directly inheriting and applying to deep supercooled liquid methane. Therefore, a set of filling system capable of being used for deep supercooled liquid methane needs to be developed to provide technical support for application of deep supercooled liquid methane.
At present, the deep supercooling degree of liquid methane is obtained mainly by four methods: firstly, a cooling technology of a large helium refrigerator is adopted; a second step of evacuation, decompression and cooling of the liquid methane; ③ helium bubbling cooling technology; 77K liquid nitrogen heat exchange cooling technology. Through calculation and analysis, the method for obtaining the deep supercooled liquid methane by adopting the 77K liquid nitrogen heat exchange cooling technology is the most economical, simple and reliable method, but the method is still applied to a low-temperature rocket launching field filling system and has the following technical difficulties: 1. the problem of freezing prevention of the deep supercooled liquid methane. When 77K liquid nitrogen is adopted for cooling, the liquid methane is easy to solidify, because the freezing point of the liquid methane is higher (90.694K), when the liquid methane is filled in a launching field, if the liquid methane is not operated according to the designed flow or the liquid methane is stopped to be filled, the liquid methane can be frozen in a subcooler to block a filling pipeline, the possibility of influencing launching exists, and once the subcooler is designed, the filling flow and the liquid methane supercooling degree are difficult to adjust, so that the flexibility and the operability of the whole low-temperature rocket filling system are poor. 2. The precooling problem of the deep supercooled liquid methane to the filling pipeline, the engine and the storage tank on the rocket is solved. For normal boiling point liquid methane, the heat of a solid part can be taken away through a self phase change heat absorption gasification mode, and gas is led out from the top of a rocket storage tank or a reserved emptying port of a pipeline, so that the purpose of precooling is achieved, but deep supercooled liquid methane cannot be precooled by adopting the mode. 3. How to maintain a micro-positive pressure environment within the rocket tank. Because the corresponding saturation pressure of the liquid methane at 91K is 12.16kPa, the pressure is reduced by 88% compared with the saturation state, the liquid methane is in a negative pressure state, at the moment, the external air can easily enter the storage tank to cause the pollution of the liquid methane, and the structure of the storage tank on the arrow cannot bear overlarge negative pressure difference, if the storage tank on the arrow is used in the negative pressure state forcibly, the wall thickness of the storage tank on the arrow is increased, the advantages caused by the supercooling of the liquid methane are invisibly counteracted, and the micro-positive pressure environment in the storage tank is maintained as much as possible by a method when the storage tank on the arrow is filled with the deeply supercooled liquid methane.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system and method based on anti-freezing control, wherein a mode of supercooling while filling is adopted during filling, and the flow and supercooling degree of filling are flexibly controlled by adopting composite regulation based on pressure control and liquid level control so as to prevent the supercooled liquid methane from freezing and ensure the liquidity of the liquid methane at the outlet of a supercooling heat exchanger; once a supercooled liquid methane freezing signal is detected, switching pipelines immediately, and carrying out rapid rewarming and thawing treatment by adopting high-pressure nitrogen; meanwhile, the pressure of the gas pillow area of the liquid methane storage tank on the arrow and the maintenance of the supercooling degree of the liquid methane are realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system based on anti-freezing control comprises a ground liquid methane storage tank 1, a vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 and an arrow liquid methane storage tank 25, wherein the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is communicated with pressurized gas through a first valve 2, and the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is provided with a first safety valve 3; an outlet a of the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is connected with an inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 through a second valve 4, a third valve 5 and a fourth valve 7, and the third valve 5 is connected with the liquid methane pump 6 in parallel;
an inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is connected with an outlet of the nitrogen cylinder group 10 through a fifth valve 8, a pressure reducing valve 9; an inlet c of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is connected with an outlet of the liquid nitrogen tank wagon 11 through a first regulating valve 15 and a sixth valve 12; the outlet d of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 discharges liquid through a fourth regulating valve 16; the outlet of the sixth valve 12 is connected with the inlet g of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 through the gasification heat exchanger 13 and the second regulating valve 14, the outlet f of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 exhausts air through the third regulating valve 20, and the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is provided with a second safety valve 19; an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is connected with an inlet i of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 through a flowmeter 30, a filter 22 and a seventh valve 23; the pipeline between the filter 22 and the seventh valve 23 is connected with a liquid drainage air outlet through an eighth valve 24; an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is provided with a temperature differential pressure sensor 18 for controlling the opening degrees of the first regulating valve 15, the second regulating valve 14, the third regulating valve 20 and the fourth regulating valve 16;
an outlet of the gasification heat exchanger 13 is connected with a bottom inlet h of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 through a ninth valve 21, an outlet of the gasification heat exchanger 13 is connected with a top inlet j of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 through a fifth regulating valve 26, an outlet k of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 exhausts through a sixth regulating valve 28, the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 is provided with a pressure sensor 27 which controls the opening degrees of the fifth regulating valve 26 and the sixth regulating valve 28, the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 is provided with a third safety valve 29, and the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 is provided with a liquid level sensor 31.
The pipelines adopted for connection are high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation or polyurethane foaming heat insulation.
The first valve 2, the second valve 4, the third valve 5, the fourth valve 7, the sixth valve 12, the seventh valve 23, the eighth valve 24 and the ninth valve 21 are low-temperature stop valves.
The fifth valve 8 is a normal temperature stop valve.
The first regulating valve 15, the second regulating valve 14, the third regulating valve 20, the fourth regulating valve 16, the fifth regulating valve 26 and the sixth regulating valve 28 are low-temperature regulating valves with PID control.
The first safety valve 3, the second safety valve 19 and the third safety valve 29 are low-temperature safety angle valves.
The liquid methane pump 6 is a low-temperature liquid pump.
The nitrogen gas cylinder group 10 is a high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder group.
The ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is a high-vacuum multilayer heat-insulation low-temperature storage tank.
The vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is a low-temperature pressure-resistant bath type heat exchanger, and cooling media on the shell side are liquid nitrogen and nitrogen.
The rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 is a low-temperature storage tank made of foam materials and capable of insulating heat.
The filter 22 is a cryogenic fluid filter.
The flow meter 30 is a cryogenic fluid flow meter.
The liquid level sensor 31 is a capacitance type liquid level sensor.
The method for utilizing the liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system based on the anti-freezing control comprises the following steps:
the first step, gas replacement in the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 and the filling pipeline system: opening the pressure reducing valve 9, the fifth valve 8 and the seventh valve 23, and removing by nitrogen gas to replace the gas in the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 and the filling pipeline system;
secondly, precooling the rocket upper liquid methane storage tank 25: opening a sixth valve 12 and a ninth valve 21, controlling a sixth regulating valve 28 to be opened by a pressure sensor 27, enabling gasified low-temperature nitrogen to enter an upper rocket liquid methane storage tank 25, precooling an upper rocket liquid methane storage tank 25-95K temperature zone, closing the sixth valve 12 and the ninth valve 21 after precooling is finished, and closing the sixth regulating valve 28;
thirdly, regulating the flow rate and the supercooling degree of the liquid methane: opening a first valve 2, a second valve 4, a third valve 5, a fourth valve 7 and an eighth valve 24, inputting liquid methane into a pipeline through extrusion, monitoring the methane temperature at an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 by using a temperature differential pressure sensor 18, and controlling the opening states of a first regulating valve 15, a second regulating valve 14, a third regulating valve 20 and a fourth regulating valve 16 so that the liquid methane coming out of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 reaches the required supercooling degree for filling without freezing; when the supercooling degree and the filling flow required by the liquid methane are changed, the flow and the supercooling degree are required to be adjusted again;
fourthly, filling supercooled liquid methane on the arrow: after the working condition is stabilized, the eighth valve 24 is closed, the seventh valve 23 and the sixth regulating valve 28 are opened, and extrusion filling is carried out; the third valve 5 is closed, the liquid methane pump 6 is opened, and pumping pressure type large-flow filling can be carried out; in the filling process, the opening degrees of a fifth regulating valve 26 and a sixth regulating valve 28 are controlled by a pressure sensor 27 of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25, and the fifth regulating valve 26 is used for injecting nitrogen into an air pillow area of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25 to increase the pressure of the air pillow area; the sixth regulating valve 28 is used for exhausting air and reducing the pressure of the air pillow area; maintaining a micro-positive pressure environment in an air pillow area of the liquid methane storage tank 25 on the arrow;
fifthly, emergency treatment of pipeline freezing: when the temperature differential pressure sensor 18 detects freezing, the fourth valve 7 and the seventh valve 23 are immediately closed, the reducing valve 9, the fifth valve 8 and the eighth valve 24 are opened at the same time, and the filling pipeline is forcibly blown off and re-heated to be melted by normal-temperature nitrogen;
and sixthly, blowing residual gas in the pipeline: the liquid level sensor 31 is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid methane storage tank 25 on the rocket, filling is completed after the required liquid level is reached, the second valve 4, the fourth valve 7 and the seventh valve 23 are closed, and the liquid methane pump 6 is closed; opening the fifth valve 8 and the eighth valve 24, blowing residual liquid methane and methane gas in the pipeline after the high-pressure nitrogen is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 9, and closing the fifth valve 8 and the eighth valve 24 after blowing;
seventhly, maintaining the supercooling degree of the liquid methane: and in the parking period after the charging is finished, the sixth valve 12 and the ninth valve 21 are opened, nitrogen is injected into the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25, and the supercooling degree of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25 is maintained by utilizing the concentration difference of methane in nitrogen bubbles and liquid methane.
The third step is that the method for adjusting the flow and the supercooling degree again comprises the following steps: when the supercooling degree of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is required to be reduced, the second regulating valve 14 is opened to inject nitrogen, the pressure of the air pillow area is increased, the saturation temperature is increased along with the increase of the pressure, the pressure control is carried out, the fourth regulating valve 16 is opened to discharge partial liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger is reduced, the height of the air pillow is increased, the heat exchange area of the nitrogen and the air pillow is increased, the heat exchange area of the liquid is reduced, the whole heat transfer quantity is reduced, the supercooling degree of the liquid methane outlet is; when the temperature of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is high, the liquid methane cannot reach the required supercooling degree, the third regulating valve 20 is opened to discharge nitrogen, the pressure of the air pillow area is reduced, the saturation temperature of the liquid nitrogen is reduced accordingly, and the pressure control is realized; meanwhile, when the supercooling degree of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 needs to be increased, the first regulating valve 15 is opened to inject liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger is raised, the part of the heat exchange pipeline of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 exposed in the gas is reduced, the heat transfer quantity is increased, and liquid level control is achieved; in the filling process, the temperature and pressure difference sensor 18 always monitors the methane temperature and the pressure difference at the outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17, and controls the opening states of the first regulating valve 15, the second regulating valve 14, the third regulating valve 20 and the fourth regulating valve 16, so that the liquid methane coming out of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 reaches the supercooling degree and flow required by filling without freezing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in combination with various conditions which may actually occur in a low-temperature rocket launching field, the method uses the cold nitrogen gasified by the saturated liquid nitrogen to pre-cool the components such as the rocket upper liquid methane storage tank 25, the filling pipeline, the engine and the like before filling, and solves the problem of quality reduction caused by direct pre-cooling of methane in the deep supercooled liquid.
During filling, a mode of supercooling while filling is adopted, and the supercooled liquid methane is filled into the on-arrow liquid methane storage tank 25 by using the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17; in order to prevent the supercooled liquid methane from freezing, composite PID control based on pressure control and liquid level control is adopted, and the flow and the supercooling degree during filling are flexibly controlled, so that the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is accurately and reliably ensured to work under different filling flow and set target temperature regions. Meanwhile, a supercooled liquid methane freezing detection and melting rewarming system is considered, once a freezing signal is detected, pipelines are switched immediately, and high-pressure nitrogen is adopted for blowing, so that the supercooled liquid methane is ensured to be smoothly and rapidly injected.
The pressure of the gas pillow area is controlled by adopting cold nitrogen, so that a micro-positive pressure environment is always maintained in the liquid methane storage tank 25 on the rocket, and the risk of external gas permeating into the polluted liquid methane is reduced; and after the filling is finished, nitrogen is injected into the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 through the bottom inlet, and the nitrogen also has the function of maintaining the supercooling degree of the liquid methane in the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 by using concentration difference supercooling.
Meanwhile, the problem of processing liquid methane in the pipeline after filling is considered, in order to remove the residual liquid methane in the pipeline after filling is completed, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder blowing mode is adopted, and the residual liquid methane and methane gas in the pipeline and the system are quickly blown off through switching of a valve after filling is completed, so that the safety of the system and personnel is guaranteed.
In addition, the liquid methane full-supercooling filling can be adopted to cancel the supplement stage of the existing saturated filling, the purpose of quick filling is realized, the filling system can fall off in advance, sufficient inspection and debugging time is provided, the influence of the accident condition on the launching of the carrier rocket is reduced, and the fault tolerance of the low-temperature rocket launching system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system based on anti-freezing control comprises a ground liquid methane storage tank 1, a vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 and an arrow liquid methane storage tank 25, wherein the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is communicated with pressurized gas through a first valve 2, and is extruded and filled by the pressurized gas; the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is provided with a first safety valve 3 to prevent the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 from being over-pressurized;
an outlet a of the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is connected with an inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 through a second valve 4, a third valve 5 and a fourth valve 7 to form a squeezing filling pipeline; the third valve 5 is connected with the liquid methane pump 6 in parallel, and the outlet a of the ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is connected with the inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 through the second valve 4, the liquid methane pump 6 and the fourth valve 7 to form a large-flow pump-pressing type filling pipeline;
an inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is connected with an outlet of the nitrogen cylinder group 10 through a fifth valve 8, a pressure reducing valve 9 and the like, and is used for blowing off liquid methane and methane gas in a pipeline and a system after filling is finished and performing filling emergency treatment of rapid rewarming melting in the pipeline once a supercooled methane freezing signal is detected;
an inlet c of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is connected with an outlet of the liquid nitrogen tank wagon 11 through a first regulating valve 15 and a sixth valve 12, and is used for filling liquid nitrogen into the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17; the outlet d of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 discharges liquid through a fourth regulating valve 16 and is used for discharging liquid nitrogen in the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 to realize liquid level control;
an outlet of the sixth valve 12 is connected with an inlet g of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 through the gasification heat exchanger 13 and the second regulating valve 14, nitrogen is added into the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 through the liquid nitrogen tank wagon 11, and the pressure of an air pillow area is controlled; the outlet f of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 exhausts air through a third regulating valve 20, the pressure of an air pillow area is regulated, and pressure control is realized; the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is provided with a second safety valve 19 to prevent the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 from being over-pressurized;
an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is connected with an inlet i of the rocket-mounted liquid methane storage tank 25 through a flowmeter 30, a filter 22 and a seventh valve 23 and is used for deep subcooled liquid methane filling; a pipeline between the filter 22 and the seventh valve 23 is connected with a liquid drainage and exhaust port through an eighth valve 24, and a pipeline formed by an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17, the filter 22, the flowmeter 30, the seventh valve 23 and the eighth valve 24 is used for discharging redundant liquid methane and methane gas in the pipeline at a debugging stage before filling and after filling, and for discharging fast melting and rewarming treatment by adopting high-pressure nitrogen when a freezing phenomenon occurs; the filter 22 is used for filtering liquid methane, and the flowmeter 30 is used for monitoring the filling flow rate of deep supercooled liquid methane;
the outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is provided with a temperature differential pressure sensor 18 for controlling the opening degrees of the first regulating valve 15, the second regulating valve 14, the third regulating valve 20 and the fourth regulating valve 16 so as to realize the composite PID supercooling degree and flow control based on the combination of liquid level and pressure;
an outlet of the gasification heat exchanger 13 is connected with an inlet h at the bottom of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 through a ninth valve 21, and a pipeline formed by the liquid nitrogen tanker 11, the sixth valve 12, the gasification heat exchanger 13 and the ninth valve 21 is used for adding nitrogen to the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25, has a precooling effect before filling, and has a concentration difference supercooling effect during filling so as to maintain the supercooling degree of the liquid methane in the rocket liquid methane storage tank;
an outlet of the gasification heat exchanger 13 is connected with an inlet j at the top of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 through a fifth regulating valve 26, and a pipeline formed by the liquid nitrogen tanker 11, the sixth valve 12, the gasification heat exchanger 13 and the fifth regulating valve 26 is used for adding nitrogen to an air pillow area of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 and regulating the pressure of the air pillow area; the outlet k of the upper rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 is exhausted through a sixth regulating valve 28 for reducing the pressure of the air pillow area; the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25 is provided with a pressure sensor 27, the opening degree of a fifth regulating valve 26 and a sixth regulating valve 28 is controlled, and the micro-positive pressure environment of an air pillow area of the rocket-borne deep supercooling liquid methane storage tank 25 is maintained;
the rocket upper liquid methane storage tank 25 is provided with a third safety valve 29 to prevent the rocket upper liquid methane storage tank from being over-pressurized; the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 is provided with a liquid level sensor 31.
The pipelines adopted for connection are high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation or polyurethane foaming heat insulation.
The first valve 2, the second valve 4, the third valve 5, the fourth valve 7, the sixth valve 12, the seventh valve 23, the eighth valve 24 and the ninth valve 21 are low-temperature stop valves.
The fifth valve 8 is a normal temperature stop valve.
The first regulating valve 15, the second regulating valve 14, the third regulating valve 20, the fourth regulating valve 16, the fifth regulating valve 26 and the sixth regulating valve 28 are low-temperature regulating valves with PID control.
The first safety valve 3, the second safety valve 19 and the third safety valve 29 are low-temperature safety angle valves.
The liquid methane pump 6 is a low-temperature liquid pump and has the function of filling the system with large flow.
The nitrogen gas cylinder group 10 is a high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder group.
The ground liquid methane storage tank 1 is a high-vacuum multilayer heat-insulation low-temperature storage tank.
The vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is a low-temperature pressure-resistant bath type heat exchanger, and shell side cooling media are liquid nitrogen and nitrogen, so that the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger has the functions of obtaining the supercooling degree of liquid methane and regulating the flow.
The rocket-mounted liquid methane storage tank 25 is a foam material heat-insulation low-temperature storage tank and has the functions of micro-positive pressure dynamic regulation and liquid methane supercooling degree maintenance.
The filter 22 is a cryogenic fluid filter.
The flow meter 30 is a cryogenic fluid flow meter.
The liquid level sensor 31 is a capacitance type liquid level sensor.
The method for utilizing the liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system based on the anti-freezing control comprises the following steps:
the first step, gas replacement in the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 and the filling pipeline system: opening the pressure reducing valve 9, the fifth valve 8 and the seventh valve 23, and removing by nitrogen gas to replace the gas in the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 and the filling pipeline system;
secondly, precooling the rocket upper liquid methane storage tank 25: opening a sixth valve 12 and a ninth valve 21, controlling a sixth regulating valve 28 to be opened by a pressure sensor 27, enabling gasified low-temperature nitrogen to enter an upper rocket liquid methane storage tank 25, precooling an upper rocket liquid methane storage tank 25-95K temperature zone, closing the sixth valve 12 and the ninth valve 21 after precooling is finished, and closing the sixth regulating valve 28;
thirdly, regulating the flow rate and the supercooling degree of the liquid methane: opening a first valve 2, a second valve 4, a third valve 5, a fourth valve 7 and an eighth valve 24, inputting liquid methane into a pipeline through extrusion, monitoring the methane temperature at an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 by using a temperature differential pressure sensor 18, and controlling the opening states of a first regulating valve 15, a second regulating valve 14, a third regulating valve 20 and a fourth regulating valve 16 so that the liquid methane coming out of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 reaches the required supercooling degree for filling without freezing; when the supercooling degree and the filling flow required by the liquid methane are changed, the flow and the supercooling degree are required to be adjusted again,
the method for adjusting the flow and the supercooling degree again comprises the following steps: when the supercooling degree of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is required to be reduced, the second regulating valve 14 is opened to inject nitrogen, the pressure of the air pillow area is increased, the saturation temperature is increased along with the increase of the pressure, the pressure control is carried out, the fourth regulating valve 16 is opened to discharge partial liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger is reduced, the height of the air pillow is increased, the heat exchange area of the nitrogen and the air pillow is increased, the heat exchange area of the liquid is reduced, the whole heat transfer quantity is reduced, the supercooling degree of the liquid methane outlet is; when the temperature of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 is high, the liquid methane cannot reach the required supercooling degree, the third regulating valve 20 is opened to discharge nitrogen, the pressure of the air pillow area is reduced, the saturation temperature of the liquid nitrogen is reduced accordingly, and the pressure control is realized; meanwhile, when the supercooling degree of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 needs to be increased, the first regulating valve 15 is opened to inject liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger is raised, the part of the heat exchange pipeline of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 exposed in the gas is reduced, the heat transfer quantity is increased, and liquid level control is achieved; in the filling process, the temperature differential pressure sensor 18 always monitors the methane temperature and the methane differential pressure at the outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17, and controls the opening states of the first regulating valve 15, the second regulating valve 14, the third regulating valve 20 and the fourth regulating valve 16, so that the liquid methane coming out of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger 17 reaches the supercooling degree and flow required by filling without freezing;
fourthly, filling supercooled liquid methane on the arrow: after the working condition is stabilized, the eighth valve 24 is closed, the seventh valve 23 and the sixth regulating valve 28 are opened, and extrusion filling is carried out; the third valve 5 is closed, the liquid methane pump 6 is opened, and pumping pressure type large-flow filling can be carried out; in the filling process, the opening degrees of a fifth regulating valve 26 and a sixth regulating valve 28 are controlled by a pressure sensor 27 of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25, and the fifth regulating valve 26 is used for injecting nitrogen into an air pillow area of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25 to increase the pressure of the air pillow area; the sixth regulating valve 28 is used for exhausting air and reducing the pressure of the air pillow area; maintaining a micro-positive pressure environment in an air pillow area of the liquid methane storage tank 25 on the arrow;
fifthly, emergency treatment of pipeline freezing: when the temperature differential pressure sensor 18 detects that the water is frozen, the fourth valve 7 and the seventh valve 23 are immediately closed, the reducing valve 9, the fifth valve 8 and the eighth valve 24 are opened at the same time, and the filling pipeline is forcibly blown off and re-heated to be melted by normal-temperature nitrogen;
and sixthly, blowing residual gas in the pipeline: the liquid level sensor 31 is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid methane storage tank 25 on the rocket, filling is completed after the required liquid level is reached, the second valve 4, the fourth valve 7 and the seventh valve 23 are closed, and the liquid methane pump 6 is closed; opening the fifth valve 8 and the eighth valve 24, blowing residual liquid methane and methane gas in the pipeline after the high-pressure nitrogen is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 9, and closing the fifth valve 8 and the eighth valve 24 after blowing;
seventhly, maintaining the supercooling degree of the liquid methane: and in the parking period after the charging is finished, the sixth valve 12 and the ninth valve 21 are opened, nitrogen is injected into the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25, and the supercooling degree of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank 25 is maintained by utilizing the concentration difference of methane in nitrogen bubbles and liquid methane.
Through the analysis of the principle, the invention has the advantages that: firstly, cold nitrogen gas after gasification of saturated liquid nitrogen is adopted for precooling before filling, so that the problems that precooling by saturated liquid methane cannot reach a required precooling temperature region, and precooling by supercooled liquid methane can cause the supercooling degree of liquid methane to reduce the quality and reduce the quality are solved; in order to prevent the supercooled liquid methane from freezing, PID composite control based on pressure control and liquid level control is adopted, the flow and the supercooling degree in the filling system are flexibly controlled, and the supercooled heat exchanger is more accurately and reliably ensured to work under different filling flows and set target temperature regions; thirdly, the pressure of the air pillow area is controlled by adopting nitrogen during filling, so that the micro-positive pressure environment is always maintained in the liquid methane storage tank 25 on the rocket, and the risk of external gas permeating into the polluted liquid methane is reduced; after filling, injecting nitrogen through the bottom of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25, and maintaining the supercooling degree of the rocket liquid methane storage tank 25 by using concentration difference supercooling; fourthly, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder blowing-off mode is adopted, liquid methane and methane gas remained in the pipeline and the system are blown off rapidly through switching of valves after filling is completed, safety of the system and personnel is guaranteed, once a supercooled liquid methane freezing signal is detected, the pipeline is switched immediately, rapid rewarming melting treatment can be carried out, and rapid successful filling of supercooled liquid methane is realized; . And fifthly, a replenishing stage of saturated filling is cancelled, so that the deep subcooled liquid methane can be quickly filled, the filling system can fall off in advance, sufficient inspection and debugging time is provided, and the influence of accidents on launch of the carrier rocket is reduced.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and features of this invention, and the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but rather, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all changes and modifications that can be directly derived or suggested to one skilled in the art from the disclosure of this invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a liquid methane degree of depth subcooling and filling system based on prevent freezing control which characterized in that: the system comprises a ground liquid methane storage tank (1), a vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) and an arrow liquid methane storage tank (25), wherein the ground liquid methane storage tank (1) is communicated with pressurized gas through a first valve (2), and the ground liquid methane storage tank (1) is provided with a first safety valve (3); an outlet a of the ground liquid methane storage tank (1) is connected with an inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) through a second valve (4), a third valve (5) and a fourth valve (7), and the third valve (5) is connected with the liquid methane pump (6) in parallel;
an inlet b of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is connected with an outlet of the nitrogen cylinder group (10) through a fifth valve (8), a pressure reducing valve (9); an inlet c of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is connected with an outlet of the liquid nitrogen tank wagon (11) through a first regulating valve (15) and a sixth valve (12); the outlet d of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) discharges liquid through a fourth regulating valve (16); an outlet of the sixth valve (12) is connected with an inlet g of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) through the gasification heat exchanger (13) and the second regulating valve (14), an outlet f of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) exhausts air through the third regulating valve (20), and the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is provided with a second safety valve (19); an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is connected with an inlet i of the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) through a flowmeter (30), a filter (22) and a seventh valve (23); the pipeline between the filter (22) and the seventh valve (23) is connected with a liquid drainage and air exhaust port through an eighth valve (24); a temperature differential pressure sensor (18) is arranged at an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) and is used for controlling the opening degrees of the first regulating valve (15), the second regulating valve (14), the third regulating valve (20) and the fourth regulating valve (16);
an outlet of the gasification heat exchanger (13) is connected with a bottom inlet h of the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) through a ninth valve (21), an outlet of the gasification heat exchanger (13) is connected with a top inlet j of the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) through a fifth regulating valve (26), an outlet k of the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) exhausts air through a sixth regulating valve (28), the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) is provided with a pressure sensor (27) for controlling the opening degrees of the fifth regulating valve (26) and the sixth regulating valve (28), the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) is provided with a third safety valve (29), and the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) is provided with a liquid level sensor (31).
2. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the pipelines adopted for connection are high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation or polyurethane foaming heat insulation.
3. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the first valve (2), the second valve (4), the third valve (5), the fourth valve (7), the sixth valve (12), the seventh valve (23), the eighth valve (24) and the ninth valve (21) are low-temperature stop valves;
the fifth valve (8) is a normal-temperature stop valve;
the first regulating valve (15), the second regulating valve (14), the third regulating valve (20), the fourth regulating valve (16), the fifth regulating valve (26) and the sixth regulating valve (28) are low-temperature regulating valves with PID control;
the first safety valve (3), the second safety valve (19) and the third safety valve (29) are low-temperature safety angle valves.
4. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the ground liquid methane storage tank (1) is a high-vacuum multilayer heat-insulation low-temperature storage tank.
5. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is a low-temperature pressure-resistant bath type heat exchanger, and cooling media on the shell side are liquid nitrogen and nitrogen.
6. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) is a low-temperature storage tank made of foam materials and capable of insulating heat.
7. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the liquid methane pump (6) is a low-temperature liquid pump.
8. The liquid methane deep subcooling and filling system based on freeze protection control of claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen bottle group (10) is a high-pressure nitrogen bottle group.
9. The method for utilizing the liquid methane deep supercooling and filling system based on the anti-freezing control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step, gas replacement in a liquid methane storage tank (25) on the arrow and a filling pipeline system: opening a pressure reducing valve (9), a fifth valve (8) and a seventh valve (23), and removing by nitrogen to replace gas in the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25) and the filling pipeline system;
secondly, precooling a methane storage tank (25) for the liquid on the arrow: opening a sixth valve (12) and a ninth valve (21), controlling a sixth regulating valve (28) to open by a pressure sensor (27), enabling gasified low-temperature nitrogen to enter an arrow-top liquid methane storage box (25), precooling the arrow-top liquid methane storage box (25) to a 95K temperature zone, closing the sixth valve (12) and the ninth valve (21) after precooling is completed, and closing the sixth regulating valve (28);
thirdly, regulating the flow rate and the supercooling degree of the liquid methane: opening a first valve (2), a second valve (4), a third valve (5), a fourth valve (7) and an eighth valve (24), inputting liquid methane into a pipeline through extrusion, monitoring the methane temperature of an outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) through a temperature differential pressure sensor (18), and controlling the opening states of a first regulating valve (15), a second regulating valve (14), a third regulating valve (20) and a fourth regulating valve (16) so that the liquid methane coming out of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) reaches the required filling supercooling degree without freezing; when the supercooling degree and the filling flow required by the liquid methane are changed, the flow and the supercooling degree are required to be adjusted again;
fourthly, filling supercooled liquid methane on the arrow: after the working condition is stabilized, the eighth valve (24) is closed, the seventh valve (23) and the sixth regulating valve (28) are opened, and extrusion filling is carried out; the third valve (5) is closed, the liquid methane pump (6) is opened, and pumping type large-flow filling can be performed; in the filling process, a pressure sensor (27) of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank (25) controls the opening degrees of a fifth regulating valve (26) and a sixth regulating valve (28), and the fifth regulating valve (26) is used for injecting nitrogen into an air pillow area of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank (25) and increasing the pressure of the air pillow area; the sixth regulating valve (28) is used for exhausting air and reducing the pressure of the air pillow area; maintaining a micro-positive pressure environment in an air pillow area of the rocket overhead liquid methane storage tank (25);
fifthly, emergency treatment of pipeline freezing: when the temperature differential pressure sensor (18) detects that the freezing is finished, the fourth valve (7) and the seventh valve (23) are immediately closed, the reducing valve (9), the fifth valve (8) and the eighth valve (24) are opened simultaneously, and the filling pipeline is forcibly blown off and re-heated to be melted by normal-temperature nitrogen;
and sixthly, blowing residual gas in the pipeline: the liquid level sensor (31) is used for monitoring the liquid level of the rocket liquid methane storage tank (25), the filling is completed after the required liquid level is reached, the second valve (4), the fourth valve (7) and the seventh valve (23) are closed, and the liquid methane pump (6) is closed; opening the fifth valve (8) and the eighth valve (24), blowing residual liquid methane and methane gas in the pipeline after the high-pressure nitrogen is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve (9), and closing the fifth valve (8) and the eighth valve (24) after blowing;
seventhly, maintaining the supercooling degree of the liquid methane: and in the parking period after the charging is finished, opening a sixth valve (12) and a ninth valve (21), injecting nitrogen into the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank (25), and supercooling by utilizing the concentration difference of methane in a nitrogen bubble and liquid methane to maintain the supercooling degree of the rocket-borne liquid methane storage tank (25).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the third step is performed again by adjusting the flow rate and the supercooling degree by: when the supercooling degree of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is required to be reduced, the second regulating valve (14) is opened to inject nitrogen, the pressure of the air pillow area is increased, the saturation temperature is increased along with the increase of the pressure, pressure control is carried out, the fourth regulating valve (16) is opened to discharge partial liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger is reduced, the height of the air pillow is increased, the heat exchange area of the nitrogen and the air pillow is increased, the liquid heat exchange area is reduced, the integral heat transfer quantity is reduced, the supercooling degree of the liquid methane outlet is reduced, and; when the temperature of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is high, the liquid methane cannot reach the required supercooling degree, the third regulating valve (20) is opened to discharge nitrogen, the pressure of the air pillow area is reduced, the saturation temperature of the liquid nitrogen is reduced accordingly, and the pressure control is realized; meanwhile, when the supercooling degree of the outlet of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) is required to be increased, the first regulating valve (15) is opened to inject liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger is increased, the part of a heat exchange pipeline of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) exposed in gas is reduced, the heat transfer quantity is increased, and liquid level control is realized; the temperature and pressure difference sensor (18) monitors the methane temperature and the pressure difference of the outlet e of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) all the time in the filling process, and controls the opening degree states of the first regulating valve (15), the second regulating valve (14), the third regulating valve (20) and the fourth regulating valve (16), so that the liquid methane coming out of the vertical liquid nitrogen bath type heat exchanger (17) reaches the supercooling degree and flow required by filling without freezing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN113865262A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 西安航天动力试验技术研究所 | Supercooled liquid methane self-circulation online preparation system and method based on pressurization and temperature control |
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| CN115076592B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-04-26 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | BOG control system and method for liquid hydrogen storage tank and liquid hydrogen storage tank |
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