CN114673924A - Multilayer low-temperature storage tank for supercooled oxygen preparation and lossless storage - Google Patents

Multilayer low-temperature storage tank for supercooled oxygen preparation and lossless storage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114673924A
CN114673924A CN202210270130.1A CN202210270130A CN114673924A CN 114673924 A CN114673924 A CN 114673924A CN 202210270130 A CN202210270130 A CN 202210270130A CN 114673924 A CN114673924 A CN 114673924A
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oxygen
tank
nitrogen
storage tank
liquid
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CN202210270130.1A
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Inventor
张青
郑艳
孙一龙
钟文安
叶欣
严胜勇
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63796 FORCES PLA
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63796 FORCES PLA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/086—Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
    • F17C2203/0379—Inert
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0197—Rockets

Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer low-temperature storage tank for supercooled oxygen preparation and lossless storage, and belongs to the field of low-temperature storage and transportation. The multilayer low-temperature storage tank is of a three-layer structure, the innermost layer is a super-cooling oxygen storage tank, namely an oxygen process storage tank, the middle layer is a liquid nitrogen layer, namely a nitrogen process storage tank, and the outer surface of the liquid nitrogen layer is coated with a heat insulation layer; the oxygen process storage tank is arranged in the nitrogen process storage tank, and after the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen are filled, the supercooled oxygen at the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is naturally obtained through the heat exchange of the tank wall of the oxygen process storage tank. The liquid nitrogen with lower temperature under normal pressure exchanges heat with the supercooled oxygen, so that the supercooling degree of the supercooled oxygen is ensured, the heat absorption capacity of the supercooled oxygen is reduced, and the storage time of the supercooled oxygen is prolonged.

Description

Multilayer low-temperature storage tank for supercooled oxygen preparation and lossless storage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of low-temperature storage and transportation, and particularly relates to a multilayer low-temperature storage tank for supercooled oxygen preparation and lossless storage.
Background
The liquid hydrogen and oxygen low-temperature propellant has the advantages of no toxicity, no pollution, high performance, low cost, high thrust and the like, so that the liquid hydrogen and oxygen low-temperature propellant is the most extensive group of propellants applied to large carrier rockets, and the specific impulse of the liquid hydrogen and oxygen low-temperature propellant is 30-40% higher than that of a normal-temperature propellant. The boiling point temperature of the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen low-temperature propellant is extremely low (the boiling point temperature of the liquid hydrogen is 20.368K, and the boiling point temperature of the oxygen is 90.18K), so that the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen low-temperature propellant is gasified due to external heat leakage or resistance loss, a gas-liquid two-phase flow or fountain phenomenon occurs, and the launching of the carrier rocket is directly influenced. By adopting the supercooled propellant filling, the situations can be avoided, and the quality and the cold quantity of the low-temperature propellant can be increased, so that the effective load of the carrier rocket is improved, and the range of deep space exploration is widened. The supercooling oxygen is to reduce the temperature (90K) of common liquid oxygen to be below 90K by a supercooling technology, and the supercooling oxygen can be reduced to be 67K at the lowest level at present in China. Partial supercooling filling is mostly adopted for domestic and foreign low-temperature rocket liquid oxygen storage tanks, for example, in the existing in-service rockets such as CZ-3A series, CZ-5, CZ-6 and CZ-7 in China, and in the Mars V, Russian Ankara and European Alian rockets in America, a liquid oxygen supercooling filling technology Falcon9 rocket is adopted before injection, so that the carrying capacity is improved, a supercooling oxygen filling scheme with the whole course lower than the liquid nitrogen temperature is adopted, the filling quality is greatly improved, and the carrying capacity is improved.
At present, the preparation of the supercooled oxygen usually adopts the modes of liquid nitrogen heat exchange, or evacuation refrigeration, or refrigeration cycle refrigeration and the like, and the supercooled oxygen used in China has no requirement of being lower than the temperature of the liquid nitrogen temporarily. Because the supercooled oxygen is not easy to store, the conventional low-temperature storage tank usually adopts modes of foaming heat insulation, pearly-lustre sand accumulation heat insulation or vacuum heat insulation and the like, wherein the best heat insulation performance is the vacuum heat insulation mode, the modes cannot achieve 100% heat insulation, and the supercooled oxygen gradually heats up due to heat absorption from the external environment in the storage process, so that the supercooling degree is lost. Therefore, how to realize the lossless storage of the supercooled oxygen becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently at present. Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a conventional vacuum storage tank.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a multilayer low-temperature storage tank for preparing and storing supercooled oxygen in a nondestructive way so as to solve the problem of the nondestructive storage of the supercooled oxygen.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a multilayer low-temperature storage tank for preparing and storing super-cooled oxygen without damage, which is of a three-layer structure, wherein the innermost layer is a super-cooled oxygen storage tank, namely an oxygen process storage tank, the middle layer is a liquid nitrogen layer, namely a nitrogen process storage tank, and the outer surface of the liquid nitrogen layer is coated with a heat insulation layer;
A path of high-pressure helium gas source interface is arranged at the upper part of the super-cooling oxygen storage tank; a pressure liquid level sensor is arranged on the left side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, a super-cooled oxygen vacuum heat insulation liquid inlet and outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, a vacuum heat insulation exhaust pipeline is arranged on the upper right side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, and sampling ports are arranged on all vacuum pipes; two paths of safety devices connected in parallel are arranged at an exhaust port of the exhaust pipeline, and a three-way valve is arranged between the two paths of safety devices for separation;
the upper part of the liquid nitrogen layer is provided with a high-pressure nitrogen source interface, the tail end of the air pipe is connected with a main pipeline of the spraying device, air is sprayed into the liquid nitrogen layer through a nozzle of the spraying device, the main pipeline of the spraying device is of a rectangular structure, and holes are uniformly formed in the pipeline; a vacuum heat-insulation exhaust pipeline is arranged on the upper right side of the liquid nitrogen layer, a precooling filling port is branched from the exhaust pipeline, and the tail end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with a main pipeline of a spraying device; a pressure liquid level sensor is arranged on the left side of the storage tank; the right bottom of the storage tank is provided with a liquid nitrogen vacuum heat insulation liquid inlet and outlet pipeline;
the oxygen storage tank is arranged in the nitrogen storage tank, and after the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen are filled, the supercooled oxygen at the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is naturally obtained through the heat exchange of the tank wall of the oxygen storage tank.
Furthermore, the tank body is supported by glass fiber reinforced plastic supports, three groups of supports are arranged according to stress conditions and are respectively positioned on the left side, the middle part and the right side of the tank body, the support on the right side is fixedly connected, and other supports only provide supporting force; the connection between the inner tank and the outer tank is not fixed and can slide, and the contraction quantities of the inner tank and the outer tank can be allowed to be different to generate relative displacement under the low-temperature state.
Furtherly, the drain pipe and the blast pipe of advancing of oxygen journey basin and nitrogen journey basin all set up the homonymy head at the basin, and the oxygen journey basin and the nitrogen journey basin of this head department are the fixed stay state, and the oxygen journey basin and the nitrogen journey basin of opposite side are the activity support state, and when low temperature state, the basin of oxygen journey basin and nitrogen journey is to the homonymy shrink, and deformation can not produce great stress to the connection position of basin.
Further, the heat insulation layer is a polyurethane foam layer, a powder accumulation heat insulation layer or a vacuum heat insulation layer.
Furthermore, the oxygen process storage tank and the nitrogen process storage tank respectively use high-pressure helium gas and high-pressure nitrogen gas sources, gas detection, blowing and replacement of the oxygen process and the nitrogen process of the storage tanks can be carried out at normal temperature, and the oxygen process and the nitrogen process gas pillow can be pressurized at low temperature to be used as power sources for outputting liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen.
Further, during subcooled oxygen storage, the gas pillow of the oxygen process tank is maintained at a positive pressure using helium pressurization.
Furthermore, liquid nitrogen is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the super-cooling oxygen tank through a spraying device during pre-cooling of the storage tank, so that the pre-cooling efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, exhaust pipes are arranged at the tops of the nitrogen process storage tank and the oxygen process storage tank, pressure is relieved through the exhaust pipes when the pressure in the tanks is too high, two sets of safety devices which are mutually backup are arranged on the exhaust pipes, and the safety devices are connected in series to form a rupture disk and a safety valve and are switched through a three-way valve.
Furthermore, the exhaust pipe of the nitrogen process storage tank is connected with a filling pipe in parallel, and the nitrogen process spraying device is communicated with the nitrogen process spraying device and used for precooling the supercooling oxygen process.
Further, the exhaust pipes of the oxygen process storage tank and the nitrogen process storage tank are respectively provided with a sampling pipe and a valve, the gas pillow media in the respective storage tanks are sampled, and the quality of the gas phase in the tanks is tested and examined; the liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the oxygen storage tank and the nitrogen storage tank are positioned at the bottom of the storage tank and are used for filling and discharging supercooled oxygen and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the oxygen process and the nitrogen process are respectively provided with a sampling pipe and a valve for sampling liquid media in the respective storage tanks and testing the quality of liquid phase in the tanks.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a multilayer low-temperature storage tank for preparing and storing supercooled oxygen in a nondestructive way.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a conventional vacuum storage tank;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multilayer cryogenic tank of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the spray device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to prolong the storage time of the super-cooled oxygen and reduce the heat absorption capacity of the super-cooled oxygen, a multilayer heat exchange storage tank is designed, and heat exchange is carried out between liquid nitrogen with lower temperature under normal pressure and the super-cooled oxygen, so that the super-cooling degree of the super-cooled oxygen is ensured, and the storage time of the super-cooled oxygen is prolonged.
The storage tank is designed into a three-layer structure, the innermost process is a super-cooled oxygen storage tank made of 304 stainless steel materials and used for storing super-cooled oxygen; the tank body is supported by glass fiber reinforced plastic supports, three groups of supports are arranged according to stress conditions and are respectively positioned on the left side, the middle part and the right side of the tank body, wherein the supports on the right side (close to oxygen process and nitrogen process pipelines on the side of the liquid inlet and outlet pipe) are fixedly connected, other supports only provide supporting force, the inner tank and the outer tank are not fixedly connected and can slide, and the inner tank and the outer tank can be allowed to contract differently to generate relative displacement under the low-temperature state; a liquid nitrogen process is arranged outside the supercooling oxygen storage tank, and liquid nitrogen is filled in the liquid nitrogen process to exchange heat with the supercooling oxygen process, so that the supercooling degree of the supercooling oxygen is ensured; a foaming heat-insulating layer is coated outside the liquid nitrogen process, and polyurethane foaming is adopted for heat insulation of the tank body.
The multilayer low-temperature storage tank is of a three-layer structure, the innermost layer is a super-cooled oxygen storage tank, the middle layer is a liquid nitrogen layer, and the outer surface of the liquid nitrogen layer is coated with a heat insulation layer; the heat insulation layer is a polyurethane foaming layer;
A path of high-pressure helium gas source interface is arranged at the upper part of the super-cooling oxygen storage tank; the super-cooled oxygen storage tank is characterized in that a pressure liquid level sensor is arranged on the left side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, a super-cooled oxygen vacuum heat insulation liquid inlet and outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, a vacuum heat insulation exhaust pipeline is arranged on the upper right side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, sampling ports are arranged on all vacuum tubes, the quality of liquid in the storage tank can be conveniently confirmed, two safety devices (a safety valve and a rupture disk) which are connected in parallel are arranged at exhaust ports, and a three-way valve is arranged between the two devices to separate the two devices.
The upper part of the liquid nitrogen layer is provided with a high-pressure nitrogen gas source interface, the tail end of the gas pipe is connected with a main pipeline of the spraying device, gas is sprayed into the liquid nitrogen layer through a spraying device nozzle, the main pipeline of the spraying device is of a rectangular structure, and holes are uniformly formed in the pipeline. A vacuum heat-insulation exhaust pipeline is arranged on the upper right side of the liquid nitrogen layer, a precooling filling port is branched from the exhaust pipeline, and the tail end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with a main pipeline of a spraying device; a pressure liquid level sensor is arranged on the left side of the storage tank; the bottom of the right side of the storage tank is provided with a liquid nitrogen vacuum heat insulation liquid inlet and outlet pipeline, the lowest pipeline on the right side is a liquid inlet and outlet of liquid nitrogen, and supplemental liquid nitrogen can be filled and can also be discharged when not used. The spray device is schematically shown in figure 3.
The oxygen storage tank is arranged in the nitrogen storage tank, and after the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen are filled, the supercooled oxygen at the temperature of the liquid nitrogen can be naturally obtained through the heat exchange of the tank wall of the oxygen storage tank.
The oxygen storage tank is arranged in the nitrogen storage tank, in the process of long-term storage, the oxygen storage tank is completely soaked in liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen can be always kept at the supercooled temperature of the boiling point of the liquid nitrogen through heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen, lossless storage is realized, the nitrogen storage tank simultaneously exchanges heat with the oxygen storage tank in the tank and the ambient atmosphere outside the tank, when the temperature of the liquid oxygen is consistent with that of the liquid nitrogen, the internal heat exchange reaches a stable state, but the external heat exchange can be continuously carried out, the evaporation of the liquid nitrogen can be reduced, the liquid level of the nitrogen storage tank needs to be monitored, and the liquid nitrogen is supplemented in time to maintain the supercooling degree of the liquid oxygen in the tank. The nitrogen process storage tank in the design scheme adopts a foaming heat insulation mode, and can also adopt a powder accumulation heat insulation or vacuum heat insulation mode for improving the heat insulation performance of the nitrogen process storage tank and reducing the consumption of liquid nitrogen during storage.
The oxygen range and nitrogen range storage tanks respectively use high-pressure helium gas and high-pressure nitrogen gas sources, the oxygen range and nitrogen range storage tanks can be subjected to gas detection, blowing, replacement and other work in a normal temperature state, and the oxygen range and nitrogen range gas pillows can be pressurized in a low temperature state (the low-temperature liquid cannot be fully filled, and the space in the tank above the liquid level is the gas pillows) to serve as power sources for outputting liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen. The nitrogen process gas pillow can be pressurized by using high-pressure nitrogen, and the pressurizing pipe of the oxygen process gas pillow needs to penetrate through a liquid nitrogen area and can be liquefied by using the high-pressure nitrogen, so that helium with a lower melting point is used as a pressurizing gas source (the helium is difficult to dissolve in liquid oxygen and does not influence the quality of the liquid oxygen). Meanwhile, during the storage period of the supercooled oxygen, because the saturation pressure of the gas pillow is low, the pressure relative to the ambient atmosphere is in a negative pressure state, in order to prevent gas in the environment from entering the oxygen process storage tank, the gas pillow of the oxygen process storage tank can be kept in a positive pressure state by helium pressurization, and the supercooling degree of the liquid oxygen cannot be influenced.
The spraying device is arranged at the top of the liquid nitrogen process, so that liquid nitrogen can be uniformly sprayed on the surface of the super-cooling oxygen tank during pre-cooling of the storage tank, the pre-cooling efficiency is improved, and the risk of low-temperature stress concentration caused by local shock cooling of the oxygen process storage tank and the nitrogen process storage tank can be effectively reduced.
The liquid nitrogen process and the super-cooled oxygen process top set up the blast pipe, and accessible blast pipe pressure release when jar internal pressure is too high sets up two sets of safety device that each other is backup on the blast pipe, is established ties by rupture disk and relief valve and constitutes, realizes switching through the three-way valve.
The liquid nitrogen stroke exhaust pipe is connected with one way of filling pipe in parallel, and the nitrogen stroke spray device is communicated for precooling the supercooling oxygen stroke.
The exhaust pipes of the oxygen process and the nitrogen process are respectively provided with a sampling pipe and a valve, so that the gas pillow media in the respective storage tanks can be sampled to test the quality of the gas phase in the inspection tank.
The liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the oxygen-process and nitrogen-process storage tanks are positioned at the bottom of the storage tank and are mainly used for charging and discharging the supercooled oxygen and liquid nitrogen. The liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the oxygen process and the nitrogen process are respectively provided with a sampling pipe and a valve, so that liquid media in respective storage tanks can be sampled to test the quality of the liquid phase in the tank. In order to facilitate the discharge and sampling of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, the liquid inlet and outlet pipe is arranged lower than the lower edge of the storage tank.
The liquid inlet and outlet pipe and the exhaust pipe of oxygen journey and nitrogen journey all set up the homonymy head in the basin, and the oxygen journey and the nitrogen journey basin of this head department are the fixed stay (connection) state, and the oxygen journey and the nitrogen journey basin of opposite side are the activity and support (connection) state, and when low temperature state, the basin of oxygen journey and nitrogen journey is to the homonymy shrink, and deformation can not produce great stress to the connection position of basin.
The valve numbers are regular, Y01 to Y10 represent sub-cooling oxygen process-related valves, N01 to N11 represent liquid nitrogen process-related valves, Z01 to Z04 represent flame arresters, S01 to S04 represent safety valves, H01 to H04 represent rupture disks, and C01 to C02 represent check valves.
Y01-Y04 and N01-N04 are liquid nitrogen layer instrument and meter valves and are mainly used for monitoring the liquid level and pressure of a super-cooled oxygen process and a liquid nitrogen process, for example, the super-cooled oxygen process instrument and meter is taken as an example, the Y01-Y04 valves are in an open state under a normal state, and when the fault occurs or the service life is exceeded and the maintenance is needed, the valves in front of and behind the instrument are closed, and the instrument can be disassembled and maintained. The liquid nitrogen process N01-N04 has the same function as the meter valve of the super-cooling oxygen process instrument.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A multilayer low-temperature storage tank for preparing and storing supercooled oxygen in a nondestructive way is characterized in that the multilayer low-temperature storage tank is of a three-layer structure, the innermost layer is a supercooled oxygen storage tank, namely an oxygen process storage tank, the middle layer is a liquid nitrogen layer, namely a nitrogen process storage tank, and the outer surface of the liquid nitrogen layer is coated with a heat insulation layer;
the upper part of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank is provided with a high-pressure helium gas source interface; a pressure liquid level sensor is arranged on the left side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, a super-cooled oxygen vacuum heat insulation liquid inlet and outlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, a vacuum heat insulation exhaust pipeline is arranged on the upper right side of the super-cooled oxygen storage tank, and sampling ports are arranged on all vacuum pipes; two paths of safety devices connected in parallel are arranged at an exhaust port of the exhaust pipeline, and a three-way valve is arranged between the two paths of safety devices for separation;
the upper part of the liquid nitrogen layer is provided with a high-pressure nitrogen source interface, the tail end of the air pipe is connected with a main pipeline of the spraying device, air is sprayed into the liquid nitrogen layer through a nozzle of the spraying device, the main pipeline of the spraying device is of a rectangular structure, and holes are uniformly formed in the pipeline; a vacuum heat-insulation exhaust pipeline is arranged on the upper right side of the liquid nitrogen layer, a precooling filling port is branched from the exhaust pipeline, and the tail end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with a main pipeline of a spraying device; a pressure liquid level sensor is arranged on the left side of the storage tank; the right bottom of the storage tank is provided with a liquid nitrogen vacuum heat insulation liquid inlet and outlet pipeline;
The oxygen storage tank is arranged in the nitrogen storage tank, and after the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen are filled, the supercooled oxygen at the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is naturally obtained through the heat exchange of the tank wall of the oxygen storage tank.
2. The multi-layer cryogenic tank for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage according to claim 1, wherein the tank body is supported by glass fiber reinforced plastic supports, three groups are provided according to stress conditions, and are respectively positioned at the left side, the middle part and the right side of the tank body, wherein the support at the right side is fixedly connected, and other supports only provide supporting force; the connection between the inner tank and the outer tank is not fixed and can slide, and the contraction quantities of the inner tank and the outer tank can be allowed to be different to generate relative displacement under the low-temperature state.
3. The multi-layer cryogenic tank for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage according to claim 2, wherein the liquid inlet and outlet pipes and the gas outlet pipes of the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank are both disposed at the same side of the tank closure head, the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank at the closure head are in a fixed support state, the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank at the other side are in a movable support state, and in the cryogenic state, the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank are contracted to the same side and deformed without generating large stress to the connecting portion of the tanks.
4. A multi-layered cryogenic tank useful for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage according to claim 1 wherein said thermal insulation layer is a polyurethane foam layer, a powder build-up thermal insulation layer or a vacuum thermal insulation layer.
5. The multi-layered cryogenic tank for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank use high pressure helium gas and high pressure nitrogen gas source respectively, the gas detection, blowing off and replacement of the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank can be performed at normal temperature, and the oxygen tank and the nitrogen tank can be pressurized at low temperature to serve as power sources for outputting liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen.
6. The multi-layer cryogenic tank useful for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage of claim 5 wherein during subcooled oxygen storage, helium pressurization is used to maintain the gas pillow of the oxygen process tank at positive pressure.
7. The multi-layer cryogenic storage tank for subcooled oxygen production and non-destructive storage of claim 1 wherein liquid nitrogen is sprayed uniformly onto the subcooled oxygen tank surface by a spray means during storage tank precooling to improve precooling efficiency.
8. The multi-layer cryogenic tank for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage of claim 1, wherein exhaust pipes are installed on the top of the nitrogen and oxygen storage tanks, and when the pressure in the tank is too high, the pressure is relieved through the exhaust pipes, and two sets of safety devices which are backup to each other are installed on the exhaust pipes, and are composed of rupture discs and safety valves connected in series, and the switching is realized through a three-way valve.
9. The multilayer cryogenic storage tank for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage of claim 1, wherein a nitrogen range storage tank vent pipe is connected in parallel with a filler pipe, and a nitrogen range spray device is communicated for precooling the subcooled oxygen range.
10. A multi-layered cryogenic storage tank for subcooled oxygen production and lossless storage according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the exhaust pipes of the oxygen stage storage tank and the nitrogen stage storage tank are respectively provided with a sampling pipe and a valve for sampling the gas pillow media in the respective storage tanks to test the quality of the gas phase in the tanks; the liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the oxygen-stage storage tank and the nitrogen-stage storage tank are positioned at the bottom of the storage tank and used for filling and discharging the supercooled oxygen and liquid nitrogen, and the liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the oxygen stage and the nitrogen stage are respectively provided with a sampling pipe and a valve for sampling liquid media in the respective storage tanks and testing the quality of liquid phase in the tanks.
CN202210270130.1A 2022-03-18 2022-03-18 Multilayer low-temperature storage tank for supercooled oxygen preparation and lossless storage Pending CN114673924A (en)

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