CN112225880A - 一种Hg2+荧光探针及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种Hg2+荧光探针及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112225880A
CN112225880A CN202010997843.9A CN202010997843A CN112225880A CN 112225880 A CN112225880 A CN 112225880A CN 202010997843 A CN202010997843 A CN 202010997843A CN 112225880 A CN112225880 A CN 112225880A
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马福东
吴怡敏
张玲
阿布力克木·吾布力达
丁焘
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种Hg2+荧光探针及制备方法,以2,7‑二溴芴,丙烯酸甲酯,噻吩甲胺作为反应原料,经过加成、酯化反应合成3,3’‑(2,7‑二溴‑9H芴‑9,9‑二基)双(N‑(噻吩‑2‑甲基)丙酰胺),其次,通过Suzuki‑Miyaura反应聚合生成目标探针聚[2,7‑(9,9‑二辛基芴)‑co‑2,7‑9,9‑二(N‑(噻吩‑2‑基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴](PFTA)。通过质谱分析表明成功的制备了聚合物探针PFTA,由凝胶渗透色谱仪测定Mw=33107,多分散性指数(PDI)=1.33。并通过荧光光谱分析表明该聚合物探针PFTA可以对Hg2+实现高选择性和高灵敏度的检测,其最低检测为9.42×10‑7mol/L。

Description

一种Hg2+荧光探针及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针领域,具体涉及一种能够探测Hg2+的荧光探针及其制备方法。
背景技术
汞在自然界中广泛存在,并且会通过一些微生物反应转化为毒性更强的甲基汞,经饮用水和食物链进入人体后无法排出,产生累积性汞中毒,从而引发多种疾病甚至死亡。因此,发展快速、有效的汞离子检测技术至关重要。
芴类化合物在有机光致发光材料中的研究得到了人们的广泛关注和深人研究。芴具有较高的光热稳定性,固态芴的荧光量子效率可高达60%~80%,带隙能大于2.90eV。因而成为一种常见的蓝光材料。芴可以通过在2位、7位或者9位碳上引入不同的基团来得到一系列衍生物,因而芴的结构上又具有一定的可修饰性。基于衍生物之一的2,7-二溴芴,它是一种重要的合成精细化学品的中间体,广泛应用于染料、光电导材料、发光材料等的合成与制备。
发明内容
针对上述存在的技术问题,本发明提供了一种能够探测Hg2+的荧光探针PFTA,目标探针PFTA对Hg2+实现特异性和高灵敏度的检测,其它背景金属阳离子几乎不影响PFTA的检测
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种Hg2+荧光探针,其具体结构如下:
Figure BDA0002693214130000021
一种Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,制备方法如下:
步骤S1:制备化合物1,即2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴;
步骤S2:以步骤S1制备的化合物1、碳化二亚胺和噻吩甲胺为反应原料,经过加成、酯化反应合成化合物FTA,即2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴;
步骤S3:以步骤S2制备的化合物FTA、9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-双(硼酸频哪醇酯)作为反应原料,通过Suzuki-Miyaura反应聚合生成目标探针PFTA,即聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴]。
优选的,在上述步骤S1中,化合物1制备过程如下:
步骤S101:按照质量比12~13:1称取一定量的2,7-二溴芴和四丁基溴化铵,在N2保护下,将称取的2,7-二溴芴和四丁基溴化铵加入甲苯中,逐滴加入浓度为50%的KOH,室温下搅拌15-30min,在10℃下缓慢加入丙烯酸甲酯,室温搅拌4-6h;
步骤S102:通过TLC跟踪监测反应进行程度,待反应完全后,在0℃冰水浴下逐滴加入1mol/L HCl直到有白色沉淀析出,转至室温持续搅拌1-3h;
步骤S103:过滤反应产物,收集过滤后的油层,减压蒸馏获得黄色固体化合物1,即2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴。
优选的,在上述步骤S2中,化合物FTA的制备过程具体如下:
步骤S201:按照质量比为21.74~27.18:0.26~3.29:8~10称取一定量2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴、丙烯酸钾脂和噻吩甲胺,在N2保护下,将称取的2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴、丙烯酸钾脂和噻吩甲胺加入干燥的二氯甲烷中,放置于-5℃冰水浴中,逐滴加入干燥的三乙胺,继续搅拌1h后,转至室温搅拌4h;
步骤S202:减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,将粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到目标化合物FTA,即2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴。
优选的,硅胶柱层析流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1。
优选的,所述的2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴的具体结构为:
Figure BDA0002693214130000031
优选的,在上述步骤S3中,目标探针PFTA的制备过程如下:
步骤S301:按照质量比1:1称取一定量的2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9-二辛基芴和2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴混合,在N2保护下,将混合物加入纯化的甲苯和0.2mol/L K2CO3水溶液中,后加入Pd(OAc)2,然后在继续加入三滴甲基三辛基氯化铵通入N2搅拌一段时间后,最后加入P(Cy)3,在90℃油浴锅中反应70-75h,转至室温,得到粗产物;
步骤S302:粗产物以甲苯为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析纯化,浓缩,在甲醇中生成沉淀,用过滤法过滤掉沉淀,滤液置于50℃真空干燥箱中干燥10-14h,得到黄绿色丝状产物目标探针PFTA,即聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴];
优选的,在步骤S302中,将过滤的沉淀用丙酮洗涤,在索氏装置中进行24h的纯化,去除低聚物和催化剂残余,并将其回收。
本发明的有益效果:本发明以2,7-二溴芴、丙烯酸甲酯、噻吩甲胺作为反应原料,经过加成、酯化反应合成2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴,其次,通过Suzuki-Miyaura反应聚合生成目标探针聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴](PFTA)。通过GPC分析,合成的聚合物PFTA的数均相对分子质量Mn=2490,重均相对分子质量Mw=33107,相对分子质量多分散性为1.33;通过荧光光谱分析,该聚合物可实现对Hg2+特异性识别和高灵敏度的检测,其最低检测浓度为9.42×10-7mol/L。其它背景金属阳离子几乎不影响PFTA对汞离子检测。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为化合物1的质谱图;(a)M+的标准为m/z=467.939;(b)化合物1失去一分子
Figure BDA0002693214130000041
的标准m/z=408.926;(c)C3H5O2 ·的标准为m/z=73.028;
图2为化合物FTA的质谱图;(a)化合物FTA失去两个C5H5S·的标准为m/z=464.959;(b)C19H15Br2NO2 的标准为m/z=446.946;
图3为目标探针PFTA凝胶色谱图;(a)PFTA出峰时间;(b)PFTA出峰时刻的数均(Mn)和重均(Mw)分子量;
图4为目标探针PFTA对金属离子选择性示意图;
图5为目标探针PFTA抗干扰性示意图;
图6为不同Hg2+浓度下PFTA的荧光强度;
图7为目标探针PFTA对Hg2+检测拟合图;
图8为探针PFTA对Hg2+检测时荧光强度时间变化图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明具体提出了一种Hg2+荧光探针,其具体结构如下:
Figure BDA0002693214130000051
本发明还公开了Hg2+荧光探针的制备过程如下:
步骤S1:化合物1的合成
在N2保护下,将2,7-二溴芴648mg、四丁基溴化铵50mg,加入50mL甲苯中,逐滴加入(50wt%,10mL)KOH,室温下搅拌20min,在10℃下缓慢加入丙烯酸甲酯4mL,室温搅拌5h;TLC跟踪监测反应进行程度,待反应完全后,在0℃冰水浴下逐滴加入1mol/L HCl直到有白色沉淀析出,转至室温持续搅拌l h。过滤反应产物,收集过滤后的油层,减压蒸馏获得黄色固体即化合物1,2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴(320mg,48%)。其反应过程如下:
Figure BDA0002693214130000061
步骤S2:化合物FTA的合成
在N2保护下,将化合物1(231mg,0.5mol)、碳化二亚胺(1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐)2.8mg和噻吩甲胺85mg,加入10mL干燥的二氯甲烷中,后在-5℃冰水浴中,逐滴加入0.2mL干燥的三乙胺,继续搅拌1h,后转至室温搅拌4h。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,将粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,v/v),得到目标化合物FTA,2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴(112mg,35%)。其反应过程如下:
Figure BDA0002693214130000062
步骤S3:目标探针PFTA的合成
在N2保护下,将2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9-二辛基芴(0.193g,0.3mmol)和化合物FTA(0.198g,0.3mmol)混合,加入纯化的甲苯8mL和K2CO31.5mL,0.2mol/L水溶液,后加入Pd(OAc)2(0.003g,0.013mmol),最后加入三滴甲基三辛基氯化铵通入N2搅拌一段时间后,最后加入P(Cy)3(0.006g,0.021mmol)。在90℃油浴锅中反应72h,转至室温。粗产物以甲苯为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析纯化粗品,浓缩至3mL在60mL的甲醇中生成沉淀。用过滤法回收沉淀,将所得的聚合物用丙酮洗涤,在索氏装置中进行24h的纯化,去除低聚物和催化剂残余,并将其回收。置于50℃真空干燥箱中干燥12h,得到黄绿色丝状产物聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴]即目标探针PFTA,(0.047g,11.7%)。其反应过程如下:
Figure BDA0002693214130000071
测试与表征
1.1质谱测试:采用Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS液质联用仪;
1.2GPC分析:采用美国Waters公司Waters GPC 2410凝胶渗透色谱仪测试采用单分散聚苯乙烯标定,以四氢呋喃为流动相。
2.1结构分析(质谱)
质谱:将样品溶解在乙腈中,用Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS液质联用仪测定。
2.1.1化合物1(2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴)结构分析
化合物1(2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴)的质谱图如图1所示,M+的标准为m/z=467.939,实际测得结果为m/z=467.955(如图(a)所示);化合物1失去一分子
Figure BDA0002693214130000072
的标准m/z=408.926,实际测得结果为m/z=408.929(如图(b)所示);C3H5O2 ·的标准为m/z=73.028,实际测得结果为m/z=73.039(如图(c)所示),据此可判定为化合物1,2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴。
2.1.2化合物FTA结构分析
化合物FTA的质谱图见2所示,化合物FTA失去两个C5H5S·的标准为m/z=464.959,实际测得结果为m/z=464.951(如图(a)所示)。C19H15Br2NO2 的标准为m/z=446.946,实际测得的结果为m/z=497.940。化合物FTA失去两个C4H3S·的标准为m/z=493.985,实际测得结果为m/z=493.971(如图(b)所示)。据此可判定产物为化合物FTA,2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴。
2.1.3目标探针PFTA结构分析
如图3所示,(a)为PFTA的出峰时间,在18-19分钟之间出现了峰值,其峰值MP为29244,说明已合成了目标探针PFTA,(b)为出峰时刻,其数均(Mn)和重均(Mw)分子量情况;数均(Mn)和重均(Mw)分子量的测量:美国Waters公司Waters GPC 2410凝胶渗透色谱仪测试,采用单分散聚苯乙烯标定,四氢呋喃为流动相。测得PFTA的Mn=24902、Mw=33107,多分散性为1.33。
2.2目标探针PFTA光学性能分析(荧光光谱)
荧光光谱测定用的样品溶液配制:探针用纯化的四氢呋喃配成浓度为1μM的溶液。各种金属离子盐用去离子水配成0.1mol/L的溶液。分别配制10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6mol/L Hg2+。测定时将探针溶液与不同浓度的金属离子放置到四面透光的石英比色皿中。
2.2.1目标探针PFTA对金属离子的选择性
为了验证探针PFTA对金属离子荧光的选择性识别,实验考察了PFTA浓度为0.1M时加入几种常见金属阳离子(0.1mol/L)及单独加入Hg2+(0.1mol/L)时荧光强变化(如图4所示),其中主要的金属离子包括:Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni3+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Ba2+
结果表明:加入Hg2+后荧光强度猝灭最大,原因可能是当加入Hg2+后,探针PFTA的杂原子与Hg2+发生相互作用,使芴环上的电子密度降低,从而发生荧光猝灭,荧光强度降低。当分别加入Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni3+、Zn2+、Cd2+后荧光强度稍微减弱,荧光强度变化不大,在加入Cu2+、Pb2+和Ba2+后荧光强度有轻微降低。
2.2.2目标探针PFTA的抗干扰性能
为了考察PFTA对Hg2+的特异性选择性,测定了Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni3+、Zn2 +、Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+这些金属离子对PFTA-Hg2+共存体系的干扰程度,结果见图5所示。
结果表明大多数金属离子对于PFTA-Hg2+共存体系的荧光强度干扰的程度不大,其中Cd2+使PFTA-Hg2+共存体系荧光强度略有增强,推测是由于Cd2+的水解使得体系的PH值发生变化从而使得荧光强度增强。Cu2+的存在对体系的荧光强度造成了明显的影响,可能的原因是由于Cu2+能较好的与探针PFTA结合,从而与Hg2+共同作用造成荧光强度明显下降。
2.2.3目标探针PFTA对Hg2+检测的灵敏性
为了考察探针PFTA对Hg2+检测的灵敏性,用不同浓度Hg2+加入PFTA后荧光强度的变化,结果见图6和图7所示。
结果显示随着加入Hg2+浓度的不断增加荧光猝灭越明显,直到Hg2+浓度达到4×10-4mol/L其荧光猝灭程度几乎不再发生变化。通过3σ法计算的到检测下限为9.42×10-7mol/L。
2.2.4目标探针PFTA对Hg2+检测时间响应性
为了考察探针PFTA对Hg2+检测时荧光强度是否受时间变化的影响,结果见图8所示。结果表明:当加入Hg2+后荧光强度减弱,随着时间的推移,最大荧光强度基本不减弱。3min后最大荧光强度与刚开始加入Hg2+后的最大荧光强度相差很微弱,因此,探针对Hg2+检测时在3min达到稳定。
本发明以2,7-二溴芴、丙烯酸甲酯、噻吩甲胺等为原料,通过加成、酯化和Suzuki-Miyaura反应聚合生成了目标探针聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴](PFTA)。
(1)通过质谱分析表明成功制备了聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴](PFTA)。
(2)通过GPC分析,实验合成的聚合物PFTA的数均相对分子质量Mn=2490,重均相对分子质量Mw=33107,相对分子质量多分散性为1.33。
(3)通过荧光光谱分析,该聚合物可实现对Hg2+特异性识别和高灵敏度的检测,其最低检测浓度为9.42×10-7mol/L。其它背景金属阳离子几乎不影响PFTA对汞离子检测。因此该聚合物可作为潜在的Hg2+光学探针。
以上所述,仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其它修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

1.一种Hg2+荧光探针,其特征在于,其具体结构如下:
Figure FDA0002693214120000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法如下:
步骤S1:制备化合物1,即2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴;
步骤S2:以步骤S1制备的化合物1、碳化二亚胺和噻吩甲胺为反应原料,经过加成、酯化反应合成化合物FTA,即2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴;
步骤S3:以步骤S2制备的化合物FTA、9,9-二辛基芴-2,7-双(硼酸频哪醇酯)作为反应原料,通过Suzuki-Miyaura反应聚合生成目标探针PFTA,即聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴]。
3.根据权利要求2所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,在上述步骤S1中,化合物1制备过程如下:
步骤S101:按照质量比12~13:1称取一定量的2,7-二溴芴和四丁基溴化铵,在N2保护下,将称取的2,7-二溴芴和四丁基溴化铵加入甲苯中,逐滴加入浓度为50%的KOH,室温下搅拌15-30min,在10℃下缓慢加入丙烯酸甲酯,室温搅拌4-6h;
步骤S102:通过TLC跟踪监测反应进行程度,待反应完全后,在0℃冰水浴下逐滴加入1mol/L HCl直到有白色沉淀析出,转至室温持续搅拌1-3h;
步骤S103:过滤反应产物,收集过滤后的油层,减压蒸馏获得黄色固体化合物1,即2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴。
4.根据权利要求2所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,在上述步骤S2中,化合物FTA的制备过程具体如下:
步骤S201:按照质量比为21.74~27.18:0.26~3.29:8~10称取一定量2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴、丙烯酸钾脂和噻吩甲胺,在N2保护下,将称取的2,7-二溴(9,9-二丙酸基)芴、丙烯酸钾脂和噻吩甲胺加入干燥的二氯甲烷中,放置于-5℃冰水浴中,逐滴加入干燥的三乙胺,继续搅拌1h后,转至室温搅拌4h;
步骤S202:减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,将粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到目标化合物FTA,即2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴。
5.根据权利要求4所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,硅胶柱层析流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴的具体结构为:
Figure FDA0002693214120000021
7.根据权利要求2所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,在上述步骤S3中,目标探针PFTA的制备过程如下:
步骤S301:按照质量比1:1称取一定量的2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9-二辛基芴和2,7-二溴-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴混合,在N2保护下,将混合物加入纯化的甲苯和0.2mol/L K2CO3水溶液中,后加入Pd(OAc)2,然后在继续加入三滴甲基三辛基氯化铵通入N2搅拌一段时间后,最后加入P(Cy)3,在90℃油浴锅中反应70-75h,转至室温,得到粗产物;
步骤S302:粗产物以甲苯为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱层析纯化,浓缩,在甲醇中生成沉淀,用过滤法过滤掉沉淀,滤液置于50℃真空干燥箱中干燥10-14h,得到黄绿色丝状产物目标探针PFTA,即聚[2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)-co-2,7-9,9-二(N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)丙酰胺基)芴];
8.根据权利要求7所述的Hg2+荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S302中,将过滤的沉淀用丙酮洗涤,在索氏装置中进行24h的纯化,去除低聚物和催化剂残余,并将其回收。
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