CN112225758A - 紫杉醇-铂(iv)化合物、中间体,制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
紫杉醇-铂(iv)化合物、中间体,制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07F15/0093—Platinum compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗肿瘤药物技术领域,涉及一种天然药物紫杉醇的结构修饰,具体为紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物、中间体,制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着癌症发病机理被逐渐深入认识,除传统的手术治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗等治疗手段,光热疗法、光动力疗法、免疫疗法等新方法也被用于癌症的治疗,但是化学治疗仍然是目前癌症治疗领域的主力军。美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and DrugAdministration,FDA)至今已经批准了700多种化疗药物应用于临床。目前,临床常用的癌症化疗药包括直接作用于DNA的生物烷化剂(如氮芥类)和铂类金属配合物(如顺铂)、干扰DNA合成的抗代谢类药物(如5-氟尿嘧啶)及作用于细胞有丝分裂过程的天然药物(如紫杉醇)等。其中,铂类抗肿瘤药物是医药无机化学领域最成功的药物之一。
顺铂(Cisplatin,CDDP)自1978年上市以来得到了广泛关注,被誉为“抗癌药里的青霉素”。目前,在睾丸癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌等半数以上肿瘤的治疗中,顺铂发挥极为重要的作用,其中对早期睾丸癌治愈率已达90%以上。此外,卡铂(Carboplatin),奥沙利铂(Oxaliplatin,OXA),洛铂(Lobaplatin)、奈达铂(Nedaplatin)和庚铂(Heptaplatin)等分别在不同国家也得到批准。研究表明铂药作用靶点是DNA,其主要与DNA分子链内的1,2-d(GpG)和1,2-d(GpA)结合,还有部分的1,3-d(GpXpG)和链间d(GpG)模式存在,这些交叉链接的突出作用是抑制DNA和RNA聚合酶,从而启动一系列信号传导系统,导致细胞死亡。由于其作用靶点单一、肿瘤组织选择性差等缺陷,顺铂包括奥沙利铂在内的二价铂类药物在临床应用过程中易产生耳毒性、肾脏损伤、神经毒性等严重的毒副作用,长期或高剂量使用还会引发强度恶心、眩晕及严重贫血,极大地限制了其临床应用与发展。
四价铂前药是克服二价铂药缺陷的一种理想策略。四价铂是由顺铂、奥沙利铂等传统二价铂通过双氧水氧化后,再与具有生物活性的分子或具有靶向性、光敏性、载药分子等酯化反应得到的一类新型高效低毒的铂类抗肿瘤药物。四价铂进入细胞后,在细胞中能被抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽等还原物质还原成母体二价铂并释放出生物活性分子,在起到抗肿瘤作用的同时降低毒副作用。比如,5-氟尿嘧啶铂的抗肿瘤活性明显优于奥沙利铂及奥沙利铂与5-氟尿嘧啶的联合使用,其肾毒性也较奥沙利铂小。
紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,PTX)别名红豆杉醇,泰素,紫素,特素,属于有丝分裂抑制剂,是已发现的最优秀的天然抗癌药物,在临床上已经广泛用于乳腺癌、卵巢癌和部分头颈癌和肺癌的治疗。紫杉醇可使微管蛋白和组成微管的微管蛋白二聚体失去动态平衡,诱导与促进微管蛋白聚合、微管装配、防止解聚,从而使微管稳定并抑制癌细胞的有丝分裂和防止诱导细胞凋亡,进而有效阻止癌细胞的增殖,起到抗癌作用。然而,由于其水溶性差,在临床使用过程中不得不使用聚氧乙烯蓖麻油和乙醇作为增溶剂和助溶剂以增加紫杉醇的溶解度,通常会引起肾毒性、神经毒性和严重的过敏反应。紫杉醇联合铂类是目前治疗非小细胞肺癌最常用的化疗方案之一,但两药物联合化疗出现的严重骨髓抑制、胃肠反应等副反应,使患者耐受差,化疗期间依从性差等缺陷。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:为了克服现有技术的不足,基于顺铂联合紫杉醇及奥沙利铂联合紫杉醇的临床应用,设计合成了一系列与紫杉醇相关的四价铂前药分子,改善二价铂脂溶性差及紫杉醇水溶性差的缺陷,降低顺铂、奥沙利铂与紫杉醇的毒副作用的同时达到协同增敏的作用。鉴于此,本发明提供了紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物、中间体,制备方法和应用。
技术方案:紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物,所述化合物的结构式为:
其中,
优选的,1≤n≤6,更优选的,1≤n≤3;且优选的,R1、R2分别独立的选自-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-CH2-,即R1、R2均为直链基团,且1≤n≤3。
优选的,R1、R2为相同基团。
即-CnH2n-的碳原子数取小于等于10大于等于1的整数,该紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的更好的抗肿瘤效果和更少的副作用是由顺铂、奥沙利铂与紫杉醇形成的配合物后赋予的,3个碳以内的烷基在结构和性质上差异不大,但是理论上n≤10时的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物也可以具有较好的抗肿瘤效果和较少的副作用。
优选的,所述化合物的结构式如下:
优选的,所述中间体的结构式如下:
其中,R1、R2分别独立为-CnH2n-,n为整数且1≤n≤10。
以上任一所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1、中间体制备
将式(14)化合物或式(15)的化合物与式(16)的化合物溶于第二溶剂中发生酯化反应,分别得到式(12)或式(13)化合物;
S2、紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物制备
将式(11)化合物与式(12)化合物或式(11)化合物与式(12)、式(13)的化合物溶于第一溶剂中,并在缩合剂与第一缚酸剂存在的条件下发生酯化反应,得到所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物。
优选的,所述缩合剂为DCC、HOBT或TBTU,优选为TBTU;第一缚酸剂为吡啶、三乙胺,优选为三乙胺;所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(1)的化合物时,所述第一溶剂为乙腈、二氯甲烷、丙酮、DMSO和DMF中的至少一种,优选为DMSO;所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(2)的化合物时,所述第一溶剂为丙酮、DMSO和DMF中的至少一种,优选为DMF;所述第二溶剂为二氯甲烷、DMSO、DMF、甲苯或吡啶,优选为吡啶。
优选的,所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(1)的化合物时,所述式(11)与式(12)、式(13)化合物投料的摩尔比为1:1.1-1:1.5,优选为1:1.1;所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(2)的化合物时,所述式(11)与式(12)、式(13)化合物投料的摩尔比为1:2.2-1:3,优选的,所述式(11)与式(12)、式(13)化合物的投料比为1:2.2。
以上任一所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
以上任一所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物在制备抗乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌、或胃癌药物中的应用。
本发明所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的药物机理为:紫杉醇、顺铂和奥沙利铂均为FDA批准上市的临床常用化疗药。紫杉醇具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,其2′位羟基活性最好,通过小链丁二酸或戊二酸将其与顺铂羟基铂或奥沙利铂羟基铂偶联得到的紫杉醇-铂(IV)配合物,进入体内后经抗坏血酸或谷胱甘肽等还原剂还原、或经过酶解或水解活化,释放出顺铂(或奥沙利铂)和紫杉醇,进而发挥二者各自的抗肿瘤活性,同时降低二者的毒副作用。
有益效果:(1)本发明所述化合物改善传统二价铂药及紫杉醇溶解性差的缺陷,提高其生物利用度,同时降低二者的毒副作用;(2)所述化合物用于治疗癌症,IC50值明显低于顺铂(奥沙利铂)、紫杉醇以及二者的联合用药,表现出对癌症细胞具有较好的抗增殖能力,对人正常肝细胞LO2的杀伤力较各单一用药及联合给药小,具有较好的选择性;(3)所述化合物的制备方法简单,反应步骤少,适用于大规模生产。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物a结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物a1的制备
精确称取紫杉醇(2.7mmol)溶于10mL吡啶中,加入丁二酸酐(3.3mmol),室温搅拌3h后TLC监测反应进程,待反应结束后,经旋转蒸发仪浓缩得粗品。粗品经凝胶柱色谱分离纯化得白色固体a1(产率为79.3%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)8.13(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.60(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.52-7.47(m,3H),7.43-7.38(m,6H),7.35-7.31(m,1H),7.22(s,1H),6.29-6.22(m,2H),5.99-5.96(m,1H),5.68(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.49(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),4.96(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.45-4.40(m,1H),4.29(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.79(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.63-2.61(m,2H),2.56-2.50(m,2H),2.45(d,J=9.2Hz,4H),2.39-2.33(m,1H),2.23-2.15(m,4H),1.90(s,3H),1.67(s,3H),1.21(s,3H),1.12(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)203.82,175.19,171.24,169.82,167.92,167.65,166.80,142.62,136.75,133.68,133.47,132.76,132.05,130.23,129.20,129.07,128.74,128.68,128.53,127.24,126.66,84.43,80.97,78.84,76.41,75.59,75.09,74.23,72.09,71.82,58.40,52.81,45.54,43.12,35.53,28.77,28.61,26.75,22.65,22.13,20.83,14.78,9.60.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C51H55NO17(M+Na)+,976.3368;found,976.3369.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物a1。
2.化合物a2的制备
精确称取顺铂(3.3mmol)于25mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入2mL蒸馏水搅拌后缓慢逐滴滴加H2O2(30%w/v,10mL)避光下70℃反应5小时。反应结束后,将反应液冷却至室温后置于4℃过夜,然后离心除去上清液得到淡黄色固体,固体分别用蒸馏水、乙醇和乙醚洗两次,然后真空干燥得到淡黄色固体a2(产率为75%)。
IR(KBr):3461(s,OH stretch),1075(m,Pt-OH bend),539(m,Pt-N(O)stretch).
熔点:291-294℃.
Elemental analysis(%):calcd for Cl2H8N2O2Pt:H,2.41;N,8.39,found:H,2.45;N,8.53.
HR-MS(m/z)calcd for Cl2H8N2O2Pt:[M+H]+,333.9689;found,334.2917.
由上述1H NMR和13C NMR表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物a2。
3.化合物a的制备
称取a1(0.11mmol)置于10mL圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入2mL的超干DMSO,搅拌下依次加入TBTU(0.3mmol)、TEA(0.3mmol),15min后加入a2(0.1mmol),避光氩气保护60℃反应过夜。待反应液澄清透明时TCL检测随后将反应液倒入20mL的无水乙醚中,超声,离心收集沉淀。沉淀分别用无水乙醇、乙醚洗涤后于真空干燥箱干燥的淡黄色固体a(产率为49.6%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)9.26(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.85(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.74(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.59-7.45(m,7H),7.22-7.18(m,1H),6.29(s,1H),6.06-5.81(m,7H),5.57(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.39(m,2H),4.96-4.90(m,2H),4.68(s,1H),4.14-4.08(m,1H),4.04-3.99(m,1H),3.58(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.89(s,1H),2.73(s,1H),2.61-2.55(m,2H),2.25(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),1.79(s,3H),1.66-1.54(m,2H),1.50(s,3H),1.01(d,J=11.2Hz,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)202.4,178.8,172.1,169.6,169.1,168.7,166.5,165.2,162.3,139.3,137.3,134.2,133.5,133.3,131.5,129.9,129.5,128.7,128.4,128.2,127.6,127.4,83.6,80.2,76.7,75.3,74.7,74.4,70.8,70.4,57.3,53.8,46.0,42.9,36.5,35.8,34.4,30.9,30.7,29.8,26.3,22.5,21.4,20.7,13.9,9.8.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C51H61Cl2N3O18Pt(M+Na)+,1291.28726;found,1291.31423.
由上述1H NMR和13C NMR表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物a。
实施例2
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物b结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物b1的制备
精确称取紫杉醇(2.7mmol)溶于10mL吡啶中,加入戊二酸酐(3.3mmol),室温搅拌3h后TLC监测反应进程,待反应结束后,经旋转蒸发仪浓缩得粗品。粗品经凝胶柱色谱分离纯化得白色固体b1(产率为56.9%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)12.14(s,1H),9.23(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.85(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.74(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.57(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.52-7.43(m,6H),7.20(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),5.81(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.53(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.42(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.35(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.93(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.65(s,1H),4.15-4.09(m,1H),4.04-3.99(m,2H),3.9(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.35(s,1H),2.51-2.45(m,4H),2.37-2.23(m,7H),2.11(s,3H),1.84-1.72(m,7H),1.71-1.61(m,1H),1.51(s,4H),1.02(d,J=12.4Hz,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)202.3,174.1,173.9,172.1,169.6,169.3,168.7,166.4,165.2,139.3,137.3,134.2,133.4,131.5,129.9,129.6,128.7,128.3,128.2,127.6,127.4,83.6,80.2,76.7,75.3,74.7,74.5,70.8,70.4,57.3,54.9,53.9,46.1,42.9,36.5,34.3,32.7,32.3,32.2,26.3,22.5,21.3,20.6,19.8,13.8,9.8.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C52H57NO17(M+H)+,968.3704;found,968.3797.(M+Na)+,990.3524;found,990.3605.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物b1。
2.化合物b的制备
称取b1(0.11mmol)置于含有2mL超干DMSO的圆底烧瓶中搅拌下依次加入TBTU(0.3mmol)、TEA(0.3mmol),15min后加入a2(0.1mmol),避光氩气保护60℃反应过夜。待反应液澄清透明时TCL检测随后将反应液倒入20mL的无水乙醚中,超声,离心收集沉淀。沉淀分别用无水乙醇、乙醚洗涤后于真空干燥箱干燥的淡黄色固体b(产率为49.6%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)9.26(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.52(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.68(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.57-7.42(m,7H),7.18(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),6.29(s,1H),6.10-5.77(m,7H),5.49(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.40(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.93(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.63(s,1H),4.14-4.08(m,1H),4.01(t,J=10.8Hz,2H),3.57(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.51-2.45(m,6H),2.24-2.19(m,4H),2.11(s,3H),1.78-1.63(m,7H),1.49(s,3H),1.23(s,1H),1.15-1.07(m,4H),1.01(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),1.02(s,1H),0.99(s,1H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)202.4,180.0,172.5,169.6,169.4,168.7,166.3,165.19,139.4,137.4,134.2,133.5,133.3,131.5,129.9,129.5,128.7,128.4,128.2,127.6,127.4,83.6,80.2,76.7,75.2,74.7,74.5,70.7,70.4,64.9,57.3,54.1,46.0,45.6,42.9,35.1,32.5,26.3,22.6,21.3,20.9,20.7,13.9,9.8.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C52H63Cl2N3O18Pt(M+H)+,1283.32097;found,1283.3265.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物b。
实施例3
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物c结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物c1的制备
向含有2mL双蒸水和10mL浓度为30%的双氧水的圆底烧瓶中精确加入奥沙利铂(3.3mmol),避光条件下,70℃加热回流5小时。5小时后停止加热,待反应液恢复室温后置于4℃冰箱过夜。离心收集沉淀,蒸馏水、无水乙醇和无水乙醚各洗两次后,真空干燥得类白色c1(产率为80.60%)。
通过HRMS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
HRMS(m/z)calcd for C8H16N2O6Pt:[M+H]+,431.0656;found,432.0736.
由上述HRMS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物c1。
2.化合物c的制备
称取a1(0.11mmol)置于含有2mL超干DMSO的圆底烧瓶中搅拌下依次加入TBTU(0.3mmol)、TEA(0.3mmol),15min后加入c1(0.1mmol),避光氩气保护60℃反应过夜。待反应液澄清透明时TCL检测随后将反应液倒入20mL的无水乙醚中,超声,离心收集沉淀。沉淀分别用无水乙醇、乙醚洗涤后于真空干燥箱干燥的淡黄色固体c(产率为36.9%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.29(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.40(s,1H),8.07(s,1H),7.99(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.86(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.74(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.57(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.52-7.43(m,7H),7.20(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.29(s,1H),5.82(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.55(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.41(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.31(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.96-4.90(m,2H),4.66(s,1H),4.14-4.08(m,1H),4.01(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.58(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.63-2.54(m,4H),2.35-2.30(m,1H),2.24(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.05(d,J=10.8Hz,2H),1.79(s,4H),1.63(t,J=12.8Hz,1H),1.50(s,8H),1.27(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.14-1.07(m,2H),1.01(d,J=13.6Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)202.36,179.93,171.81,169.60,169.09,168.70,166.59,165.19,163.96,163.84,139.38,137.32,134.14,133.51,133.30,131.50,129.88,129.55,128.71,128.35,128.19,127.55,127.48,83.56,80.20,76.66,75.24,74.66,74.39,70.74,70.37,61.22,60.03,57.33,53.83,46.02,42.90,36.49,34.35,31.05,30.84,30.65,29.49,26.25,23.64,23.49,22.48,21.36,20.64,13.89,9.75.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C59H69N3O22Pt(M+Na)+,1389.39181;found,1389.57589.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物c。
实施例4
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物d结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物d的制备
称取b1(0.11mmol)置于含有2mL超干DMSO的圆底烧瓶中,搅拌下依次加入TBTU(0.3mmol)、TEA(0.3mmol),15min后加入c1(0.1mmol),避光氩气保护60℃反应过夜。待反应液澄清透明时TCL检测随后将反应液倒入20mL的乙醚中,超声、离心收集沉淀。沉淀分别用无水乙醇、乙醚洗涤后于真空干燥箱干燥的淡黄色固体c(产率为33.3%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.24(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.48,8.16(s,1H),7.98(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.84(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),7.75(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.58-7.42(m,8H),7.18(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.29(s,1H),5.80(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.51(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),5.41(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.33(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.96-4.90(m,2H),4.65(s,1H),4.14-4.08(m,1H),4.01(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.57(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.56(d,J=12.0Hz,2H),2.41(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.23(t,J=8.4Hz,5H),2.11(s,5H),1.82-1.60(m,8H),1.50(s,8H),1.33(t,J=11.2Hz,1H),1.09(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.01(d,J=12.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ(ppm)202.35,181.23,172.28,169.64,169.26,168.73,166.37,165.18,163.83,139.33,137.34,134.16,133.53,133.33,131.49,129.88,129.54,128.69,128.35,128.18,127.57,127.39,83.57,80.19,76.64,75.23,74.66,74.44,70.77,70.35,64.90,61.42,60.01,57.31,54.00,46.03,42.89,36.49,35.44,34.30,32.30,30.80,23.59,22.54,21.34,20.82,20.65,13.89,9.75.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C60H71N3O22Pt(M+Na)+,1043.40746;found,1043.40594.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物d。
实施例5
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物e结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物e的制备
精确称取化合物a1(0.22mmol)与2mL超干的DMF混合,再加入TBTU(0.30mmol),反应一段时间加入TEA(0.30mmol),最后加入的a2(0.10mmol),避光氩气保护,60℃反应48h得到橘黄色澄清液,在65℃下除去溶剂,加入乙醇出沉淀,通过硅胶层析柱进一步纯化得到类白色固体e(产率40.2%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.26(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.85(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.74(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.58-7.45(m,14H),7.21(t,J=4.8Hz,2H),6.49(s,6H),6.30(s,2H),5.84(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.57(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.42(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.37(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.93(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),4.67(s,2H),4.11(d,J=9.6Hz,2H),4.02(t,J=9.2Hz,4H),3.58(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.57(d,J=13.6Hz,8H),2.25(s,6H),2.11(s,6H),1.86-1.79(m,10H),1.50(s,6H),1.02(d,J=12Hz,12H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)202.34,178.61,171.75,169.63,169.06,168.74,166.50,165.19,139.33,137.28,134.22,133.51,133.33,131.47,129.88,129.55,128.70,128.37,128.16,127.58,127.43,83.55,80.23,76.67,75.25,74.71,74.49,70.80,70.37,57.35,53.85,46.05,42.91,36.49,34.37,30.06,29.44,26.31,22.53,21.35,20.65,13.89,9.75.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C102H114Cl2N4O34Pt(M+Na)+,2226.62494;found,2226.60578.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物e。
实施例6
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物f结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物f的制备
精确称取化合物b1(0.22mmol)与2mL超干的DMF混合,再加入TBTU(0.30mmol),反应一段时间加入TEA(0.30mmol),最后加入的a2(0.10mmol),避光氩气保护,60℃反应48h得到橘黄色澄清液,在65℃下除去溶剂,加入乙醇出沉淀,通过硅胶层析柱进一步纯化得到类白色固体f(产率39.0%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.26(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.98(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.85(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.75(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.68(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.59-7.42(m,14H),7.17(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.53(s,6H),6.30(s,2H),5.80(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.50(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.41(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),5.33(d,J=9.6Hz,2H),4.94(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),4.63(s,2H),4.14-4.08(m,2H),4.01(t,J=8.8Hz,4H),3.57(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.48(t,J=10.8Hz,8H),2.32-2.24(m,12H),2.11(s,6H),1.79-1.61(m,16H),1.50-1.41(m,8H),1.01(d,J=12.4Hz,2H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)202.35,179.88,172.44,169.63,169.39,168.75,166.35,165.19,139.35,137.35,134.20,133.53,133.34,131.49,129.89,129.55,128.71,128.38,128.21,127.57,127.39,83.56,80.19,76.66,75.23,74.67,74.48,70.76,70.37,57.33,54.09,46.03,42.89,36.49,34.32,32.28,26.29,22.57,21.34,20.66,13.91,9.75.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C104H118Cl2N4O34Pt(M+Na)+,2254.65500;found,2254.78182.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物f。
实施例7
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物g结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物g的制备
精确称取化合物a1(0.22mmol)与2mL超干的DMF混合,再加入TBTU(0.30mmol),反应一段时间加入TEA(0.30mmol),最后加入的c1(0.10mmol),避光氩气保护,60℃反应48h得到橘黄色澄清液,在65℃下除去溶剂,加入乙醇出沉淀,通过硅胶层析柱进一步纯化得到类白色固体g(产率36.4%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.29(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.35(s,2H),8.16(s,2H),7.98(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.86(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.75(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.59-7.42(m,14H),7.19(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.29(s,2H),5.81(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.54(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.41(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),5.31(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.92(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),4.65(s,2H),4.13-4.07(m,2H),4.01(t,J=9.2Hz,4H),3.56(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.66-2.54(m,12H),2.31(s,3H),2.23(s,6H),2.11(s,9H),1.79(s,9H),1.50(s,11H),1.01(d,J=14Hz,12H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)202.3,178.7,171.7,169.6,169.2,168.7,166.5,165.2,163.6,139.4,137.3,134.2,133.5,133.3,131.5,129.9,129.6,128.7,128.4,128.2,127.5,127.4,83.6,80.2,76.67,75.2,74.7,74.5,70.8,70.4,64.9,60.8,57.4,53.9,46.0,42.9,36.5,34.3,30.9,30.0,29.1,26.3,23.4,22.5,21.3,20.6,13.9,9.7.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C110H122N4O38Pt(M+Na)+,2325.73160;found,2325.90712.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物g。
实施例8
本实施例的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物h结构式如下式:
本实施例所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法合成路线如下:
1.化合物h的制备
精确称取化合物b1(0.22mmol)与2mL超干的DMF混合,再加入TBTU(0.30mmol),反应一段时间加入TEA(0.30mmol),最后加入的a2(0.10mmol),避光氩气保护,60℃反应48h得到橘黄色澄清液,在65℃下除去溶剂,加入乙醇出沉淀,通过硅胶层析柱进一步纯化得到类白色固体f(产率35.7%)。
通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所得的产物进行表征,所得到的数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)9.25(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.38(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.98(d,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.84(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.75(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.67(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.57(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.52-7.42(m,12H),7.18(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.29(s,2H),5.80(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.50(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.41(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),5.33(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),4.93(t,J=7.2Hz,5H),4.64(s,2H),4.14-4.08(m,2H),4.01(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.57(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.51(s,8H),2.43(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),2.31(t,J=6.8Hz,6H),2.24(s,6H),2.11(s,8H),1.78-1.69(m,14H),1.50-1.43(m,12H),1.01(d,J=12.8Hz,12H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)202.34,179.85,172.23,169.63,169.29,168.73,166.39,165.19,163.53,139.34,137.34,134.16,133.52,133.34,131.50,129.88,129.55,128.70,128.36,128.19,127.54,127.40,83.57,80.19,76.65,75.24,74.67,74.46,70.77,70.36,62.92,61.00,57.33,54.03,46.03,42.89,36.48,34.51,34.31,32.18,30.86,26.28,23.48,22.55,21.34,20.65,20.57,13.88,9.75.
HRMS(m/z):calcd for C112H126N4O38Pt(M+Na)+,2352.75955;found,2352.75464.
由上述1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS表征结果可以确认:制备得到的产物为化合物h。
体外抗肿瘤活性研究
体外抗肿瘤活性测定采用MTT法(四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法)完成,选用人体五株癌细胞HCC-1937、MCF-7、HepG-2、HCT-116、BGC-823和人正常肝细胞LO-2,所有细胞株均在5%CO2浓度、37℃饱和湿度的培养箱中培养。具体实验步骤如下:
首先收集对数生长期的细胞,通过细胞计数器来调整细胞浓度,然后将细胞接种于96孔板中,每个孔加入处于对数生长期的细胞悬液100μL(每孔细胞个数为2000),将96孔板的细胞在37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中培养过夜,待细胞完全贴壁后,再进行药物处理,用相应将药物稀释成所需的最大浓度100μM后,通过倍半稀释的方式进行药物处理,并对每个浓度设置三个复孔并设置空白对照,孵育72h后,将10μL(5mg/mL)的MTT分别加入到96孔板中,继续培养4个小时后将上清液吸出去除,每孔加入100μL的二甲基亚砜(DMSO),充分震荡使甲臢结晶溶解,用酶标仪进行吸光度检测。进行三次独立重复实验来保证实验结果的可靠性。表1给出药物的IC50值(半致死浓度),其中PTX表示紫杉醇,CDDP表示顺铂,OXA表示奥沙利铂,PTX+CDDP表示紫杉醇与顺铂的等量混合物,PTX+OXA表示紫杉醇与奥沙利铂的等量混合物。
如表1所示,首先在检测了化合物的抗肿瘤活性,发现化合物a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h的IC50值明显低于顺铂、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇以及联合给药,表现出对癌症细胞具有较好的抗增殖能力。值得一提的是在HCC-1937细胞系中,化合物a的细胞毒性较顺铂提高了近100倍。同时,这8个化合物对人正常肝细胞LO-2的杀伤力较顺铂、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇及联合用药小,具有较好的选择性。本发明的紫杉醇-铂(IV)进入肿瘤细胞后经还原剂或酶解作用释放出顺铂(或奥沙利铂)和紫杉醇,由于顺铂和奥沙利铂是细胞周期非特异性药物,进入肿瘤细胞后,与DNA发生反应,形成DNA内两链的交叉连接,从而抑制DNA复制和转录,导致DNA断裂和错码,抑制细胞有丝分裂;而紫杉醇是细胞周期特异性药物,通过进一步的与细胞内微管蛋白结合,抑制正常微管的生理性解聚,促进微管蛋白聚合、微管装配,从而达到阻止癌细胞分裂增殖的目的,对于新型铂类抗抗肿瘤药物的研发提供理论依据和实验基础。总之本发明的紫杉醇-铂(IV)是一种新型高效抗肿瘤药物,具有广谱的抗癌作用,且制备方法简单,成本低廉,易于工业化生产。
表1体外抗肿瘤活性研究结果
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物,其特征在于,R1、R2均为直链基团,且1≤n≤3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物,其特征在于,R1、R2为相同基团。
7.根据权利要求6所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缩合剂为DCC、HOBT或TBTU;第一缚酸剂为吡啶、三乙胺;所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(1)的化合物时,所述第一溶剂为乙腈、二氯甲烷、丙酮、DMSO和DMF中的至少一种;所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(2)的化合物时,所述第一溶剂为丙酮、DMSO和DMF中的至少一种;所述第二溶剂为二氯甲烷、DMSO、DMF、甲苯或吡啶。
8.根据权利要求6所述的紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(1)的化合物时,所述式(11)与式(12)、式(13)化合物投料的摩尔比为1:1.1-1:1.5;所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物为式(2)的化合物时,所述式(11)与式(12)、式(13)化合物投料的摩尔比为1:2.2-1:3。
9.权利要求1-5任一所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1-5任一所述紫杉醇-铂(IV)化合物在制备抗乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、或胃癌药物中的应用。
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