CN112219893A - 一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法 - Google Patents
一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,包括将香椿清水快速清洗20‑30s;将清洗后的香椿在95‑100℃的0.5%‑2.0%烫漂液中漂烫5‑15s;将处理后的香椿用1‑甲基环丙烯对香椿芽进行熏蒸处理,将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用PVC膜包裹后用紫外照射;最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5‑0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,进行冷藏。本发明中的保鲜方法延长香椿保鲜期,并保持在香椿贮藏期间的独特香味,色泽和质构,迎合市场,延长香椿的市场售卖期限。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属于蔬菜储存领域,具体而言,涉及一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法。
背景技术
香椿作为一种深受消费者喜爱的木本蔬菜,其鲜嫩的茎叶都是可食用的美味,香椿嫩叶内富含大量蛋白质、糖类、维生素B、维生素C、胡萝卜素、挥发油及磷铁等矿物质。鲜香椿芽采收期短,季节性强,含水量高,采后呼吸强度高,生命力旺盛,若不及时保鲜处理,常温下放置1—2天便会出现萎嫣失水、腐烂变质、叶片脱落等品质劣变现象,丧失其特有营养和风味价值,失去商品性。因此,鲜香椿芽采后保鲜技术的应用对保障香椿食用品质,延长货架期,缓解市场需求,提升鲜香椿芽商品价值具有十分重要的作用。
目前,有很多研究对易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法进行研究,其中均不能有效提高和保障香椿的食用品质,因此,为克服现有技术的不足,提出一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,延长保鲜期并保持在香椿贮藏期间的独特香味,色泽和质构,迎合市场,延长香椿的市场售卖期限是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明正是基于上述技术问题至少之一,本发明提出一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,延长保鲜期并保持在香椿贮藏期间的独特香味,色泽和质构,迎合市场,延长香椿的市场售卖期限。
有鉴于此,本发明提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法:包括以下步骤,
(1)将香椿清水快速清洗20-30s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在95-100℃的0.5%-2.0%烫漂液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用1-甲基环丙烯对香椿芽进行熏蒸处理,
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用PVC膜包裹后用紫外照射;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,进行冷藏。
进步一的,步骤(1)中,选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿进行超声波清洗。
进步一的,步骤(2)中,烫漂液包括碳酸钠溶液,维生素C溶液,葡萄糖溶液或过氧化氢溶液中的至少一种。
进步一的,步骤(3)中,1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸浓度为0.4mg/L-0.8mg/L,4℃下密闭处理6h~8h。
进步一的,步骤(4)中,紫外灯管功率为40W,强度为400μW/cm2,时间为10min。
进步一的,步骤(5)中,乙烯吸收剂与香椿的质量比为1:50-60。
进步一的,步骤(5)中冷藏温度为0℃~5℃,相对湿度大于90%。
通过以上技术方案,本发明提出一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其具有以下优点:
本发明中香椿在烫漂液中漂烫5-15s从而降低亚硝酸盐的含量,同时用1-甲基环丙烯对香椿芽进行熏蒸处理可延缓可溶性固形物和VC的降解,抑制丙二醛和多酚氧化酶的增长;利用香椿根部沾蛋液,为香椿提供营养物质延缓腐败时间;而利用PVC膜包裹,减少与空气中氧气的接触,降低了呼吸作用,延缓了香椿硬度、果实营养成分的下降,延长了果实贮藏期和货架期;利用紫外照射对香椿进行杀菌消毒,降低香椿上的菌群,防止菌群消耗和作用加快腐败,同时可降低失重率对叶绿素的影响;此外紫外照射产生的臭氧延缓了组织代谢,并关闭了香椿的气孔。将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,其中对储存的香椿不断的释放乙烯,而乙烯作为内源激素,能促进果其加快其衰老,并加快亚硝酸盐的积累,本发明中乙烯吸收剂的使用,可以吸收储存的香椿释放的乙烯;最后利用冷藏保鲜效果明显,在不影响香椿芽香味及口感的情况下,同时延长香椿芽的保鲜时间。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是,本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
实施例1
本发明中的实施例以王家辿红油香椿为例,进行保鲜。其中王家辿红油香椿,河南省鹤壁市鹤山区特产,全国农产品地理标志。鹤山区姬家山乡王家辿村一带属于深山区,因冬春干燥、光照充分、土质呈弱碱性,富含钙、锌、铁等多种矿物质和微量元素,产出的香椿色泽鲜艳,红亮翠玉,质脆可口,香气浓郁,味道鲜美,富含多种矿物质和微量元素,是公认的养生佳品。 2019年1月17日,中华人民共和国农业农村部正式批准对“王家辿红油香椿”实施农产品地理标志登记保护。2018年,王家辿红油香椿区域保护面积约600公顷,年均总产量稳定在1000吨左右。2019年,鹤山区在太行山深处的东齐、王家、杜家、黄庙沟、施家沟、西顶等村庄新种植红油香椿1000亩。
鹤山区姬家山乡地处鹤壁市鹤山区西部,地处太行山东麓,海拔120—576米之间,平均海拔350米。全乡范围内无化工厂等污染企业,从根本上保证了红油香椿的生长环境不受污染。土壤类型为褐土,土层较厚,富含有机质和磷、钾、锌、铁、锰等多种矿物质,非常适合红油香椿生长,为红油香椿优质品质提供了保障。 这里的气候情况由于受太行山和当地地貌影响,当地温带季风气候比较明显,具有春旱多风,夏热多雨,秋高气爽,冬寒干燥的特点,主导风向冬季多偏北风,夏季多偏南风。多年平均气温14.7℃,最高气温42.3℃,最低气温-15.5℃,无霜期222天。年日照平均为2437.4小时,全年平均降雨量690 毫米,四季分布不均衡,6-8月份降水量较多。总的特点是夏季高温多雨,冬天寒冷少雪,春秋两季干燥凉爽,四季分明,日照充足,无霜期长。其中,清明前后平均气温为13.2℃左右,昼夜温差大,为红油香椿的适宜生长季节,也是红油香椿的最佳采摘季节。
王家辿红油香椿农产品地理标志登记地域保护,覆盖鹤壁鹤山区姬家山乡境内王家辿村、东齐村、杜家辿村、师家顶村等4个自然村,其保护范围地理坐标为东经114°01′至114°03′,北纬35°57′至35°58′,东西长2.7公里,南北宽2.3公里,区域保护面积约600公顷,年均总产量稳定在1000吨左右。红油香椿产品品质特性特征色泽鲜艳,红亮翠玉,质脆可口,香气浓郁,素有 “红油流碧玉,四月满村香”的赞誉。
红油香椿的品质指标:红油香椿口感好,味道纯正,无论凉拌还是熟食皆宜。经农业部农产品农产品质量监督检验测试中心(郑州)检测结果显示(三个样品平均数):可溶性总糖1.87%,蛋白质6.52/100g,粗纤维1.83%,抗坏血酸93.13mg/100g。其中蛋白质含量是市场香椿的3.84倍,抗坏血酸即(Vc)的含量是市场香椿的2.33倍。
王家辿红油香椿分一级和二级2个等级。一级:外观基本一致,粗短整齐,枝叶色泽鲜艳,无折损等。二级:外观相似,细长整齐,枝叶色泽鲜艳,有轻微折损。本实施例中均选用一级王家辿红油香椿进行保鲜。
本实施例提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)将香椿清水快速清洗20-30s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在95-100℃的0.5%-2.0%烫漂液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用1-甲基环丙烯对香椿芽进行熏蒸处理,
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用PVC膜包裹后用紫外照射;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,进行冷藏。
其中步骤(1)中,选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿进行超声波清洗。
其中步骤(2)中,烫漂液包括碳酸钠溶液,维生素C溶液,葡萄糖溶液或过氧化氢溶液中的至少一种。
其中步骤(3)中,1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸浓度为0.4mg/L-0.8mg/L,4℃下密闭处理6h~8h。
其中步骤(4)中,紫外灯管功率为40W,强度为400μW/cm2,时间为10min。
其中步骤(5)中,乙烯吸收剂与香椿的质量比为1:50-60。
其中步骤(5)中冷藏温度为0℃~5℃,相对湿度大于90%。
实施例2
本实施例提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法:包括以下步骤,
(1)选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿利用清水进行超声波清洗快速清洗30s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在95℃,质量百分数为2.0%的维生素C溶液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用浓度为0.6mg/L的1-甲基环丙烯对香椿进行4℃下密闭熏蒸处理7h,
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用0.01mm的PVC膜包裹后用40W,强度为400μW/cm2的紫外照射10min;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,乙烯吸收剂与香椿的质量比为1:50-60,进行4℃,相对湿度90%的条件下进行冷藏。
实施例3
本实施例提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法:包括以下步骤,
(1)选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿利用清水进行超声波清洗快速清洗25s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在100℃,质量百分数为1%的碳酸钠溶液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用浓度为0.8mg/L的1-甲基环丙烯对香椿进行4℃下密闭熏蒸处理7h,
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用0.01mm的PVC膜包裹后用40W,强度为400μW/cm2的紫外照射10min;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,乙烯吸收剂与香椿的质量比为1:50-60,进行4℃,相对湿度95%的条件下进行冷藏。
实施例4
本实施例提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法:包括以下步骤,
(1)选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿利用清水进行超声波清洗快速清洗23s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在98℃,质量百分数为1.5%的葡萄糖溶液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用浓度为0.4mg/L的1-甲基环丙烯对香椿进行4℃下密闭熏蒸处理8h,
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用0.01mm的PVC膜包裹后用40W,强度为400μW/cm2的紫外照射10min;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,乙烯吸收剂与香椿的质量比为1:50-60,进行4℃,相对湿度94%的条件下进行冷藏。
实施例5
本实施例提出了一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法:包括以下步骤,
(1)选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿利用清水进行超声波清洗快速清洗28s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在96℃,质量百分数为0.5%的过氧化氢溶液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用浓度为0.5mg/L的1-甲基环丙烯对香椿进行4℃下密闭熏蒸处理6h;
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用0.01mm的PVC膜包裹后用40W,强度为400μW/cm2的紫外照射10min;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,乙烯吸收剂与香椿的质量比为1:50-60,进行4℃,相对湿度92%的条件下进行冷藏。
对比例1
本对比例中,对步骤(4)中将处理后的香椿打捆,根部不沾蛋液,其他技术特征如对比例2。
对比例2
本对比例中,对步骤(4)中不进行紫外灯照射,其他技术特征如对比例2。
对比例3
本对比例中,对步骤(4)中紫外灯照射时间为20min,其他技术特征如对比例2。
对比例4
本对比例中,对步骤(5)中不装入乙烯吸收剂,其他技术特征如对比例2。
实施例6
对实施例2-5以及对比例1-4中储存的香椿进行指标检测,结果如表1。
其中失重率的测定:采用称重法进行测定,计算公式为:失重率/%=(贮前香椿质量-贮后香椿质量)/贮前香椿质量×100。
叶绿素的测定:根据曹建康的分光光度法进行测定。
维生素C(VC)的测定:采用2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法进行测定。
色差的测定:采用色差计测定不同处理的香椿在不同贮藏时间的颜色变化。每个处理取香椿叶的中部进行测定,取平均值,得到色差的L*(亮度)、a*(红度)、b*(黄度)值,并根据a*、b*值计算色调角(H0),计算公式为H0=tan-1b*/a*。
表1 不同保鲜处理下各实施例和对比例中香椿的指标检测结果
其中如表格1可知,本发明中的香椿的保鲜方法能够有效延长香椿芽的保鲜时间。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将香椿清水快速清洗20-30s;
(2)将清洗后的香椿在95-100℃的0.5%-2.0%烫漂液中漂烫5-15s;
(3)将处理后的香椿用1-甲基环丙烯对香椿芽进行熏蒸处理,
(4)将处理后的香椿打捆,根部沾蛋液,并利用PVC膜包裹后用紫外照射;
(5)最后,将包裹好的香椿放在0.5-0.8mm厚的牛皮纸上包装好,并装入乙烯吸收剂,进行冷藏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,选择新鲜、柔嫩的香椿为原料,将香椿进行超声波清洗。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述烫漂液包括碳酸钠溶液,维生素C溶液,葡萄糖溶液或过氧化氢溶液中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸浓度为0.4mg/L-0.8mg/L,4℃下密闭处理6h~8h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,紫外灯管功率为40W,强度为400μW/cm2,时间为10min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述乙烯吸收剂与所述香椿的质量比为1:50-60。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种易腐蔬菜香椿的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中冷藏温度为0℃~5℃,相对湿度大于90%。
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