CN112219789A - 一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,步骤如下:小鼠在饲养时,每日更换小鼠饮用水,该小鼠饮用水中含有嗜热链球菌,嗜热链球菌的活菌添加量为2×108‑2×1010CFU/L,同时小鼠每日饲喂小鼠饲料,饲料中添加0.1%‑0.2%丁酸钠。本发明小鼠饲养方法针对动物种类不同,配方成本低,营养更加全面,可操作性更强,有利于大规模推广,且本发明首次研发了一种可以防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的小鼠肠道炎症的饲养方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物饲养技术领域,尤其是一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法。
背景技术
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是一群非适应性或泛嗜性的沙门氏菌,具有广泛的宿主,是目前世界各国分离率最高的菌型之一。该菌能引起各种家禽和哺乳动物的传染病,也可引起人类感染,沙门氏菌作为一种食源性致病菌,能够引起肠胃炎、腹泻以及疼痛,防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌具有重要的公共卫生意义。
益生菌的保健功效己被世界公认,而且还在不断地发现和研究其新的保健功能。嗜热链球菌被认为是“公认安全性(GRAS)”成分,广泛用于生产一些重要的发酵乳制品,包括酸奶和奶酪(如瑞士、林堡干酪)。嗜热链球菌也具有一些功能活性,比如生产胞外多糖、细菌素和维生素。另外,嗜热链球菌也可以作为潜在有益菌,实验证明了其具有健康效果、转运活性和一定的胃肠道粘附性。嗜热链球菌能够改善肠道微环境,降低肠道pH值,促进肠蠕动防止病原菌定植,分泌细菌素抑制病原菌的生长;嗜热链球菌能够调节血压,抑制胆固醇合成酶活性,降低血清中胆固醇含量,其菌发酵产物可以调节控制血压。嗜热链球菌具有抗癌作用,生成的多糖、细菌素、乳酸等具有抗肿瘤活性的作用,通过激活机体免疫系统,抑制细胞的突变来抵抗肿瘤的发生。嗜热链球菌还具有延缓衰老的功效,产生超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)可以清除体内代谢过程中产生的过量超氧阴离子自由基,延缓衰老。
丁酸钠作为丁酸的钠盐,能为肠道提供短链脂肪酸,为肠道粘膜提供营养,促进小肠绒毛的生长,有效加强肠粘膜的天然屏障功能,提高动物的抗感染能力,还能抑制各种霉菌和病原菌在肠道的增值和生长,能有效调整肠道菌群失调,促进胆汁、胰液分泌和提高胰酶活性,改善消化功能。
通过检索,发现如下两篇与本发明申请相关的专利公开文献:
1、一种含双因子健康颗粒的能促进肠道健康、改善机体免疫力的宠物膨化饲料,本发明公开了一种含丁酸盐及功能性低聚糖的双因子健康颗粒,其制备方法如下:(1)原料配比:按重量计,丁酸钠或丁酸钙:550份,功能性低聚糖:580份;包被壁材:1050份;(2)制备方法:先将丁酸盐及功能性低聚糖称量,混合均匀,在气流造粒机或挤压造粒机内,加入包被壁材造粒成含有丁酸盐及功能性低聚糖的双因子健康颗粒。本发明将双因子活性颗粒添加入狗、猫等需要膨化的饲料中,能明显改善狗、猫等的肠道健康,提高动物的免疫力,改善肠道微生物菌群,改善毛色,有效消除泪斑,促进动物健康。
2、一种含乳酸菌的复合益生菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法,本发明涉及一种含乳酸菌的复合益生菌饲料添加剂,是由40-60%的嗜酸乳酸杆菌,15-20%的嗜淀粉乳酸杆菌,5-10%唾液乳酸杆菌,5-10%嗜热链球菌,5-10%多形拟杆菌和5-10%的葡萄糖经喷雾冷冻干燥复合形成。所有菌株均分离自猪肠道食糜。本发明中考虑了动物肠道的各个部分,将肠道前段产乳酸的乳酸菌与肠道后段分解纤维素和多糖的多形拟杆菌相结合,菌种间的配合比例与健康动物肠道中相应菌的组成相近,能更好地发挥彼此的优势,更好地促进动物的健康,提高饲料消化率,提高动物生产性能。
通过对比,本发明专利申请与上述专利公开文献存在本质的不同。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,步骤如下:
小鼠在饲养时,每日更换小鼠饮用水,该小鼠饮用水中含有嗜热链球菌,嗜热链球菌的活菌添加量为2×108-2×1010CFU/L,同时小鼠每日饲喂含0.1%-0.2%丁酸钠的小鼠饲料,所述小鼠饲料的原料组成(g/kg)如下:
而且,含有嗜热链球菌的小鼠饮用水的制备方法如下:
⑴用MRS肉汤培养基活化从-80℃冰箱保存的嗜热链球菌后,配制MRS琼脂培养基,倒板,进行嗜热链球菌三区划线;
⑵从嗜热链球菌培养皿中挑出单菌落接入MRS肉汤培养基中,于42℃,200rpm恒温摇床过夜12h培养,富集菌体;
⑶按照1:100的比例将过夜培养的菌体接入新的MRS肉汤培养基中,用恒温摇床培养至对数期OD600值为0.8±0.2,记录培养时间;
⑷将摇至对数期的菌体进行梯度稀释,使用MRS琼脂培养基进行平板计数;
⑸按照步骤⑵、⑶培养嗜热链球菌至对数期,取培养液在10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s,弃上层清液后加入相同体积的生理盐水,涡旋使其再次悬浮;
⑹再次离心,10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s;菌悬液经过2次清洗后再加入等体积生理盐水,涡旋使细菌细胞悬浮;
⑺根据计数结果,用普通自来水将嗜热链球菌浓度稀释至指定浓度2×108-2×1010CFU/L,即得。
而且,所述明胶为食品级明胶。
而且,所述嗜热链球菌为嗜热链球菌CICC20364,该菌株为标准菌株。
而且,所述丁酸钠为颗粒状的包被型丁酸钠。
而且,所述复合矿物质预混料由质量比为3:4的奶粉和动物肝脏粉混合而成。
而且,所述复合维生素预混料由质量比为1:1的高粱粉和大豆粉混合而成。
而且,所述小鼠饲料的制备如下:
⑴按照配方称取所需各种的物料;
⑵混合称量好的除明胶之外的所有物料;
⑶将混合好的物料过60-80目筛;
⑷配制质量浓度为5%的明胶水溶液,将明胶水溶液在70℃的条件下水浴30min;
⑸过筛后的物料倒入搅拌机,边搅拌边倒入水浴后的明胶水溶液;
⑹将和好的饲料面团搓成长度为3-5cm、直径为1cm的圆柱状;
⑺将步骤⑹制备好的饲料放入烘箱65℃,直到小鼠饲料从内到外全部烘干,即得小鼠饲料。
本发明取得的优点和积极效果为:
1、本发明小鼠饲养方法针对动物种类不同,配方成本低,营养更加全面,可操作性更强,有利于大规模推广,且本发明首次研发了一种可以防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的小鼠肠道炎症的饲养方法。
2、本发明饲养方法具有燥湿止痢、抗菌消炎,维持小鼠肠道健康的功效,可以用于预防和治疗实验小鼠沙门氏菌病问题的出现,解决了目前过度滥用抗生素预防和治疗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病而造成耐药性菌株问题的出现。本发明饲养方法是一种绿色安全的饮食疗法,对设备要求简单、效果显著,安全、无副作用,适合大规模推广应用。
3、经动物实验发现益生菌和丁酸盐对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的小鼠肠道炎症具有预防和缓解作用,并且能够显著改善致病菌引起的小鼠肠道组织形态损坏,增加肠道中短链脂肪酸的含量,减轻炎症,调节肠道菌群,有效预防沙门氏菌造成的肠道炎症。
4、本发明小鼠饲养方法与普通小鼠饲养方法相比饲料中添加了丁酸钠,饮用水中添加了嗜热链球菌CICC20364活菌,可以有效减轻鼠伤寒沙门氏菌侵染小鼠造成的肠道炎症,增加肠道中短链脂肪酸的含量,帮助肠道消化吸收,维持肠道的正常功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠与普通饲养小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌期间死亡率比较图;
图2为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠与普通饲养小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌期间体重比较图;
图3为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠与普通饲养小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌期间粪便沙门氏菌比较图;
图4为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠与普通饲养小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌后粪便短链脂肪酸乙酸含量比较图;
图5为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠与普通饲养小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌后粪便短链脂肪酸丁酸含量比较图;
图6为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠血清与普通饲养小鼠血清中抗炎因子IL-10的比较图;
图7为本发明饲养方法饲养的小鼠血清与普通饲养小鼠血清中抗炎因子TNF-α的比较图;
其中,图片中a-d表示组间显著性差异(P<0.05);****表示与正常感染组比较差异极显著(P<0.0001)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明进一步说明,下属实施例是叙述性的,不是限定性的,不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
本发明中所使用的原料,如无特殊说明,均为常规市售产品,本发明中所使用的方法,如无特殊说明,均为本领域常规方法,本发明所用各物质质量均为常规使用质量。
一种防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,步骤如下:
小鼠在饲养时,每日更换小鼠饮用水,该小鼠饮用水中含有嗜热链球菌,嗜热链球菌的活菌添加量为2×108-2×1010CFU/L,同时小鼠每日饲喂含0.1%-0.2%丁酸钠的小鼠饲料,所述小鼠饲料的原料组成(g/kg)如下:
较优地,含有嗜热链球菌的小鼠饮用水的制备方法如下:
⑴用MRS肉汤培养基活化从-80℃冰箱保存的嗜热链球菌后,配制MRS琼脂培养基,倒板,进行嗜热链球菌三区划线;
⑵从嗜热链球菌培养皿中挑出单菌落接入MRS肉汤培养基中,于42℃,200rpm恒温摇床过夜12h培养,富集菌体;
⑶按照1:100的比例将过夜培养的菌体接入新的MRS肉汤培养基中,用恒温摇床培养至对数期OD600值为0.8±0.2,记录培养时间;
⑷将摇至对数期的菌体进行梯度稀释,使用MRS琼脂培养基进行平板计数;
⑸按照步骤⑵、⑶培养嗜热链球菌至对数期,取培养液在10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s,弃上层清液后加入相同体积的生理盐水,涡旋使其再次悬浮;
⑹再次离心,10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s;菌悬液经过2次清洗后再加入等体积生理盐水,涡旋使细菌细胞悬浮;
⑺根据计数结果,用普通自来水将嗜热链球菌浓度稀释至指定浓度2×108-2×1010CFU/L,即得。
较优地,所述明胶为食品级明胶。
较优地,所述嗜热链球菌为嗜热链球菌CICC20364,该菌株为标准菌株。
较优地,所述丁酸钠为颗粒状的包被型丁酸钠。饲料配方中添加的丁酸钠是颗粒状的包被型丁酸钠,能够减少丁酸钠制作过程中的损失,增加小鼠肠道中短链脂肪酸。
较优地,所述复合矿物质预混料由质量比为3:4的奶粉和动物肝脏粉混合而成。这保证了小鼠饲料的营养丰富,有利于小鼠成长。
较优地,所述复合维生素预混料由质量比为1:1的高粱粉和大豆粉混合而成。这保证了最终成品的全面营养和良好的生理功能。
较优地,所述小鼠饲料的制备如下:
⑴按照配方称取所需各种的物料;
⑵混合称量好的除明胶之外的所有物料;
⑶将混合好的物料过60-80目筛;
⑷配制质量浓度为5%的明胶水溶液,将明胶水溶液在70℃的条件下水浴30min;
⑸过筛后的物料倒入搅拌机,边搅拌边倒入水浴后的明胶水溶液;
⑹将和好的饲料面团搓成长度为3-5cm、直径为1cm的圆柱状;
⑺将步骤⑹制备好的饲料放入烘箱65℃,直到小鼠饲料从内到外全部烘干,即得小鼠饲料。
更具体地,相关制备及检测如下:
实施例1
一种防治实验小鼠沙门氏菌感染的饲养方法,步骤如下:
小鼠在饲养时,每日更换小鼠饮用水,该小鼠饮用水中含有嗜热链球菌,嗜热链球菌的活菌添加量为2×109CFU/L,同时小鼠每日饲喂小鼠饲料,所述小鼠饲料的原料组成(g/kg)如下:玉米淀粉413g、鱼粉280g、蔗糖100g、大豆油50g、麦麸50g、矿物质35g、维生素10g、DL-蛋氨酸3g、L-胱氨酸3g、氯化胆碱2g、重酒石酸胆碱2g、丁酸钠2g,明胶50g;
上述可以防止小鼠沙门氏菌感染的饲料的制备方法按照如下步骤进行:
1)按照配方称取所需各种的物料;
2)混合称量好的所有物料;
3)将混合好的物料过60-80目筛;
4)将800mL 5%的食品级明胶水溶液在70℃的条件下水浴30min;
5)过筛后的物料倒入搅拌机,边搅拌边倒入水浴后的明胶水溶液;
6)将和好的饲料面团搓成长度约为3-5cm,直径约为1cm的圆柱状;
7)将步骤6)制备好的饲料放入烘箱65℃直到小鼠饲料从内到外全部烘干。
小鼠益生菌(嗜热链球菌CICC20364)饮用水制备:
1)用10mL MRS肉汤培养基活化从-80℃冰箱保存的嗜热链球菌后,配制MRS琼脂培养基,倒板,进行嗜热链球菌三区划线。
2)从嗜热链球菌培养皿中挑出单菌落接入10mLMRS肉汤培养基中,于42℃,200rpm恒温摇床过夜(12h)培养,富集菌体。
3)按照1:100的比例将过夜培养的菌体接入新的10mLMRS肉汤培养基中,用恒温摇床培养至对数期(OD600值为0.8左右),记录培养时间。
4)将摇至对数期的菌体进行梯度稀释,使用MRS琼脂培养基进行平板计数。
5)按照上述第1)、2)步骤培养嗜热链球菌至对数期,取培养液在10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s,弃上层清液后加入相同体积的生理盐水,涡旋使其再次悬浮。
6)再次离心,离心条件与上次相同(10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s)。菌悬液经过2次清洗后再加入等体积生理盐水,涡旋使细菌细胞悬浮。
7)根据计数结果用普通自来水将嗜热链球菌浓度稀释至指定浓度(2.0×108CFU/L)。
实施例2
一种防治实验小鼠鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的饲养方法,步骤如下:
小鼠在饲养时,每日更换小鼠饮用水,该小鼠饮用水中含有嗜热链球菌,嗜热链球菌的活菌添加量为2×109CFU/L,同时小鼠每日饲喂小鼠饲料,所述小鼠饲料的原料组成(g/kg)如下:玉米淀粉413.98g、鱼粉280g、蔗糖100g、大豆油50g、麦麸50g、矿物质35g、维生素10g、DL-蛋氨酸3g、L-胱氨酸3g、氯化胆碱2g、重酒石酸胆碱2g、丁酸钠1.02g,明胶50g。
上述可以防止小鼠沙门氏菌感染的饲料的制备方法按照如下步骤进行:
1)按照配方称取所需各种的物料;
2)混合称量好的所有物料;
3)将混合好的物料过60-80目筛;
4)将800mL 5%的食品级明胶水溶液在70℃的条件下水浴30min;
5)过筛后的物料倒入搅拌机,边搅拌边倒入水浴后的明胶水溶液;
6)将和好的饲料面团搓成长度约为3-5cm,直径约为1cm的圆柱状;
7)将步骤6制备好的饲料放入烘箱65℃直到小鼠饲料从内到外全部烘干。
小鼠益生菌(嗜热链球菌CICC20364)饮用水制备:
1)用10mL MRS肉汤培养基活化从-80℃冰箱保存的嗜热链球菌后,配制MRS琼脂培养基,倒板,进行嗜热链球菌三区划线。
2)从嗜热链球菌培养皿中挑出单菌落接入10mLMRS肉汤培养基中,于42℃,200rpm恒温摇床过夜(12h)培养,富集菌体。
3)按照1:100的比例将过夜培养的菌体接入新的10mLMRS肉汤培养基中,用恒温摇床培养至对数期(OD600值为0.8左右),记录培养时间。
4)将摇至对数期的菌体进行梯度稀释,使用MRS琼脂培养基进行平板计数。
5)按照上述第1)、2)步骤培养嗜热链球菌至对数期,取培养液在10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s,弃上层清液后加入相同体积的生理盐水,涡旋使其再次悬浮。
6)再次离心,离心条件与上次相同(10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s)。菌悬液经过2次清洗后再加入等体积生理盐水,涡旋使细菌细胞悬浮。
7)根据计数结果用普通自来水将嗜热链球菌浓度稀释至指定浓度(2.0×109CFU/L)。
相关的检测结果如图1至图7所示,从图中可以看出:
(1)图1中正常感染组的小鼠存活率在55%,益生感染组的存活率在85%,从死亡率来看,本发明的饲养方法能有效提高小鼠感染沙门的致死率。
(2)图2中益生组小鼠的体重与正常组小鼠始终保持在同一水平,两个感染组的小鼠体重在感染过程中不断降低,但是从图看益生感染组小鼠的体重比正常感染组小鼠体重略高,但不显著。
(3)图3中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌采用沙门氏菌显色培养基计数。在灌胃第6天时,益生感染组小鼠粪便中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的数量显著低于正常感染组,说明本发明饲养方法能够有效减少鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的定植。
(4)图4与图5为小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸乙酸和丁酸的测定结果,小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸采用的是气相色谱法测定。益生组小鼠粪便中乙酸含量显著高于正常组,益生感染组乙酸也高于正常感染组,但益生组的丁酸低于正常组,可能是益生饮食组小鼠摄入丁酸钠后丁酸在灌胃过程中进一步降解成乙酸,降低肠道篇pH,进一步抑制沙门氏菌的增长。
(5)图6和图7中的炎症因子IL-10和TNF-α是用Mouse Interleukin10(IL-10)Elisa Kit和Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Assay Kit测定的。图6中正常感染组的抗炎因子IL-10的水平最低,益生组和益生感染组与正常组水平相当,图7中正常感染组的促炎因子TNF-α水平最高,益生组和益生感染组与正常组水平相当。由此说明本发明饲养方法能够有效降低鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染引起的炎症,促使小鼠机体保持正常水平。
由此可以看出,本发明中益生菌嗜热链球菌CICC20364以及丁酸钠显著降低了小鼠因鼠伤寒沙门氏菌侵染引起的致死作用,提高了小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量,其中乙酸尤为显著。短链脂肪酸是细菌代谢多糖的产物,且能够促进肠上皮细胞的增值,尤其是丁酸盐的产生,加强了肠上皮细胞功能,修复肠屏障,缓解沙门氏菌引起的肠道炎症。
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例,但是本领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内,各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的,因此,本发明的范围不局限于实施例所公开的内容。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:含有嗜热链球菌的小鼠饮用水的制备方法如下:
⑴用MRS肉汤培养基活化从-80℃冰箱保存的嗜热链球菌后,配制MRS琼脂培养基,倒板,进行嗜热链球菌三区划线;
⑵从嗜热链球菌培养皿中挑出单菌落接入MRS肉汤培养基中,于42℃,200rpm恒温摇床过夜12h培养,富集菌体;
⑶按照1:100的比例将过夜培养的菌体接入新的MRS肉汤培养基中,用恒温摇床培养至对数期OD600值为0.8±0.2,记录培养时间;
⑷将摇至对数期的菌体进行梯度稀释,使用MRS琼脂培养基进行平板计数;
⑸按照步骤⑵、⑶培养嗜热链球菌至对数期,取培养液在10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s,弃上层清液后加入相同体积的生理盐水,涡旋使其再次悬浮;
⑹再次离心,10000rpm,4℃的条件下离心30s;菌悬液经过2次清洗后再加入等体积生理盐水,涡旋使细菌细胞悬浮;
⑺根据计数结果,用普通自来水将嗜热链球菌浓度稀释至指定浓度2×108-2×1010CFU/L,即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:所述明胶为食品级明胶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:所述嗜热链球菌为嗜热链球菌CICC20364,该菌株为标准菌株。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:所述丁酸钠为颗粒状的包被型丁酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:所述复合矿物质预混料由质量比为3:4的奶粉和动物肝脏粉混合而成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:所述复合维生素预混料由质量比为1:1的高粱粉和大豆粉混合而成。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的防治鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的小鼠饲养方法,其特征在于:所述小鼠饲料的制备如下:
⑴按照配方称取所需各种的物料;
⑵混合称量好的除明胶之外的所有物料;
⑶将混合好的物料过60-80目筛;
⑷配制质量浓度为5%的明胶水溶液,将明胶水溶液在70℃的条件下水浴30min;
⑸过筛后的物料倒入搅拌机,边搅拌边倒入水浴后的明胶水溶液;
⑹将和好的饲料面团搓成长度为3-5cm、直径为1cm的圆柱状;
⑺将步骤⑹制备好的饲料放入烘箱65℃,直到小鼠饲料从内到外全部烘干,即得小鼠饲料。
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