CN112219765A - Fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device and method - Google Patents
Fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219765A CN112219765A CN202011091636.3A CN202011091636A CN112219765A CN 112219765 A CN112219765 A CN 112219765A CN 202011091636 A CN202011091636 A CN 202011091636A CN 112219765 A CN112219765 A CN 112219765A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement method. The invention firstly manufactures the fry bait biological purification and nutrition strengthening device with simple structure and low cost, which comprises a bottomless net cage, an inflation device and a running water device. By utilizing the device to culture and purchase fry bait organisms for more than 4 hours under running water and inflation conditions, a large amount of organic particles, bacteria and excrement ingested by the bait organisms in the original culture pond can be fully discharged out of the body to be purified. Meanwhile, pond water containing the unicellular algae outside the bottomless net cage is pumped into the net cage by a water pump, and the fry bait organisms ingest the unicellular algae, so that the nutrition such as unsaturated fatty acid in the bait organisms is enhanced. The treated bait organisms are used for feeding the fry, so that diseases or malnutrition caused by the poor ingestion of the fry or the lack of unsaturated fatty acid baits is avoided, and the survival rate and the growth speed of the fry are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine fish fry breeding. More particularly, relates to a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device and a method.
Background
The ecological fry culture in outdoor mulching film pond is developed in recent years and has the fry culture principle of breeding basic bait unicellular algae in outdoor pond, breeding bait organisms copepods and cladocerans in water with unicellular algae and feeding copepods and cladocerans to fry. The copepods and cladocerans naturally propagated in the pond cannot meet the requirement of feeding the fry, and artificially cultured copepods and cladocerans need to be purchased and fed to the fry. However, the mode of artificially culturing copepods and cladocerans in the industry is that a large amount of chicken manure and other organic fertilizers are applied to a pond to enable a water body to contain a large amount of organic particles and bacteria, and the copepods and the cladocerans ingest the organic particles and the bacteria to grow and reproduce, so that a large amount of organic particles and bacteria exist in digestive tracts of purchased copepods and cladocerans, wherein the organic particles and bacteria also comprise pathogenic bacteria such as vibrios, and after the fish fries are ingested, severe enteritis is easily caused to cause the death of the fish fries; on the other hand, the copepods and cladocerans ingest organic particles and bacteria, so that the amount of unsaturated fatty acids contained in the bodies of the copepods and cladocerans, which are necessary for the growth of the fries, is low, while the unsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA are necessary for the growth and development of the fries, and the fries are difficult to be metamorphosed into lives by ingesting baits lacking unsaturated fatty acids. When the copepods and cladocerans are directly put into a fry raising pond without treatment, the copepods and cladocerans are ingested by fries, so that the fries are frequently diseased or malnutrition, and a large number of the fries are killed.
In the existing fry culture technology, in order to improve the survival rate of fries and mainly aim at the disinfection management of fry culture ponds, for example, patent CN201610092394.7 discloses a culture method of Australia Longwenyu fries, which uses potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-3 g/ton water to clean and disinfect the pond bottom and the pond wall of the fry culture pond so as to prevent the fries from generating bacterial complications. The research on the solution of fry diseases and death caused by unclean fry baits is less, the existing bait organisms of the fries, namely the copepods and the cladocerans, are soaked and disinfected for 20 minutes by 50ppm of PVP-I before feeding to remove bacteria and viruses on the body surfaces of the copepods and the cladocerans, but no measures are taken to remove a large amount of bacteria in the copepods and the cladocerans, and the copepods and the cladocerans are not subjected to nutrition enhancement, so the existing treatment method has no obvious effect in production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device and method. The invention firstly provides a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device which is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture and low in cost. And (3) putting the fish fry baits copepods and cladocera into the device, standing for more than 4 hours, discharging excrement in intestines and stomach of the copepods and the cladocera out of the device, purifying the excrement along with water, and simultaneously feeding the copepods and the cladocera to unicellular algae in the water to further promote the nutrition of the copepods and the cladocera to be strengthened. After the fry eat the treated bait, the survival rate is obviously improved, the nutrition is improved, and the growth speed is accelerated.
The invention aims to provide a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device;
the invention also aims to provide a method for biologically purifying and enriching the fish fry bait by using the device.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device comprises a bottomless net cage, an inflation device and a water flowing device, wherein the inflation device can inflate in the bottomless net cage, and the water flowing device can suck external water of the bottomless net cage into the bottomless net cage.
Preferably, the bottomless net cage comprises a floating frame, a bottomless net bag and a lead weight, wherein a bag opening at one end of the bottomless net bag is fixed on the floating frame, and the lead weight is arranged at the edge of the other end of the bottomless net bag.
Preferably, the inflation device comprises an air pump, an inflation tube and an inflatable stone, wherein one end of the inflation tube is connected with the air pump, and the other end of the inflation tube is connected with the inflatable stone.
Preferably, the running water device comprises a water pump and a water pipe, one end of the water pipe is connected with the water pump, the other end of the water pipe extends into the bottomless net cage, and the water pump is located outside the bottomless net cage.
The fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device is applied to fry breeding.
The invention also provides a method for biologically purifying and enriching the bait of the fry by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device in a fry raising pond, wherein a floating frame floats on the water surface, a lead weight is sunk at the bottom of the pond, and a bottomless mesh bag between the floating frame and the lead weight forms a closed space;
s2, starting an inflation device to continuously inflate, and simultaneously pumping pond water containing unicellular algae outside the bottomless net cage into the bottomless net cage by using a water flowing device;
s3, placing the purchased fry bait organisms in a bottomless net cage of the device, and culturing for more than 4 hours, wherein the bait organisms can be purified and enriched;
and S4, lifting the lead weight of the bottomless net cage from the bottom of the pond, and enabling the purified and nutrition-enhanced bait organisms to swim out of the bottomless net cage for feeding the fry.
The invention firstly manufactures the fry bait biological purification and nutrition strengthening device with simple structure and low cost, the purchased bait is put into the device and cultured for more than 4 hours under the flowing water and inflation condition, and then the excrement containing pathogenic bacteria in the intestines and stomach of the bait is discharged out of the net cage along with water. A large number of experimental researches show that a large number of organic particles, bacteria and excrement ingested by the bait culture pond in the original culture pond can be fully discharged out of the body to be purified after the bait culture pond is cultured for more than 4 hours. Meanwhile, pond water containing the unicellular algae outside the bottomless net cage is pumped into the net cage by a water pump, so that the bait ingests the unicellular algae in the water body, and the nutrition such as unsaturated fatty acid in the bait is enhanced.
The fry bait is obtained according to the fry bait biological purification and nutrition strengthening method.
Preferably, the bait is copepods and/or cladocerans.
When the baits obtained by the treatment are fed to the fry, one side of the lead weight on the bottomless net cage can be lifted, and then the baits such as copepods, cladocera and the like can swim out of the net cage for the safe feeding of the fry.
Because the purchased fry bait organisms mainly eat organic particles and bacteria, the amount of unsaturated fatty acid contained in the bodies of the fry bait organisms is very low, the fry bait lacking unsaturated fatty acid is difficult to survive, and meanwhile, the fry bait organisms easily cause serious enteritis and increase of death rate. The experimental research result shows that the survival rate of the fries can be obviously improved, the in-vivo nutrition level of the fries can be obviously improved, and the growth of the fries can be accelerated by feeding the copepods and cladocera baits obtained by the treatment.
Preferably, the bottomless mesh bag length is greater than the pond water depth.
Preferably, the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device middle floating frame is formed by connecting plastic pipes.
The floating frame can be any one of square, round, oval, square, cuboid and the like, and can float on the water surface and fix the bottomless mesh bag.
Preferably, the bottomless mesh bag in the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device is made of a 150-200-mesh bolting silk mesh.
In order to ensure that the fry bait cannot swim out of the net cage and be ingested by the fry in the culture process and ensure that water inside and outside the net cage circulates, the mesh size of the bottomless net bag is screened through experiments, and the requirements can be met when the bottomless net bag is 150-200 meshes.
Preferably, the interval between the lead drops in the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device is 20-30 cm.
In order to ensure that the bait cannot swim out of the bottom of the bottomless mesh bag, the lead weight is arranged at the bottom of the bottomless mesh bag. After the lead weight sinks to the bottom, the net bag can be pulled to be close to the bottom of the pond. In order to further ensure that a bottomless mesh bag between the floating frame and the lead weights encloses a closed space, the lead weights are screened according to the arrangement interval and the weight of the lead weights, and the formation of the closed space can be ensured and no material waste can be caused when the interval between the lead weights is 20-30 cm.
Preferably, 1-2 inflatable stones are arranged in the bottomless net cage according to the water surface per square meter, so that sufficient oxygen in the net cage is ensured.
In order to ensure the density of the unicellular algae in the bottomless net cage and continuously discharge excrement of the bait organisms out of the bottomless net cage, a water flowing device is needed to continuously pump the water outside the bottomless net cage into the bottomless net cage.
Preferably, the flow rate of the water pump of the water flowing device reaches above the volume of the bottomless net cage every hour so as to provide sufficient chlamydomonas for the bait organisms and facilitate the excrement, pathogenic bacteria, viruses and the like of the bait organisms to be discharged out of the net cage.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention makes the fry bait biological purifying and nutrition intensifying device, and places the baits of copepods, cladocera and the like in the fry bait biological purifying and nutrition intensifying device for culturing for a period of time, so that organic particles, bacteria and excrement in the bait biological body are fully discharged out of the body to be purified, and meanwhile, the bait biological continuously ingests unicellular algae to enhance the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the body. The treated bait organisms are used for feeding the fries, so that diseases or malnutrition caused by unclean ingestion of the fries or the lack of unsaturated fatty acid baits can be effectively avoided, and the survival rate and the growth speed of the fries are improved.
In addition, the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and low cost, and is suitable for actual production needs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device of the invention; wherein, 1 is a bottomless net cage, 11 is a floating frame, 12 is a bottomless net bag, 13 is a lead weight, 2 is an inflation device, 21 is an air pump, 22 is an inflation pipe, 23 is an inflation stone, 3 is a water flowing device, 31 is a water pump, and 32 is a water pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1 fry bait biological purification and nutrition fortification device
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device, which has the following specific structure:
the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device comprises a bottomless net cage 1, an inflation device 2 and a water flowing device 3, wherein the inflation device 2 can inflate in the bottomless net cage 1, and the water flowing device 3 can suck water outside the bottomless net cage 1 into the bottomless net cage 1.
The bottomless net cage 1 comprises a floating frame 11, a bottomless net bag 12 and a lead weight 13, wherein a bag opening at one end of the bottomless net bag 12 is fixed on the floating frame 11, and the lead weight 13 is arranged at the edge of the other end of the bottomless net bag.
The inflation device 2 comprises an air pump 21, an inflation tube 22 and an inflatable stone 23, wherein one end of the inflation tube 22 is connected with the air pump 21, and the other end of the inflation tube 22 is connected with the inflatable stone 23.
The water flowing device 3 comprises a water pump 31 and a water pipe 32, one end of the water pipe 32 is connected with the water pump 31, and the other end of the water pipe extends into the bottomless net cage 1.
Wherein, the floating frame 11 is rectangular, and the manufacturing process of the bottomless net cage 1 is as follows: connecting 1 inch of PVC pipe with an elbow to form a rectangular floating frame 11 with side length of 3m, sewing 150 mesh silk net cloth into a bottomless net bag 12, wherein the side length of the opening of the bottomless net bag 12 is consistent with the circumference of the floating frame 11; one side of the bottomless mesh bag 12 is fixed on the floating frame 11, and the edge of the other side is provided with lead weights 13, wherein the intervals between the lead weights 13 are 20-30 cm.
Example 2 fry bait biological purification and nutrient enrichment method
The embodiment provides a fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the device in the embodiment 1 is placed in a seedling raising pond, the floating frame 11 floats on the water surface, the lead weight 13 sinks at the bottom of the pond, and a bottomless mesh bag 12 between the floating frame 11 and the lead weight 13 encloses a closed space;
(2) starting the aerating device 2 to continuously aerate the aerated stones 23, and simultaneously starting the flowing water device 3 to pump pond water containing the unicellular algae outside the bottomless net cage 1 into the bottomless net cage 1 by using the water pump 31;
(3) and (3) putting the purchased copepods and cladocerans into the bottomless net cage 1 of the device in the step (1) and culturing for more than 4 hours. Excrement in intestines and stomach of copepods and cladocerans is discharged out of the net cage 1 along with water to be purified, and meanwhile, the copepods and cladocerans ingest unicellular algae in water to strengthen the nutrition of the copepods and cladocerans;
(4) when the copepods and the cladocerans are fed with the fries, the lead plummets 13 arranged on the bottomless net cage 1 can be lifted from the bottom of the pond, and the copepods and the cladocerans can swim out of the bottomless net cage 1 to feed the fries safely.
Example 3 application of fry bait biological purification and nutrient enrichment method
The artificial breeding test of 2 batches of pearl giant grouper is carried out by adopting the method in a breeding base of Ji town of Rezhou city from 4 months to 6 months in 2020 by the aquiculture Limited company of morning glory of Rezhou city. Pond conditions: 4 mulching films are paved for 3.5-4 mu/one; the water depth is 1.3-1.8 m; the salinity of the seawater is 32-34 per mill. Seedling culture process and management: feeding water into the pond, applying organic fertilizer rich water to culture unicellular algae, rotifers, copepods and cladocerans; arranging an incubation bag in the pond, putting roes into the incubation bag for incubation, and discharging the fry from the incubation bag into a fry breeding water body of the pond after 2 days of incubation and when the stomach is formed; feeding the fries to rotifers, copepods and cladocerans naturally propagated in the pond within 7-8 days after opening the bag; feeding the purchased artificially cultured copepods and cladocerans after 7-8 days until the fries come out of the pool.
Two test groups and two control groups are arranged in each batch, and each group contains 1kg of pearl giant grouper eggs. The control group is fed with artificially cultured copepods and cladocerans, which are not purified and enriched in nutrition, and is only sterilized by 50ppm VP-I for 20min and then cleaned and fed. The experimental group was fed artificially cultured copepods and cladocerans and were subjected to biological decontamination and nutrient enrichment as described in example 2. Wherein, before feeding artificially cultured copepods and cladocerans, each group of fish fries ingest rotifers, copepods and cladocerans naturally propagated in a pond, and there is no obvious difference in ingestion and growth.
And (4) counting the time for each group of fry to reach the emergence specification of 2cm in body length and the survival rate of each group of fry.
The fry survival rate statistical method comprises the following steps: survival rate is the number of seedlings/fertilized egg number multiplied by 100%.
The test effect is as follows: in the control group, the time for the fry to reach the emergence specification of 2cm in body length is 26-28 days, and the survival rate is respectively as follows: 0. 2.3%, 4.8%, 3.1%; the time for the fry in the test group to reach the emergence specification of 2cm in body length is 20-22 days, and the survival rate of the fry is 16%, 27%, 29% and 21% respectively.
The results show that the method can effectively purify and enrich the artificially cultured copepods and cladocerans, and the copepods and cladocerans baits after the fry are ingested can obviously improve the survival rate of the fries. Compared with a control group, the difference of the time of the fry of the experimental group reaching the fry emergence specification of 2cm is more than 3 days, which shows that the method can obviously improve the growth rate of the fry. Meanwhile, the technology of the invention does not need complicated facilities, equipment, personnel and the like, and is very simple, convenient and practical.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device, which is characterized by comprising a bottomless net cage (1), an air charging device (2) and a water flowing device (3);
the bottomless net cage (1) comprises a floating frame (11), a bottomless net bag (12) and a lead weight (13), wherein a bag opening at one end of the bottomless net bag (12) is fixed on the floating frame (11), and the lead weight (13) is arranged at the other end edge of the bottomless net bag;
the inflation device (2) comprises an air pump (21), an inflation tube (22) and an inflation stone (23), one end of the inflation tube (22) is connected with the air pump (21), the other end of the inflation tube is connected with the inflation stone (23), and the inflation device (2) can inflate in the bottomless net cage (1);
the water flowing device (3) comprises a water pump (31) and a water pipe (32), one end of the water pipe (32) is connected with the water pump (31), the other end of the water pipe extends into the bottomless net cage (1), the water pump (31) is located outside the bottomless net cage (1) and can pump external water in the bottomless net cage (1) into the bottomless net cage (1).
2. The fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein the bottomless mesh bag (12) is made of a 150-200 mesh bolting silk mesh.
3. The fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein the interval between the lead weights (13) is 20-30 cm.
4. A fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device of any one of claims 1 to 3 in a fry raising pond, wherein a floating frame (11) floats on the water surface, a lead weight (13) is sunk at the bottom of the pond, and a bottomless mesh bag (12) between the floating frame (11) and the lead weight (13) encloses a closed space;
s2, starting the inflation device (2) to continuously inflate, and simultaneously pumping pond water containing unicellular algae outside the bottomless net cage into the bottomless net cage (1) by using a water pump (31) of the water flowing device (3);
s3, placing the purchased fry bait organisms in the bottomless net cage (1) of the device for breeding for more than 4 hours, and purifying and enriching the bait organisms;
s4, lifting the lead weight (13) of the bottomless net cage (1) from the bottom of the pool, and enabling the purified and nutrition-enhanced bait organisms to swim out of the bottomless net cage (1) for feeding of the fry.
5. The fry bait biological purification and nutrition fortification method of claim 4, wherein the bottomless mesh bag (12) is taller than the pond water depth.
6. The fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the flow rate of the water pump (31) is more than the volume of the bottomless net cage (1) per hour.
7. The fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement method of claim 4, wherein the bait organisms are copepods and/or cladocerans.
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| CN202011091636.3A CN112219765A (en) | 2020-10-13 | 2020-10-13 | Fry bait biological purification and nutrition enhancement device and method |
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Application publication date: 20210115 |