CN112219624A

CN112219624A - Green prevention and control method for cycadopsis ferruginea

Info

Publication number: CN112219624A
Application number: CN202010851532.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程东美; 何俊烺; 张志祥; 周易; 何景超
Original assignee: South China Agricultural University; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
Current assignee: South China Agricultural University; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
Priority date: 2020-08-21
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2021-01-15

Abstract

The invention discloses a green prevention and control method of a cycadopsis ferruginea kummer, which comprises the following steps: judging the invasion condition of the cycadopsis cyrtophylla of the cycadis cyrtophylla, wherein the invasion condition comprises primary invasion and serious invasion; releasing the pseudostellaria maximowicziana on cycas revoluta plants with primary infringement status, wherein the releasing time of the pseudostellaria maximowicziana is from the full incubation period of cycas revolutionalis eggs to the 2-year nymph peak period, and the ratio of the number of the released pseudoptera maximowicziana to the number of the cycas revoluta maximowicziana is 1: (100-150); cutting and destroying branches and leaves of the weevil on cycas revoluta plants with severe infringement of infringement condition, and spraying an insecticide, wherein the insecticide is thiamethoxam added with Jiefuli or Guogele auxiliary agent. The green prevention and control method improves the prevention and control effect of the cycadopsis cyrtonema kummer, effectively reduces the usage amount of chemical insecticide and the influence on the environment, and is safe to people and environment-friendly.

Description

Green prevention and control method for cycadopsis ferruginea

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a green prevention and control method for preventing and controlling cycadopsis cyrtophyllum on cycas.

Background

Cycas revoluta Thunb is a popular ornamental plant, is cultivated all over the country, and has a large planting area in places such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and the like.

The Lepidoptera rostochi (Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takag I) belongs to Hemiptera (Hemiptera), the Lepidoptera family (Diaspididae), and is discovered and reported in Thailand in 1972 for the first time, and the insect damage is reported in a plurality of countries in the southeast east and south, as well as in British, France, United states and the like. Some areas even break out of disasters, directly affect the ornamental function of the cycas, and cause serious economic loss. The insect harm is reported in Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Chongqing, hong Kong, Taiwan, Hainan and Guangdong provinces in China. In recent years, it is common and serious in Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

The host of the cycadopsis ferrugineus is mainly a plant of the cycadidae family, such as cycadis ferrugineus c.revoluta, cycadis ferrugineus c.media Brown, cycadis ferrugineus c.rumphe Miq, cycadis ferrugineus c.szechuanensis Cheng et Fu, cycadis ferrugineus c.thursii Brown, cycada ferrugineus c.panzhihuaensis Zhou et Yang, and the like. The nymphs and adults gather on the leaves to prick and suck the juice, and the growth of cycas revoluta is directly threatened. White spots appear on leaves or the leaves are yellow at the initial stage, so that photosynthesis is influenced; in severe cases, the mesochite is covered with leaves, and the leaves are withered and yellow, even the whole plant dies. The insect usually attacks from the petiole and gradually develops towards the leaves, cones, stems, even roots. On leaves, the initial harmful symptoms are chlorosis and spots, along with the increase of the number of pest populations, the chlorosis gradually aggravated, the photosynthesis capability of the leaves is weakened, and finally, the damaged leaves turn yellow and brown until the leaves are dry; when the disease is serious, the whole leaf covers a plurality of thick scale (containing dead insect bodies and live insect bodies), the feather leaves gradually become withered and yellow, and even the whole plant of cycas revolute dies. Most pests are distributed on the back of the lobule, and a few pests are distributed on the front of the leaf, and are generally distributed on the leaf axis, stem and other parts, and hundreds of pests exist per square centimeter. The underground part of stems and roots of the cycas revoluta can be damaged, and the underground part of 60cm can also detect the imagoes. Because the dead scale shells are not easy to fall off, after the pesticide is independently sprayed for prevention and treatment, the plant damage condition is still serious, and the pesticide effect is difficult to confirm; and seriously affect the photosynthesis and ornamental value of cycas revoluta.

The cycas revoluta has better ornamental and greening values, but the cycas revoluta grows slowly, the growth of the cycas revoluta is directly influenced by the harm of the cycas verticillata, and the ornamental value is reduced. The cycas revoluta pinnate leaf has more than 100 pairs of splinters which contain thicker wax, are hard, are upwards obliquely unfolded and slightly form a V shape, the edges are obviously rolled backwards downwards, the upper part is slightly narrowed, the tip is provided with a thorn-shaped tip, the base is narrow, the two sides are asymmetric, the lower side is extended downwards and grows, the upper part is dark green and glossy, the center is slightly concave, a slightly raised middle vein is arranged in the groove, the lower part is light green, the middle vein is obviously raised, and the two sides are provided with soft hair or no hair. The special shape and structure of the leaves make the liquid medicine very difficult to attach to the leaves and the leaf backs. In addition, the waxiness on the surface of the cycadopsis cyrtophyllum insect body has stronger hydrophobicity, and the liquid medicine is difficult to attach and contact with the insect body, so that the single use of the pesticide has poor spraying control effect. In addition, the shape of the fruit leaves is similar to that of fox tails, and the surface of the fruit leaves is provided with more fluff; the top of the cylindrical trunk is provided with rhombic petiole residues which are obviously and spirally arranged, the traditional pruning is not thorough, and the residue gaps, fruit leaves and the root of the cycad is always ignored during the prevention and the treatment, so that the cycad becomes a recurrent insect source. Because the single spraying is not thorough in prevention and control, the scale insects frequently occur, the pesticide application amount is increased, the pesticide application frequency is increased, the environment pollution is caused, and the sustainable development is not met. In order to reduce the use amount of the chemical insecticide and reduce environmental pollution, the development of a green, efficient and environment-friendly method for preventing and treating the cycadopsis ferrugineans becomes necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects that the prevention and the control of the white dunker of the cycas revoluta is incomplete, the scale insects frequently occur and the pesticide application is increased to cause environmental pollution in the prior art by spraying the pesticide on the cycas revoluta plants, and provides a green prevention and control method of the white dunker of the cycas revoluta.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a green prevention and treatment method for a cycadopsis ferruginea kummer comprises the following steps:

judging the invasion condition of the cycadopsis cyrtophylla of the cycadis cyrtophylla, wherein the invasion condition comprises primary invasion and serious invasion;

releasing the pseudostellaria maximowicziana from cycas revoluta plants with primary infringement condition, wherein the releasing time of the pseudostellaria maximowicziana is from the full incubation period of cycas revolutionalis eggs to the 2-year nymph peak period, and the ratio of the number of the released pseudoptera maximowicziana to the number of cycas revoluta kuwanensis is 1: (100-150);

cutting off and destroying branches and leaves with insects on cycas revoluta plants with severe invasion of invasion conditions, and then spraying an insecticide, wherein the insecticide is thiamethoxam added with Jiefuli or Guogele auxiliary agent.

Further, the method for judging the invasion condition of the cycas revoluta kurz plants by the cycas albaca comprises the following steps:

the leaf of the lower part of the middle and lower leaf of the cycas revoluta plant is provided with white cycas revoluta which is the primary invasion;

the front and back sides of the leaf, petiole and base of petiole of cycas revoluta are covered with white cycas verticillata, which is a serious invasion.

Further, the method for cutting and destroying the branches and leaves with the insects comprises the following steps:

in spring and summer, 3-6 feathers are reserved from inside to outside for the normal growth of cycas revoluta plants, and then all other leaf blades with insects are cut from the base of a petiole and are intensively destroyed;

before new leaves grow out in late autumn to spring, all the leaves with the insects are cut from the base of the petiole and are intensively destroyed, the base of the petiole is trimmed to be tidy, the residual petiole is as short as possible, dead leaves mixed at the stem top and the residue of the petiole are removed, and dead leaves and weeds at the base of the trunk are removed.

Further, the method for spraying the insecticide comprises the following steps:

spraying the front and back sides of the leaves and the stems until the front and back sides of the leaves are fully covered with fog drops, the gaps between the tops of the stems and the upper petioles of the stems are fully covered with liquid medicine, and the lower parts of the stems are fully wetted until the liquid medicine flows downwards; and finally spraying 1000mL of the pesticide along the base of the stem of the plant until the base of the stem is completely wet, and spraying the plant with serious damage to the underground for 30-60 cm.

Further, the second spraying of the insecticide is performed on the seventh day after the first spraying of the insecticide, and the third spraying of the insecticide is performed on the fifteenth day after the first spraying of the insecticide.

Further, after the insecticide is sprayed for the third time and new leaves grow out in the spring of the second year, the situation of the cycadopsis ferruginea on the plants is checked, and if a small amount of cycadopsis ferruginea occurs, the cycadopsis ferruginea is released for prevention and control.

Further, the volume ratio of the thiamethoxam to the Jeffersry in the pesticide is 1: 2000; or the volume ratio of thiamethoxam to Guoguanle nursery is 1: 250.

compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the Fangtoujia is released to control nymphs when the Sclerotium crystallinum just happens, so that the occurrence and expansion of the coccid are reduced, and the method is green, environment-friendly and sustainable; on cycads with serious cycads, a large number of branches and leaves with insects are sheared and intensively destroyed, the number of insects is reduced, and then residual coccid on leaves are killed by spraying thiamethoxam liquid medicine added with auxiliary agent Jiefuli or Guoguanle nursery; in addition, the invention thoroughly kills the pests hiding gaps of the leaf and stalk, the top of the stem and the underground part through scientific spraying, reasonable trimming and scientific spraying. Compared with the traditional single chemical spray control, the method reduces the application times and the application amount and improves the control effect; and by adding the auxiliary agent, the adhesion and the prevention and treatment effect of the pesticide on the leaves are obviously improved, the use concentration and the application amount of the pesticide are effectively reduced, and the effect of reducing the pesticide is achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dissolution effect of the national orchids on wax secretion of the female adult Lecanispis ferruginea;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dissolution effect of Jefferi on wax secretion of the female imago of Scutellaria baicalensis Gecko.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.

Further, the method for spraying the insecticide comprises the following steps:

example 1

The method for preventing and treating the cycadopsis ferruginea comprises the following steps:

1) plant quarantine

The seedling transportation and the farming operation are main modes of trans-garden propagation of the cycadopsis ferrugineus, the plant quarantine is the primary task of preventing and controlling invasion and harm of the external cycadis ferrugineus, and the plant quarantine is strict, and the introduction or the transportation of the seedlings with the cycadis ferrugineus is strictly forbidden.

2) Biological control

The white pelage gecko is generated on the cycas revoluta, when the gecko is mainly distributed in the lower lobe of the middle and lower leaves, the pseudocephem is released from the egg hatching peak period to the 2-year-old nymph period, and the release ratio is pseudocephem: the scale of the cycadopsis ferruginea is 1: 100-150. After release, the number of the pelagia pelteobagrus (nymphs and adults) on the leaves is investigated every 10 days, and when the number is not different from that of the control or is increased, the pelagia pelteobagrus are released for 1 time.

3) Agricultural control

The scale insect is large in occurrence amount and serious in harm, white Su-Fe Baikuei scales are distributed on the front and back sides of the leaf of the Su-Fe, the leaf stalks and the base parts of the leaf stalks, and obvious scale shells can be observed at the base parts of the stems.

In spring and summer, 3-6 feathers are reserved from inside to outside for the normal growth of plants, and then all the other insect-carrying leaves are cut from the base of the petiole and are intensively destroyed; cutting off all the leaf blades with the insects from the base of the petiole before new leaves grow out in autumn to spring, intensively destroying the leaf blades, trimming the base of the petiole to be tidy, and enabling the residual petiole to be as short as possible; removing dead leaves at the stem top and petiole residues, and removing dead leaves and weeds at the base of the trunk.

4) Chemical control

After trimming and removing the insect-carrying leaves, dead leaves and weeds, spraying 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and a mixed liquid medicine with high efficiency on the whole plant, wherein the concentration of thiamethoxam in the liquid medicine is 3000 times that of 2000-fold chemical drugs, and the high efficiency is 2000 times that of 2000-fold chemical drugs, spraying the mixed liquid medicine to the front side, the back side and the stem top of the leaves is fully distributed with small droplets, the residues of rhombic petioles in spiral arrangement are obviously wetted, obvious liquid medicine flows downwards on the cylindrical stems, and the cylindrical stems are sprayed with 1000mL of the mixed liquid medicine around the base of the stems until the soil is obviously wetted. The 2 nd and 3 rd applications were performed 7d and 15d after application.

Checking the occurrence condition of the cycadopsis ferrugineus 30 days and 60 days after the 3 rd application of the medicine, checking the occurrence condition of the cycadopsis ferrugineus on the plant after new leaves grow out in the spring of the next year, and releasing the Fangtoujia for control if a small amount of cycadopsis ferrugineus occurs.

Test the dissolving effect of Jiefuli, Guoguanlei garden on wax secretion (mesochite) of female adult of Scutellaria baicalensis Gecko

Selecting 7 pesticide assistants such as commercial Jiefuli, Bijia, Guoguanle garden, Guoguang assistant, Kansuteng, Kangaroo and plant engine, diluting with clear water to high concentration, medium concentration and low concentration of recommended concentration, sucking 10uL of the diluted pesticide assistant with an adjustable liquid-transferring gun and dripping on the wax secretion of the female adult of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, observing the change of the wax secretion with a stereomicroscope and comparing the solubility. Test results show that Jiefuli and Guoguanle garden have a good dissolving effect on wax secretions of the cycaducium cyrtonema kummer, dark red worm bodies can be exposed, and the control effect of the insecticide is improved, and the results are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.

As can be seen from figure 1, the Guoguang orchids have obvious dissolving effect on wax secretion (scale) of the female adult of the cycadopsis ferrugineus, the dissolving effect is most obvious by 200 times, and the red polypide is clearly visible 5 minutes after treatment.

As can be seen from fig. 2, the excellent effect is that at the recommended use concentration, the wax secretions are dissolved 5 minutes after the treatment, the dissolution effect decreases with increasing dilution factor, and the dissolution performance decreases with increasing time.

Tests show that the synergistic effect of the dithiazine and Jiexioli, Guoguang orchids on the cycas revoluta kummer

The synergistic effect is measured by adopting an insect immersion method, the concentration range of the thiamethoxam toxicity measurement is determined through a pre-test, and then a mixed solution of 7 auxiliary agents and the thiamethoxam is prepared for toxicity measurement according to the dissolution effect of the auxiliary agents. 6 concentration gradients are prepared from the single agent and the mixed agent, 3 replicates are arranged for each concentration, 20 test insects are repeated for each replicate, and a clear water control group is arranged. Immersing fresh cycas revoluta leaves with female adults into the prepared liquid medicine for 5s, taking out, inclining the leaves, naturally drying the leaves, placing the treated cycas revoluta leaves in a tray (culture dish) padded with wet filter paper, covering the dish cover, placing the treated cycas revoluta leaves at normal temperature (25 ℃, 75% humidity), opening the culture dish after 72h to investigate the death condition of test insects, calculating the death rate, correcting the death rate, a toxicity equation, a correlation coefficient and LC₅₀And virulence factors.

The detection method comprises opening the mesochite with insect needle under dissecting mirror, shrinking and shrinking, and dying the body.

TABLE 1 synergistic effect of thiamethoxam in combination with jiefeli, guoguanle nursery on female adults of scale busway

As can be seen from Table 1, Jiefuli, the mixture of Guoguanle garden and thiamethoxam under the tested concentration has obvious synergistic effect on the female imagoes of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and the synergistic coefficients are 1.4615 and 1.3501 respectively.

Experiment on the field efficacy of triathiacloprid and Jiexioli, Guoguang orchids on cycas revoluta kurz

The test was carried out by spraying. Selecting 4 cycads of cycads with serious cycads, marking 1 pinnate leaf in 4 directions of east, south, west and north of each cycads, preparing 2000 times of liquid medicine mother liquor of thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, directly spraying the mother liquor in the treatment 1, adding 0.5 gram Jie-Lily in the treatment 2 liter of the mother liquor, adding 4 gram Guoguang orchids in the treatment 3 liter of the mother liquor, and comparing the treatment 4 with clear water. Adding the medicinal liquid into a knapsack electric sprayer, uniformly spraying the medicinal liquid on the front and back surfaces, trunk and base of cycas revoluta leaf until the leaf is fully sprayed with fog drops, completely wetting the stem, and continuously applying the medicinal liquid for 2 times, wherein the application time is 4-5 pm. The number of live insects on the leaves was investigated before treatment, 7 days, 15 days and 30 days after the 1 st application.

The investigation method comprises the following steps: randomly collecting 5 small lobe leaves in each direction on the marked pinnate leaf of each treated plant, inspecting and recording the number of live insects (imagoes and nymphs) in a binocular stereomicroscope, and calculating the reduction rate of insect population and the control effect.

Oral cavity decline rate (%) [ (number of insects before treatment-number of insects after treatment)/number of insects before treatment ] × 100

Control effect (%) [ (treatment area population reduction rate-control area population reduction rate)/(1-control area population reduction rate) ] × 100

TABLE 2 prevention and cure effect of thiamethoxam, Jiexioli and Guoguanle garden on Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Note: the population is the average number of population on 5 leaflets in 4 orientations, and the unit is: head/5 lobe.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the disclosure of the embodiment and the drawings, and therefore, all equivalents and modifications that can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green prevention and treatment method for a cycadopsis ferruginea kummer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

releasing the pseudostellaria maximowicziana on cycas revoluta plants with primary infringement status, wherein the releasing time of the pseudostellaria maximowicziana is from the full incubation period of cycas revolutionalis eggs to the 2-year nymph peak period, and the ratio of the number of the released pseudoptera maximowicziana to the number of the cycas revoluta maximowicziana is 1: (100-150);

cutting and destroying branches and leaves with insects on cycas revoluta plants with severe invasion of invasion conditions, and then spraying an insecticide, wherein the insecticide is thiamethoxam dissolved in a pesticide synergistic auxiliary agent, and the pesticide synergistic auxiliary agent is Jiefuli or Guoguanle nursery.

2. The method for green prevention and treatment of the cycadopsis ferrugineus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for determining the invasion status of the cycadis ferrugineus plants comprises:

3. The method for green control of the scutellariae iron bainieri according to claim 1, wherein the method for cutting and destroying the branches and leaves of the belt worm is as follows:

4. The method for green prevention and control of the cycado ferrugineus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for spraying the insecticide comprises:

spraying the front and back sides of the leaves and the stems until the front and back sides of the leaves are fully covered with fog drops, the gaps between the tops of the stems and the upper petioles of the stems are fully covered with liquid medicine, and the lower parts of the stems are fully wetted until the liquid medicine flows downwards; and finally, spraying 1000mL of the pesticide liquid along the base of the stem of the plant until the base of the stem is completely wet, and spraying the plant with serious damage to the ground for 30-60 cm.

5. The method for green control of the scale of the irony white pelagia as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the second spraying of the insecticide is performed on the seventh day after the first spraying of the insecticide, and the third spraying of the insecticide is performed on the fifteenth day after the first spraying of the insecticide.

6. The method for green control of the scale of the irony white pelagia as claimed in claim 5, wherein: after the insecticide is sprayed for the third time and new leaves grow out in the spring of the next year, the situation of the cycadopsis ferruginea on the plants is checked, and if a small amount of cycadopsis ferruginea occurs, the cycadopsis ferruginea is released for prevention and control.

7. The method for green control of the scale of the irony white pelagia as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of thiamethoxam to Jeffery in the pesticide is 1: 2000; or the volume ratio of the thiamethoxam to the national orchids is 1: 250.