CN112205108A - Agricultural operation vehicle with quick switching device and switching method of machine - Google Patents
Agricultural operation vehicle with quick switching device and switching method of machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112205108A CN112205108A CN202011192807.1A CN202011192807A CN112205108A CN 112205108 A CN112205108 A CN 112205108A CN 202011192807 A CN202011192807 A CN 202011192807A CN 112205108 A CN112205108 A CN 112205108A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/002—Devices for adjusting or regulating the position of tools or wheels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B59/00—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements
- A01B59/06—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines mounted on tractors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/02—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors
- A01B63/10—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors operated by hydraulic or pneumatic means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/02—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors
- A01B63/12—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors operated by an electric motor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B71/00—Construction or arrangement of setting or adjusting mechanisms, of implement or tool drive or of power take-off; Means for protecting parts against dust, or the like; Adapting machine elements to or for agricultural purposes
- A01B71/02—Setting or adjusting mechanisms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agricultural Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick switching device and a machine switching method, wherein a transmission box is positioned on a vehicle body, and the quick switching device of the machine is positioned at the front end of the vehicle body; the machine tool quick switching device comprises a pair of frames, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a moving hydraulic cylinder and a machine tool gripper; the pair of frames comprises two parallel and connected machine frames, the first end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is a hinged end, and the second end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a connecting hole at the bottom of any one machine frame; the rear ends of the two machine frames are provided with hinge holes, the tops of the front ends of the two machine frames are provided with lifting grooves, and positioning grooves are arranged below the lifting grooves; the movable hydraulic cylinder is connected with the side surface of any one machine frame, the machine gripper is arranged at the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder, the machine gripper is provided with a gripper head, and the machine gripper and the movable hydraulic cylinder are parallel and are both vertical to the end surface of the machine frame; one side of any machine frame is provided with a transmission device, the input end of the transmission device is connected with the output end of the transmission box, and the output end of the transmission device is provided with a rotary connecting piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural and forestry instruments, and relates to an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick tool switching device and a tool switching method.
Background
A large amount of labor is needed in the processes of rotary tillage, mowing, ditching, fertilizing, pesticide spraying, trimming and the like in the field management of the orchard, most of traditional orchards mainly adopt manual labor due to the limited planting mode, the requirements on mechanical automation and labor saving are stronger and stronger along with the improvement of the living standard of people and the gradual aging of the age of farmers, and the crops need low gravity center and good trafficability due to the planting agronomic requirements, and different machines can be replaced to realize different operations, such as grass smashing, mowing, mechanical flower and fruit combing of fruit trees, fertilizer covering, pesticide spraying and the like in the orchard.
The machine tool is urgently needed to be changed and connected conveniently and quickly in orchard management, operation in mountainous and hilly lands and operation in greenhouses.
Although different machines and tools can be replaced by the three-point suspension mechanism of the wheel tractor in the current market, the three-point suspension mechanism has large structural size, high gravity center of the wheel tractor and large size, so that the three-point suspension mechanism cannot enter in many occasions, and the condition of turning over due to overhigh gravity center can be caused when the three-point suspension mechanism works in mountainous and hilly lands, so that the direction of output power is single, and the direction can not be changed during the work. A track type agricultural vehicle has been disclosed, application No.: CN201811224353.4, can realize the change of different machines and tools, but this technique needs the manpower to put into the link when installing the machines and tools, again the manual work installs power transmission shaft and fixes, need the operator to prize the machines locking hook manually when dismantling the machines and tools, the manpower dismantles power transmission shaft and needs the manpower to lift down the machines and tools, still when spending hard when changing the machines and tools, can't realize pure mechanical change dress operation. In addition, hydrostatic drive agricultural vehicles are available in domestic and foreign markets at present, forward and backward conversion of the vehicles can be conveniently realized, the operation machinery is driven by a hydraulic motor, and the power output direction can be changed according to needs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick switching device and a machine switching method, which can be used for quickly switching machines without manpower only through mechanical movement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick switching device of a machine tool comprises a vehicle body, a transmission case and a quick switching device of the machine tool;
the transmission case is positioned on the vehicle body, and the machine tool quick switching device is positioned at the front end of the vehicle body;
the machine tool quick switching device comprises a pair of frames, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a moving hydraulic cylinder and a machine tool gripper;
the pair of frames comprises two parallel and connected machine frames, the first end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is a hinged end, and the second end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a connecting hole at the bottom of any one machine frame; the rear ends of the two machine frames are provided with hinge holes, the tops of the front ends of the two machine frames are provided with lifting grooves, and positioning grooves are arranged below the lifting grooves;
the movable hydraulic cylinder is connected with the side surface of any one machine frame, the machine gripper is arranged at the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder, the machine gripper is provided with a gripper head, and the machine gripper and the movable hydraulic cylinder are parallel and are both vertical to the end surface of the machine frame;
one side of any machine frame is provided with a transmission device, the input end of the transmission device is connected with the output end of the transmission box, and the output end of the transmission device is provided with a rotary connecting piece.
Preferably, the transmission device comprises a power input wheel, a transmission chain, a coupling shaft and a driven wheel, the power input wheel is connected with the driven wheel through the transmission chain, the driven wheel is nested on the coupling shaft, and the coupling shaft is coaxially connected with the rotary connecting piece.
Furthermore, the rotary connecting piece comprises a driving coupling, a driven coupling and a connecting chain, the driving coupling is fixed on the connecting shaft, the driven coupling is connected with the driving coupling through the connecting chain, and the end part of the driven coupling corresponds to the positioning groove.
Furthermore, a sliding plate parallel to the machine gripper is arranged on one of the machine frames, the sliding plate is located between the machine gripper and the movable hydraulic cylinder, a waist-shaped hole parallel to the output direction of the movable hydraulic cylinder is formed in the sliding plate, and the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder penetrates through the waist-shaped hole through a machine moving main shaft to be connected with the machine gripper.
Preferably, the transmission case comprises a case body, an input shaft, a reverse rotation shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output shaft;
the input shaft, the reverse rotating shaft, the intermediate shaft and the output shaft are arranged in the box body in parallel, and both ends of the input shaft, the reverse rotating shaft, the intermediate shaft and the output shaft are connected with the box body through bearings; a forward rotation electric base and a reverse rotation electric base are fixed in the middle of the input shaft in a nested mode, the forward rotation electric base and the reverse rotation electric base are arranged at intervals, and electromagnetic coils and electromagnets are arranged inside the forward rotation electric base and the reverse rotation electric base;
the side, away from the reverse rotation electric seat, of the forward rotation electric seat is provided with a plurality of forward rotation conducting tooth sheets and forward rotation friction sheets at intervals, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheets and the forward rotation friction sheets are arranged in a crossed mode, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheets and the forward rotation friction sheets are connected with the input shaft in a sliding mode, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheets farthest away from the forward rotation electric seat are connected with a forward rotation linkage gear through a connecting piece, and the forward rotation linkage gear is connected with the input shaft through a bearing;
a plurality of reverse rotation conducting tooth plates and reverse rotation friction plates are arranged at one side of the reverse rotation electric seat far away from the forward rotation electric seat in a clearance mode, the reverse rotation conducting tooth plates and the reverse rotation friction plates are arranged in a crossed mode, the reverse rotation conducting tooth plates and the reverse rotation friction plates are connected with the input shaft in a sliding mode, the reverse rotation conducting tooth plates far away from the reverse rotation electric seat are connected with a reverse rotation linkage gear through connecting pieces, and the reverse rotation linkage gear is connected with the input shaft through a bearing;
the reversing shaft is provided with a reversing gear, and the reversing gear is connected with a reversing linkage gear; the two ends of the middle shaft, which are positioned in the box body, are respectively provided with a forward rotation gear and a reverse rotation transmission gear, the forward rotation gear is meshed with the forward rotation linkage gear, the reverse rotation transmission gear is meshed with the reverse rotation gear, the middle shaft is provided with a middle gear, the output shaft is provided with an output gear, and the middle gear is meshed with the output gear; the output shaft is connected with the input end of the transmission device.
Further, one end of the input shaft is provided with a direct current power generation device, the direct current power generation device comprises a stator, a rotor and a rectifier, the stator is fixed on the box body, the rotor is connected with the input shaft, and the rectifier is connected with the stator.
Furthermore, the two ends of the output shaft are respectively nested with a left positioning seat and a right positioning seat through bearings, the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat are fixed on the box body, and the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat are respectively hinged with the two hinge holes of the machine frame.
Further, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheet farthest away from the forward rotation electric seat is connected with a forward rotation linkage gear through a forward rotation transmission fork; the reverse rotation transmission tooth sheet farthest from the reverse rotation electric seat is connected with a reverse rotation linkage gear through a reverse rotation transmission fork.
Furthermore, the middle of the input shaft is provided with an external spline, the forward rotation electric seat and the reverse rotation electric seat are provided with internal splines, and the forward rotation electric seat and the reverse rotation electric seat are connected with the input shaft through the matching of the internal splines and the external splines.
The quick switching method of the agricultural working vehicle is characterized in that a movable hydraulic cylinder extends to the farthest position to enable an implement gripper to be located at the farthest position, and a gripping plate on the implement is located right below a gripper head on the implement gripper; the lifting hydraulic cylinder contracts to enable the lifting groove of the machine tool frame to be located right below the grabbing rod on the machine tool, the lifting hydraulic cylinder extends to enable the lifting groove of the machine tool frame to grab the grabbing rod on the machine tool, the lifting hydraulic cylinder continues to extend until the power positioning rod on the machine tool is attached to the positioning groove on the machine tool frame, the grabbing plate on the machine tool is located in the claw head on the machine tool grabbing claw at the moment, and the moving hydraulic cylinder contracts to enable the machine tool grabbing claw to drive the machine tool to move towards the transmission device until the power input shaft of the machine tool is connected with the;
when the machine tool is disassembled, the operations are reversed according to the sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the frame is lifted through the lifting hydraulic cylinders, so that the machine tool is lifted and fixed by the lifting groove of the frame, the machine tool is positioned and fixed by the positioning groove, the machine tool gripper is driven to move by the movable hydraulic cylinders, and the input shaft of the machine tool is connected with the transmission device, so that the machine tool is quickly switched without manpower and only through mechanical movement and the extension and retraction of the two hydraulic cylinders.
Furthermore, the driving coupling, the driven coupling and the connecting chain are combined into a coupling, so that the problem of non-concentricity in machining or assembling of machines and machine frames is solved.
Furthermore, the waist-shaped hole in the sliding plate can limit the movement of the gripper of the machine tool.
Further, through setting up two electric seats on the input shaft, will correspond conduction tooth piece and friction disc through the circular telegram and adsorb to in transmitting input shaft power to the conduction tooth piece, and then in transmitting to the output shaft, the reversal part sets up a reversal axle more, consequently through supplying power respectively for two electric seats, thereby exports the power of equidirectional not, satisfies actual user demand.
Further, a direct current power generation device is arranged, so that the kinetic energy of the input shaft is converted into electric energy, and power can be supplied to other parts of the vehicle body.
Furthermore, left side positioning seat and right positioning seat can carry out spacingly to the output shaft, can supply the gyration of connecting device and operation machines and tools to support simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of an agricultural vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of an agricultural vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 3-a schematic forward rotation of the power transmission of the transmission case of the present invention;
FIG. 4-Transmission case Power Transmission reverse schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the quick change-over device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the power transmission structure of the implement quick change device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the moving structure of the quick change-over device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a grabbing structure of the quick change-over device of the present invention;
FIG. 9-a schematic view of the implement frame configuration of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a vehicle body; 2-a power box; 21-an input shaft; 22-a linkage gear; 23-a bearing; 24-forward rotation electromagnetic separator; 241-forward rotation transmission fork; 242-forward rotation motor base; 243-forward rotation conducting tooth sheet; 244-normal rotation friction plates; 25-a reverse electromagnetic separator; 251-a reverse drive fork; 252-a reverse motor mount; 253-reverse rotation conductive tines; 254-reverse rotation friction plate; 26-a counter-rotating linked gear; 27-a stator; 28-a rotor; 29-a forward rotation gear; 210-a box body; 211-middle shaft; 212-intermediate gear; 213-output gear; 214-an output shaft; 215-left positioning seat; 216-right positioning seat; 217-counter gear; 218-counter rotating shaft; 219 — reverse drive gear; 3-quick switching device of the machine tool; 31-a machine frame; 32-a lifting hydraulic cylinder; 33-lower fulcrum of lifting cylinder; 34-a gland; 35-moving hydraulic cylinder; 36-implement grippers; 37-a shield; 38-power input wheel; 39-a drive chain; 310-a coupling shaft; 311-driven wheel; 312-coupling bearings; 313-active coupling; 314-driven coupling; 315-implement moving spindle; 316-sliding shaft; 317-a machine gripper guard plate; 318-link chain; 319-sliding sleeves; 4-a power plant; 41-an engine; 42 a primary pulley; 43-a drive belt; 44-driving the driven wheel; 5-a control system; 6-protective frame.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the agricultural vehicle includes a vehicle body 1, a power box 2, a quick implement changing device 33, a power device 44, a control system 5 and a protection frame 6. The vehicle body 1 is driven by direct current electric power and comprises a frame, traveling wheels, a traveling crawler, a control system 5, a driving motor, a traveling driving gearbox, a battery pack and the like, and under the driving of the battery, the vehicle body 1 can be remotely controlled or operated by a manual button. The power device 4 comprises an engine 41, a main belt pulley 42, a transmission belt 43 and a transmission driven pulley 44, wherein the engine 41 is arranged on the frame of the vehicle body 1, the main belt pulley 42 is arranged on an output shaft 214 of the engine 41, the transmission driven pulley 44 is arranged on the input shaft 21 of the power box 2, and the transmission belt 43 connects the driving belt pulley and the transmission driven pulley 44 in a vehicle. The engine 41 is mounted on a frame of the vehicle body 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the direction-changing transmission case includes a case 210, a forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24, a reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25, a dc power generation device, an input shaft 21, a linkage gear 22, a bearing 23, a reverse rotation linkage gear 26, a forward rotation gear 29, a counter shaft 211, a counter gear 212, an output gear 213, an output shaft 214, a left positioning seat 215, a right positioning seat 216, a reverse rotation gear 217, a reverse rotation shaft 218, and a reverse rotation transmission gear 219. The forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 is composed of a forward rotation transmission fork 241, a forward rotation electric seat 242, a forward rotation conductive tooth sheet 243 and a forward rotation friction sheet 244, etc., the forward rotation electric seat 242 contains an electromagnetic coil and an electromagnet, inner holes of the forward rotation electric seat 242 and the forward rotation friction sheet 244 are inner spline holes, tooth sheets distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the forward rotation conductive tooth sheet 243 correspond to the forward rotation transmission fork 241, and the forward rotation conductive tooth sheet 243 and the forward rotation friction sheet 244 are installed in a crossed mode and always act synchronously. The reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25 is composed of a reverse rotation transmission fork 251, a reverse rotation electric seat 252, a reverse rotation conducting toothed sheet 253, a reverse rotation friction sheet 254 and the like, wherein the reverse rotation electric seat 252 contains an electromagnetic coil and an electromagnet, inner holes of the reverse rotation electric seat 252 and the reverse rotation friction sheet 254 are inner spline holes, toothed sheets distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the reverse rotation conducting toothed sheet 253 correspond to the reverse rotation transmission fork 251, and the reverse rotation conducting toothed sheet 253 and the reverse rotation friction sheet 254 are installed in a crossed mode and always act synchronously.
The input shaft 21 is fixed in the corresponding hole of the box body 210 through the bearing 23 and the bearing 23 gland 34, the forward rotation electric base 242 is installed on the input shaft 21 through an internal splined hole at one end, and the reverse rotation electric base 252 is installed at the other end of the input shaft 21 through an internal splined hole at one end. The forward rotation motor base 242 and the reverse rotation motor base 252 are fastened to the input shaft 21 and rotate together with the input shaft 21.
An inner hole of the linkage gear 22 is installed on the input shaft 21 through a bearing 23, the linkage gear 22 can rotate around the input shaft 21, and the linkage gear 22 is fixedly connected with the forward rotation transmission fork 241. The intermediate shaft 211 is mounted on the case 210 through the bearing 23, the forward rotation gear 29 is spline-coupled with the intermediate shaft 211 through an internal spline, the intermediate gear 212 is spline-coupled with the middle part of the intermediate shaft 211 through an internal spline, and the reverse rotation drive gear 219 is spline-coupled with the other end of the intermediate shaft 211 through an internal spline. The output shaft 214 is mounted on the housing 210 through the bearing 23, and the output gear 213 is spline-coupled to the output shaft 214 through an internal spline.
The normal rotation gear 29 meshes with the interlocking gear 22, and the intermediate gear 212 meshes with the output gear 213.
As shown in fig. 3, when the coil in the forward rotation motor holder 242 is energized, the electromagnet in the forward rotation motor holder 242 pushes the forward rotation friction plate 244 to press the forward rotation conductive tooth plate 243, and the forward rotation conductive tooth plate 243 drives the forward rotation transmission fork 241 to rotate the interlocking gear 22 fastened thereto, so that the interlocking gear 22, the forward rotation gear 29, the intermediate shaft 211, the intermediate gear 212, and the output gear 213 output forward power through the output shaft 214.
As shown in fig. 4, the counter interlocking gear 26 is mounted on the input shaft 21 through a bearing 23, while the counter interlocking gear 26 is fixedly coupled to the counter power transmission fork 251, the counter shaft 218 is mounted on the case 210 through a bearing 23, and the counter gear 217 is splined to the counter shaft 218 through an internal spline. The counter interlocking gear 26 meshes with the counter gear 217, and the counter gear 217 meshes with the counter transmission gear 219.
When the coil in the reverse rotation electric holder 252 is energized, the electromagnet in the reverse rotation electric holder 252 pushes the reverse rotation friction plate 254 to press the reverse rotation conductive teeth 253, and the reverse rotation conductive teeth 253 drives the reverse rotation transmission fork 251 to rotate the reverse rotation interlocking gear 26 fastened thereto, and reverse power is output through the output shaft 214 according to the reverse rotation interlocking gear 26, the reverse rotation gear 217, the reverse rotation shaft 218, the reverse rotation transmission gear 219, the intermediate shaft 211, the intermediate gear 212, and the output gear 213.
The direct current power generation device comprises a stator 27, a rotor 28, a rectifier and the like, wherein the stator 27 is fixed on the box body 210 through a connecting plate, the rotor 28 is installed at the power output end of the input shaft 21 through a central hole of the rotor, the rectifier is connected with a connecting ring of the stator 27, the rectifier is responsible for rectifying the generated alternating current into direct current, and the rectifier is installed on the vehicle body 1. The direct current output by the rectifier is connected into a battery group of the vehicle body 1 to charge the battery group.
As shown in fig. 3, the left positioning seat 215 and the right positioning seat 216 are respectively installed at the left and right sides of the box 210 and are concentric with the output shaft 214, and the left positioning seat 215 and the right positioning seat 216 are respectively nested at both ends of the output shaft 214 through bearings 23.
The forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 and the reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25 are mutually exclusive and cannot supply power simultaneously when working. When the forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 and the reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25 are not electrified, the machine has no input power; when the forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 is electrified, the machine tool inputs forward power; when the reverse electromagnetic separator 25 is energized, the implement inputs reverse power.
Forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24, reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25: the reverse speed ratio is 1: 2.617.
as shown in fig. 5, the implement quick-change device 3 includes an implement frame 31, a lift cylinder 32, a lift cylinder lower fulcrum 33, a gland 34, a traveling cylinder 35, an implement gripper 36, a shroud 37, a power input wheel 38, a transmission chain 39, a coupling shaft 310, a driven wheel 311, a bearing 23, a driving coupling 313, a driven coupling 314, an implement traveling main shaft 315, a sliding shaft 316, an implement gripper guard 317, a coupling chain 318, and a sliding sleeve 319. The hinge holes C1, C2 of the implement quick-change device 3 are respectively hinged with the left positioning seat 215 and the right positioning seat 216 through the gland 34, so that the implement quick-change device 3 can be hinged and rotated around the corresponding part on the vehicle body 1. The large cavity of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is hinged with one end of a lifting cylinder lower fulcrum 33, the other end of the lifting cylinder lower fulcrum 33 is fixed on the vehicle body 1, so that the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 can rotate around the lifting cylinder lower fulcrum 33, the rod end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is hinged with the tool frame 31 through a pin shaft, and when the lifting hydraulic cylinder extends, the lifting operation of a tool can be realized.
As shown in fig. 6, the shield 37, the power input wheel 38, the transmission chain 39, the coupling shaft 310, the driven wheel 311, the bearing 23, the driving coupling 313, the driven coupling 314, the coupling chain 318, etc. form a power transmission device, the power input wheel 38 is connected with the output shaft 214 on the transmission case, receives power from the vehicle body 1 and transmits the power to the driven wheel 311 through the transmission chain 39, the driven wheel 311 is fixedly coupled with the coupling shaft 310, the coupling shaft 310 is fixed on the tool frame 31 through the coupling bearing 312, the driving coupling 313 is fixed at the other end of the coupling shaft 310 through a bolt, and the coupling chain 318 couples the driven coupling 314 with the driving coupling 313, thereby transmitting the power of the vehicle body 1 to the tool. The shield 37 is connected to the driving coupling 313 and the driven coupling 314, respectively, and plays a role of dust prevention and safety protection.
As shown in fig. 7, the implement gripper 36 is provided with a gripper head, the gripper head of the implement gripper 36 is a Y-shaped groove at the bottom thereof, and the bottom of the groove is rectangular.
As shown in fig. 8, the mobile hydraulic cylinder 35, the implement gripper 36, the implement mobile spindle 315, the sliding shaft 316, the implement gripper guard 317, and the sliding sleeve 319 are combined with the implement frame 31 to form an implement mobile locking device, the implement gripper 36, the sliding plate, and the mobile hydraulic cylinder 35 are parallel and perpendicular to the end surface of the implement frame 31, the end of the cylinder of the mobile hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected with the implement frame 31 by a pin, the rod end of the mobile hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected with one end of the implement mobile spindle 315, the other end of the implement mobile spindle 315 passes through a hole of the implement gripper guard 317, the sliding sleeve 319 is sleeved in the middle and passes through a hole of the other implement gripper guard 317, the outer end of the implement mobile spindle 315 is connected with the implement gripper 36, the sliding sleeve 319 is installed on the sliding shaft 316 and both end surfaces are respectively connected with the implement gripper guard 317, the sliding shaft 316 is respectively concentric and hinged with the other hole of the two, the two implement gripper guards 317 engage the slide plate on the implement frame 31. When the movable hydraulic cylinder 35 extends, the implement moving main shaft 315 drives the implement gripper 36, the implement gripper guard 317, the sliding shaft 316 and the sliding sleeve 319 to move left and right in the H hole of the implement frame 31, so as to realize the functions of implement power transmission, implement locking and unlocking.
The shaft coupling formed by combining the driving coupling 313, the driven coupling 314 and the connecting chain 318 mainly has the effects of eliminating the problem of processing or assembling non-concentricity of the machine tool and the machine tool frame 31, and simultaneously, in order to facilitate the connection of the machine tool input shaft 21 and the driven coupling 314, the driven coupling 314 is internally provided with a spline hole, and the spline head part of the outer end surface is rounded.
As shown in fig. 9, the sliding plate of the implement frame 31 has two slots H1, H2, H, H2, which are located in a horizontal plane, and the two sliding sleeves 319 slide in the slots H1, H2, respectively, to ensure that the implement gripper 36 moves linearly and horizontally.
The hinge holes C1 and C2 on the tool frame 31 are concentric to ensure that the tool quick-change device 3 can freely ascend and descend, and as shown in fig. 5, the lifting grooves a1 and a2 on the tool frame 31 are concentric, and the positioning grooves B1, B2, B3 and B0 on the tool frame 31 are concentric with the driven coupling 314.
As shown in FIG. 9, to facilitate implement attachment, the upper portion of the lift slot A, A on the implement frame 31 is perforated with a large hole and passes through a waist-shaped hole to a semicircular hole, with the left and right circular holes being concentric.
As shown in fig. 9, in order to facilitate the smooth entry of the positioning mechanism at the lower part of the implement, the openings of the positioning grooves B1 and B2 on the implement frame 31 are in the shape of an arc with a large opening gradually reaching the positioning arc, and the arc surface of the positioning groove B3 is in a large semicircular structure, and the opening part of the arc surface is convenient for the entry and exit of the implement input shaft 21, and is convenient for the power alignment of the implement and the implement locking.
As shown in fig. 10, a schematic diagram of a box structure of a work tool, the work tool can be powered by, for example: rotary cultivator, ditcher, ditching fertilizer applicator, mower, grass chopper, etc.; or without power, such as: tillers, plows, land levelers, dozers, and the like. In order to be smoothly butted with the quick switching device of the machine tool, a grabbing rod is required to be arranged on the operation machine tool so as to be conveniently grabbed by a lifting groove on the quick switching device of the machine tool; the grabbing plate and the power positioning rod are arranged, so that the machine tool can move left and right conveniently to complete the installation, fixation and disassembly of the machine tool; a guide conical surface and a locking round surface are arranged to facilitate locking of the working machine; the power input shaft end of the power-driven working machine is also provided with a guide conical surface structure, so that the power input shaft of the working machine can be conveniently butted with a power transmission device.
When the machine tool quick switching device 3 is used for switching machine tools, the following method is adopted: extending the hydraulic cylinder 35 to the farthest position to enable the implement gripper 36 to be located at the farthest position in design, and enabling the implement upper gripper plate to be approximately aligned with the gripper head on the implement gripper 36 in cooperation with the walking of the vehicle body 1, wherein the implement upper gripper plate is located right below the gripper head on the implement gripper 36; retracting the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 to the machine frame 31 to reach the grabbing rod on the machine, positioning the lifting groove of the machine frame 31 right below the grabbing rod on the machine, extending the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 to make the machine frame 31 grab the grabbing rod on the machine and continuously raise the grabbing rod to the bottom of the lifting groove A1 and A2 of the machine frame 31, continuously extending the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 until the power positioning rod on the machine is attached to the bottom of the positioning groove B1 on the machine frame 31, at the moment, the grabbing plate on the machine is positioned in the claw head of the machine grabbing claw 36, retracting the moving hydraulic cylinder 35 to make the machine grabbing claw 36 drive the machine to move along the centers of the positioning grooves B1-B0, when the guide conical surface on the machine enters the positioning groove B3, the center line of the machine input shaft 21 is forcibly overlapped with the center lines of the positioning grooves B1-B0, when the machine power input shaft 21 moves, the machine power input shaft enters the driven coupling 314, and continuously shortening the moving hydraulic cylinder 35 to make the locking round positioning groove B3 on And internal locking of the machine tool is realized. To facilitate engagement of the implement input shaft 21 with the driven coupling 314, the implement power input shaft 21 end should be provided with a pilot cone and the input shaft 21 end splines should also be rounded. The quick tool changing device 3 operates reversely according to the sequence when the tool is dismounted.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An agricultural operation vehicle with a quick switching device of a machine tool is characterized by comprising a vehicle body (1), a transmission case and a quick switching device of the machine tool (3);
the transmission case is positioned on the vehicle body (1), and the machine tool quick switching device (3) is positioned at the front end of the vehicle body (1);
the machine tool quick switching device (3) comprises a pair of frames, a lifting hydraulic cylinder (32), a moving hydraulic cylinder (35) and a machine tool gripper (36);
the pair of frames comprises two parallel and connected machine frames (31), the first end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (32) is a hinged end, and the second end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a connecting hole at the bottom of any one machine frame (31); the rear ends of the two machine frames (31) are provided with hinge holes, the tops of the front ends are provided with lifting grooves, and positioning grooves are arranged below the lifting grooves;
the movable hydraulic cylinder (35) is connected with the side face of any one machine frame (31), the machine gripper (36) is arranged at the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder (35), the machine gripper (36) is provided with a gripper head, and the machine gripper (36) and the movable hydraulic cylinder (35) are parallel and are both vertical to the end face of the machine frame (31);
one side of any one machine frame (31) is provided with a transmission device, the input end of the transmission device is connected with the output end of the transmission box, and the output end of the transmission device is provided with a rotary connecting piece.
2. An agricultural vehicle with an implement quick-change device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission device comprises a power input wheel (38), a transmission chain (39), a coupling shaft (310) and a driven wheel (311), the power input wheel (38) is coupled with the driven wheel (311) through the transmission chain (39), the driven wheel (311) is nested on the coupling shaft (310), and the coupling shaft (310) is coaxially connected with the rotary connecting piece.
3. An agricultural implement quick-change attachment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rotary connection comprises a driving coupling (313), a driven coupling (314) and a coupling chain (318), the driving coupling (313) being fixed to the coupling shaft (310), the coupling chain (318) coupling the driven coupling (314) with the driving coupling (313), the end of the driven coupling (314) corresponding to the positioning groove.
4. The agricultural implement quick-change device of claim 2, wherein one of the implement frames (31) is provided with a sliding plate parallel to the implement gripper (36), the sliding plate is located between the implement gripper (36) and the traveling hydraulic cylinder (35), the sliding plate is provided with a kidney-shaped hole parallel to the output direction of the traveling hydraulic cylinder (35), and the output end of the traveling hydraulic cylinder (35) is connected to the implement gripper (36) through the kidney-shaped hole by an implement traveling main shaft (315).
5. An agricultural implement vehicle having a quick attachment change of implement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission case includes a case (210), an input shaft (21), a counter-rotating shaft (218), an intermediate shaft (211), and an output shaft (214);
the input shaft (21), the reversing shaft (218), the intermediate shaft (211) and the output shaft (214) are arranged in the box body (210) in parallel, and two ends of the input shaft, the reversing shaft (218), the intermediate shaft (211) and the output shaft (214) are connected with the box body (210) through bearings (23); a forward rotation electric seat (242) and a reverse rotation electric seat (252) are fixed in the middle of the input shaft (21) in an embedded mode, the forward rotation electric seat (242) and the reverse rotation electric seat (252) are arranged at intervals, and electromagnetic coils and electromagnets are arranged inside the forward rotation electric seat (242) and the reverse rotation electric seat (252);
a plurality of forward rotation conducting tooth sheets (243) and forward rotation friction sheets (244) are arranged on one side, away from the reverse rotation electric seat (252), of the forward rotation electric seat (242) at intervals, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheets (243) and the forward rotation friction sheets (244) are arranged in a crossed mode, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheets (243) and the forward rotation friction sheets (244) are connected with the input shaft (21) in a sliding mode, the forward rotation conducting tooth sheet (243) farthest away from the forward rotation electric seat (242) is connected with a forward rotation linkage gear (22) through a connecting piece, and the forward rotation linkage gear (22) is connected with the input shaft (21) through a bearing (23);
a plurality of reverse rotation conducting tooth plates (253) and reverse rotation friction plates (254) are arranged on one side, away from the forward rotation electric seat (242), of the reverse rotation electric seat (252) in a clearance mode, the reverse rotation conducting tooth plates (253) and the reverse rotation friction plates (254) are arranged in a crossed mode, the reverse rotation conducting tooth plates (253) and the reverse rotation friction plates (254) are connected with the input shaft (21) in a sliding mode, the reverse rotation conducting tooth plates (253) farthest away from the reverse rotation electric seat (252) are connected with a reverse rotation linkage gear (26) through connecting pieces, and the reverse rotation linkage gear (26) is connected with the input shaft (21) through a bearing (23);
a reversing gear (217) is arranged on the reversing shaft (218), and the reversing gear (217) is connected with the reversing linkage gear (26); a forward rotation gear (29) and a reverse rotation transmission gear (219) are respectively arranged at two ends of the intermediate shaft (211) positioned in the box body (210), the forward rotation gear (29) is meshed with the forward rotation linkage gear (22), the reverse rotation transmission gear (219) is meshed with the reverse rotation gear (217), an intermediate gear (212) is arranged on the intermediate shaft (211), an output gear (213) is arranged on the output shaft (214), and the intermediate gear (212) is meshed with the output gear (213); the output shaft (214) is connected to the transmission input.
6. The agricultural working vehicle with the implement quick-change device as claimed in claim 5, wherein one end of the input shaft (21) is provided with a direct current power generation device, the direct current power generation device comprises a stator (27), a rotor (28) and a rectifier, the stator (27) is fixed on the box body (210), the rotor (28) is connected with the input shaft (21), and the rectifier is connected with the stator (27).
7. The agricultural vehicle with the implement quick-change device according to claim 5, wherein the output shaft (214) is respectively nested with a left positioning seat (215) and a right positioning seat (216) at two ends through a bearing (23), the left positioning seat (215) and the right positioning seat (216) are fixed on the box body (210), and the left positioning seat (215) and the right positioning seat (216) are respectively hinged with two hinge holes of the implement frame (31).
8. An agricultural vehicle with a quick implement change-over device according to claim 5, wherein the forward rotation conductive tooth plate (243) farthest from the forward rotation electric seat (242) is connected with a forward rotation linkage gear (22) through a forward rotation transmission fork (241); the reverse rotation transmission tooth piece (253) farthest from the reverse rotation electric seat (252) is connected with a reverse rotation linkage gear (26) through a reverse rotation transmission fork (251).
9. An agricultural vehicle with a quick tool-changing device according to claim 5, wherein the input shaft (21) is provided with external splines in the middle, the forward rotating electric seat (242) and the reverse rotating electric seat (252) are provided with internal splines, and the forward rotating electric seat (242) and the reverse rotating electric seat (252) are connected with the input shaft (21) through the matching of the internal splines and the external splines.
10. A method of quickly changing over an implement of an agricultural work vehicle according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the traveling hydraulic cylinder (35) is extended to the farthest position to make the implement gripper (36) the farthest position, and the implement upper gripper plate is located right below the upper gripper head of the implement gripper (36); the lifting hydraulic cylinder (32) is contracted to enable the lifting groove of the machine tool frame (31) to be positioned under the grabbing rod on the machine tool, the lifting hydraulic cylinder (32) is extended to enable the lifting groove of the machine tool frame (31) to grab the grabbing rod on the machine tool, the lifting hydraulic cylinder (32) is continuously extended until the power positioning rod on the machine tool is attached to the positioning groove on the machine tool frame (31), the grabbing plate on the machine tool is positioned in the claw head on the machine tool grabbing claw (36), the moving hydraulic cylinder (35) is contracted to enable the machine tool grabbing claw (36) to drive the machine tool to move towards the transmission device until the power input shaft (21) of the machine tool is connected with the rotating connecting piece;
when the machine tool is disassembled, the operations are reversed according to the sequence.
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| CN202011192807.1A CN112205108B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Agricultural operation vehicle with quick tool changing device and tool changing method |
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| CN202011192807.1A CN112205108B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Agricultural operation vehicle with quick tool changing device and tool changing method |
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| CN112205108B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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