CN112205108B - Agricultural operation vehicle with quick tool changing device and tool changing method - Google Patents
Agricultural operation vehicle with quick tool changing device and tool changing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205108B CN112205108B CN202011192807.1A CN202011192807A CN112205108B CN 112205108 B CN112205108 B CN 112205108B CN 202011192807 A CN202011192807 A CN 202011192807A CN 112205108 B CN112205108 B CN 112205108B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004585 Dactylis glomerata Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/002—Devices for adjusting or regulating the position of tools or wheels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B59/00—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements
- A01B59/06—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines mounted on tractors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/02—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors
- A01B63/10—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors operated by hydraulic or pneumatic means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/02—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors
- A01B63/12—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors operated by an electric motor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B71/00—Construction or arrangement of setting or adjusting mechanisms, of implement or tool drive or of power take-off; Means for protecting parts against dust, or the like; Adapting machine elements to or for agricultural purposes
- A01B71/02—Setting or adjusting mechanisms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agricultural Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick tool changing device and a tool changing method, wherein a transmission box is positioned on a vehicle body, and the quick tool changing device is positioned at the front end of the vehicle body; the quick change device of the machine tool comprises a pair of frames, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a moving hydraulic cylinder and a machine tool gripper; the pair of frames comprise two parallel and connected machine frames, the first end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is a hinged end, and the second end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a connecting hole at the bottom of any machine frame; the rear ends of the two machine frames are provided with hinge holes, the tops of the front ends are provided with lifting grooves, and positioning grooves are arranged below the lifting grooves; the movable hydraulic cylinder is connected with the side surface of any machine frame, the machine gripper is arranged at the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder, the gripper head is arranged on the machine gripper, and the machine gripper and the movable hydraulic cylinder are parallel and perpendicular to the end surface of the machine frame; one side of any machine frame is provided with a transmission device, the input end of the transmission device is connected with the output end of the transmission box, and the output end of the transmission device is provided with a rotary connecting piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural and forestry instruments, and relates to an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick tool changing device and a tool changing method.
Background
In the field management process of the orchard, a great deal of labor force is needed for rotary field, mowing, ditching, fertilizing, pesticide spraying, pruning and the like, the traditional orchard is mainly based on manual labor due to the limit of the planting mode, along with the improvement of the living standard of people and the gradual aging of the age of farmers, the requirements on mechanical automation and labor saving are more and more strong, and the crops are required to have low gravity center and good trafficability due to the planting agronomic requirements, and can be replaced with different machines to realize different operations, such as operations of orchard grass breaking, mowing, fruit combing, fertilizer burying, pesticide spraying and the like.
The machine is convenient and quick to change in the operation of the hilly and hilly areas in the orchard and in the operation in the greenhouse.
The three-point suspension mechanism of the wheel tractor in the current market can be replaced by different machines, but the wheel tractor has large structure size, the gravity center of the wheel tractor is high, the wheel tractor is big, a plurality of occasions cannot enter the wheel tractor, the situation of turning over the vehicle due to the overhigh gravity center can occur when the wheel tractor works in mountain areas and hilly areas, the direction of output power of the wheel tractor is single, and the direction of the output power of the wheel tractor cannot be changed in the working process. A crawler-type agricultural vehicle has been disclosed, application number: CN201811224353.4, can realize the change of different machines and tools, but this technique needs the manpower to put into the link when installing the machines and tools, again the manual work installation power transmission shaft and fixed, need the operator manually pried out the machine locking hook when dismantling the machines, the manpower is dismantled the power transmission shaft and need the manpower to lift down the machines and tools, still laborious time consuming still when changing the machines, can't realize pure mechanical change dress operation. In addition, hydrostatic drive agricultural vehicles are in the markets at home and abroad at present, forward and backward conversion of the vehicles can be conveniently realized, the operation machinery is driven by a hydraulic motor, and the power output direction can be changed according to the needs, but the purchase and use cost of the machinery is high, and the machinery cannot be popularized and applied in large scale in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick tool changing device and a tool changing method, which can quickly change tools only through mechanical movement without manpower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an agricultural operation vehicle with a quick tool changing device comprises a vehicle body, a transmission case and the quick tool changing device;
the transmission box is positioned on the vehicle body, and the quick-change device of the machine tool is positioned at the front end of the vehicle body;
the quick change device of the machine tool comprises a pair of frames, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a moving hydraulic cylinder and a machine tool gripper;
the pair of frames comprise two parallel and connected machine frames, the first end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is a hinged end, and the second end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a connecting hole at the bottom of any machine frame; the rear ends of the two machine frames are provided with hinge holes, the tops of the front ends are provided with lifting grooves, and positioning grooves are arranged below the lifting grooves;
the movable hydraulic cylinder is connected with the side surface of any machine frame, the machine gripper is arranged at the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder, the gripper head is arranged on the machine gripper, and the machine gripper and the movable hydraulic cylinder are parallel and perpendicular to the end surface of the machine frame;
one side of any machine frame is provided with a transmission device, the input end of the transmission device is connected with the output end of the transmission box, and the output end of the transmission device is provided with a rotary connecting piece.
Preferably, the transmission device comprises a power input wheel, a transmission chain, a connecting shaft and a driven wheel, wherein the power input wheel is connected with the driven wheel through the transmission chain, the driven wheel is nested on the connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is coaxially connected with the rotary connecting piece.
Further, the rotary connecting piece comprises a driving coupling, a driven coupling and a connecting chain, wherein the driving coupling is fixed on the connecting shaft, the connecting chain connects the driven coupling with the driving coupling, and the end part of the driven coupling corresponds to the positioning groove.
Further, a sliding plate parallel to the tool grippers is arranged on one of the tool frames, the sliding plate is positioned between the tool grippers and the movable hydraulic cylinder, a kidney-shaped hole parallel to the output direction of the movable hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the sliding plate, and the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder passes through the kidney-shaped hole through the tool movable main shaft and is connected with the tool grippers.
Preferably, the transmission case comprises a case body, an input shaft, a counter shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output shaft;
the input shaft, the counter-rotating shaft, the intermediate shaft and the output shaft are arranged in the box body in parallel, and both ends of the input shaft, the counter-rotating shaft, the intermediate shaft and the output shaft are connected with the box body through bearings; the middle of the input shaft is nested and fixed with a forward rotation electric seat and a reverse rotation electric seat which are arranged at intervals, and electromagnetic coils and electromagnets are arranged in the forward rotation electric seat and the reverse rotation electric seat;
a plurality of forward transmission tooth plates and forward friction plates are arranged at intervals on one side of the forward electric seat far away from the reverse electric seat, the forward transmission tooth plates and the forward friction plates are arranged in a crossing way, the forward transmission tooth plates and the forward friction plates are in sliding connection with the input shaft, the forward transmission tooth plate farthest from the forward electric seat is connected with a forward linkage gear through a connecting piece, and the forward linkage gear is connected with the input shaft through a bearing;
a plurality of reverse conduction tooth plates and reverse friction plates are arranged at a gap at one side of the reverse electric seat far away from the forward electric seat, the reverse conduction tooth plates and the reverse friction plates are arranged in a crossing way, the reverse conduction tooth plates and the reverse friction plates are in sliding connection with the input shaft, the reverse conduction tooth plates furthest away from the reverse electric seat are connected with a reverse linkage gear through a connecting piece, and the reverse linkage gear is connected with the input shaft through a bearing;
the reversing shaft is provided with a reversing gear which is connected with the reversing linkage gear; the two ends of the intermediate shaft, which are positioned in the box body, are respectively provided with a forward rotation gear and a reverse rotation transmission gear, the forward rotation gear is meshed with the forward rotation linkage gear, the reverse rotation transmission gear is meshed with the reverse rotation gear, the intermediate shaft is provided with an intermediate gear, the output shaft is provided with an output gear, and the intermediate gear is meshed with the output gear; the output shaft is connected with the input end of the transmission device.
Further, one end of the input shaft is provided with a direct current power generation device, the direct current power generation device comprises a stator, a rotor and a rectifier, the stator is fixed on the box body, the rotor is connected with the input shaft, and the rectifier is connected with the stator.
Further, the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat are respectively nested at the two ends of the output shaft through bearings and fixed on the box body, and are respectively hinged with the two hinge holes of the machine frame.
Further, a forward rotation transmission gear piece farthest from the forward rotation electric seat is connected with a forward rotation linkage gear through a forward rotation transmission fork; the reversing transmission tooth piece farthest from the reversing electric seat is connected with a reversing linkage gear through a reversing transmission fork.
Further, an external spline is arranged in the middle of the input shaft, the forward rotating electric seat and the reverse rotating electric seat are provided with internal splines, and the forward rotating electric seat and the reverse rotating electric seat are connected with the input shaft through matching of the internal splines and the external splines.
The quick tool changing method based on the agricultural operation vehicle, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is moved to extend to the farthest position to enable the tool gripper to be located at the farthest position, so that the upper tool gripping plate is located under the upper tool gripper head; the lifting hydraulic cylinder contracts to enable the lifting groove of the machine tool frame to be located right below the grabbing rod of the machine tool, the lifting hydraulic cylinder stretches to enable the lifting groove of the machine tool frame to grab the grabbing rod of the machine tool, the lifting hydraulic cylinder continues to stretch until the power locating rod of the machine tool is attached to the locating groove of the machine tool frame, at the moment, the grabbing plate of the machine tool is located in the claw head of the grabbing claw of the machine tool, and the moving hydraulic cylinder contracts to enable the grabbing claw of the machine tool to drive the machine tool to move towards the transmission device until the power input shaft of the machine tool is connected with the rotating connecting piece;
the machine tool is disassembled in the reverse operation according to the sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the lifting hydraulic cylinder is used for lifting and fixing the machine frame, so that the machine frame lifting groove is used for lifting and fixing the machine tool, the positioning groove is used for positioning and fixing the machine tool, and the moving hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the machine tool gripper to move, so that the input shaft of the machine tool is connected with the transmission device, and the quick change of the machine tool is realized without manpower only through mechanical movement and the expansion and contraction of the two hydraulic cylinders.
Further, the driving coupling, the driven coupling and the connecting chain are combined into the coupling, so that the problem of non-concentricity in processing or assembling of the machine tool and the machine tool frame is solved.
Further, the kidney-shaped hole in the slide plate can limit movement of the implement gripper.
Further, through setting up two electronic seats on the input shaft, adsorb corresponding conduction tooth piece and friction disc through the circular telegram to in transmitting the input shaft power transmission to conduction tooth piece, and then in transmitting the output shaft, the reversal part sets up a reversal axle more, consequently through supplying power respectively for two electronic seats, thereby output not equidirectional power, satisfy actual user demand.
Further, a direct current power generation device is arranged so as to convert the kinetic energy of the input shaft into electric energy, and thus other parts of the vehicle body can be supplied with power.
Further, the left positioning seat and the right positioning seat can limit the output shaft, and meanwhile, the connecting device and the rotary support of the operation tool can be provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1-a first schematic view of an agricultural vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 2-a second schematic view of the agricultural vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 3-a schematic diagram of a positive drive of a transmission case of the present invention;
FIG. 4-a schematic diagram of a reverse gear box power transmission of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a quick change device of the present invention;
FIG. 6-a schematic diagram of a power transfer configuration of the implement quick change device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a moving structure of the quick change device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a quick change device of the present invention;
FIG. 9-a schematic structural view of an implement carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the implement configuration of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a vehicle body; 2-a power box; 21-an input shaft; 22-forward rotation linkage gear; 23-bearings; 24-a forward rotation electromagnetic separator; 241-forward drive fork; 242-forward rotating electric seat; 243-forward rotating conductive teeth; 244-positive rotation friction plate; 25-reversing an electromagnetic separator; 251-reversing drive fork; 252-reversing the motorized mount; 253-reversing the conductive teeth; 254-reversing friction plate; 26-reversing linkage gear; 27-a stator; 28-rotor; 29-a forward gear; 210-a box body; 211-an intermediate shaft; 212-an intermediate gear; 214-an output shaft; 215-left positioning seat; 216-right positioning seat; 217-reversing gear; 218-a counter-rotating shaft; 219-reversing drive gear; 3-quick-change device of the machine; 31-a tool rack; 32-lifting hydraulic cylinders; 33-a lifting cylinder lower fulcrum; 34-gland; 35-a mobile hydraulic cylinder; 36-implement grippers; 37-a shield; 38-a power input wheel; 39-drive chain; 310-coupling a shaft; 311-driven wheel; 312-coupling a bearing; 313-active coupling; 314-driven coupling; 315-implement movement spindle; 316-sliding shaft; 317-implement gripper guard plates; 318-coupling a chain; 319-sliding sleeve; 4-power means; 41-an engine; 42 primary pulley; 43-a drive belt; 44-driving driven wheel; 5-a control system; and 6, a protection frame.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the agricultural vehicle includes a vehicle body 1, a power box 2, a quick-change device 3 for equipment, a power device 4, a control system 5, and a fender bracket 6. The vehicle body 1 is driven by direct current electric power, and comprises a frame, travelling wheels, travelling tracks, a control system 5, a driving motor, a travelling driving gearbox, a battery pack and the like, wherein the vehicle body 1 can be operated by remote control or through manual buttons under the driving of the battery. The power device 4 comprises an engine 41, a main belt pulley 42, a transmission belt 43 and a transmission driven wheel 44, wherein the engine 41 is arranged on a frame of the vehicle body 1, the main belt pulley 42 is arranged on an output shaft of the engine 41, the transmission driven wheel 44 is arranged on an input shaft 21 of the power box 2, and the transmission belt 43 is used for connecting the driving belt pulley with the transmission driven wheel 44 in a vehicle mode. The engine 41 is mounted on a frame of the vehicle body 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the reversing transmission case includes a case 210, a forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24, a reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25, a direct current power generation device, an input shaft 21, a forward rotation interlocking gear 22, a bearing 23, a reverse rotation interlocking gear 26, a forward rotation gear 29, an intermediate shaft 211, an intermediate gear 212, an output gear, an output shaft 214, a left positioning seat 215, a right positioning seat 216, a reverse rotation gear 217, a reverse rotation shaft 218, and a reverse rotation transmission gear 219. The forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 is composed of a forward rotation transmission fork 241, a forward rotation electric seat 242, a forward rotation transmission toothed plate 243, a forward rotation friction plate 244, etc., wherein the electromagnetic coil and the electromagnet are contained in the forward rotation electric seat 242, the inner holes of the forward rotation electric seat 242 and the forward rotation friction plate 244 are inner spline holes, the toothed plates distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the forward rotation transmission toothed plate 243 correspond to the forward rotation transmission fork 241, and the forward rotation transmission toothed plate 243 and the forward rotation friction plate 244 are installed in a crossed manner and always act synchronously. The reversing electromagnetic separator 25 is composed of a reversing transmission fork 251, a reversing electric seat 252, reversing transmission tooth plates 253, reversing friction plates 254 and the like, wherein an electromagnetic coil and an electromagnet are arranged in the reversing electric seat 252, inner holes of the reversing electric seat 252 and the reversing friction plates 254 are inner spline holes, equally distributed tooth plates outside the reversing transmission tooth plates 253 correspond to the reversing transmission fork 251, and the reversing transmission tooth plates 253 and the reversing friction plates 254 are installed in a crossing manner and always act synchronously.
The input shaft 21 is fixed in the corresponding hole of the box 210 through the bearing 23 and the gland 34 of the bearing 23, the forward rotation electric seat 242 is installed on the input shaft 21 through an internal splined hole at one end, and the reverse rotation electric seat 252 is installed on the other end of the input shaft 21 through an internal splined hole at one end. The forward rotation motor mount 242 and the reverse rotation motor mount 252 are fixedly coupled to the input shaft 21 and rotate together with the input shaft 21.
The inner hole of the forward rotation linkage gear 22 is arranged on the input shaft 21 through a bearing 23, the forward rotation linkage gear 22 can rotate around the input shaft 21, and the forward rotation linkage gear 22 is fixedly connected with a forward rotation transmission fork 241. The intermediate shaft 211 is mounted on the box 210 through a bearing 23, the forward rotation gear 29 is in spline connection with the intermediate shaft 211 through an internal spline, the intermediate gear 212 is in spline connection with the intermediate shaft 211 through an internal spline, and the reverse rotation transmission gear 219 is in spline connection with the other end of the intermediate shaft 211 through an internal spline. The output shaft 214 is mounted on the box 210 through a bearing 23, and the output gear is in spline connection with the output shaft 214 through an internal spline.
The forward rotation gear 29 is meshed with the forward rotation interlocking gear 22, and the intermediate gear 212 is meshed with the output gear.
As shown in fig. 3, when the coil in the forward-rotation electric seat 242 is energized, the electromagnet in the forward-rotation electric seat 242 pushes the forward-rotation friction plate 244 to squeeze the forward-rotation conductive toothed plate 243, and the forward-rotation conductive toothed plate 243 drives the forward-rotation driving fork 241 to rotate the forward-rotation linkage gear 22 fastened thereto, so that the forward-rotation linkage gear 22, the forward-rotation gear 29, the intermediate shaft 211, the intermediate gear 212 and the output gear output forward power through the output shaft 214.
As shown in fig. 4, the reverse linkage gear 26 is mounted on the input shaft 21 through a bearing 23, while the reverse linkage gear 26 is fixedly coupled with the reverse transmission fork 251, the reverse shaft 218 is mounted on the case 210 through a bearing 23, and the reverse gear 217 is splined to the reverse shaft 218 through an internal spline. The reverse link gear 26 is meshed with the reverse gear 217, and the reverse gear 217 is meshed with the reverse transmission gear 219.
When the coil in the reversing electric seat 252 is energized, the electromagnet in the reversing electric seat 252 pushes the reversing friction plate 254 to squeeze the reversing conductive tooth 253, and the reversing conductive tooth 253 drives the reversing transmission fork 251 to rotate the reversing linkage gear 26 fastened with the reversing transmission fork 251, so that the reversing power is output through the output shaft 214 according to the reversing linkage gear 26, the reversing gear 217, the reversing shaft 218, the reversing transmission gear 219, the intermediate shaft 211, the intermediate gear 212 and the output gear.
The direct current power generation device consists of a stator 27, a rotor 28, a rectifier and the like, wherein the stator 27 is fixed on a box 210 through a connecting plate, the rotor 28 is arranged at the power output end of an input shaft 21 through a central hole of the rotor, the rectifier is connected with a connecting ring of the stator 27, the rectifier is responsible for rectifying the generated alternating current into direct current, and the rectifier is arranged on a vehicle body 1. The direct current output by the rectifier is connected into the battery pack of the vehicle body 1 to charge the battery pack.
As shown in fig. 3, a left positioning seat 215 and a right positioning seat 216 are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the box 210 and concentric with the output shaft 214, and the left positioning seat 215 and the right positioning seat 216 are respectively nested at two ends of the output shaft 214 through bearings 23.
The forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 and the reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25 are mutually exclusive when working and cannot supply power at the same time. When the forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 and the reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25 are not electrified, no power is input to the machine; when the forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24 is electrified, the implement inputs forward power; when the reversing electromagnetic separator 25 is energized, the implement inputs reverse power.
Forward rotation electromagnetic separator 24, reverse rotation electromagnetic separator 25: the reverse speed ratio is 1:2.617.
as shown in fig. 5, the quick change device 3 for an implement includes an implement frame 31, a lift cylinder 32, a lift cylinder lower support shaft 33, a gland 34, a moving cylinder 35, an implement gripper 36, a shroud 37, a power input wheel 38, a transmission chain 39, a coupling shaft 310, a driven wheel 311, a bearing 23, a driving coupling 313, a driven coupling 314, an implement moving main shaft 315, a sliding shaft 316, an implement gripper guard 317, a coupling chain 318, and a sliding sleeve 319. The hinge holes C1 and C2 of the quick-change device 3 are hinged with the left positioning seat 215 and the right positioning seat 216 through the pressing cover 34, so that the quick-change device 3 can hinge and rotate around the corresponding position on the vehicle body 1. The large cavity of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is hinged with one end of the lifting cylinder lower support shaft 33, the other end of the lifting cylinder lower support shaft 33 is fixed on the vehicle body 1, so that the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 can rotate around the lifting cylinder lower support shaft 33, the rod end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is hinged with the machine frame 31 through a pin shaft, and when the lifting cylinder stretches, the lifting operation of the machine can be realized.
As shown in fig. 6, the shroud 37, the power input wheel 38, the driving chain 39, the coupling shaft 310, the driven wheel 311, the bearing 23, the driving coupling 313, the driven coupling 314, the coupling chain 318, and the like form a power transmission device, the power input wheel 38 is connected with the output shaft 214 on the transmission case, receives power from the vehicle body 1, and transmits the power to the driven wheel 311 through the driving chain 39, the driven wheel 311 is fixedly connected with the coupling shaft 310, the coupling shaft 310 is fixed on the tool frame 31 through the coupling bearing 312, the driving coupling 313 is fixed on the other end of the coupling shaft 310 through a bolt, and the coupling chain 318 couples the driven coupling 314 with the driving coupling 313, thereby transmitting the power of the vehicle body 1 to the tool. The shield 37 is connected to the driving coupling 313 and the driven coupling 314, respectively, for dust prevention and safety protection.
As shown in fig. 7, the gripper head 36 is provided with a gripper head, the gripper head of the gripper 36 is a Y groove at the bottom, and the groove bottom is rectangular.
As shown in fig. 8, the moving hydraulic cylinder 35, the tool gripper 36, the tool moving spindle 315, the sliding shaft 316, the tool gripper guard 317 and the sliding sleeve 319 are combined with the tool frame 31 to form a tool moving locking device, the tool gripper 36, the sliding plate and the moving hydraulic cylinder 35 are parallel and perpendicular to the end face of the tool frame 31, the cylinder end of the moving hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected with the tool frame 31 through a pin shaft, the rod end of the moving hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected with one end of the tool moving spindle 315, the other end of the tool moving spindle 315 passes through a hole of the tool gripper guard 317, the middle sleeve 319 passes through a hole of the other tool gripper guard 317, the outer end of the tool moving spindle 315 is connected with the tool gripper 36, the sliding sleeve 319 is mounted on the sliding shaft 316, two end faces of the sliding sleeve 319 are respectively connected with the tool gripper guard 317, the sliding shaft 316 is respectively connected with the other holes of the two tool gripper guards 317 and the corresponding holes on the tool gripper 36 in a hinged manner, and the two tool gripper guards 317 are respectively meshed with the sliding plate on the tool frame 31. When the movable hydraulic cylinder 35 stretches, the tool moving main shaft 315 drives the tool gripper 36, the tool gripper guard plate 317, the sliding shaft 316 and the sliding sleeve 319 to move left and right in the H hole of the tool frame 31, so that the functions of tool power transmission, tool locking and unlocking are realized.
The main function of the coupling composed of the driving coupling 313, the driven coupling 314 and the coupling chain 318 is to eliminate the problem of non-concentricity in the machining or assembling of the machine and the machine frame 31, and at the same time, in order to facilitate the coupling of the machine input shaft 21 and the driven coupling 314, the driven coupling 314 is internally provided with a splined hole, and the external end spline head is rounded.
As shown in fig. 9, the sliding plate of the tool frame 31 is provided with two kidney-shaped holes H1, H2, H, H, the two kidney-shaped holes are on a horizontal plane, and the two sliding sleeves 319 respectively slide in the two kidney-shaped holes H1, H2, so that the tool gripper 36 can be ensured to move linearly and horizontally.
The hinge holes C1 and C2 on the tool frame 31 are concentric, so as to ensure that the quick-change device 3 of the tool can be lifted freely, as shown in fig. 5, the lifting grooves A1 and A2 on the tool frame 31 are concentric, and the positioning grooves B1, B2, B3 and B0 on the tool frame 31 and the driven coupling 314 are concentric.
As shown in fig. 9, in order to facilitate the hooking of the implement, the upper portion of the lifting groove A, A of the implement frame 31 has a large opening, and passes through a section of kidney-shaped hole to reach the semicircular hole, and the left and right circular holes are concentric.
As shown in fig. 9, in order to facilitate the smooth entry of the positioning mechanism at the lower part of the implement, the shape of the openings of the positioning grooves B1 and B2 on the implement frame 31 is that the opening is an outer large opening gradually transits to the positioning arc, the arc surface of the positioning groove B3 is a large semicircle structure, and the opening is in and out of the input shaft 21 of the implement, so that the power alignment of the implement and the locking of the implement are facilitated.
As shown in fig. 10, which is a schematic diagram of a box structure of a working tool, the working tool may be powered, for example: rotary cultivator, ditcher, ditching fertilizer applicator, mower, grass breaker, etc.; it may also be unpowered, such as: cultivator, plow, blade, etc. In order to be successfully docked with the quick-change device of the machine tool, the operation machine tool is provided with a grabbing rod so as to be grabbed by a lifting groove on the quick-change device of the machine tool; the grabbing plate and the power positioning rod are arranged, so that the machine tool can move left and right conveniently, and the installation, the fixation and the disassembly of the machine tool are completed; a guide conical surface and a locking round surface are arranged so as to facilitate the locking of the operation tool; the power input shaft end of the power operating machine is also provided with a guide cone structure, so that the power input shaft of the power operating machine can be conveniently in butt joint with the power transmission device.
The quick tool changing device 3 is used for changing tools according to the following method: extending the hydraulic cylinder 35 to the farthest position to enable the tool gripper 36 to be at the designed farthest position, and enabling the tool upper gripping plate to be approximately aligned with the gripper head on the tool gripper 36 in cooperation with the vehicle body 1 to walk, wherein the tool upper gripping plate is located right below the tool gripper 36 upper gripper head; the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is contracted to the machine frame 31 to enable the lifting groove of the machine frame 31 to be located right below the machine upper grabbing rod, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is lengthened to enable the machine frame 31 to grab the grabbing rod of the machine and continuously lift to the bottoms of the lifting grooves A1 and A2 of the machine frame 31, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 32 is continuously lengthened until the power positioning rod of the machine is attached to the bottom of the positioning groove B1 of the machine frame 31, at the moment, the grabbing plate of the machine is located in the claw head of the machine claw 36, the contraction moving hydraulic cylinder 35 enables the machine claw 36 to drive the machine to move along the center of the positioning grooves B1-B0, when the guiding conical surface of the machine enters the positioning groove B3, the center of the machine input shaft 21 is forcefully enabled to coincide with the center line of the positioning groove B1-B0, and when the machine input shaft 21 enters the driven coupling 314, and the moving hydraulic cylinder 35 is continuously shortened to enable the locking round surface located on the guiding conical surface to enter the positioning groove B3 of the machine frame 31, so that machine locking is achieved. To facilitate engagement of the implement input shaft 21 with the driven coupling 314, the implement power input shaft 21 end should be provided with a pilot cone and the input shaft 21 end splines should also be rounded. The quick change device 3 for the machine tool is operated in reverse in the above order when the machine tool is disassembled.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An agricultural operation vehicle with a quick tool changing device is characterized by comprising a vehicle body (1), a transmission case and a quick tool changing device (3);
the transmission case is positioned on the vehicle body (1), and the quick-change device (3) of the machine tool is positioned at the front end of the vehicle body (1);
the quick change device (3) of the machine tool comprises a pair of frames, a lifting hydraulic cylinder (32), a moving hydraulic cylinder (35) and a machine tool gripper (36);
the pair of frames comprise two parallel and connected machine frames (31), the first end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (32) is a hinged end, and the second end is hinged with a connecting hole at the bottom of any machine frame (31); the rear ends of the two machine frames (31) are provided with hinge holes, the tops of the front ends are provided with lifting grooves, and positioning grooves are arranged below the lifting grooves;
the movable hydraulic cylinder (35) is connected with the side surface of any machine frame (31), the machine gripper (36) is arranged at the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder (35), the gripper head is arranged on the machine gripper (36), and the machine gripper (36) and the movable hydraulic cylinder (35) are parallel and are perpendicular to the end surface of the machine frame (31);
one side of any machine frame (31) is provided with a transmission device, the input end of the transmission device is connected with the output end of the transmission box, and the output end of the transmission device is provided with a rotary connecting piece;
the transmission device comprises a power input wheel (38), a transmission chain (39), a connecting shaft (310) and a driven wheel (311), wherein the power input wheel (38) is connected with the driven wheel (311) through the transmission chain (39), the driven wheel (311) is nested on the connecting shaft (310), and the connecting shaft (310) is coaxially connected with the rotary connecting piece;
a sliding plate parallel to the tool grippers (36) is arranged on one tool frame (31), the sliding plate is positioned between the tool grippers (36) and the movable hydraulic cylinder (35), waist-shaped holes parallel to the output direction of the movable hydraulic cylinder (35) are formed in the sliding plate, and the output end of the movable hydraulic cylinder (35) passes through the waist-shaped holes through the tool movable main shaft (315) to be connected with the tool grippers (36);
the transmission case comprises a case body (210), an input shaft (21), a counter shaft (218), an intermediate shaft (211) and an output shaft (214);
the input shaft (21), the counter shaft (218), the intermediate shaft (211) and the output shaft (214) are arranged in the box body (210) in parallel, and both ends of the input shaft, the counter shaft (218), the intermediate shaft and the output shaft are connected with the box body (210) through bearings (23); a forward rotation electric seat (242) and a reverse rotation electric seat (252) are nested and fixed in the middle of the input shaft (21), the forward rotation electric seat (242) and the reverse rotation electric seat (252) are arranged at intervals, and electromagnetic coils and electromagnets are arranged inside the forward rotation electric seat (242) and the reverse rotation electric seat (252);
a plurality of forward rotation conducting tooth plates (243) and forward rotation friction plates (244) are arranged at intervals on one side, far away from the reverse rotation electric seat (252), of the forward rotation electric seat (242), the forward rotation conducting tooth plates (243) and the forward rotation friction plates (244) are arranged in a crossing mode, the forward rotation conducting tooth plates (243) and the forward rotation friction plates (244) are in sliding connection with the input shaft (21), the forward rotation conducting tooth plates (243) farthest from the forward rotation electric seat (242) are connected with a forward rotation linkage gear (22) through connecting pieces, and the forward rotation linkage gear (22) is connected with the input shaft (21) through bearings (23);
a plurality of reverse conducting tooth plates (253) and reverse friction plates (254) are arranged at a gap at one side of the reverse electric seat (252) far away from the forward electric seat (242), the reverse conducting tooth plates (253) and the reverse friction plates (254) are arranged in a crossing way, the reverse conducting tooth plates (253) and the reverse friction plates (254) are in sliding connection with the input shaft (21), the reverse conducting tooth plates (253) farthest from the reverse electric seat (252) are connected with a reverse linkage gear (26) through a connecting piece, and the reverse linkage gear (26) is connected with the input shaft (21) through a bearing (23);
a reversing gear (217) is arranged on the reversing shaft (218), and the reversing gear (217) is connected with the reversing linkage gear (26); the middle shaft (211) is provided with a forward rotation gear (29) and a reverse rotation transmission gear (219) at two ends of the inside of the box body (210), the forward rotation gear (29) is meshed with the forward rotation linkage gear (22), the reverse rotation transmission gear (219) is meshed with the reverse rotation gear (217), the middle shaft (211) is provided with a middle gear (212), the output shaft (214) is provided with an output gear, and the middle gear (212) is meshed with the output gear; an output shaft (214) is connected to the transmission input.
2. The agricultural vehicle with the quick-change coupling for implements of claim 1, wherein the rotary coupling includes a driving coupling (313), a driven coupling (314), and a coupling chain (318), the driving coupling (313) is fixed to the coupling shaft (310), the coupling chain (318) couples the driven coupling (314) to the driving coupling (313), and an end of the driven coupling (314) corresponds to the positioning groove.
3. The agricultural vehicle with the quick-change device for the implement according to claim 1, wherein a direct-current power generation device is arranged at one end of the input shaft (21), the direct-current power generation device comprises a stator (27), a rotor (28) and a rectifier, the stator (27) is fixed on the box body (210), the rotor (28) is connected with the input shaft (21), and the rectifier is connected with the stator (27).
4. The agricultural vehicle with the quick-change device for the implement according to claim 1, wherein a left positioning seat (215) and a right positioning seat (216) are respectively nested at two ends of the output shaft (214) through bearings (23), the left positioning seat (215) and the right positioning seat (216) are fixed on the box body (210), and the left positioning seat (215) and the right positioning seat (216) are respectively hinged with two hinge holes of the implement frame (31).
5. The agricultural vehicle with the implement quick-change device according to claim 1, wherein a forward-rotation transmission gear (22) is connected to a forward-rotation transmission gear (243) farthest from the forward-rotation electric mount (242) through a forward-rotation transmission fork (241); the reversing transmission tooth piece (253) farthest from the reversing electric seat (252) is connected with a reversing linkage gear (26) through a reversing transmission fork (251).
6. The agricultural vehicle with the quick-change device for the implement according to claim 1, wherein an external spline is provided in the middle of the input shaft (21), and the forward-rotation electric seat (242) and the reverse-rotation electric seat (252) are provided with internal splines, and the forward-rotation electric seat (242) and the reverse-rotation electric seat (252) are connected with the input shaft (21) by the fit of the internal spline and the external spline.
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| CN202011192807.1A CN112205108B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Agricultural operation vehicle with quick tool changing device and tool changing method |
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| CN202011192807.1A CN112205108B (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Agricultural operation vehicle with quick tool changing device and tool changing method |
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| JPH078014A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-01-13 | Iseki & Co Ltd | Apparatus for changing position of universal coupling of quick hitch |
| JPH09107707A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-04-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Normal and reverse-rotating coaxial working machine |
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