CN112202366B - Low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-frequency ultralow wind speed flexible wind power converter, which comprises: the wind energy collecting layer is positioned above the energy conversion layer and is fixedly connected with the energy conversion layer; the upper surface of the wind energy collecting layer is provided with a hairy structure array; the hairy structure array comprises a plurality of hairy rods; the hair shaft is made of flexible material. The invention has the beneficial effects that: a parasitic cup hair receptor imitating a scorpion applies pressure to the energy conversion layer on the lower layer through the stress concentration effect of the root part of the hairy structure array on the surface of the wind energy collecting layer under the action of wind, and the high-efficiency conversion from wind energy to electric energy is realized through the energy conversion layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flexible transducers, and particularly relates to a low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Wind energy is a renewable clean energy source, has large storage capacity and wide distribution, but the energy density of the wind energy is low, only 1/800 of water energy is available, and the wind energy is unstable. Under certain technical conditions, wind energy can be converted into electric energy. However, under the conditions of low frequency and low wind speed, the wind power conversion efficiency is low, and the practical application of the wind power conversion efficiency is limited.
In recent years, the rapid development of the technology of the nano generator and the friction generator provides a new idea for converting weak mechanical energy into electric energy. At present, research on micro-nano energy conversion devices for electromechanical conversion mainly focuses on collecting mechanical energy around the environment by using friction action or converting mechanical energy in the environment into electric energy by using piezoelectric materials, and the research on micro-nano devices for wind energy collection and utilization is almost not available. Meanwhile, the efficient collection and conversion of wind energy with low frequency and ultra-low wind speed is a bottleneck which is difficult to break through. Therefore, the research on the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter is the key for realizing the efficient collection and conversion of wind energy.
Bionics provides endless power and innovation sources for the development of human society and the progress of science and technology. After 4.6 hundred million years of evolution, scorpions produce a parasitic hair structure which is extremely sensitive to external low-frequency and weak flow (wind) signals. The ultra-sensitive flow sensing function of the scorpion parasitic insects lies in that parasitic insects are an efficient 'wind power converter' per se, and the energy conversion mechanism is as follows: external flow acts on the hair pole, can cause huge swing angle change of the parasitic cup hair, and then acts on the neuron to induce larger action potential change, and efficient collection and conversion from external wind energy to electric energy are realized. The principles of biological structure-inspired and organism-derived design have become a focus of research in recent years. However, due to the characteristic of high depth ratio of the parasitic hair structure, it is difficult to ensure that the flexible material has the structural characteristics by processing means such as photolithography, electrospinning, 3D printing, etc. Meanwhile, from the perspective of cost and manufacturing period, the method is difficult to realize large-area popularization, and the application and popularization of the wind power conversion device with the wool-like structure are limited.
Therefore, there is a need for a flexible wind power converter that can efficiently collect and convert wind energy.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art and solving the problems that the high-efficiency collection and conversion of wind energy with low frequency and ultralow wind speed in the prior art are difficult to break through and the preparation of a wind power conversion device with a wool-like structure is difficult. On the other hand, in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention further provides a preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a flexible wind power converter of low frequency ultralow wind speed which characterized in that includes: the wind energy collecting layer is positioned above the energy conversion layer and is fixedly connected with the energy conversion layer;
the upper surface of the wind energy collecting layer is provided with a hairy structure array;
the hairy structure array comprises a plurality of hairy rods;
the hair shaft is made of flexible material.
Preferably, the length of the hair shaft is 0.5-2mm, the diameter of the bottom end of the hair shaft is 50-100 μm, the diameter of the top end of the hair shaft is 10-20 μm, and the gap between the hair shafts is 150-300 μm.
Preferably, the wind power generation device further comprises an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer, wherein the upper electrode layer is positioned between the wind energy collecting layer and the energy conversion layer, and the lower electrode layer is positioned below the energy conversion layer;
and an electrode protection layer is arranged below the lower electrode layer.
Preferably, the energy conversion layer is a thin film made of a piezoelectric material comprising: one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, high dielectric constant piezoelectric ceramic materials and composite piezoelectric materials.
Preferably, the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are made of conductive materials, and the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer.
Preferably, the flexible material comprises one or more polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, ultraviolet light curing glue, photosensitive resin and the like.
Preferably, the electrode protection layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film, and the electrode protection layer is bonded with the lower electrode layer through a silica gel adhesive.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the magnetic metal powder and the flexible material in ethyl acetate or toluene to obtain a uniform mixture; the metal powder with magnetism comprises iron, cobalt and nickel;
s2, under the heating condition, placing the uniform mixture obtained in the step S1 in a magnetic field to be solidified into a film, and obtaining a wind energy collecting layer with a hairy structure array on the surface;
s3, respectively sputtering an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer on the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer; the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are both made of conductive materials, and the conductive materials comprise: one or more of metal aluminum, metal copper, metal silver, gold, carbon nanotubes or graphene;
s4, leading out an upper lead and a lower lead from the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer respectively;
s5, bonding the wind energy collecting layer and the energy conversion layer together;
s6, attaching an electrode protection layer to the surface of the lower electrode layer to obtain the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter; the electrode protection layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film.
In the above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, in step S1, the volume of ethyl acetate or toluene is added so that the concentration of the magnetic metal powder-flexible material mixture is 0.5-0.8 g/ml;
the flexible material comprises one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, ultraviolet light curing glue and photosensitive resin;
the mass ratio of the magnetic metal powder to the flexible material is 1: 1.25-1: 2.5.
in the preparation method as described above, preferably, in step S2, the homogeneous mixture obtained in step S1 is placed in a magnetic field, heated to 50-70 ℃, and kept for 6-8h until the ethyl acetate or toluene is completely evaporated;
the magnetic field is perpendicular to the homogeneous mixture and has a magnetic field strength of 300-450 mT.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the artificial scorpion parasitic hair receptor simulates a parasitic hair receptor of a scorpion, applies pressure to the lower energy conversion layer through the stress concentration effect of the root part of the hairy structure array on the surface of the wind energy collecting layer under the action of wind, and realizes efficient conversion from wind energy to electric energy through the energy conversion layer.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, which is characterized in that the surface of the flexible material spontaneously grows a hairy structure array which is extremely sensitive to low-frequency and low-wind-speed wind under the action of an external magnetic field by adding the magnetic metal powder into the flexible material, so that the bionic effect is achieved, and the high-efficiency collection of low-frequency and low-wind-speed is realized. And the collected wind energy is stressed on the energy conversion layer through the stress induction effect of the hairy structure array, so that the high-efficiency conversion from the wind energy to the electric energy is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wind energy collection layer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the in situ growth of a hairy structure;
fig. 4 is a stress distribution diagram of a wool structure.
[ description of reference ]
1: an array of hairy structures; 2: a wind energy collection layer; 3: an upper electrode layer; 4: an upper lead; 5: an energy conversion layer; 6: a lower electrode layer; 7: a lower lead; 8: and an electrode protection layer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-frequency ultralow wind speed flexible wind power converter, as shown in fig. 2, the low-frequency ultralow wind speed flexible wind power converter comprises: the wind energy collecting layer 2 is positioned above the energy conversion layer 5, and is fixedly connected with the energy conversion layer 5.
The upper surface of the wind energy collecting layer 2 is provided with a hairy structure array 1;
the hairy structure array 1 comprises a plurality of hairy rods;
the hair shaft is made of flexible material.
The wind power converter provided by the embodiment of the invention simulates a parasitic cup and hair receptor of a scorpion, and further applies pressure to the lower energy conversion layer 5 through the stress concentration of the root part of the hairy structure array 1 on the surface of the wind energy collection layer 2 under the action of wind, so that the efficient conversion from wind energy to electric energy is realized through the energy conversion layer 5.
Preferably, the flexible material includes one or more of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polyurethane (PU), uv curable glue, photosensitive resin, and other polymers.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lowest wind speed response speed range of the wind power converter is 1-10m/s, and in addition, the wind power converter is mainly used for collecting and converting low-frequency wind energy, and the frequency of the wind power converter is 10-100 HZ. For the wind power generator in the prior art, the wind power generator can not collect and convert wind energy with wind speed of 1-10m/s and frequency of 10-100 HZ. The wind power converter provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used in cooperation with the existing wind power generator to increase the conversion and utilization of the low-frequency ultra-low wind speed wind energy, and can also be attached to the surface of an urban building or the surface of a running vehicle after being manufactured in a large area.
The hairy structures prepared from the materials have arrays with certain softness, so that the wind power converter can be attached to other buildings, vehicles and the like in the use process, and if the hairy structures are made of rigid materials, the hairy structures cannot deform, and inconvenience in use is caused. Preferably, the polymethyl methacrylate is reacted with polydimethylsiloxane in a ratio of 1: 1, preparing a flexible material by mixing; the polydimethylsiloxane may also be reacted with a polyurethane in a 1: 1. 1: 2. 1: 3 in equal proportion to prepare the flexible material.
Preferably, the length of the hair shaft is 0.5-2mm, the diameter of the bottom end of the hair shaft is 50-100 μm, the diameter of the top end of the hair shaft is 10-20 μm, and the gap between the hair shafts is 150-300 μm.
The sizes of the hair rods and the gaps among the hair rods can ensure that the hair-like structure array 1 is similar to the distribution density of the hair rods of the scorpion parasitic insects so as to better simulate the stress concentration effect of the scorpion parasitic insects and apply pressure to the lower energy conversion layer 5 to convert wind energy into electric energy.
Preferably, the energy conversion layer 5 is a thin film made of a piezoelectric material including: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), high dielectric constant piezoelectric ceramic materials and composite piezoelectric materials.
Different piezoelectric materials may be mixed to form a piezoelectric composite having a high dielectric constant. For example, the piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT) can be mixed with a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix in a ratio of 1: 2. 1: and 3, the piezoelectric coefficient of the obtained composite material is different due to different mixing ratios of the piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate and the polyvinylidene fluoride. The embodiment of the invention adopts the piezoelectric material as the energy conversion layer, and can realize the high-efficiency conversion from wind energy to electric energy.
As shown in fig. 2, preferably, the low-frequency ultra-low wind speed flexible wind power converter further comprises an upper electrode layer 3 and a lower electrode layer 6, wherein the upper electrode layer 3 is located between the wind energy collecting layer 2 and the energy conversion layer 5, and the lower electrode layer 6 is located below the energy conversion layer 5. The upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 are made of conductive materials and are used for leading out electric energy generated by conversion of the energy conversion layer 5. The upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 are attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer 5, respectively. The upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 are externally connected with an upper lead 4 and a lower lead 7 respectively, the upper lead 4 and the lower lead 7 can be used for subsequent circuit connection, and electric energy obtained by converting wind energy is further utilized.
Preferably, the conductive material comprises: one or more of metal aluminum, metal copper, metal silver, gold, carbon nanotubes or graphene.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the conductive material is attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer 5 by evaporation, sputtering, spraying, or the like, so as to form the upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6, and the thicknesses of the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer are 30-50 nm.
Preferably, an electrode protection layer 8 is disposed below the lower electrode layer 6.
Preferably, the electrode protection layer 8 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, and the electrode protection layer 8 is bonded to the lower electrode layer 6 by a silicone adhesive.
Function of the electrode protection layer 8: the lower electrode layer is separated from the external environment, and damage is avoided.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the magnetic metal powder and the flexible material in ethyl acetate or toluene to obtain a uniform mixture;
s2, under the heating condition, placing the uniform mixture obtained in the step S1 in a magnetic field to be solidified into a film, and obtaining the wind energy collecting layer 2 with the hairy structure array 1 on the surface;
s3, attaching the upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 to the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer 5, respectively;
s4, leading out an upper lead 4 and a lower lead 7 from the upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 respectively;
s5, bonding the wind energy collecting layer 2 and the energy conversion layer 5 together through 3M conductive adhesive;
and S6, attaching an electrode protection layer 8 to the surface of the lower electrode layer 6 to obtain the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter.
According to the preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, the magnetic metal powder is added into the flexible material, under the action of an external magnetic field, the surface of the flexible material spontaneously grows the hairy structure array which is extremely sensitive to low-frequency and low-wind-speed wind, the bionic effect is achieved, the low-frequency and low-wind-speed wind is efficiently collected, then the collected wind energy is applied to the piezoelectric material through the stress induction effect of the hairy structure array, and the efficient conversion from the wind energy to the electric energy is achieved.
Preferably, in step S1, the magnetic metal powder includes one or more of iron, cobalt, and nickel, and the flexible material includes one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, ultraviolet light curable adhesive, and photosensitive resin.
The mass ratio of the magnetic metal powder to the flexible material is 1: 1.25-1: 2.5. the magnetic metal powder can induce the magnetic field and is arranged in the magnetic field, so that the flexible material is driven to grow into a hairy structure array, and under the using amount, the magnetic metal powder can drive the flexible material to diffuse along the direction of the magnetic field, so that a better growth effect is achieved. If the content of the magnetic metal powder is too low, the flexible material cannot be driven to diffuse; if the content of the magnetic metal powder is too large, the flexibility of the final hair-like structure array is affected.
Preferably, in step S2, the magnetic field is perpendicular to the homogeneous mixture and has a magnetic field strength of 300-450 mT. The magnetic field intensity is an important influence factor of the size of the hair shaft, and the larger the magnetic field intensity is, the larger the diameter of the hair shaft is, and the longer the length of the hair shaft is. In addition, the diameter of the magnetic metal powder also has a significant effect on the size of the bristle bar, with the larger the diameter of the magnetic metal powder particles, the larger the diameter of the bristle bar, and the longer the length.
Preferably, the diameter of the magnetic metal powder is 200-500 nm.
Under the combined action of the magnetic field intensity and the diameter of the magnetic metal powder, the length of the hair rod is 0.5-2mm, the diameter of the bottom end of the hair rod is 50-100 mu m, the diameter of the top end of the hair rod is 10-20 mu m, and the gap between the hair rods is 150-300 mu m.
Preferably, in step S1, the preparation of the cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane homogeneous mixture includes the steps of: the mass ratio of the flexible material (such as polydimethylsiloxane) prepolymer to the curing agent is 10: 1, and adding magnetic metal powder such as iron, cobalt or nickel and the like to obtain a magnetic metal powder-flexible material mixture. And adding ethyl acetate or toluene into the mixture to dissolve the magnetic metal powder-flexible material mixture, wherein the volume of the ethyl acetate or toluene is required to ensure that the concentration of the magnetic metal powder-flexible material mixture is 0.5-0.8 g/ml, and then stirring the mixture for 5 minutes by using a glass rod to completely dissolve the magnetic metal powder-flexible material.
As shown in FIG. 3, the homogeneous mixture obtained in step S1 is placed in a magnetic field, heated to 50-70 deg.C for 6-8h, and the magnetic metal powder under the action of the applied vertical magnetic field drives the flexible material to grow spontaneously, simulating the hair rod structure of scorpion parasitic cup.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer with the curing agent according to the weight ratio of 10: 1 to obtain a flexible material, and adding cobalt powder with the diameter of 200 nm into the flexible material so that the mass ratio of the cobalt powder to the polydimethylsiloxane is 1: 2.5, obtaining a uniform mixture of cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane; adding ethyl acetate into the uniform cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture to enable the concentration of the cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture to be 0.5 g/ml, and stirring the mixture for 5 minutes by using a glass rod to enable the magnetic powder-polydimethylsiloxane to be completely dissolved. In step S1, polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer is selected to be mixed with a curing agent and cobalt powder, so that the possibility that voids and cracks are likely to occur in the growth process of directly using the polymer can be avoided, and the quality of the hairy structure array can be improved.
S2, taking a clean culture dish, pouring the cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution prepared in the step S1 into the culture dish, placing the cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution obtained in the step S1 into a magnetic field generator, heating to 50 ℃ and maintaining for 6 hours, adjusting the magnetic field strength to 300mT, solidifying the mixture into a film after a solvent in the mixture is evaporated, obtaining the wind energy collecting layer 2 with the hairy structure array 1 on the surface, removing the height of the hairy structure array 1, wherein the thickness of the wind energy collecting layer 2 in the vertical direction is 0.5 mm;
s3, selecting a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film as an energy conversion layer 5, and sputtering metal silver with the thickness of 30nm on the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer 5 respectively to serve as an upper electrode layer 3 and a lower electrode layer 6;
s4, the upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 are respectively connected with an upper lead 4 and a lower lead 7;
s5, bonding the wind energy collection layer 2 and the energy conversion layer 5 prepared in the step S4 together through a 3M conductive adhesive tape;
and S6, uniformly coating a layer of silica gel adhesive on the surface of the polyethylene glycol terephthalate film, and attaching the surface of the polyethylene glycol terephthalate film coated with the adhesive to the lower electrode layer 6 to form an electrode protection layer 8, so as to obtain the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter.
Through the preparation method, the length of each hair rod in the obtained hair-like structure array is 0.5mm, the diameter of the bottom end of each hair rod is 50 micrometers, the diameter of the top end of each hair rod is 10 micrometers, and the gap between the hair rods is 150 micrometers.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bionic simulation scorpion-insect-feather is used for forming the hairy structure array, the stress distribution on the surface of the hairy structure array is shown in figure 4, and under the stress distribution, the flexible wind power converter can collect wind energy to a greater extent and transmit the wind energy to the energy conversion layer for converting electric energy.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lowest wind speed response speed range of the wind power converter is 1-10m/s, and in addition, the wind power converter is mainly used for collecting low-frequency wind energy, and the frequency of the wind power converter is 10-100 HZ. The wind power converter prepared by the embodiment of the invention is placed near a variable frequency fan, the output power of the wind power converter under the action of the fan is measured by a digital multimeter, the output power of the wind power converter is more than the output power of the variable frequency fan, namely the energy conversion efficiency, and the wind power conversion efficiency is calculated to be about 5%.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides another preparation method of a low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer with the curing agent according to the weight ratio of 10: 1 to obtain a flexible material, and adding cobalt powder with the diameter of 500nm into the flexible material so that the mass ratio of the cobalt powder to the polydimethylsiloxane is 1: 1.25, obtaining a uniform mixture of cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane; toluene was added to the above uniform mixture of cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane to give a cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture concentration of 0.5 g/ml, and the mixture was stirred with a glass rod for 5 minutes to completely dissolve the magnetic powder-polydimethylsiloxane.
S2, taking a clean culture dish, pouring the cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution prepared in the step S1 into the culture dish, placing the cobalt-polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution obtained in the step S1 into a magnetic field generator, heating to 70 ℃ and maintaining for 8 hours, adjusting the magnetic field strength to 450mT, evaporating a solvent in the mixture, and curing the mixture to form a film to obtain the wind energy collecting layer 2 with the hairy structure array 1 on the surface, wherein the thickness of the wind energy collecting layer is 0.8 mm;
s3, selecting a piezoelectric film polyvinylidene fluoride as an energy conversion layer 5, and sputtering metal silver with the thickness of 50nm on the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer 5 respectively to be used as an upper electrode layer 3 and a lower electrode layer 6;
s4, leading out an upper lead 4 and a lower lead 7 from the upper electrode layer 3 and the lower electrode layer 6 respectively;
s5, bonding the wind energy collecting layer 2 and the energy conversion layer 5 together through a 3M conductive adhesive tape;
and S6, uniformly coating a layer of silica gel adhesive on the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film, and attaching the surface of the PET film coated with the adhesive to the lower electrode layer 6 to form an electrode protection layer 8, so as to obtain the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter.
By the preparation method, the length of the obtained hair rod is 2mm, the diameter of the bottom end of the hair rod is 100 micrometers, the diameter of the top end of the hair rod is 20 micrometers, and the gap between the hair rods is 300 micrometers.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lowest wind speed response speed range of the wind power converter is 1-10m/s, and in addition, the wind power converter is mainly used for collecting low-frequency wind energy, and the frequency of the wind power converter is 10-100 HZ. The wind power converter prepared by the embodiment of the invention is placed near a variable frequency fan, the output power of the wind power converter under the action of the fan is measured by a digital multimeter, the output power of the wind power converter is more than the output power of the variable frequency fan, namely the energy conversion efficiency, and the wind power conversion efficiency is calculated to be about 5%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a device of the same specification and the same structural composition as in example 1, which is different from the wind power converter of example 1 in that it does not have the hair-like structure array.
The preparation method of the device comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer with the curing agent according to the weight ratio of 10: 1 to obtain a uniform mixture; to the above homogeneous mixture was added ethyl acetate so that the concentration of the mixture was 0.5 g/ml, and stirred with a glass rod for 5 minutes to completely dissolve the polydimethylsiloxane flexible material.
S2, taking a clean culture dish, pouring the polydimethylsiloxane mixture solution prepared in the step S1 into the culture dish, heating the culture dish to 50 ℃ and maintaining for 6 hours, and solidifying the mixture into a film after the solvent is evaporated to obtain the wind energy collecting layer, wherein the thickness of the wind energy collecting layer 2 is 0.5 mm.
S3, selecting a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film as an energy conversion layer, and sputtering metal silver with the thickness of 30nm on the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer respectively to be used as an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer.
And S4, connecting the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer to lead out an upper lead and a lower lead respectively.
S5, bonding the wind energy collection layer and the energy conversion layer prepared in the step S4 together through a 3M conductive adhesive tape.
And S6, uniformly coating a layer of silica gel adhesive on the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate film, and attaching the surface of the PET film coated with the adhesive to the lower electrode layer to form an electrode protection layer, thereby obtaining the device without the hairy structure array.
The device is attached to the same frequency conversion fan as that in the embodiment 1, the output power of the device under the action of the fan is measured through a digital multimeter, the output power of the wind power converter is more than that of the frequency conversion fan, namely, the energy conversion efficiency is obtained, and the conversion efficiency of the device to wind energy with the wind speed response speed range of 1-10m/s and the frequency of 10-100HZ is calculated to be about 0.
Specifically, tests on the surface of the flexible material of the device of the present comparative example revealed that the surface stress changes little when wind passes through the planar structure, and thus it is difficult to achieve conversion of wind energy into electrical energy.
In summary, the utilization of the wind energy with low frequency and ultra-low wind speed is a bottleneck that wind power conversion is difficult to break through, and the artificial scorpion hair receptor simulation device simulates a scorpion hair receptor, applies pressure to the energy conversion layer on the lower layer through the stress concentration of the root part of the hairy structure array on the surface of the wind energy collection layer under the action of wind, and realizes efficient conversion from the wind energy to the electric energy through the energy conversion layer.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter, which is characterized in that the surface of the flexible material spontaneously grows a hairy structure array which is extremely sensitive to low-frequency and low-wind-speed wind under the action of an external magnetic field by adding the magnetic metal powder into the flexible material, so that the bionic effect is achieved, and the high-efficiency collection of low-frequency and low-wind-speed is realized. And the collected wind energy exerts pressure on the energy conversion layer through the stress induction effect of the hairy structure array, so that the high-efficiency conversion from the wind energy to the electric energy is realized.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a flexible wind power converter of low frequency ultralow wind speed which characterized in that, the low frequency is 10-100HZ, and the ultralow wind speed is 1-10m/s, and wind power converter includes: the wind energy collecting layer (2) is positioned above the energy conversion layer (5), and is fixedly connected with the energy conversion layer (5);
the upper surface of the wind energy collecting layer (2) is provided with a hairy structure array (1);
the hairy structure array (1) comprises a plurality of hairy rods;
the hair shaft is made of flexible materials;
the length of the hair rod is 0.5-2mm, the diameter of the bottom end of the hair rod is 50-100 μm, the diameter of the top end of the hair rod is 10-20 μm, and the gap between the hair rods is 150-300 μm;
the flexible material comprises one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, ultraviolet light curing glue and photosensitive resin;
the energy conversion layer (5) is a thin film made of a piezoelectric material, and the piezoelectric material comprises: one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, high dielectric constant piezoelectric ceramic materials and composite piezoelectric materials.
2. A low frequency ultra low wind speed flexible wind power converter according to claim 1, further comprising an upper electrode layer (3) and a lower electrode layer (6), said upper electrode layer (3) being located between the wind energy collecting layer (2) and the energy converting layer (5), said lower electrode layer (6) being located below the energy converting layer (5);
and an electrode protection layer (8) is arranged below the lower electrode layer (6).
3. The low frequency ultra low wind speed flexible wind power converter according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper electrode layer (3) and the lower electrode layer (6) are conductive materials, and the upper electrode layer (3) and the lower electrode layer (6) are attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer (5), respectively.
4. The low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter according to claim 2, wherein the electrode protection layer (8) is a polyethylene terephthalate film, and the electrode protection layer (8) is bonded with the lower electrode layer (6) through a silica gel adhesive.
5. A preparation method of the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the magnetic metal powder and the flexible material in ethyl acetate or toluene to obtain a uniform mixture; the magnetic metal powder comprises one or more of iron, cobalt and nickel;
s2, under the heating condition, placing the uniform mixture obtained in the step S1 in a magnetic field to be solidified into a film, and obtaining a wind energy collecting layer (2) with a hairy structure array (1) on the surface;
s3, respectively sputtering an upper electrode layer (3) and a lower electrode layer (6) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the energy conversion layer (5); the upper electrode layer (3) and the lower electrode layer (6) are both made of conductive materials, and the conductive materials comprise: one or more of metal aluminum, metal copper, metal silver, gold, carbon nanotubes or graphene;
s4, leading out an upper lead (4) and a lower lead (7) from the upper electrode layer (3) and the lower electrode layer (6) respectively;
s5, bonding the wind energy collecting layer (2) and the energy conversion layer (5) together;
s6, attaching an electrode protection layer (8) to the surface of the lower electrode layer (6) to obtain the low-frequency ultralow-wind-speed flexible wind power converter; the electrode protection layer (8) is a polyethylene terephthalate film.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S1, the volume of ethyl acetate or toluene added is such that the concentration of the magnetic metal powder-flexible material mixture is 0.5-0.8 g/ml;
the flexible material comprises one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, ultraviolet light curing glue and photosensitive resin;
the mass ratio of the magnetic metal powder to the flexible material is 1: 1.25-1: 2.5.
7. the method of claim 5, wherein in step S2, the homogeneous mixture obtained in step S1 is placed in a magnetic field, heated to 50-70 ℃ and kept at the temperature for 6-8h until the ethyl acetate or toluene is completely evaporated;
the magnetic field is perpendicular to the homogeneous mixture and has a magnetic field strength of 300-450 mT.
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