CN112198626B - Large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with conformal light window - Google Patents
Large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with conformal light window Download PDFInfo
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- CN112198626B CN112198626B CN202010943070.6A CN202010943070A CN112198626B CN 112198626 B CN112198626 B CN 112198626B CN 202010943070 A CN202010943070 A CN 202010943070A CN 112198626 B CN112198626 B CN 112198626B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004297 night vision Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with a shape-preserving optical window, which is sequentially provided with the shape-preserving optical window, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a diaphragm, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a detector protecting optical window and a detector image surface along a light incidence direction, wherein the shape-preserving optical window is a negative meniscus lens, the first lens and the fourth lens are negative meniscus lenses, and the second lens, the third lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are positive meniscus lenses; the shape-preserving optical window is made of zinc sulfide, the first lens, the second lens and the sixth lens are made of germanium, the third lens and the fifth lens are made of chalcogenide glass IG4, and the fourth lens is made of zinc sulfide; the optical system realizes the optical passive athermalization design within the temperature range of-55 to 70 ℃ by combining optical materials and reasonably distributing the focal power of the lens; the system has the characteristics of large relative caliber, high resolution, miniaturization, good environmental adaptability and the like, and is convenient to install and adjust the optical machine and suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and relates to a large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization-free lens with a conformal optical window.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the uncooled infrared detector technology and the continuous improvement of the detector performance, the uncooled infrared passive detection and imaging become possible, and the uncooled infrared passive detection and imaging method is gradually applied to the fields of night vision viewing, vehicle-mounted night vision, security monitoring and the like. The domestic uncooled infrared detector is a long-wave uncooled infrared detector with the mass production of 1024 multiplied by 768 and the pixel size of 14 mu m, and can meet the requirements of high sensitivity and high resolution in military assembly.
The infrared optical lens is used in a complex environment, when the ambient temperature changes, the curvature, thickness and spacing of the optical elements will also change, and the curvature, thickness and spacing of the optical elements will also change, which causes the infrared system to be out of focus, resulting in a sharp decrease in imaging quality. The infrared optical material has higher temperature refractive index coefficient, is more sensitive to temperature change, although the uncooled detection performance is continuously improved, the detection sensitivity of the infrared optical material still has certain difference compared with a refrigerated infrared detector, and in order to further improve and improve the performance of an uncooled infrared imaging system, higher requirements are provided for the design of an uncooled infrared optical lens, so that the uncooled infrared optical lens is required to be designed without heating so as to meet the use requirements of different environments.
In specific application, an optical lens is required to have a certain optical pitching angle, a spliced optical window is usually adopted for an infrared optical window, but the material at the joint of the spliced optical window cannot transmit long-wave infrared, and the optical lens cannot be influenced by the material at the joint in the pitching rotation process.
Patent CN206960766U discloses a refraction-diffraction mixed infrared objective lens without thermalization with large relative aperture, and an optical system F/# is 1; in the prior art, most of F/# is 1, patent CN209297022U discloses a large-field large-relative-aperture long-wave infrared optical system, the maximum F/# can reach 0.8, the relative aperture of the optical system is increased, but a non-refrigeration detector matched with a 640 x 512,17 mu m area array does not exist, and at present, no large-relative-aperture athermalization lens capable of being matched with 1024 x 768 exists in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with a shape-preserving optical window, and provides the large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with the shape-preserving optical window, wherein the lens is adapted to a 1024 x 768 uncooled detector to realize large-relative-aperture imaging, the F/# of an optical system is 0.8, the optical passive athermalization design is realized in a temperature range of-55-70 ℃, and meanwhile, the shape-preserving optical window is adopted to meet the application of pitching rotation of the lens from +45 degrees to-45 degrees.
Technical scheme
A large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with a conformal optical window is characterized by sequentially consisting of the conformal optical window 1, a first lens 2, a second lens 3, a third lens 4, a diaphragm 5, a fourth lens 6, a fifth lens 7, a sixth lens 8, a detector protective optical window 9 and a detector image surface 10 which are coaxially arranged in the direction of an optical path; the first lens and the fourth lens are meniscus negative lenses, and the second lens, the third lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are meniscus positive lenses; along the incident direction of light, namely from an object side to an image side, the front surface of the conformal light window is convex towards the object side and the rear surface of the conformal light window is concave towards the image side, the front surface of the first lens is convex towards the object side and the rear surface of the first lens is concave towards the image side, the front surface of the second lens is concave towards the object side and the rear surface is convex towards the image side, the front surface of the third lens is convex towards the object side and the rear surface is concave towards the image side, and the front surfaces of the fourth lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are convex towards the object side and the rear surface is concave towards the image side; the front and back surfaces of the conformal light window are spherical surfaces.
The high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with the large relative aperture is externally provided with a mechanical rotating shaft, and the curvature radius of the conformal light window is determined by the distance between the conformal light window and the mechanical rotating shaft.
And a rear-end light path formed by the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the detector protection optical window and the detector image surface rotates around the mechanical rotating shaft, so that an optical pitching angle from +45 degrees to-45 degrees is realized.
The conformal light window is 9.6mm away from the first lens, the first lens is 13.84mm away from the second lens, the second lens is 0.1mm away from the third lens, the third lens is 0.61mm away from the diaphragm, the diaphragm is 3.28mm away from the fourth lens, the fourth lens is 8.52mm away from the fifth lens, and the fifth lens is 3.87mm away from the sixth lens; the distance between the sixth lens and the detector protection optical window is 8.02mm, and the distance between the detector protection optical window and the detector image plane is 2.14mm.
The concave surface of the first lens, the convex surface of the second lens, the convex surface of the third lens, the convex surface of the fifth lens and the convex surface of the sixth lens are aspheric surfaces.
The material of the conformal light window and the material of the fourth lens are zinc sulfide.
The first lens, the second lens, the sixth lens and the detector protection optical window are made of germanium.
The material of the third lens and the fifth lens is chalcogenide glass IG4.
The diaphragm is a circular aperture diaphragm.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with a shape-preserving optical window, wherein an optical system is sequentially and coaxially provided with the shape-preserving optical window, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a diaphragm, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a detector protection optical window and a detector image surface along a light incidence direction, the shape-preserving optical window is a negative meniscus lens, the first lens and the fourth lens are negative meniscus lenses, and the second lens, the third lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are positive meniscus lenses; the shape-preserving optical window is made of zinc sulfide, the first lens, the second lens and the sixth lens are made of germanium, the third lens and the fifth lens are made of chalcogenide glass IG4, and the fourth lens is made of zinc sulfide; the optical system realizes the optical passive athermalization design within the temperature range of-55 to 70 ℃ by combining optical materials and reasonably distributing the focal power of the lens; the system has the characteristics of large relative caliber, high resolution, miniaturization, good environmental adaptability and the like, and is convenient to install and adjust the optical machine and suitable for popularization and application.
The focal length of the large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens is 19.7mm, the field size of the large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens is 40 degrees multiplied by 30 degrees, and the wavelength range of the large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens is 8-12 microns.
The large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermal lens with the conformal light window has the following advantages:
1) The lens can realize large relative aperture imaging, and the F/# can reach 0.8;
2) The method is suitable for high-resolution 1024 x 768 uncooled detectors.
3) The lens optical system adopts a passive athermal design, and can realize good temperature adaptability within the temperature range of-55-70 ℃.
3) The conformal optical window is adopted, and the lens rotates along the spherical center of the conformal optical window in a pitching manner, so that the influence of joint materials of the spliced optical window can be avoided. Meanwhile, the conformal light window can be tightly attached to the skin of the airplane to effectively reduce the flight resistance on the premise of keeping the overall streamline (conformal) pneumatic layout of the airplane.
4) The cost is low: the optical system adopts a shape-preserving light window and six lenses, five aspheric surfaces are introduced, the rest are spherical surfaces, and diffraction surfaces are not used, so that the energy transmittance and the temperature difference sensitivity of the lens are improved, and the processing difficulty and the processing cost of the lens are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical schematic of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a normal temperature MTF graph of a large relative aperture high resolution long-wave athermal lens with a conformal optical window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a MTF plot at-55 ℃ for a large relative aperture high resolution long-wave athermalized lens with a conformal optical window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a MTF plot at 70 ℃ for a large relative aperture high resolution long-wave athermal lens with conformal optical windows according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with the conformal light window in the embodiment of the invention comprises a conformal light window 1, a first lens 2, a second lens 3, a third lens 4, a diaphragm 5, a fourth lens 6, a fifth lens 7, a sixth lens 8, a detector protective light window 9 and a detector image plane 10 which are coaxially arranged along the direction of a light path in sequence as shown in fig. 1
The conformal optical window 1 is a negative meniscus lens, the first lens 2 and the fourth lens 6 are negative meniscus lenses, and the second lens 3, the third lens 4, the fifth lens 7 and the sixth lens 8 are positive meniscus lenses; the concave surface of the first lens 2 is an aspheric surface, the convex surfaces of the second lens 3, the third lens 4, the fifth lens 7 and the sixth lens 8 are aspheric surfaces, and the surfaces of the other lenses are spherical surfaces. The F/# of the optical system is 0.8, the optical system is matched with a non-refrigeration detector of a 1024X 768,14 μm area array, the focal length of the optical system is 19.7mm, the field size of the optical system is 40 degrees X30 degrees, and the wavelength range of the optical system is 8 μm-12 μm.
The conformal light window 1 is made of zinc sulfide, the first lens 2, the second lens 3 and the sixth lens 8 are made of germanium, the third lens 4 and the fifth lens 7 are made of chalcogenide glass IG4, and the fourth lens 6 is made of zinc sulfide. The material of the detector protection optical window 9 is germanium.
The curvature radius of the conformal optical window 1 is determined by the position of the optical window from the rotating shaft of the lens, and a rear-end optical path consisting of the first lens 2, the second lens 3, the third lens 4, the diaphragm 5, the fourth lens 6, the fifth lens 7, the sixth lens 8, the detector protection optical window 9 and the detector image surface 10 rotates around the rotating shaft, so that the optical pitching angle of +45 degrees to-45 degrees can be realized.
The conformal light window is 9.6mm away from the first lens, the first lens is 13.84mm away from the second lens, the second lens is 0.1mm away from the third lens, the third lens is 0.61mm away from the diaphragm, the diaphragm is 3.28mm away from the fourth lens, the fourth lens is 8.52mm away from the fifth lens, and the fifth lens is 3.87mm away from the sixth lens; the distance between the sixth lens and the detector protection optical window is 8.02mm, and the distance between the detector protection optical window and the detector image plane is 2.14mm. .
The optical system specific parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 optical System data sheet
Note: in the above table, A, B, C and D are aspheric coefficients.
The general form of an aspheric surface is:
wherein C =1/R is the vertex curvature, K is a conic constant, and A, B, C and D are high-order aspheric coefficients; the first term is a general quadric equation, and the general form of the aspheric surface is to add a high-order term on the basis of a quadratic curve; k =0 indicates that the quadratic surface equation of the first term is spherical; the radius of the aspherical surface in the table is the radius of curvature at the vertex.
The invention can realize good temperature adaptability within the temperature range of-55-70 ℃. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, wherein fig. 2 is a normal temperature MTF diagram of a large relative aperture high resolution long-wave athermal lens with a conformal optical window according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a MTF plot at-55 ℃ for a large relative aperture high resolution long-wave athermalized lens with a conformal optical window according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a MTF plot at 70 ℃ for a large relative aperture high resolution long-wave athermal lens with a conformal optical window, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens with a conformal light window is characterized by sequentially consisting of the conformal light window [1], a first lens [2], a second lens [3], a third lens [4], a diaphragm [5], a fourth lens [6], a fifth lens [7], a sixth lens [8], a detector protective light window [9] and a detector image surface [10] which are coaxially arranged according to the direction of a light path; the first lens and the fourth lens are meniscus negative lenses, and the second lens, the third lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are meniscus positive lenses; along the incident direction of light, namely from an object side to an image side, the front surface of the conformal light window is convex towards the object side and the rear surface of the conformal light window is concave towards the image side, the front surface of the first lens is convex towards the object side and the rear surface of the first lens is concave towards the image side, the front surface of the second lens is concave towards the object side and the rear surface is convex towards the image side, the front surface of the third lens is convex towards the object side and the rear surface is concave towards the image side, and the front surfaces of the fourth lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are convex towards the object side and the rear surface is concave towards the image side; the front surface and the rear surface of the conformal light window are spherical surfaces; the large relative aperture F/# is 0.8 and the high resolution is 1024 × 768;
the conformal light window is 9.6mm away from the first lens, the first lens is 13.84mm away from the second lens, the second lens is 0.1mm away from the third lens, the third lens is 0.61mm away from the diaphragm, the diaphragm is 3.28mm away from the fourth lens, the fourth lens is 8.52mm away from the fifth lens, and the fifth lens is 3.87mm away from the sixth lens; the distance between the sixth lens and the detector protection optical window is 8.02mm, and the distance between the detector protection optical window and the detector image plane is 2.14mm.
2. The large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window of claim 1, wherein: the large-relative-aperture high-resolution long-wave athermalization lens is externally provided with a mechanical rotating shaft, and the curvature radius of the conformal light window is determined by the distance between the conformal light window and the mechanical rotating shaft.
3. The large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window of claim 1, wherein: and a rear-end light path formed by the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the detector protection optical window and the detector image surface rotates around the mechanical rotating shaft, so that an optical pitching angle from +45 degrees to-45 degrees is realized.
4. A large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: the concave surface of the first lens, the convex surface of the second lens, the convex surface of the third lens, the convex surface of the fifth lens and the convex surface of the sixth lens are aspheric surfaces.
5. A large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: the material of the conformal light window and the material of the fourth lens are zinc sulfide.
6. A large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: the material of the first lens, the second lens, the sixth lens and the detector protection optical window is germanium.
7. A large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: the material of the third lens and the fifth lens is chalcogenide glass IG4.
8. A large relative aperture high resolution longwave athermal lens with a conformal light window according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: the diaphragm is a circular aperture diaphragm.
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