CN112192317B - Method for measuring machine tool spindle space three-dimensional error by using double-ball bar instrument - Google Patents

Method for measuring machine tool spindle space three-dimensional error by using double-ball bar instrument Download PDF

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CN112192317B
CN112192317B CN202011069532.2A CN202011069532A CN112192317B CN 112192317 B CN112192317 B CN 112192317B CN 202011069532 A CN202011069532 A CN 202011069532A CN 112192317 B CN112192317 B CN 112192317B
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ball
instrument
machine tool
rod
bar
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CN112192317A (en
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王文
孙涛
吴海梅
陈占锋
卢科青
杨贺
桑志谦
郭宗福
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring a three-dimensional error of a machine tool spindle space by using a double-ball-bar instrument. The cue stick product itself can only detect error variations in its axially sensitive direction. The first ball rod instrument connected with the extension bar and the main shaft tool cup is used for measuring errors generated by circular interpolation motion of a main shaft of a multi-shaft machine tool in a theoretical plane like the traditional ball rod instrument; the ball bar instrument connected with the bearing rod and the extension rod is used for measuring the spindle motion error in the direction vertical to the motion theoretical plane of the spindle of the multi-spindle machine tool. The invention uses two ball arm instruments to carry out measurement simultaneously, and can accurately obtain the geometric error of the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool in the spatial three-dimensional direction of the measured position; can be according to the difference of inspection scene, install the pole of different length additional between extension bar and club appearance one and adjust the length proportion of center pin both sides, enlarge or reduce this error manyfold, do benefit to the club appearance and to the high accuracy testing of this error.

Description

Method for measuring machine tool spindle space three-dimensional error by using double-ball bar instrument
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool error detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring a spatial three-dimensional error of a spindle of a multi-spindle machine tool by using a double-ball-bar instrument.
Background
Modern industries have increasingly high requirements on the machining accuracy of multi-axis machine tools. However, the machining precision of the multi-axis machine tool is affected by the problems of assembly, mutual motion relation and manufacturing precision of the axes of the multi-axis machine tool. Therefore, it is an important task to detect the motion error of the output spindle of the multi-axis machine tool, and how to quickly and effectively detect the motion error of the output spindle of the multi-axis machine tool is a key of the detection and is also a basis for error compensation.
Among the existing various measuring devices, the ball rod instrument has the advantages of low price, convenience in installation, high detection efficiency and the like compared with other detection devices. As a commercialized instrument for detecting machine tool errors, the ball rod instrument can detect main machine tool geometric errors such as machine tool single-shaft straightness, two-shaft verticality, reverse over-stroke, reverse clearance and the like.
When a ball bar instrument is used for detecting geometric errors of a machine tool, two shafts of a multi-shaft machine tool are linked and the other shafts are fixed, so that a main shaft of an output end does circular interpolation motion in a certain plane. However, due to the assembly relationship among the shafts, the installation eccentricity of the transmission shaft, the transmission gap, the thermal deformation and the like, the motion of the main shaft at the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool is not only in an ideal plane, but also is a coupling error in multiple directions. But the ball arm instrument product can only detect the error change along the axial sensitive direction, finally obtains the error amount in two directions, and can not detect the geometric errors of the main shaft at the output end of the multi-axis machine tool in other directions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defect that the existing ball arm instrument product has a single measurement direction, the invention provides a method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the machine tool spindle space by using a double ball arm instrument. The invention is suitable for detecting the motion error of the main shaft at the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool such as a common machine tool, a numerical control machine tool, an ultra-precision machine tool and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for measuring a three-dimensional error of a machine tool spindle by using a double-ball bar instrument, which comprises the following steps:
step one, supporting a round cover on a central shaft through a flange bearing I and a flange bearing II; then, connecting an external thread at the bottom of the magnetic ball socket with a threaded hole at the top of the central shaft, and connecting the external thread at the bottom of the central shaft with a threaded hole at the top of the base tool cup; finally, fixing the bracket and the round cover;
fixing a main shaft tool cup on a main shaft at the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested, and fixing a base tool cup on a workbench of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested through magnetic force adsorption;
step three, respectively connecting external threads of the magnetic ball socket II and the magnetic ball socket III with threaded holes at two ends of the lengthening rod; connecting the external thread of the magnetic ball socket IV with the threaded hole at one end of the bearing rod, and connecting the threaded hole at the other end of the bearing rod with the external thread at the bottom of the precision ball I; secondly, calibrating the ball center distances of a second magnetic ball socket and a third magnetic ball socket at two ends of the lengthening rod, and the ball center distances of a fourth magnetic ball socket and a first precise ball at two ends of the bearing rod respectively by using a ball rod instrument II;
step four, connecting a threaded hole of a non-sensitive end of the ball bar instrument with an external thread of the lengthening bar at a position close to the magnetic ball socket III, wherein the center of the magnetic ball socket II, the center of the magnetic ball socket III and the center of the precise ball socket II of the sensitive end of the ball bar instrument are positioned on the same straight line; absorbing the precise ball in the magnetic ball socket III, calibrating and calibrating the distance between the centers of the precise ball II at the sensitive end of the first sphere rod instrument and the precise ball I on the calibration block gauge, and recording the effective length L of the distance between the centers of the precise ball II and the precise ball I after calibration1And the ball center distance error value x of the precise ball II and the precise ball I measured by the ball rod instrument I0。
Step five, embedding the middle part of the extension bar into a clamping groove formed in the support, and adsorbing a first precision ball on the bearing bar into a first magnetic ball socket at the top end of the central shaft through magnetic force; then, fixing the middle part of the bearing rod on the bracket; finally, adsorbing a precision ball II at a sensitive end of the ball rod instrument on the main shaft tool cup through magnetic force;
step six, adsorbing the precise ball tee joint at the non-sensitive end of the ball bar instrument II in a magnetic ball socket II on the bearing rod through magnetic force, and adsorbing the precise ball tee joint at the sensitive end of the ball bar instrument II in a magnetic ball socket II on the extension rod; then, connecting the ball rod instrument acquisition systems of the ball rod instrument I and the ball rod instrument II with a processor;
and seventhly, enabling the multi-axis machine tool to be tested to do circular interpolation motion, acquiring an output signal of the ball rod instrument I by a ball rod instrument acquisition system of the ball rod instrument I to be sent to a processor, acquiring an output signal of the ball rod instrument II by a ball rod instrument acquisition system of the ball rod instrument II to be sent to the processor, and obtaining the motion error of the output end main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to be tested in the three-dimensional direction after the processor processes the output signal of the ball rod instrument II.
The process of obtaining the motion error quantity of the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction of the space by the processor is as follows:
the effective length of the extension bar is marked as L2The effective length of the bearing bar is L3The effective length of the second ball arm instrument is L4，L2The value of (A) is equal to the ball center distance L of the magnetic ball socket II and the magnetic ball socket III at the two ends of the calibrated extension bar3The value of the magnetic ball socket is equal to the ball center distance between the magnetic ball socket four and the precise ball I at the two ends of the calibrated bearing rod; recording that the club instrument detects that the rod length expansion and contraction along the axial direction is delta L when the main shaft at the output end of the multi-axis machine tool to be tested does circular interpolation motion1The second ball arm detects that the length of the second ball arm along the axial direction is extended or contracted by delta L4。
In the initial state, the included angle between the extension bar and the second ball rod instrument is recorded as alpha, and the cosine theorem of the triangle is as follows:
Figure BDA0002713275840000031
namely:
Figure BDA0002713275840000032
the component length y of the second ball arm instrument in the direction vertical to the extension rod1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002713275840000033
when the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested does circular interpolation motion, the included angle between the extension bar and the second ball rod instrument is recorded as beta, and the cosine theorem of the triangle is as follows:
Figure BDA0002713275840000034
namely:
Figure BDA0002713275840000035
the component length y of the second ball arm instrument in the direction vertical to the extension rod2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002713275840000036
therefore, the variation of the component length of the second cue instrument in the direction vertical to the extension rod is as follows:
Figure BDA0002713275840000037
Figure BDA0002713275840000041
the lengthening bar is a lever taking the sphere center of the magnetic ball socket III as a fulcrum, so h2An error value h generated in a direction vertical to a theoretical motion plane corresponding to the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002713275840000042
namely:
Figure BDA0002713275840000043
the motion error quantity of the main shaft of the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured along the axial direction of the ball bar instrument is decomposed into two-dimensional errors parallel to the theoretical motion plane, and the error value is combinedh1And then the motion error quantity of the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction of the space is obtained.
Preferably, the material of extension bar, bearing bar, center pin, dome and support is invar steel.
Preferably, the magnetic ball socket I, the magnetic ball socket II, the magnetic ball socket III and the magnetic ball socket IV are all three-point support type magnetic ball sockets; the three-point supporting type magnetic ball socket is internally fixed with a positioning ring, and the positioning ring is provided with three supporting blocks which are integrally formed and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the step two is further followed by the steps of: placing an adjusting ball on a magnetic ball socket I on the central shaft, and adjusting a fastening pull rod of the base tool cup to a loosening state; then moving the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested to a position h right above the adjusting ball, wherein the value of h is within the range of 0.3-1 cm, and the central shaft is increased, so that the adjusting ball is adsorbed to the main shaft tool cup under the action of magnetic force; after the central shaft rotates for two circles, a fastening pull rod of the base tool cup is tightened, and the current position of the output end spindle of the multi-spindle machine tool to be measured is recorded as the original point of a measurement coordinate; then, lifting the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured by 3-5 cm, taking down the adjusting ball, and moving the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured to the original point position of the measurement coordinate again; and finally, horizontally translating the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested to a preset position to be tested.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention uses two ball arm instruments to measure simultaneously, and can accurately obtain the geometric error of the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool in the spatial three-dimensional direction of the measured position by using the rod length variation of the two ball arm instruments in the sensitive direction. The ball bar instrument I connected with the extension bar and the main shaft tool cup is used for measuring errors generated by circular interpolation motion of a main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool in a theoretical plane like the traditional ball bar instrument; the ball bar instrument connected with the bearing rod and the extension rod is used for measuring the spindle motion error in the direction vertical to the motion theoretical plane of the spindle of the multi-spindle machine tool. Therefore, the method and the device accurately measure the geometric error quantity which is perpendicular to the measuring plane and cannot be obtained by the measurement of the existing ball bar instrument on the basis of the measurement of the existing ball bar instrument, and are favorable for more accurately analyzing the cause of the error generated by the multi-axis machine tool.
2. The two ball bar instruments of the invention do not influence each other when working, but the synthesis of the measuring result can reflect the error of the multi-axis machine tool main shaft in the space three-dimensional direction. The two ball rod instruments rotate around the central shaft synchronously through the synchronous rotating piece to perform measurement, so that the moving rotating angles can be ensured to be accurate and the same when the high-speed feeding acceleration and deceleration are performed, namely, the acquired error data are derived from the same position point, the synthesis of a measurement trajectory diagram and the error identification of a multi-axis machine tool are more facilitated, and a theoretical basis is provided for the multi-axis machine tool to perform corresponding compensation.
3. The extension bar of the invention applies the lever principle to enlarge or reduce the error of the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool generated in the direction vertical to the movement plane, and rods with different lengths are additionally arranged between the extension bar and the first ball bar instrument to adjust the length proportion of two sides of the central shaft according to different detection fields, thereby enlarging or reducing the error in multiples and being beneficial to the high-precision detection of the ball bar instrument on the error.
4. The second ball rod instrument has the measuring effect of error amplification when measuring the main shaft motion error in the direction vertical to the motion theoretical plane of the main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool. Because the measured error is only the component of the expansion amount of the second ball arm instrument along the axial direction of the second ball arm instrument, the expansion amount of the second ball arm instrument is larger than the error amount according to the relation between the inclined side length and the right-angle side of the triangle, and the included angle between the axial direction of the second ball arm instrument and the spindle movement error of the machine tool in the direction perpendicular to the theoretical plane of the spindle movement of the multi-axis machine tool can be accurately calculated. Therefore, the invention is beneficial to the detection and identification of machine tool errors.
5. The invention is simple and reliable, can be suitable for installation and measurement at different angles, and can be directly popularized and applied on the basis of the measurement of the existing ball arm instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall assembly view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for measuring the spatial three-dimensional geometric error of a multi-axis machine tool;
FIG. 3 is an assembled cross-sectional view of the central shaft, base tool cup, dome and support of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a spindle tool cup; 2. a second precision ball; 3. a first ball arm instrument; 4. a first magnetic ball socket; 5. a central shaft; 6. a second flange bearing; 7. a dome; 8. a base tool cup; 9. fastening the pull rod; 10. a first bolt; 11. a second bolt; 12. a third precision ball; 13. a magnetic ball socket IV; 14. a ball arm instrument II; 15. a support; 16. a fourth precision ball; 17. a second magnetic ball socket; 18. lengthening a rod; 19. a load-bearing bar; 20. a magnetic ball socket III; 21. a first precision ball; 22. and a first flange bearing.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the machine tool spindle space by using the double-ball-bar instrument specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, a circular cover 7 is supported on a central shaft 5 through a flange bearing I22 and a flange bearing II 6, namely, an inner ring of the flange bearing I22 is sleeved outside the central shaft 5, the circular cover 7 is sleeved outside an outer ring of the flange bearing I22, an inner ring of the flange bearing II 6 is sleeved outside the central shaft 5, an outer ring of the flange bearing II 6 is arranged in the circular cover 7, and two ends of the circular cover 7 are axially limited by an outer ring of the flange bearing II 6 and an outer ring of the flange bearing I22 respectively; then, the external thread at the bottom of the magnetic ball socket I4 is connected with the threaded hole at the top of the central shaft 5. The external thread at the bottom of the central shaft 5 is connected with the threaded hole at the top of the base tool cup 8; finally, fixing the bracket 15 and the round cover 7 through a first bolt 10 and a nut; the bracket 15 and the round cover 7 form a synchronous rotating piece;
fixing the main shaft tool cup 1 on the main shaft at the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested, and fixing the base tool cup 8 on the workbench of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested through magnetic force adsorption;
step three, connecting the external threads of the second magnetic ball socket 17 and the third magnetic ball socket 20 with the threaded holes at two ends of the extension bar 18 respectively; connecting the external thread of the magnetic ball socket four 13 with the threaded hole at one end of the bearing rod 19, and connecting the threaded hole at the other end of the bearing rod 19 with the external thread at the bottom of the precision ball I21; secondly, calibrating the center distances of the magnetic ball socket II 17 and the magnetic ball socket III 20 at the two ends of the extension bar 18 and the center distances of the magnetic ball socket IV 13 and the precise ball I21 at the two ends of the bearing bar 19 respectively by using a ball bar instrument II;
step four, connecting a threaded hole at the non-sensitive end of the first ball bar instrument 3 with an external thread at the position, close to the third magnetic ball socket 20, of the extension bar 18, wherein the center of the second magnetic ball socket 17, the center of the third magnetic ball socket 20 and the center of the second precise ball 2 at the sensitive end of the first ball bar instrument 3 are located on the same straight line; adsorbing the precision ball I21 in the magnetic ball socket III 20, calibrating and calibrating the distance between the centers of the precision ball II 2 at the sensitive end of the first sphere rod instrument 3 and the precision ball I21 on the calibration block gauge, and recording the effective length L of the distance between the centers of the precision ball II 2 and the precision ball I21 after calibration1And the ball center distance error value x of the precision ball II 2 and the precision ball I21 measured by the ball bar instrument I30(ii) a Wherein, the distance between the centers of the two precise balls 2 and the first precise ball 21 is the distance between the centers of the two precise balls 2 and the three magnetic ball sockets 20.
Step five, embedding the middle part of the extension bar 18 into a clamping groove formed in the support 15, and adsorbing a precise ball I21 on the bearing bar 19 into a magnetic ball socket I4 at the top end of the central shaft 5 through magnetic force; then, fixing the middle part of the bearing rod 19 on the bracket 15 through a second bolt 11 and a nut; finally, adsorbing a precise ball II 2 at the sensitive end of the ball rod instrument I3 on the main shaft tool cup 1 through magnetic force;
step six, adsorbing a precise ball III 12 at the non-sensitive end of a second ball bar instrument 14 in a magnetic ball socket IV 13 on a bearing rod 19 through magnetic force, and adsorbing a precise ball IV 16 at the sensitive end of the second ball bar instrument 14 in a magnetic ball socket II 17 on an extension rod 18; then, connecting the club instrument acquisition systems of the first club instrument 3 and the second club instrument 14 with a processor;
step seven, the multi-axis machine tool to be tested is made to do circular interpolation motion, and the extension bar 18 and the bearing bar 19 do not move relative to the support 15 along the circumferential direction of the round cover 7, so that the first ball rod instrument 3 and the second ball rod instrument 14 are ensured to rotate by the same angle around the central axis of the central shaft 5 all the time; the ball bar instrument acquisition system of the ball bar instrument I3 acquires an output signal of the ball bar instrument I3 and sends the output signal to the processor, the ball bar instrument acquisition system of the ball bar instrument II 14 acquires an output signal of the ball bar instrument II 14 and sends the output signal to the processor, and the processor processes the output signal to obtain the motion error of the output end spindle of the multi-axis machine tool to be tested in the three-dimensional space direction.
As shown in fig. 2, the process of obtaining the motion error amount of the output spindle of the multi-axis machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction in space by the processor is as follows:
the effective length of the extension bar 18 is denoted L2The effective length of the bearing bar 19 is L3The effective length of the second ball arm instrument 14 is L4，L2The value of (1) is equal to the center distance L of the magnetic ball socket II 17 and the magnetic ball socket III 20 at the two ends of the calibrated extension bar 183The value of the magnetic ball socket is equal to the ball center distance between the magnetic ball socket four 13 and the precise ball one 21 at the two ends of the calibrated bearing rod 19; recording that the rod length expansion and contraction quantity detected by the first ball rod instrument 3 along the axial direction is delta L when the main shaft at the output end of the multi-axis machine tool to be detected does circular interpolation motion1The second cue instrument 14 detects that the length of the cue along the axial direction is extended or contracted by delta L4(ii) a Wherein, Δ L1Measured by a ball bar apparatus-3, as a known quantity,. DELTA.L4Measured by the second cue stick 14, is a known quantity.
The position of the center of the first precision ball 21 is marked as a point O, and the position of the center of the third precision ball 12 is marked as a point C; in the initial state, the position of the center of the second precision ball 2 is marked as point a, the position of the center of the fourth precision ball 16 is marked as point B, the included angle between the extension bar 18 and the second ball rod instrument 14 is marked as α, and the cosine theorem of the triangle is as follows:
Figure BDA0002713275840000071
namely:
Figure BDA0002713275840000072
the length y of the component of the second cue stick 14 in the direction perpendicular to the extension bar 181Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002713275840000073
arc interpolation is carried out to output end main shaft of multi-shaft machine tool to be measuredWhen in sports, the position of the center of the second precision ball 2 is marked as a point A1The position of the center of the precision ball four 16 is marked as point B1The included angle between the extension bar 18 and the second cue instrument 14 is beta, and the cosine theorem of the triangle is as follows:
Figure BDA0002713275840000081
namely:
Figure BDA0002713275840000082
the length y of the component of the second cue instrument 14 in the direction perpendicular to the extension rod2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002713275840000083
therefore, the variation of the length of the second cue instrument 14 in the direction perpendicular to the extension rod is:
Figure BDA0002713275840000084
since the extension bar 18 is a lever with the center of the magnetic ball socket 20 as the fulcrum, h is2An error value h generated corresponding to the direction of the output end main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to be measured in the direction vertical to a theoretical motion plane (a plane where the output end main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to be measured does circular interpolation motion when the motion error is not considered)1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002713275840000085
namely:
Figure BDA0002713275840000086
and the motion error of the main shaft of the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured, which is measured by the ball bar instrument I3, along the axial direction of the ball bar instrument I3 is measuredSolving the two-dimensional error parallel to the theoretical motion plane and combining the error value h1And then the motion error quantity of the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction of the space is obtained.
The measurement of the ball bar instrument I3 is completely the same as that of the traditional ball bar instrument (the error of the main shaft of the output end of the multi-axis machine tool to be measured in the theoretical motion plane along the arc radius direction can be measured and can be decomposed into a two-dimensional error parallel to the theoretical motion plane); the ball bar instrument acquisition system can be adjusted to acquire data according to the feed rate of the to-be-detected multi-axis machine tool for circular interpolation motion, namely, the ball bar instrument acquisition system acquires data once when the main shaft of the output end of the to-be-detected multi-axis machine tool rotates for a certain angle around the central rotation axis, so that an error circular track diagram of the to-be-detected multi-axis machine tool for circular interpolation motion can be mapped finally. In addition, the first ball bar instrument 3 and the second ball bar instrument 14 synchronously rotate around the central axis of the central shaft 5 through the support 15, so that the first ball bar instrument 3 and the second ball bar instrument 14 always rotate around the central axis of the central shaft 5 by the same angle, data collected by ball bar instrument collecting systems of the first ball bar instrument 3 and the second ball bar instrument 14 always come from the same position point where the main shaft of the output end of the multi-axis machine tool to be tested is located, and therefore an error value h is obtained1And the data acquired by the ball arm instrument I3 at the corresponding position points are also sequentially superposed according to the sequence of the position points, and finally the motion error quantity of the main shaft of the output end of the multi-axis machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction of the space is obtained. Therefore, the method can simply, quickly, accurately and effectively measure the motion error quantity of the main shaft at the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool in the three-dimensional direction of the space, which cannot be detected by the traditional single ball rod instrument.
In a preferred embodiment, the material of the extension bar 18, the bearing bar 19, the central shaft 5, the round cover 7 and the support 15 is invar with low thermal expansion coefficient and certain rigidity.
In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic ball socket I4, the magnetic ball socket II 17, the magnetic ball socket III 20 and the magnetic ball socket IV 13 are all three-point support type magnetic ball sockets; a positioning ring is fixed in the three-point support type magnetic ball socket and is provided with three supporting blocks which are integrally formed and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
As a preferred embodiment, the following steps are also carried out after the step two: placing an adjusting ball on a magnetic ball socket I4 on the central shaft 5, and adjusting a fastening pull rod 9 of a base tool cup 8 to a loosening state; then moving the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested to a position h right above the adjusting ball, wherein the value of h is within the range of 0.3-1 cm, and increasing the central shaft 5 to enable the adjusting ball to be adsorbed to the main shaft tool cup 1 under the action of magnetic force; after the central shaft 5 rotates for two circles, the fastening pull rod 9 of the base tool cup 8 is tightened, and the current position of the output end spindle of the multi-axis machine tool to be measured is recorded as the original point of a measurement coordinate; then, lifting the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured by 3-5 cm, taking down the adjusting ball, and moving the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured to the original point position of the measurement coordinate again; and finally, horizontally translating the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested to a preset position to be tested.

Claims (5)

1. The method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the machine tool spindle space by using the double-ball bar instrument is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, supporting a round cover on a central shaft through a flange bearing I and a flange bearing II; then, connecting an external thread at the bottom of the magnetic ball socket with a threaded hole at the top of the central shaft, and connecting the external thread at the bottom of the central shaft with a threaded hole at the top of the base tool cup; finally, fixing the bracket and the round cover;
fixing a main shaft tool cup on a main shaft at the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested, and fixing a base tool cup on a workbench of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested through magnetic force adsorption;
step three, respectively connecting external threads of the magnetic ball socket II and the magnetic ball socket III with threaded holes at two ends of the lengthening rod; connecting the external thread of the magnetic ball socket IV with the threaded hole at one end of the bearing rod, and connecting the threaded hole at the other end of the bearing rod with the external thread at the bottom of the precision ball I; secondly, calibrating the ball center distances of a second magnetic ball socket and a third magnetic ball socket at two ends of the lengthening rod, and the ball center distances of a fourth magnetic ball socket and a first precise ball at two ends of the bearing rod respectively by using a ball rod instrument II;
step four, the threaded hole at the second end part of the ball rod instrument and the extension bar are arranged at the three positions close to the magnetic ball socketThe external thread is connected, and at the moment, the spherical center of the magnetic ball socket II, the spherical center of the magnetic ball socket III and the spherical center of the precise ball socket II at the first end part of the ball bar instrument are positioned on the same straight line; absorbing the precise ball in the magnetic ball socket III, calibrating and calibrating the distance between the centers of the precise ball II at the first end of the first sphere rod instrument and the precise ball I on the calibration block gauge, and recording the effective length L of the distance between the centers of the precise ball II and the precise ball I after calibration1；
Step five, embedding the middle part of the extension bar into a clamping groove formed in the support, and adsorbing a first precision ball on the bearing bar into a first magnetic ball socket at the top end of the central shaft through magnetic force; then, fixing the middle part of the bearing rod on the bracket; finally, adsorbing the precision ball II at the first end of the ball arm instrument on the main shaft tool cup through magnetic force;
step six, adsorbing the precise ball tee at the second end part of the ball bar instrument in a magnetic ball socket IV on the bearing rod through magnetic force, and adsorbing the precise ball IV at the first end part of the ball bar instrument in a magnetic ball socket II on the extension rod; then, connecting the ball rod instrument acquisition systems of the ball rod instrument I and the ball rod instrument II with a processor;
and seventhly, enabling the multi-axis machine tool to be tested to do circular interpolation motion, acquiring an output signal of the ball rod instrument I by a ball rod instrument acquisition system of the ball rod instrument I to be sent to a processor, acquiring an output signal of the ball rod instrument II by a ball rod instrument acquisition system of the ball rod instrument II to be sent to the processor, and obtaining the motion error of the output end main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to be tested in the three-dimensional direction after the processor processes the output signal of the ball rod instrument II.
2. The method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the spindle space of the machine tool by using the double-ball bar instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the process of obtaining the motion error quantity of the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction of the space by the processor is as follows:
the effective length of the extension bar is marked as L2The effective length of the bearing bar is L3The effective length of the second ball arm instrument is L4，L2The value of (A) is equal to the ball center distance L of the magnetic ball socket II and the magnetic ball socket III at the two ends of the calibrated extension bar3Is equal to the magnetism of the two ends of the calibrated bearing rodThe distance between the ball socket four and the ball center of the precision ball I; recording that the club instrument detects that the rod length expansion and contraction along the axial direction is delta L when the main shaft at the output end of the multi-axis machine tool to be tested does circular interpolation motion1The second ball arm detects that the length of the second ball arm along the axial direction is extended or contracted by delta L4；
In the initial state, the included angle between the extension bar and the second ball rod instrument is recorded as alpha, and the cosine theorem of the triangle is as follows:
Figure FDA0003236597140000021
namely:
Figure FDA0003236597140000022
the component length y of the second ball arm instrument in the direction vertical to the extension rod1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003236597140000023
when the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested does circular interpolation motion, the included angle between the extension bar and the second ball rod instrument is recorded as beta, and the cosine theorem of the triangle is as follows:
Figure FDA0003236597140000024
namely:
Figure FDA0003236597140000025
the component length y of the second ball arm instrument in the direction vertical to the extension rod2Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003236597140000026
therefore, the variation of the component length of the second cue instrument in the direction vertical to the extension rod is as follows:
Figure FDA0003236597140000031
the lengthening bar is a lever taking the sphere center of the magnetic ball socket III as a fulcrum, so h2An error value h generated in a direction vertical to a theoretical motion plane corresponding to the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003236597140000032
namely:
Figure FDA0003236597140000033
the motion error quantity of the main shaft of the output end of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured along the axial direction of the ball bar instrument is decomposed into two-dimensional errors parallel to the theoretical motion plane, and then the error value h is combined1And then the motion error quantity of the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured in the three-dimensional direction of the space is obtained.
3. The method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the spindle space of the machine tool by using the double-ball bar machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the extension bar, the bearing bar, the central shaft, the round cover and the support are made of invar steel.
4. The method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the spindle space of the machine tool by using the double-ball bar machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the magnetic ball socket I, the magnetic ball socket II, the magnetic ball socket III and the magnetic ball socket IV are all three-point support type magnetic ball sockets; the three-point supporting type magnetic ball socket is internally fixed with a positioning ring, and the positioning ring is provided with three supporting blocks which are integrally formed and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
5. The method for measuring the three-dimensional error of the spindle space of the machine tool by using the double-ball bar instrument as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the second step is followed by the following steps: placing an adjusting ball on a magnetic ball socket I on the central shaft, and adjusting a fastening pull rod of the base tool cup to a loosening state; then moving the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested to a position h right above the adjusting ball, wherein the value of h is within the range of 0.3-1 cm, and the central shaft is increased, so that the adjusting ball is adsorbed to the main shaft tool cup under the action of magnetic force; after the central shaft rotates for two circles, a fastening pull rod of the base tool cup is tightened, and the current position of the output end spindle of the multi-spindle machine tool to be measured is recorded as the original point of a measurement coordinate; then, lifting the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured by 3-5 cm, taking down the adjusting ball, and moving the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be measured to the original point position of the measurement coordinate again; and finally, horizontally translating the output end main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool to be tested to a preset position to be tested.
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