CN112189603A - 一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统 - Google Patents
一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统,其特征是由若干个独立的配有气提式增氧推水设备并种有轮叶黑藻和伊乐藻等水生植物的内循环河蟹养殖池塘和配有若干块生物湿地以处理池塘进排水的外循环湿地系统组成,整个河蟹养殖过程进出水形成零排放和内外双循环。本发明结构简单,易于实现,使用效果既环保又能增加显著经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生态河蟹养殖技术,具体来说是一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统
背景技术
当前河蟹养殖通过进出水泵进行养殖用水的水位控制,但是养殖期内塘内的水体没有流动。这种“死水”状态对水体环境和河蟹生长存在诸多弊端,本模式将养殖池塘进行分区,利用水动力设备实现水体有序流动,设置净化动植物及设施进行水体净化,实现“活水”养蟹,能够显著改善水体环境,促进河蟹生长
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的河蟹养殖池塘功能单一,不能实现水体自洁而造成用水量大,尾水又会产生环境污染,设计一种基于湿地原理和气提推水设备共同组成的。
本发明的技术方案是:
在蟹塘中通过设计水位差,形成优质水由高到低自然流淌扩散,形成活水养蟹区,该区域面积占到整个池塘面积的90%左右;在活水养蟹区的下游通过生态拦截屏障,拦截、沉淀净化活水养蟹区水体中的粪便等颗粒物,再自流进入水草种养净化区,种植合适的沉水、挺水植物吸收蟹塘中的养分从而净化水质,并以气提装置将净化后的水再次提升到蟹塘上游,并进行消毒处理,形成消毒循环区、活水养蟹区、种养净化区的内循环系统。另外,对于蟹塘中的活水养蟹区,某些时段局部水体上下层溶解氧会出现分层现象,下层溶解氧较低,不利于河蟹及水草的生长。利用温度及多元水质传感器监控不同水层的温度及溶解氧等水质参数,利用水射器或者水泵推动局部分层的水体,形成垂直对流,均衡上下层的溶解氧,保障河蟹及水草正常生长。
在整个养殖过程结束后的尾水,可通过排入尾水净化湿地、调节净化湿地和进水净化湿地进行尾水净化处理后进行养殖尾水的再利用,做到整个河蟹养殖系统的“零排放”。
通过软围隔将池塘分区。10%-15%作为回水区,主要进行水体净化,85%-90%作为养殖区。
利用气提推水装置作为推水的动力系统,水体流动顺为:经气提推水装置进入养殖区,由生态拦截屏障流出,经回水渠净化流回到气提推水装置实现水体净化循环。
在养殖区的末端,设置生态拦截屏障,过滤水体杂质。
回水渠内布置活性炭、水生动植物进行水质净化。
本发明通过所种植的水草和内循环气提推水设备,能大大节约养殖用水量,不会对环境造成二次污染。
实验证明,本发明的养殖排放水总氮含量均小于5.0mg/L(二级排放标准),总磷含量排放均小于3.0mg/L(一级排放标准),基本上实现了养殖尾水的零排放。
附图说明
图1是本发明的系统工艺布置图;
图2是单个自净式池塘内循环组成示意图;
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的使用作进一步说明。
以若干个30亩池塘为例,
蟹塘预处理:在每年收获河蟹收获后排干塘水,彻底清塘,使池底充分暴晒。土质瘦的池塘应适当补充些有机肥。
蟹种放养:这是确保养殖成功的关键。应根据需要培育出蟹种规格在每千克200-250只的蟹种。蟹种放养密度为每亩500-600只,雌雄比为2:3,放养时间为每年2—3月。
水草培育:首先在秋冬季节向水中移植水草如轮叶黑藻、伊乐藻、金鱼藻等,移植的水草在水中发育生长扩大至池塘的一半,对于冬季水草生长不好的池塘,第二年春季补种伊乐藻,以确保池塘内水草覆盖率达到65%以上。
螺蛳的移入3、4月份向池塘内移植螺蛳、蚬等小型软体动物,投放量为每亩100-200千克。
池塘水质管理整个成蟹养殖阶段要求水深控制在0.8—1.5米之间,高温季节控制在水深1.6米,水的pH值应控制在7.5-8.0之间,透明度为0.8米。夏季应保证每个塘的内循环环绕池塘12个小时水流可以循环一圈。值班人员随时检查池塘水循环运行状况,根据池塘水质状况进行应对处理。整个养殖其间,5月份每10天加清水一次,6—8月份每3天加清水水一次,9月份后每周加水一次,实际加水量应根据天气情况、池塘pH和氨氮等指标进行调整,确保养殖期间pH值应控制在7.5-8.0、溶解氧在6mg/L以上、氨氮在0.2—0.3mg/L之间。
饲料投喂:在养殖期间以投喂河蟹配合饲料为主,配合饲料能满足河蟹生长对各种营养素的日需求,水草和螺蛳只是一个补充天然饵料来源,在养殖后期,根据市场需要补充一些冰鲜鱼和玉米,投喂前应进行熟化切碎处理。每日投喂量以池塘内蟹种实际重量的3—8%为基准。
产量情况:以池塘30亩为例,从9月26日至11月底为止共收获2128千克,亩产73.3千克,收获平均规格60%为雄240—250克/只,雌180—185克/只,以售出河蟹平均售价65元/千克计算,产出价格为138320元,每亩毛收入为4764.5元,这还未计入套养的滤食性鱼类花白鲢的收入,
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统,其特征是由若干个独立的配有气提式增氧推水设备并种有轮叶黑藻和伊乐藻等水草的内循环河蟹养殖池塘和配有若干块生物湿地以处理池塘进排水的外循环湿地系统组成,系统循环示意图见图1。所述的河蟹养殖池塘由气提式增氧推水机、软围隔、生态拦截屏障以及水生植物和水生动物组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统,其特征是所述的增氧机为气提式增氧机系统,具有增氧和推水的双重功能,其主要部件和材料由鼓风机、增氧格、通气管路和玻璃钢组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种自净式内外双循环河蟹生态养殖系统,其特征在于进入河蟹池塘的水为人工湿地进行多级处理后达到渔业水质标准的水,排出的水可经过人工湿地多级处理后进入河蟹养殖池塘循环利用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于河蟹内循环池塘内配有生态拦截屏障,能在维持水流正常交换的情况下,大大减缓污染源对水体环境的影响。
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