CN101331860A - 一种养殖黄鳝的方法和装置 - Google Patents
一种养殖黄鳝的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101331860A CN101331860A CNA2008101069672A CN200810106967A CN101331860A CN 101331860 A CN101331860 A CN 101331860A CN A2008101069672 A CNA2008101069672 A CN A2008101069672A CN 200810106967 A CN200810106967 A CN 200810106967A CN 101331860 A CN101331860 A CN 101331860A
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- water
- swamp eel
- pond
- swamp
- pool
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- 241001208462 Ophisternon bengalense Species 0.000 title claims description 3
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
一种养殖黄鳝的方法和装置，属于农业养殖技术领域，用以解决黄鳝在非自然条件下进行工厂化高密度养殖的问题。其技术方案为：在避光的室内设置立体多层、小面积可控水位的组合式养殖水池，根据黄鳝的生活习性和最佳生长环境条件要求配置水源、水质条件、放养密度和饵料配比进行养殖。同时将立体组合式养殖池、过滤池、沉淀池、充氧池、定量泵、消毒器和恒温器等构成一封闭的水循环系统。并在循环中解决高密度养殖条件下的供水、过滤、沉淀、消毒、恒温、恒流、充氧和排污等问题。应用本发明所述的方法和装置，可以不受季节气候影响全天候养殖黄鳝，使黄鳝这一名优特种水产实现大规模工厂化养殖生产。
Description
一种养殖黄鳝的方法和装置 技术领域本发明涉及一种养殖黄鳝的方法和装置，属于农业养殖技术领域。 背景技术目前黄鳝的生产方式除野生外，人工养殖主要有水面挂设网箱、土池 和水泥池等方式进行季节性养殖。所有方式都同样存在占用水体大、饵料 系数高、单位面积产出量低、受季节限制养殖周期短、冬季自然减重大、污染水质和发病率高等诸多问题。CN1418540公开的是一种室外黄鳝生态 网箱养殖的方法，采用在养殖池中进行网箱养殖黄鳝，这种方法，无法保 证池中水的温度，尤其是冬天低温季节。CN1463589公开的是一种用无土 小池养殖黄鳝的方法，这种方法同样是在养殖池中进行养殖，水是死水， 水温也无法调节。CN101095402公开的是一种黄鳝的生态养殖方法，这种 方法是在池塘中圈养，同样无法解决冬天养殖黄鳝所需的水温问题。 CN2335371公开的是一种黄鳝工厂化养殖设备，它能够流动水体，并能给 水体增氧消毒、防浊，但仍未解决养殖水的水温调节问题。 发明内容本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种全新的室内全天候工厂化、恒 温恒流、封闭水循环、高密度养殖黄鳝的方法以及满足上述养殖黄鳍方法 的专用装置。这是一种利用淡水资源在室内的组合式立体养殖系统中养殖黄鳝的方法。这种方法对养殖水源、水质条件、放养密度和饲料配比的要求分别为： 1、养殖水源：使用无污染的地下井水、地表水或去氯自来水，无色无 味，透明清澈；2、 水质条件水温：26—28°C; PH值：6. 5_7. 5;溶解氧：> 5. 5mg/l;氨态氮：《0.04mg/l;亚硝酸盐：《0,03mg/l;硫化氢：《0.03mg/l3、 放养密度黄鳝苗(10g/尾以下）:300尾/m2;幼黄鳝(50g/尾）:180尾/nf;成 黄鳝（150g/尾）90尾/m24、 饵料配比鱼粉：45—60% ; 淀粉：15—25% ;骨粉：5-15% ; 鱼油： 5-8%;豆粉：12—20%;添加剂：1. 2—5%其中：粗蛋白质含量为35%—42%实现这种养殖方法的装置是组合式立体养殖系统。该养殖系统由组合式立体定量泵（1)、消毒器（2)、调温器（3)、进 水主管（4)、进水分管（5)、排污阀（6)、养殖水池（7)、摇头溢流管（8)、 排水分管（9)、排水主管（10)、排污管（11)、滤层（12)、过滤池（13)、 溢流管（14)、沉淀池（15)、溢流管（16)、充氧池（17)、贮水池（18)、 充氧机（19)、水源（20)、支架（21)等组成封闭的水循环系统。养殖水循环过程是：由定量泵（1)将充氧池（17)中的净水压送经消毒器（2)和调温器 (3)进行水温调控后通过主进水管（4)、进水分管（5)进入组合式立体 养殖池的各养殖水池（7);组合式立体养殖池中的水经控制水位的活动摇 头管（8)溢出并串联至相邻水池，然后由排水管分管（9)和排水总管（10) 排出，经多层滤料（12)过滤掉残饵和黄鳝排泄物等污物后进入过滤池（13); 经过滤后的水溢流进入沉淀池（15)，沉淀后的水溢流进入充氧池（17)，进入充氧池的水经充氧机强制充氧后再进入新的一轮循环。组合式立体养殖水池，是由在纵、横两个方向排列和布置的多个长方 形浅水池组合而成，视产出要求设定纵横两个方向的长度与高度，并可多 组排列。组合式立体养殖水池由多个长方形小面积浅水池组成，养殖水池 中的水体控制一定的流速。调温器出来的清水由进水主管和分管进入各层 水池。各养殖水池中水位控制在一定的高度，可通过旋转摇头溢流管来调 节水池水位的高低，高于溢流管口的水将通过溢流管流入下一个水池。溢 出水以串联方式依次进入相邻水池，然后经排水分管和排水主管至过滤池。 摇头管的两端安有金属防逃网，可阻止黄鳝从摇头管窜入下一个水池。在组合式立体养殖水池单个小面积浅水池底部设有排污阀门，排污阀 门与排污管相连用以定时排出各池污物直接进入过滤池。排污阀门为设有 防逃装置的手动阀门，防止黄鳝逃逸。整个养殖系统所需的备换用水由贮水池提供。换水时必须预先将贮水 池中备换水的水温调整至要求温度。即由定量泵将水经消毒器压入恒温器 后再返回贮水池，循环往复直至达到要求温度后再进入组合式立体养殖水 池正常循环。黄鳝养殖的日投饵次数为1—4次，根据黄鳝体重投饵率为3-6%。投饵率随个体的增大而增加。黄鳝在养殖过程中必须定期筛选分级，将相同规格的黄鳝按养殖密度要求放在同 一水池中饲养。上述的黄鳝养殖方法，所述的全部设置都安装在避光的室内。 采用本发明提供的养殖装置，可以在室内封闭的循环系统中满足黄鳝生长的最佳条件，配以优质绿色饵料，保证黄鳝的成活率、增重率和绿色品质，从而获得良好的经济、环保和社会效益。本发明的方法，可以在我国的所有地区推广实施室内工厂化养殖黄鳝 的技术，使得黄鳝这一具有高度经济和药理价值的名优水产品实现全天候 高密度养殖，最大限度的节约水资源和提高产出率，以满足广大消费者不 断增长的需求。图l为组合立体养殖系统示意图：1、定量泵；2、消毒器；3、调温器 (水空调）；4、进水主管；5、进水分管；6、排污阀；7、养殖水池；8、 摇头溢流管；9、排水分管；10、排水主管；11、排污管；12、滤层；13、 过滤池；14、溢流管；15、沉淀池；16、溢流管；17、充氧池；18、贮水 池；19、充氧机；20、水源；21、支架图2为活动摇管结构图：1、隔板；2、防逃网套；3、并帽；4、摇头溢流管具体实施方式图1为组合立体养殖系统养殖黄鳝的实施例。具体实施方法如下： 本实施例养殖用水可用深井水、地表水或去氯自来水作为养殖水源。要求水质无污染，无色无眛且清澈透明，ph值6.5—7.5。达到国家淡水鱼 养殖用水标准，在实际循环使用时如水质不能满足时，可采用部分或全部 换水的方法解决。本实施例的养殖环境要求全部养殖装置均在室内，可以是简易厂房或 塑料大棚，但要求具备隔温避光功能。并设有通风换气装置。本实施例的水体循环过程为，经过滤、沉淀、充氧的水由定量泵提升 并消毒后进至专用调温器中调温达到26—28°C，再分别进至组合式立体养 殖水池供黄鳝生长。每层小面积浅水池由两端安有防逃网的活动摇管控制附图说明水位，超过摇头溢流管口的水从溢流管排入相邻水池。脏水由排水管经滤 层进入过滤池，经过滤沉淀充氧消毒后再进入循环。在每个小面积浅水池 的底部都安装有排污阀门，由排污管与排水管相连接用以定期排除残馎及 黄鳝的排泄物。养殖水体中的溶氧量应^5.5 mg/1，由于处在全封闭循环状态，故必 须进行强制充氧，用充氧机在充氧池中进行。 根据黄鳝的不同规格而定， 一般为：黄鳝苗：10g/尾 300尾/m2 幼黄鳝：50g/尾 180尾/m2 成黄鳝：150g/尾 88尾/m2 黄鳝属于肉食性鱼类，在野生条件下主要以小鱼虾为食，人工养殖黄 鳝的馆料应具备与之相适应的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质和维生素等科学组份，以满足黄鳝的生长需求。黄鳝饵料配比如下：鱼粉：45—60%,淀粉： 15—25%，骨粉：5-15%，鱼油：5-8%，豆粉：12—20%,添加剂：1.2--5%;其中：粗蛋白质含量为36—38%。黄鳝养殖的投饵次数和比例为每日投饵l一4次，投饵比例按黄鳝个体 重量的3—6%投喂。在养殖过程中黄鳝会因体质强弱出现规格不齐，大小个体悬殊过大时会发生互残现象。因此必须定期进行筛选分级，将相同规 格的放同一池中饲养，以利黄鳝的均匀生长。黄鳝主要疾病为细菌性皮肤病和肠道疾病。因此对苗种入池前须做挑 选和消毒处理。同时保持水质良好，使用优质饵料，并经常对水体及各类 水池进行消毒，以避免疾病的发生和传染。
Claims (4)
1、一种养殖黄鳝的方法和装置，其特征在于利用淡水资源在室内的组合式立体养殖装置中，按以下方法对黄鳝进行养殖：水质条件：水温26-28℃，PH值6.5-7.5，溶解氧≥5.5mg/l，氨态氮≤0.04mg/l，亚硝酸盐≤0.03mg/l，硫化氢≤0.03mg/l；放养密度：黄鳝种苗(10g/尾以下)300尾/m2，幼黄鳝(50g/尾)180尾/m2，成黄鳝(150g/尾)90尾/m2；饵料配比：鱼粉45-60％，淀粉15-25％，骨粉5-15％，鱼油5-8％，豆粉12-20％，添加剂1.2-5％，饵料粗蛋白质含量为35％-42％。
2、 根据权力要求1所述的黄鳝养殖方法，其特征在于，所述黄鳝养殖 的曰投佴次数为l一4次，根据黄鳝体重投饵率为3—6%;黄鳝在养殖过程 中必须定期筛选分级，按放养密度将相同规格的黄鳝归类词养。
3、 根据权利要求l所述的组合式养殖装置，其特征在于该养殖装置由 组合式立体养殖水池（7)、过滤池（13)、沉淀池（15)、充氧池（17)、定 量泵（1)、消毒器（2)、调温器（3)等组成封闭的水循环系统，养殖水体 经充氧、消毒、调温循环流动；全部装置均处于避光的环境之中。
4、 根据权力要求3所述的组合式立体养殖水池，其特征在于：组合式 立体养殖水池是由多个长方形小面积浅水池组成；由两端安有防逃网的活 动摇头管溢流控制池中水位的高低。
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