CN112186364B - Method for realizing compact multilayer transmitting-receiving antenna device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing a compact multilayer transceiving antenna device, which is characterized in that the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device realized by the method comprises three metal layers, wherein two dielectric plates are arranged between the three metal layers; the top metal layer is an antenna array layer (100); the middle metal layer is a metal ground layer (110), and one side of the metal ground layer (110) is provided with a plurality of slotted gaps (51, 52, 53, - - -, 5 n) which are arranged according to a certain set position; the bottom metal layer (120) is an electromagnetic lens (130); the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device realized by the method can form radiation beams in different directions, realize electronic scanning, and can be used in scenes such as 5G and 6G millimeter wave communication, millimeter wave satellite communication, millimeter wave radar and the like; compared with the traditional scheme, the technical scheme of the invention can be connected with a larger-scale antenna array due to the reduction of the wiring density and the length of the microstrip connecting line or the substrate integrated waveguide, and has the advantages of small volume, compact structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compact multilayer transceiving antenna device based on a Rotman electromagnetic lens and a realization method thereof, which can reduce the antenna aperture of the traditional Rotman electromagnetic lens antenna array by nearly half and reduce the cost; meanwhile, the length of a lens transmission line is reduced, and the path loss is reduced, which is particularly important for high-frequency communication in a frequency band above millimeter waves; due to the fact that the length of the lens transmission line is reduced, the density of the lens transmission line is reduced, compared with a traditional single-medium-layer Rotman electromagnetic lens antenna array, the number of lines of the lens transmission line can be increased, the number of antenna arrays can be increased, the traditional Rotman electromagnetic lens antenna array is difficult to realize more than 20 paths of antenna arrays, the existing implementation method of the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device can realize 42 paths of antenna arrays or even more, and the implementation method is particularly important for improving the communication distance and the spatial resolution of millimeter wave mobile communication, millimeter wave radar and satellite communication.
Therefore, the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device based on the Rotman electromagnetic lens has the advantages of small area, low cost, high gain, narrow beam and the like, and can be applied to scenes such as 5G and 6G millimeter waves, low-frequency terahertz communication, high-resolution millimeter wave radars and the like.
Background
The mobile communication technology is developed to the fifth generation (5G), the millimeter wave communication technology becomes the key technology of the 5G and the sixth generation mobile communication technology 6G, and the millimeter wave technology of 5G has the characteristics of large broadband, low time delay, large uplink bandwidth, high spatial resolution and the like, so that the millimeter wave and terahertz technology has an excellent application prospect in application scenes such as a high-capacity hot spot of 5G, an industrial intelligent network, a vehicle networking, spatial positioning and the like, and thus, the millimeter wave and terahertz technology is researched as a most promising technology in countries of europe and america. The millimeter wave has the defects that the space transmission loss is large, the path loss is compensated only by high antenna gain provided by a large-scale antenna array, but the problem of coverage is caused by narrower radiation beams brought by the large-scale antenna array, and the problem is solved by realizing multi-beam electric scanning through the phased antenna array for phased electric scanning. The Rotman electromagnetic lens antenna array has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption and the like, and the provided scannable multi-beam function has bright prospect in the fields of 5G millimeter wave communication, millimeter wave radar and the like.
In the millimeter wave technology field, europe and America countries, especially the United states, research and development of layout are started before ten years, but China starts late in this respect, how to break through technical blockade and containment of foreign countries, grasp research and development and patent layout in this respect, and have urgent practical significance for China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing a compact multilayer transceiving antenna device; the method can reduce the antenna aperture of the traditional Rotman electromagnetic lens antenna array by nearly half, so the application scene is richer, the cost is reduced, and the number of lines of the lens transmission line can be increased more because the length of the lens transmission line is reduced and the path loss is reduced, so the number of the antenna array can be greatly increased compared with the traditional Rotman electromagnetic lens antenna array, and the method is a novel implementation method of the multi-beam compact electromagnetic lens antenna array.
According to the invention, the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device realized by the method is formed by closely attaching two layers of PCB boards, wherein three metal layers are arranged, two dielectric plates are arranged between the three metal layers, and one sides of the three metal layers are aligned; the top metal layer is an antenna array layer 100, and the antenna array layer 100 is composed of a plurality of layersArray of column antennas 1, 2, 3, - - -, n; the middle metal layer is a metal ground layer, and one side of the metal ground layer is provided with a plurality of slotted gaps 1, 2, 3, - - -, n which are arranged according to a certain set position; the bottom metal layer is an electromagnetic lens with a phase shifting function; electromagnetic signals are input from one port of each beam forming input end 1, 2, 3, - - - -, m of the electromagnetic lens, the phase of the electromagnetic signals is adjusted by the electromagnetic lens and flows out from each port of the antenna array input ports 1, 2, 3, - - -, n; in order to enable the antenna arrays 1, 2, 3, - - -, n to be shaped by wave beams, electromagnetic signal flows through the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n of the signal branches 1, 2, 3, - - - - -, n, the horizontal microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - - -, n, the slotted slots 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - -, n on the metal ground layer of the middle layer are coupled to the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n at the front ends of the first units of the antenna array layers at the top layer, and then the electromagnetic signal phases are ensured not to be changed after the microstrip lines reach the first antenna units 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n of the antenna arrays 1, 2, 3, - - - - -, n; the mutual positions of each slotted gap 1, 2, 3, - - -, n on the metal stratum are skillfully adjusted, so that the phase delay or the line length of each signal branch 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n is determined, and the phase of the electromagnetic signal is ensured not to change after flowing through the path; the mutual position relation among the slotted gaps 1, 2, 3, minus and n on the metal stratum is determined by the following method, the length of the x-th microstrip line x and the x-1-th microstrip line x-1 on the electromagnetic lens is set to be Lx and L (x-1), x is an integer and x is more than 1, the distance between the x-th slotted gap x and the x-1-th slotted gap x-1 on the metal stratum is Gx-1, the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device is a vertically symmetrical structure taking the horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens as symmetry, and for the upper half part, the value of Gx-1 meets the condition that Gx-1 is equal to or approximately equal to that of the upper half part
For the lower half, the value of Gx-1 satisfies that Gx-1 is equal or approximately equal to
According to the invention, the mutual positions of the slotted slots 1, 2, 3, -n and n on the metal ground layer are determined by the following method,
designing a proper size of the electromagnetic lens according to the electromagnetic signal frequency and the beam performance, determining the spacing and the position among the antenna arrays 1, 2, 3, - - -, n according to the electromagnetic signal wavelength of 0.5-0.7 lambda, and longitudinally aligning each antenna unit of the antenna arrays 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n on the antenna array layer; the initial position of each microstrip line 1, 2, 3, - - -, n on the electromagnetic lens is determined by the position of the antenna array input end 1, 2, 3, - - -, n of the electromagnetic lens connected with the microstrip line, and the horizontal central line of the tail end of each microstrip line is aligned with and connected with the horizontal central line of the horizontal microstrip line 1, 2 42, 343, - - - - - - -, n 4 n; then properly designing the lengths of the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n; since the vertical distance between the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - -, n at the front end of the first unit on the antenna array layer is already determined, and the slotted gaps 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n are aligned with the horizontal central lines between the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - - -, n at the front end of the first unit, the mutual horizontal positions between the slotted gaps 1, 2, 3, - - - - -, n are only required to be determined according to the delay or the line length of the signals of the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - - -, n of the electromagnetic lens, and the lengths of the horizontal microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - -, n aligned with the horizontal central lines are also obtained; the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device is a vertically symmetrical structure taking the horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens as symmetry, can determine all positions by only calculating the positions of slotted gaps of the upper half part or the lower half part,
for the upper half part, determining the position of the slotted slot 1 according to the positions of the antenna array 1, the microstrip line 1 at the front end of the first unit and the horizontal microstrip line 1; setting the center distance between the slotting gap 2 and the slotting gap 1 as G1, determining the position of the slotting gap 2 according to G1, G1 is approximately equal to the value obtained by subtracting the length value of the microstrip line 2 from the length value of the microstrip line 1 and then dividing the value by two, and the value of the central position of the slotted slot 2 deviating from the central position of the slotted slot 1 is the value G1; the center-to-center distance between the slotting gap 3 and the slotting gap 2 is set as G2, the position of the slotting gap 3 is determined according to G2, G2 is approximately equal to the value obtained by subtracting the length value of the microstrip line 3 from the length value of the microstrip line 2 and then dividing the value by two, and the value of the central position of the slotted slot 3 deviating from the central position of the slotted slot 2 is the value G2; the center-to-center distance between the slotting gap 4 and the slotting gap 3 is set as G3, the position of the slotting gap 4 is determined according to G3, G3 is approximately equal to the value obtained by subtracting the length value of the microstrip line 4 from the length value of the microstrip line 3 and then dividing the value by two, and the value of the central position of the slotted slot 4 deviating from the central position of the slotted slot 3 is the value G3; and so on, the position of the rear slotting gap is determined,
when the value of n is even number, the last slot gap of the upper half part of the corresponding electromagnetic lens is horizontally symmetrical
Slotted gap
And slotted gap
Is set to
Approximately equal to microstrip line
Length value subtraction microstrip line
Dividing the length value of (1) by two, and slotting the gap
Center position deviating from the slot gap
The value of the center position is
A value size; because the electromagnetic lens is symmetrical by taking a horizontal center line as a symmetry line, the lower half part of the horizontal symmetry of the electromagnetic lens is provided with the slotted gaps n, n-1, n-2 and-,
Positions, each center-to-center distance Gn-1, gn-2, - - - - -, C,
The calculation can be carried out according to the lower half formula by the method, or the horizontal central lines of all the slotted electromagnetic lenses of the upper half part can be obtained by mirror symmetry;
when the value of n is odd, the last slotted gap of the upper half part of the corresponding electromagnetic lens is horizontally symmetrical
Slotted web gap
And slotted gap
Is set to
Approximately equal to microstrip line
Length value of minus microstrip line
Dividing the length value of (1) by two, and slotting the gap
Center position deviating from the slot gap
The value of the center position is
A value size; since the electromagnetic lens is symmetrical about the horizontal center line, the electromagnetic lens is horizontally symmetricalHalf part of each slotting gap n, n-1, n-2-),
Positions with center distances Gn-1, gn-2, gn-3,
Or according to the lower half formula, calculating according to the method, or cutting the slots 1, 2, 3, and,
Is obtained with mirror symmetry about the horizontal midline of the electromagnetic lens.
According to the invention, the central horizontal spacing G1, G2, G3, - - - -, gn-1 between each slotted gap 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n on the metal ground layer calculated according to the formula determines the electromagnetic signal delay or bus length of the microstrip line 1, the horizontal microstrip line 1 of the first signal branch, the microstrip line 2, the horizontal microstrip line 2 of the second signal branch, the electromagnetic signal delay or bus length of the microstrip line 2 at the front end of the first unit, the electromagnetic signal delay or bus length of the microstrip line 3, the horizontal microstrip line 3, the microstrip line 3 at the front end of the third signal branch, the electromagnetic signal delay or bus length of the microstrip line 3 at the front end of the first unit, and the- -all are equal or similar; due to the measurement errors of the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, - - -, n on the bottom metal layer and the influence of the slot gaps 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n on the electromagnetic signal delay, the central horizontal distances G1, G2, G3, - - - - - -, n among the slot gaps 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n on the metal ground layer are calibrated by errors which are not more than 1/8 wavelength length of the input electromagnetic signal.
According to the method for realizing the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device, the slotted slot 1 on the metal ground layer, the horizontal central lines of the first unit front-end microstrip line 1 on the antenna array layer and the horizontal microstrip line 1 on the bottom metal layer are not only aligned with each other, but also the first unit front-end microstrip line 1 and the horizontal microstrip line 1 are longitudinally aligned on one side, and the slotted slots 2, 3, - - - -, n on the metal ground layer are sequentially aligned with the first unit front- end microstrip lines 2, 3, - - - - -, n on the antenna array layer and the horizontal central lines of the horizontal microstrip lines 2, 3, - - - - - -, n on the bottom metal layer according to the above mode, and the first unit front-end microstrip lines and the horizontal microstrip lines with the same name and serial numbers are longitudinally aligned on one side.
According to the method for realizing the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device, the slotted slots 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n on the metal stratum can be in the shapes of rectangle, rhombus, circle, ellipse, hexagon and bow tie.
According to the method for realizing the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device, the signal branches 1, 2, 3, - - -, n can be microstrip lines or substrate integrated waveguides; each antenna array 1, 2, 3, -n may be a microstrip planar antenna array, or may be a waveguide slot antenna array.
According to the method for realizing the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device, one or more dielectric layers can be covered above the surface of the electromagnetic lens to be used as a protective layer.
Drawings
The above and other features, nature, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of embodiments set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify correspondingly throughout and wherein:
fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are structural diagrams of implementation provided by an implementation method of a compact multilayer transceiving antenna device according to the present invention, and fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are diagrams illustrating an implementation method of a compact multilayer transceiving antenna device, in which the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device implemented by the method is formed by two PCB boards closely attached to each other, wherein there are three metal layers, two dielectric boards are disposed between the three metal layers, and one sides of the three metal layers are aligned; the top metal layer is an antenna array layer 100, and the antenna array layer 100 is composed of a plurality of rows of antenna arrays 81, 82, 83, - - -, 8 n; the middle metal layer is a metal ground layer 110, and one side of the metal ground layer 110 is provided with a plurality of slotted gaps 51, 52, 53, - - -, 5n which are arranged according to a certain set position; the bottom metal layer 120 is an electromagnetic lens 130 with a phase shifting function.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, an electromagnetic signal is input from one port of each beamforming input port 1, 2, 12, 3, - - - -, m 1m of the electromagnetic lens 130, and the phase of the electromagnetic signal is adjusted by the electromagnetic lens 130 and flows out from each port of the antenna array input ports 1, 2, 22, 3, - - - -, n 2 n; in order to enable the antenna arrays 1, 2 82, 3, - -, n 8n to be shaped by a beam, electromagnetic signal flows pass through microstrip lines 1, 2 32, 3, - - - -, n 3n, horizontal microstrip lines 1, 2 42, 3, - - - - - -, n 4n of signal branches 1, 2, 3 93, - - - - - - -, n 9n, and then are coupled to microstrip lines 1, 2 62, 3 63, - - - - - - -, n 6n at the front end of the first unit of the antenna array layer 100 at the top layer through slotted slots 1, 2 52, 3 53, - - - - - - -, n 5n on the middle layer metal ground layer 110, and then reach the first antenna units 1 71, 2 72, 3 73, - - - - - - - -, n 7n of the antenna arrays 1, 2 82, 3, 83, - - - - -, n 8n, and then the phases of the electromagnetic signals are ensured not to be changed; by skillfully adjusting the mutual positions of the slotted gaps 1, 2, 52, 3, - - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110, the phase delay or the line length of each signal branch 1, 2, 92, 3, 93, - - - - -, n 9n is determined, and the phase of the electromagnetic signal is ensured not to be changed after the electromagnetic signal flows through the path; the mutual position relation among the slotted slots 151, 2 52, 3, - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110 is determined by the following method, the length of the x-th micro-strip line 3x and the x-1-th micro-strip line x-13x-1 on the electromagnetic lens (130) is set to be Lx and L (x-1), x is an integer and x is more than 1, the central horizontal distance between the x-th slotted slot x (5 x) and the x-1-th slotted slot x-1 (5 x-1) on the metal ground layer 110 is Gx-1, the compact multi-layer transceiving antenna device is a vertically symmetrical structure taking the horizontal central line of the electromagnetic lens 130 as symmetry, and for the upper half part, the value of Gx-1 meets the condition that Gx-1 is equal to or approximately equal to that
For the lower half, the value of Gx-1 satisfies that Gx-1 is equal or approximately equal to
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the mutual positions of the slotted holes 1, 2, 52, 3, - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110 are determined by the following method,
according to the electromagnetic signal frequency and the beam performance, the proper size of the electromagnetic lens 130 is designed, and then the spacing and the position between each row of antenna arrays 1, 2, 82, 3, - - -, n 8n are determined according to the electromagnetic signal wavelength of 0.5-0.7 λ, and each antenna unit of each antenna array 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n 8n on the antenna array layer 100 is longitudinally aligned; the starting position of each microstrip line 1, 2, 32, 3, - - -, n 3n on the electromagnetic lens 130 is determined by the position of the antenna array input end 1, 2, 22, 3, - - - -, n 2n of the electromagnetic lens 130 connected with it, and the horizontal central line of the tail end of each microstrip line is aligned with and connected with the horizontal central line of the horizontal microstrip line 1, 2 42, 3, - - - - -, n 4 n; then properly designing the lengths of the microstrip lines 1, 2, 3, 33, n 3 n; since the vertical distance between the first unit front microstrip lines 1, 2, 62, 3, - - -, n 6n on the antenna array layer 100 is determined, and the horizontal center lines of the slot 1, 2, 52, 3, 53, - - - - - - -, n 5n and the first unit front microstrip lines 1, 2, 62, 3, 63, - - - - - - -, n 6n are aligned, it is only necessary to determine the horizontal positions of the slot 1, 2, 52, 3, 53, - - - - - -, n 5n according to the delay or line length of the microstrip lines 1, 2, 32, 3, - - - - -, n 3n of the electromagnetic lens 130, and the lengths of the horizontal microstrip lines 41, 2 42, 3, - - - -, n 4n aligned with the horizontal center lines are also obtained; the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device is an up-down symmetrical structure taking a horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens 130 as symmetry, and can determine all positions by only calculating the positions of slotted gaps of the upper half part or the lower half part;
for the upper half part, determining the position of the slotted slot 151 according to the positions of the antenna array 1 81, the first unit front end microstrip line 1 61 and the horizontal microstrip line 1 41; setting the horizontal distance between the centers of the slotted slot 2 and the slotted slot 151 as G1, determining the position of the slotted slot 2 according to G1, wherein G1 is approximately equal to the value obtained by subtracting the length of the microstrip line 2 32 from the length of the microstrip line 1 31 and then dividing the value by two, and the value of the horizontal deviation of the central position of the slotted slot 2 52 from the central position of the slotted slot 151 is G1; the horizontal distance between the centers of the slotted slot 3 53 and the slotted slot 2 52 is set as G2, the position of the slotted slot 3 53 is determined according to G2, G2 is approximately equal to the value obtained by subtracting the length of the microstrip line 3 33 from the length of the microstrip line 2 and then is divided by two, and the value of the horizontal deviation of the central position of the slotted slot 3 53 from the central position of the slotted slot 2 52 is the value G2; the horizontal distance between the centers of the slotted slot 4 54 and the slotted slot 3 is set as G3, the position of the slotted slot 4 54 is determined according to G3, G3 is approximately equal to the value obtained by subtracting the length of the microstrip line 4 34 from the length of the microstrip line 3 and then dividing the value by two, and the value of the horizontal deviation of the central position of the slotted slot 4 54 from the central position of the slotted slot 3 53 is the value G3; and so on, the position of the rear slotting gap is determined,
when n is even, the corresponding electromagnetic lens 130 is horizontally symmetrical with the last slot of the upper half part
Slotted gap
And slotted gap
Is set to
Approximately equal to microstrip line
Length value of minus microstrip line
Dividing the length value of (1) by two, and slotting the gap
Center position horizontally deviated slotting gap
The value of the center position is
A value size; because the electromagnetic lens 130 is symmetrical about the horizontal center line, the lower half part of the horizontal symmetry of the electromagnetic lens 130 is provided with the slotted gaps n 5n, n-1 5n-1, n-2 5n-2, - - - -, and,
Positions each having a center horizontal pitch Gn-1, gn-2,
Or according to the lower half formula, calculating according to the above method, or dividing each slot 1, 2, 52, 3 of the upper half into slots,
The position is obtained in mirror symmetry with the horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens 130;
when the value of n is odd, the corresponding electromagnetic lens (130) is horizontally symmetrical to the last slotting gap of the upper half part
Slotted gap
And slotted gap
Is set at a center horizontal pitch of
Approximately equal to microstrip line
Length value of minus microstrip line
Dividing the length value of (1) by two, and slotting the gap
Center position horizontally deviated slotting gap
The value of the center position is
A value size; because the electromagnetic lens 130 is symmetrical about the horizontal center line, the lower half part of the horizontal symmetry of the electromagnetic lens 130 is provided with the slotted gaps n 5n, n-1 5n-1, n-2 5n-2, - - - -, and,
The central horizontal intervals Gn-1, gn-2 of the positions,
It can also be calculated according to the formula in the lower half, also according to the method described above, or the slotting gaps 1, 2, 52, 3 of the upper half part can be formed,
The position is obtained with mirror symmetry about the horizontal centerline of the electromagnetic lens 130.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the central distances G1, G2, G3, - - -, gn-1 between the slotted gaps 1, 2, 3, - - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110 calculated by the formula determine the electromagnetic signal delays or bus lengths of the microstrip line 1 31, the horizontal microstrip line 1 41, and the first unit front end microstrip line 1 61 of the first signal branch 91, the microstrip line 2 32, the horizontal microstrip line 2 42, and the microstrip line 2 62 of the second signal branch 92, the microstrip line 3 33, the horizontal microstrip line 343, and the microstrip line 3 63 of the first unit front end of the third signal branch 93, the microstrip line n 3n, the horizontal microstrip line n 4n, and the microstrip line n 6n of the first unit front end of the third signal branch 93, and the microstrip line n 3n, the horizontal microstrip line n 4n, and the microstrip line n 6n are all equal or close to each other; in fig. 2, due to the measurement error of the length of each microstrip line 1, 2 32, 3, - - -, n 3n on the bottom metal layer 120 and the influence of each slot 1, 2 52, 3 53, - - - - - -, n 5n on the electromagnetic signal delay, the center-to-center distances G1, G2, G3, - - - -, n 5n of each slot 151, 2 52, 3, - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110 are calibrated to have an error not exceeding 1/8 wavelength length of the input electromagnetic signal.
As shown in fig. 5, the slotted slot 151 on the metal ground layer 110 is not only aligned with the horizontal central lines of the first unit front end microstrip line 1 61 on the antenna array layer 100 and the horizontal microstrip line 1 41 on the bottom metal layer 1, but also the first unit front end microstrip line 1 and the horizontal microstrip line 1 41 are longitudinally aligned on one side, and similarly, according to the above manner, the slotted slots 2, 3 53, - - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110 are aligned with the horizontal central lines of the first unit front end microstrip lines 2, 3, - - - - - -, n 6n on the antenna array layer 100 and the horizontal microstrip lines 2, 3, - - - - - - - -, n 4n on the bottom metal layer 120 according to the same name and serial numbers, and the first unit front end microstrip lines and the horizontal microstrip lines with the same name and serial numbers are longitudinally aligned on one side.
Referring to fig. 3, the shape of each slotted hole 1, 2, 52, 3, - - -, n 5n on the metal ground layer 110 may be rectangular, diamond, circular, oval, hexagonal, or bow tie.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, each signal branch 1 91, 2, 92, 3, - - - -, n 9n may be a microstrip line or a substrate integrated waveguide; each antenna array 1, 81, 2, 82, 3, - - -, n 8n may be a microstrip planar antenna array, or may be a waveguide slot antenna array.
One or more dielectric layers may be added as a protective layer over the surface of the electromagnetic lens (130).
The embodiments described above are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and that modifications or variations can be made to the embodiments described above by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A compact multilayer transmit-receive antenna device realized by the method is formed by closely attaching two layers of PCB boards, wherein three metal layers are arranged, two dielectric plates are arranged between the three metal layers, and one sides of the three metal layers are aligned; the top metal layer is an antenna array layer (100), and the antenna array layer (100) consists of a plurality of rows of antenna arrays 1 (81), 2 (82), 3 (83), i. The middle metal layer is a metal ground layer (110), and one side of the metal ground layer (110) is provided with a plurality of slotted gaps 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53) which are arranged according to a certain set position; the bottom metal layer (120) is an electromagnetic lens (130) with a phase shifting function; electromagnetic signals are input from one port of each beamforming input end 1 (11), 2 (12), 3 (13) of the electromagnetic lens (130), the phase of the electromagnetic signals is adjusted through the electromagnetic lens (130), and the electromagnetic signals flow out from each port of the antenna array input ports 1 (21), 2 (22), 3 (23) and n (2 n); the antenna array is characterized in that in order to enable the antenna arrays 1 (81), 2 (82), 3 (83),. And.. To be n (8 n) to be shaped by beams, electromagnetic signals flow through microstrip lines 1 (31), 2 (32), 3 (33),. And.. To be n (9 n) of signal branches 1 (91), 2 (92), 3 (93), and so on of an electromagnetic lens (130), and microstrip lines 1 (31), 2 (32), 3 (33),. And so on of the microstrip lines 3n, horizontal microstrip lines 1 (41), 2 (42), 3 (43),. And so on of the microstrip lines are coupled to first unit front-end microstrip lines 1 (61), 2 (62), 3 (63),. And so on of an antenna array layer (100) of a top layer through slotted gaps 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53),. To be n (5 n) on an intermediate layer metal layer (110)N (6 n), and then to the first antenna unit 1 (71), 2 (72), 3 (73), n (7 n) of the antenna array 1 (81), 2 (82), 3 (83), (9.), (8 n), so as to ensure that the phase of the electromagnetic signal is not changed; the specific phase delay or line length of each signal branch 1 (91), 2 (92), 3 (93),. So, n (9 n) is determined by skillfully adjusting the mutual position of each slotted gap 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53),. So, n (5 n) on the metal ground layer (110), so that the phase of the electromagnetic signal is ensured not to be changed after the electromagnetic signal flows through the path; the mutual position relation between the slotted gaps 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53) and n (5 n) is determined by the following method, the lengths of an x-th microstrip line x (3 x) and an x-1-th microstrip line x-1 (3 x-1) on an electromagnetic lens (130) are set to be Lx and L (x-1), x is an integer and x is more than 1, the central horizontal distance between the x-th slotted gap x (5 x) and the x-1-th slotted gap x-1 (5 x-1) on a metal stratum (110) is Gx-1, the compact multi-layer transceiving antenna device is a vertically symmetrical structure taking the horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens (130) as symmetry, and the value of Gx-1 meets the condition that Gx-1 is equal to or approximately equal to the upper half part and Gx-1
For the lower half, the value of Gx-1 satisfies that Gx-1 is equal or approximately equal to
2. Method for implementing a compact multi-layer transceiver antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mutual position between the slotted slots 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53),. Multidot.. Multidot., n (5 n) on the metal ground layer (110) is determined in particular by,
according to the electromagnetic signal frequency and the beam performance, the proper size of the electromagnetic lens (130) is designed, the spacing and the position between each row of antenna arrays 1 (81), 2 (82), 3 (83), (83) - -, n (8 n) are determined according to the electromagnetic signal wavelength of 0.5-0.7 lambda, and each antenna unit of each antenna array 1 (81), 2 (82), 3 (83) - -, n (8 n) on the antenna array layer (100) is longitudinally aligned; the starting position of each microstrip line 1 (31), 2 (32), 3 (33) and the like on the electromagnetic lens (130) is determined by the positions of the antenna array input ends 1 (21), 2 (22), 3 (23) and the like, 3 (3 n) of the electromagnetic lens (130) connected with the microstrip line, and the horizontal central lines of the tail ends of the microstrip lines are aligned with and connected with the horizontal central lines of the horizontal microstrip lines 1 (41), 2 (42), 3 (43) and the like; then, the lengths of the microstrip lines 1 (31), 2 (32), 3 (33), n (3 n) are designed appropriately; since the vertical spacing between the first unit front end microstrip lines 1 (61), 2 (62), 3 (63), (3. · n), and n (6 n) on the antenna array layer (100) is already determined, and the horizontal middle line between the slotted slots 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53), (.. · n), and n (5 n) and the first unit front end microstrip lines 1 (61), 2 (62), 3 (63), (3.. · n), and n (6 n) is aligned with each other, the lengths of the slotted slots 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53), (.. · microstrip line, and n (5 n) are only required to be determined according to the delays or line lengths of the respective microstrip lines 1 (31), 2 (32), 3 (33), (3.), and n (3 n) of the electromagnetic lens (130) and the horizontal positions between the respective slotted slots 1 (31), (2), (52), (3), (53), (2.),. · microstrip lines, and n (5 n) aligned with the horizontal middle lines thereof, so as well as to obtain the lengths of the horizontal middle lines 1 (41), (42), (3.), (43), (n) and n (4); the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device is an up-down symmetrical structure taking a horizontal center line of an electromagnetic lens (130) as symmetry, and can determine all positions by only calculating the positions of slotted gaps of the upper half part or the lower half part;
for the upper half part, determining the position of the slotted slot 1 (51) according to the positions of the antenna array 1 (81), the first unit front end microstrip line 1 (61) and the horizontal microstrip line 1 (41); setting the horizontal distance between the centers of the slotted slot 2 (52) and the slotted slot 1 (51) as G1, determining the position of the slotted slot 2 (52) according to G1, wherein G1 is approximately equal to the length of the microstrip line 1 (31) minus the length of the microstrip line 2 (32) and divided by two, and the value of the horizontal deviation of the central position of the slotted slot 2 (52) from the central position of the slotted slot 1 (51) is G1; the horizontal distance between the centers of the slotted slot 3 (53) and the slotted slot 2 (52) is set as G2, the position of the slotted slot 3 (53) is determined according to G2, G2 is approximately equal to the length of the microstrip line 2 (32) minus the length of the microstrip line 3 (33) and divided by two, and the value of the horizontal deviation of the central position of the slotted slot 3 (53) from the central position of the slotted slot 2 (52) is G2; the horizontal distance between the centers of the slotted slot 4 (54) and the slotted slot 3 (53) is set as G3, the position of the slotted slot 4 (54) is determined according to G3, G3 is approximately equal to the length of the microstrip line 3 (33) minus the length of the microstrip line 4 (34) and divided by two, and the value of the horizontal deviation of the central position of the slotted slot 4 (54) from the central position of the slotted slot 3 (53) is G3 value; by analogy, the position of the rear slotting gap is determined,
when the value of n is even, the last slotting gap of the upper half part of the corresponding electromagnetic lens (130) is horizontally symmetrical
Slotted gap
And slotted gap
Is set at a center horizontal pitch of
Approximately equal to microstrip line
Length minus microstrip line
Is divided by two after the length of the groove, and a slot is formed
The central position deviates from the slot gap horizontally
The value of the center position is
A value size; because the electromagnetic lens (130) is symmetrical by taking a horizontal center line as a center line, the lower half part of the horizontal symmetrical electromagnetic lens (130) is provided with the slotted gaps n (5 n), n-1 (5 n-1) and n-2 (5 n-2) respectively
A position having a respective central horizontal spacing Gn-1, gn-2
Or calculated according to the lower half formula by the method, or the slotting gaps 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53) of the upper half part can be formed,
The position is obtained in mirror symmetry with the horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens (130);
when the value of n is odd, the corresponding electromagnetic lens (130) is horizontally symmetrical with the last slotting gap of the upper half part
Slotted gap
And slotted apertures
Is set at a center horizontal pitch of
Approximately equal to microstrip line
Minus the microstrip line
Is divided by two after the length of the slotGap of the rotary drum
Center position horizontally deviated slotting gap
The value of the center position is
A value size; because the electromagnetic lens (130) is symmetrical by taking a horizontal center line, the lower half part of the horizontal symmetrical electromagnetic lens (130) is provided with the slotted gaps n (5 n), n-1 (5 n-1), n-2 (5 n-2), and the
A position, in which the center horizontal spacing Gn-1, gn-2, is between
The method can also be calculated according to the lower half formula, and can also be calculated according to the method, and the slotting gaps 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53) of the upper half part can also be calculated according to the method,
The position is obtained with mirror symmetry about a horizontal center line of the electromagnetic lens (130).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the central horizontal distances G1, G2, G3,. And.. The Gn-1 between the slots 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53), and n (5 n) of the metal ground layer (110) are calculated according to a formula, and the electromagnetic signal delay or the bus length of the microstrip line 1 (31), the horizontal microstrip line 1 (41), and the microstrip line 1 (61) at the front end of the first unit of the first signal branch (91) is determined, the lengths of the electromagnetic signals of the microstrip line 2 (32), the horizontal microstrip line 2 (42) and the first unit front end microstrip line 2 (62) of the second signal branch (92), the lengths of the electromagnetic signals of the microstrip line 3 (33), the horizontal microstrip line 3 (43) and the first unit front end microstrip line 3 (63) of the third signal branch (93) are equal to or close to each other; due to the measurement error of the length of each microstrip line 1 (31), 2 (32), 3 (33), -n, n (3 n) on the bottom metal layer (120) and the influence of each slotted slot 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53),... So, n (5 n) on the electromagnetic signal delay, the central horizontal distance G1, G2, G3,. So, gn-1 between each slotted slot 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53),. So, n (5 n) on the metal ground layer (110) may be calibrated by an error not exceeding 1/8 wavelength length of the input electromagnetic signal.
4. The method for implementing the compact multilayer transceiving antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal center lines of the slotted slot 1 (51) on the metal ground layer (110), the first unit front-end microstrip line 1 (61) on the antenna array layer (100) and the horizontal microstrip line 1 (41) on the bottom metal layer (120) are not only aligned with each other, but also the first unit front-end microstrip line 1 (61) and the horizontal microstrip line 1 (41) are longitudinally aligned on one side, and the slotted slot 2 (52), 3 (53),. Once..
5. The method of claim 1, wherein each slot 1 (51), 2 (52), 3 (53), a.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein each signal branch 1 (91), 2 (92), 3 (93) may be in the form of a microstrip line or a substrate integrated waveguide; each antenna array 1 (81), 2 (82), 3 (83), may be a microstrip planar antenna array, and may be a waveguide slot antenna array.
7. A method for implementing a compact multi-layer transceiver antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein one or more dielectric layers are applied as protective layers over the surface of the electromagnetic lens (130).
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