CN109346843A - A kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method based on Parabolic Phase distribution - Google Patents
A kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method based on Parabolic Phase distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN109346843A CN109346843A CN201811288533.9A CN201811288533A CN109346843A CN 109346843 A CN109346843 A CN 109346843A CN 201811288533 A CN201811288533 A CN 201811288533A CN 109346843 A CN109346843 A CN 109346843A
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- phase distribution
- electromagnetic lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
- H01Q3/14—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying the relative position of primary active element and a refracting or diffracting device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method based on Parabolic Phase distribution, using Space Coupling feed and very thin electromagnetic wave lens, beam scanning is realized by changing the position of feed, system complexity is significantly reduced, and improves flexible design degree.For the lens antenna of Parabolic Phase distribution of the present invention in beam scanning, gain declines the lens antenna for being slowly much better than traditional aplanatism principle design with the increase of scanning angle；The beam scanning lens antenna structure is simple, easy to process, can be used for each frequency range such as microwave, millimeter wave, Terahertz；Without complicated active block, feeding network also avoids complicated lens design, significantly reduces system complexity, and improve flexible design degree；Manufacturing cost is low, low in energy consumption, and without special radiator structure, therefore cost and complexity are far below One-dimension Phased Array, plane Lunberg lens and the one-dimensional multibeam antenna of complex network.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technology, wireless communication technique and Radar Technology fields, and in particular to one kind is based on parabola
The space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method of phase distribution.
Background technique
Modern wireless communication systems, including radar, satellite communication, microwave communication and mobile communication etc., require day
Line has one-dimensional beam scanning and ability of regulation and control, usually there is the one-dimensional mechanical scanning of integrated antenna, the feedback of Butler matrix using scheme
Electric network scanning, the feed scanning of Rotman network of lenses, frequency scanning, plane Lunberg lens scan and One-dimension Phased Array are swept
The schemes such as retouch.Currently, realizing that electromagnetic beam is swept by mechanical structure and control circuit using mechanical scanning mode using more
It retouches and tracks.
Butler matrix feed network scanning antenna, Rotman network of lenses feed scanning antenna, are all to pass through transmission network
Multi-beam and scanning are realized in the design of network.
Plane Lunberg lens pass through tapered dielectric constants material, design on a disc of feed radiation direction
Focus is located just at the lens on circular arc out, and according to round symmetry, entire circular arc is all focus, and constitutes focal line.By feed
Moving on focal line or placing multiple feeds on focal line can be realized beam scanning.
Frequency scan antenna is generally designed with traveling wave battle array or feeding network, so that the phase distribution in aerial array mouth face
Beam scanning is realized with frequency variation.
One-dimension Phased Array antenna is to be carried out using phase shifter package below antenna array to the phase of each array antenna unit
Independent control realizes beam scanning.
Although mechanical scanning mode is using more, since its mechanical structure volume is big, response is not real-time, and structure
Design is complicated, is badly in need of alternative solution.For butler matrix feeding network, Rotman network of lenses is fed and other implementations, though
Multi-beam scanning so may be implemented but limited by feeding network, can only realize several wave beams of discrete special angle, it can not
Realize continuous scanning.Feed network structures complication system overall complexity is very high simultaneously.
Plane Lunberg lens arrangement can realize multi-beam, or be swept by the mobile realization wave beam of feed on focal line
It retouches.But since design principle limits, generally require the circular distribution lens very big in radiation direction design area, thickness
It is often several times as much as wavelength, limits the application scenarios for changing lens.
Frequency scan antenna, the day that beam pointing-angle regularly changes on a large scale with a small amount of change of working frequency
Line, cost is lower, stable and reliable in work, but is mainly used for High Data Rate three-dimensional radar, and when wave beam antenna with side radiation direction,
The standing wave ratio of input voltage of antenna can increase suddenly.Therefore, this beam scanning mode is dfficult to apply to common communication system.
In traditional one-dimensional phased array antenna, feeding network is mixed with width phase regulator control system, and system complexity is high,
The disadvantages of design limitation is more, has that low efficiency, power consumption be big, structure bulky, and manufacturing cost is high, the at present army of being mainly used in
Thing national defence.
Summary of the invention
The above-mentioned type scanning antenna there are aiming at the problem that, the present invention propose it is a kind of based on Parabolic Phase distribution
Space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method, using Space Coupling feed and very thin electromagnetic wave lens, wave beam
Scanning is realized by changing the position of feed, significantly reduces system complexity, and improve flexible design degree.
A kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method based on Parabolic Phase distribution, feature
It is:
The scanning lens antenna includes the electromagnetic lens of feed antenna, metallic walls and Parabolic Phase distribution, the feedback
Source antenna is located below, and the electromagnetic lens is located above, and it is whole to reach scanning lens antenna for both described metallic walls connections
Structural support effect；
The scanning lens antenna includes following design procedure:
Step 1. determines feed antenna phase center to the distance f of electromagnetic lens；
The phase distribution of step 2. calculating feed antenna plane locating for electromagnetic lens:
Wherein r is the distance to electromagnetic lens central point, k0For space wave number,For feed antenna initial phase；
Step 3. calculates the Energy distribution of feed antenna plane where electromagnetic lens to determine the ruler of plane electromagnetic lens
Very little, with electromagnetic lens center for 0dB reference point, it is that cut off carrys out Calculation Plane electromagnetic lens that periphery power, which drops to -10dB,
Range (- r ', r ')；
According to the phase distribution that step 2 calculates, to its in (- r ', r ') range using the approximate expression of parabolic formula
Formula:
Then according to decision condition min [max | Φp(r)-Φ (r) |], r ∈ (- r', r') acquires parabola secondary line
Coefficient a；
Step 4. carries out complementation to the distribution of feed antenna Parabolic Phase is obtained in step 3, and designed phase is distributed as ΦL
(r)=ar2Electromagnetic lens structure；
The beam sweeping method, includes the following steps:
Step a. places feed antenna along centerline axis parallel, guarantees feed antenna in bottom, and in phase
The heart is located at electromagnetic lens downward vertical distance f；
Step b. is by known electromagnetic lens phase distribution ΦL(r)=ar2And feed antenna phase distributionObtain total phase distribution:
Step c. uses the synthetic method of step b, feed antenna is parallel to electromagnetic lens translation distance m, then in electromagnetism
Its phase distribution at lens plane are as follows:And electromagnetic wave pass through electromagnetic lens after in exit portal
The distribution of new synthesis phase is shown below at face:
Step d. is according to synthesis phase gradientThe relationship being directed toward with antenna beam:
Beam scanning angle θ can be obtainedcomAre as follows:
Further, the electromagnetic lens is made of the metal patch unit of different shape and size, to realize parabolic
Phase of line distribution.
Further, the whole phase distribution of the scanning antenna is synthesized by feed antenna and electromagnetic lens phase distribution
It determines, can realize the scanning of electromagnetic beam by translating feed antenna.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) for the lens antenna of Parabolic Phase distribution of the present invention in beam scanning, gain is with scanning angle
Increase decline slowly, is much better than the lens antenna of traditional aplanatism principle design.
(2) beam scanning lens antenna structure of the present invention is simple, easy to process, can be used for microwave, millimeter wave, too
Each frequency ranges such as hertz.
(3) beam scanning lens antenna of the present invention also avoids multiple without complicated active block, feeding network
Miscellaneous lens design significantly reduces system complexity, and improves flexible design degree.
(4) beam scanning lens antenna manufacturing cost of the present invention is low, low in energy consumption, without special radiator structure, because
This cost and complexity are far below One-dimension Phased Array, plane Lunberg lens and the one-dimensional multibeam antenna of complex network.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that feed adds Parabolic Phase profile lens overall schematic in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Parabolic Phase profile lens top view in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is phase measurements schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is phase gradient of the present invention and scanning pitching angle thetacomRelation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is power profile of the feed at lens surface in specific implementation process.
Fig. 6 is the distribution of feed actual phase and parabola close contrast figure in specific implementation process.
Fig. 7 is the distribution of feed actual phase and parabola approximation phase error figure in specific implementation process.
Fig. 8 is the near field distribution of the mobile m=0 of feed in specific implementation process.
Fig. 9 is the near field distribution of the mobile m=0.625f of feed in specific implementation process.
Figure 10 is the near field distribution of the mobile m=1.083f of feed in specific implementation process.
Figure 11 is the normalized radiation pattern of the mobile m=0 of feed in specific implementation process.
Figure 12 is the normalized radiation pattern of the mobile m=0.625f of feed in specific implementation process.
Figure 13 is the normalized radiation pattern of the mobile m=1.083f of feed in specific implementation process.
In figure, 1- electromagnetic lens, 2- metallic walls, 3- feed antenna.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
A kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method based on Parabolic Phase distribution, it is described to sweep
It is as shown in Figure 1 to retouch lens antenna.
The scanning lens antenna includes the electromagnetic lens 1 of feed antenna 3, metallic walls 2 and Parabolic Phase distribution, institute
It states feed antenna 3 to be located below, the electromagnetic lens 1 is located above, and both described connections of metallic walls 2 reach scanning lens day
Line overall structure supporting role.
The electromagnetic lens 1 is made of the metal patch unit of different shape and size, as shown in Fig. 2, to realize throwing
The distribution of object phase of line.
The whole phase distribution of the scanning lens antenna is synthesized and is determined by feed antenna 3 and 1 phase distribution of electromagnetic lens
It is fixed, by translating feed antenna 3, so that it may change electromagnetic lens 1 and feed antenna 3 and go out in entire lens antenna exit portal face
Synthesis phase gradient, to control the beam position of the lens antenna.
The scanning lens antenna includes following design procedure:
Step 1. determines 3 phase center of feed antenna to the distance f of electromagnetic lens 1.
The phase distribution of the step 2. calculating plane locating for electromagnetic lens 1 of feed antenna 3:
Wherein r is the distance to electromagnetic lens central point, k0For space wave number,For feed antenna initial phase.
Step 3. calculates the Energy distribution of feed antenna plane where lens to determine the size of plane electromagnetic lens,
With electromagnetic lens center for 0dB reference point, it is the model that cut off carrys out Calculation Plane electromagnetic lens that periphery power, which drops to -10dB,
Enclose (- r ', r ').
According to the phase distribution that step 2 calculates, to its in (- r ', r ') range using the approximate expression of parabolic formula
Formula:
Then according to decision condition min [max | Φp(r)-Φ (r) |], r ∈ (- r', r') acquires parabola secondary line
Coefficient a.
Step 4. carries out complementation to the distribution of feed antenna Parabolic Phase is obtained in step 3, and designed phase is distributed as ΦL
(r)=ar2Electromagnetic lens structure.
The beam sweeping method, includes the following steps:
Step a. places feed antenna along centerline axis parallel, guarantees feed antenna in bottom, and in phase
The heart is located at electromagnetic lens downward vertical distance f.
Step b. is by known electromagnetic lens phase distribution ΦL(r)=ar2And feed antenna phase distributionObtain total phase distribution:
Step c. uses the synthetic method of step b, feed antenna is parallel to electromagnetic lens translation distance m, then in electromagnetism
Its phase distribution at lens plane are as follows:And electromagnetic wave pass through electromagnetic lens after in exit portal
The distribution of new synthesis phase is shown below at face:
Step d. is according to synthesis phase gradientThe relationship being directed toward with antenna beam:
Beam scanning angle θ can be obtainedcomAre as follows:
In example of the invention, feed antenna 3 is at 1 focal length of electromagnetic lens, spacing are as follows: f=20mm, between metallic walls 2
Away from for d=20mm, feed antenna 3 can translate below electromagnetic lens 1, electromagnetic lens 1 and feed antenna 3 in present example
Operating center frequency be 30GHz, according to the ruler for determining plane electromagnetic lens 1 in figure (5) in -10dB power distribution
It is very little, about obtain D=100mm, then with min [max | Φp(r)-Φ (r) |] it is approximate criterion, using Parabolic Phase point
Cloth obtains parabola two-term coefficient:Phase distribution are as follows:
By scheming (6), for figure (7) it can be seen that in -10dB energy range, phase distribution has the error less than 10 degree.Feed
The position of antenna 3 determines that the size of synthesis phase gradient at final Antenna aperture, the size of phase gradient can be obtained by following formula:
Wherein:
Beam scanning angle θcomThen by the size of synthesis phase gradientIt obtains:
Wherein,It is calculated in present case and works as m=0, θ when 0.625f, 1.083fcom
Respectively 0 °, 30 °, 60 °.
Scheme (8), scheme (9), scheme (10) to be feed in specific implementation process respectively in m=0, the near field of 0.625f, 1.083f
Distribution map.It is seen that the near field distribution of lens antenna also shows different beams and sweeps with the position translation of feed
It retouches.
Scheme (11), figure (12), figure (13) are the feed far field in m=0,0.625f, 1.083f respectively in the present embodiment
Normalized radiation pattern, beam scanning pitch angle are directed toward respectively 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, full-wave simulation result and notional phase gradiometer
Result is calculated to coincide well.
The present invention guarantees that the synthesis phase of feed antenna and electromagnetic lens is distributed as linear function, specific in the present invention
Case, it is approximate that parabola carried out to phase distribution of the feed antenna at electromagnetic lens plane, then to the phase of planar lens
Bit distribution also uses parabolic curve design, but makes the constant coefficient and the former opposite number each other of its quadratic term, to guarantee the phase of lens
Bit distribution is linear function after being superimposed with phase distribution of the feed antenna at lens.Such design may make feed to translate
Afterwards, the phase of lens antenna exit facet is constant to the gradient value of plane space, to realize stable electromagnetic beam scanning.
In general, different using the design of aplanatism principle from conventional lenses antenna, the present invention uses parabola for the first time
Phase distribution design.Feed is all approximately spherical wave by conventional lenses antenna, and the present invention by the phase of feed antenna certain
It is approximate that parabola is used in spatial dimension.
The foregoing is merely better embodiments of the invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not with above embodiment
It is limited, as long as those of ordinary skill in the art's equivalent modification or variation made by disclosure according to the present invention, should all be included in
In the protection scope recorded in claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its beam sweeping method, feature based on Parabolic Phase distribution exists
In:
The scanning lens antenna includes the electromagnetic lens of feed antenna, metallic walls and Parabolic Phase distribution, the feed day
Line is located below, and the electromagnetic lens is located above, and both described metallic walls connections reach scanning lens antenna overall structure branch
Support effect；
The scanning lens antenna includes following design procedure:
Step 1. determines feed antenna phase center to the distance f of electromagnetic lens；
The phase distribution of step 2. calculating feed antenna plane locating for electromagnetic lens:
Wherein r is the distance to electromagnetic lens central point, k0For space wave number,For feed antenna initial phase；
Step 3. calculates the Energy distribution of feed antenna plane where electromagnetic lens to determine the size of plane electromagnetic lens, with
Electromagnetic lens center be 0dB reference point, periphery power drop to -10dB be cut off come Calculation Plane electromagnetic lens range (-
r',r')；
According to the phase distribution that step 2 calculates, to its in (- r ', r ') range using the approximate expression of parabolic formula:
r∈(-r',r')
Then according to decision condition min [max | Φp(r)-Φ (r) |], r ∈ (- r', r') acquires parabola secondary line coefficient a；
Step 4. carries out complementation to the distribution of feed antenna Parabolic Phase is obtained in step 3, and designed phase is distributed as ΦL(r)=
ar2Electromagnetic lens structure；
The beam sweeping method, includes the following steps:
Step a. places feed antenna along centerline axis parallel, guarantee feed antenna in bottom, and phase center position
At electromagnetic lens downward vertical distance f；
Step b. is by known electromagnetic lens phase distribution ΦL(r)=ar2And feed antenna phase distributionObtain total phase distribution:
Step c. uses the synthetic method of step b, feed antenna is parallel to electromagnetic lens translation distance m, then in electromagnetic lens
Its phase distribution at plane are as follows:And electromagnetic wave pass through electromagnetic lens after at exit portal face
New synthesis phase distribution is shown below:
Step d. is according to synthesis phase gradientThe relationship being directed toward with antenna beam:
Beam scanning angle θ can be obtainedcomAre as follows:
2. a kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its wave beam based on Parabolic Phase distribution according to claim 1
Scan method, it is characterised in that: the electromagnetic lens is made of the metal patch unit of different shape and size, to realize throwing
The distribution of object phase of line.
3. a kind of space one-dimensional scanning lens antenna and its wave beam based on Parabolic Phase distribution according to claim 1
Scan method, it is characterised in that: the whole phase distribution of the scanning antenna is closed by feed antenna and electromagnetic lens phase distribution
At decision, the scanning of electromagnetic beam can be realized by translating feed antenna.
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| CN112018497A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-01 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Antenna module and electronic equipment |
| CN112186364A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 林伟 | Method for realizing compact multilayer transmitting-receiving antenna device |
| WO2022100566A1 (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna assembly and communication device |
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| WO2022100566A1 (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna assembly and communication device |
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