CN112185056A - High-precision flame detector and flame detection method - Google Patents
High-precision flame detector and flame detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision flame detector and a flame detection method. The singlechip is used as a central core processing control unit, and each circuit is electrically connected with the singlechip. According to the invention, two wavelengths of 0.2 mu m and 4.3 mu m are selected as the spectrum detection wave bands of the optical flame detector, so that the detector can distinguish flame to the maximum extent, and the optical flame detector has strong anti-interference capability and high detection precision and sensitivity. The invention carries out four-stage amplification on the signal output by the infrared phototube through the amplification acquisition circuit, each stage of amplification is input into the processor for the acquisition of the processor, and the processor can more comprehensively master the spectral radiation condition in the environment by analyzing the infrared signals of four stages with different amplification factors, can more accurately identify the interference source in the environment, simultaneously improves the sensitivity of flame response, and improves the reliability and detection precision of flame detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting equipment, and particularly relates to a high-precision flame detector and a flame detection method.
Background
At present, in the international military field, in order to improve the comprehensive operational capability of tank armored vehicles, almost every country is equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system in the passenger compartment and the fighting compartment of armored vehicles such as main warfare tanks. When tank armoured vehicle is punctured by broken first bullet, the flame information of the initial stage of blasting can be detected to the explosion suppression system of automatic fire extinguishing within 5ms, starts the fire-extinguishing bottle before the explosion of broken first bullet and sprinkles the fire extinguishing agent and restrain the further explosion of broken first bullet, for example Israel plum slips tank can realize carrying out the complete suppression to the explosion within 60ms to reduce and kill the personnel's of battle secondary, effectively improve tank armoured vehicle's barrier propterty.
The automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system generally comprises a flame detector, a controller, an explosion suppression bottle, an emergency switch and the like. The high-speed flame detector is an important component of an automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system, and has extremely fast response time, so that the high-speed flame detector is widely applied to the fields of tank armored vehicles, explosion suppression protection, industrial dust explosion suppression, fuel oil depots, explosive production lines, ammunition depots and the like. With the development of the technology, various types of high-speed flame detectors have been developed at present, and the high-speed flame detectors are widely applied to different fields respectively according to the used optical wave bands, including single ultraviolet, multiple ultraviolet, single infrared, multiple infrared, ultraviolet infrared, single ultraviolet multiple infrared and the like.
The various types of high-speed flame detectors which are generally applied at present in China have common problems: the detection precision and sensitivity are not high, the false alarm phenomenon is easy to occur, and the reliability is low.
Whether the detection precision, the sensitivity or the reliability is low, the performance and the reliability of the automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system are directly reduced, the efficiency of the automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system is influenced, irrecoverable consequences can be caused more seriously, and great economic and life and property losses are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision flame detector, which overcomes the technical problems in the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a flame detection method, which can detect flame sensitively, reliably and at high speed, and improve the efficiency of the automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system.
Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a high-precision flame detector comprises an ultraviolet induction circuit, an infrared induction circuit and a single chip microcomputer, wherein the ultraviolet induction circuit and the infrared induction circuit are both in electric signal connection with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is electrically connected with a power supply processing module;
the infrared induction circuit comprises an infrared photosensitive tube of 4.3 mu m and an amplification acquisition circuit which are electrically connected, and the ultraviolet induction circuit comprises a high-voltage power supply circuit, an ultraviolet photosensitive tube of 0.2 mu m and a buffer shaping circuit which are electrically connected in sequence.
The temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
The amplifying and collecting circuit is a multistage amplifying circuit.
The amplification acquisition circuit is a four-stage amplification circuit, the first-stage amplification circuit comprises a resistor R14 and a resistor R19, the output end of the 4.3μm infrared photosensitive tube B2 is respectively connected with the resistor R14, the resistor R17 and the resistor R19, two ends of the resistor R19 are connected with a capacitor C9 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected with one end of a capacitor C6 in parallel and then connected with the positive input end of an operational amplifier D2A, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C6 in parallel, the negative input end of the operational amplifier D2 6 is connected with one end of the capacitor C6 and one end of the resistor R6 in parallel and then connected with the resistor R6 and the capacitor C6, the output end of the operational amplifier D2 6 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C6 in parallel and the source end of the resistor R6 in parallel, the positive electrode of the operational amplifier D2 6 is connected with the capacitor C6 in parallel, the output end of the operational amplifier D2 6 is connected with the capacitor C6 in parallel, the capacitor C7 is connected with the second-stage amplifying circuit;
the second-stage amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier D2B, the other end of the capacitor C7 is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier D2B and one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with one end of a resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected in parallel with one end of a capacitor C10 and one end of a resistor R27 and then connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier D2B, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected in parallel with the other end of a capacitor C10 and the other end of a resistor R27, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected with one end of a resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected in parallel with one end of a resistor R18 and one end of a capacitor C8, and the other end of;
the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected to a capacitor C29, the capacitor C29 is connected to a third-stage amplifying circuit, the third-stage amplifying circuit includes an operational amplifier D6A, the positive input end of the operational amplifier D6A is connected to a resistor R35, the resistor R35 is connected to a resistor R39, the resistor R39 is connected to the negative input end of the operational amplifier D6A after being connected to the resistor R40 and the capacitor C32 in parallel, the resistor R40 is connected to a fixed end of an adjustable potentiometer RP2, the active end of the adjustable potentiometer RP2 is connected to the other fixed end of the adjustable potentiometer RP2 and the capacitor C2 and then to the output end of the operational amplifier D6 2, the positive power end of the operational amplifier D6 2 is connected to the capacitor C2, the output end of the operational amplifier D6 2 is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the capacitor C2 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C30 is connected with a fourth-stage amplifying circuit;
the fourth-stage amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier D6B, the other end of the capacitor C30 is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier D6B and one end of the resistor R38, the other end of the resistor R38 is connected with the resistor R41, the other end of the resistor R41 is connected in parallel with the resistor R42 and the capacitor C33 and then is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier D6B, the other ends of the resistor R42 and the capacitor C33 are both connected with the output end of the operational amplifier D6B, the output end of the operational amplifier D6B is connected with the resistor R34, the resistor R34 is connected in parallel with the resistor R37 and the capacitor C31, and the other end of the resistor R37 is connected with the other end of.
The input end of the high-voltage power supply circuit is connected with a resistor R30 and a capacitor C27 in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C27 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with a 0.2 mu m ultraviolet photosensitive tube and a capacitor C28 in parallel, and the other end of the capacitor C28 is grounded.
The buffer shaping circuit comprises a diode V9, a resistor R36, a diode V8, a capacitor C24 and a Schmidt trigger D7, the diode V9 and the resistor R36 are connected in parallel and then connected with the diode V8 and the Schmidt trigger in parallel, and the diode V9 and the resistor R36 are grounded.
The power supply processing module comprises a capacitor C15 and a capacitor C11, one end of the capacitor C15 and one end of the capacitor C11 are connected in parallel with a power supply input end, the anode of the capacitor C11 is connected with the input end of a linear conversion power supply D3, two ends of the linear conversion power supply D3 are connected in parallel with a diode V5, the linear conversion power supply D3 is connected in series with a resistor R22, the output end of the linear conversion power supply D3 is connected in parallel with a capacitor C16, a capacitor C12, an inductor L1, a capacitor C17 and a capacitor C13 in sequence, a resistor R20 is connected in series between the capacitor C12 and the capacitor C17, and the inductor L1 is connected in series with a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3 in;
the positive electrode of the capacitor C13 is connected in parallel to the input end of the linear transformation power supply D4, the output end of the linear transformation power supply D4 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C14 and the capacitor C18, and the other ends of the capacitor C15, the capacitor C11, the resistor R22, the linear transformation power supply D3, the capacitor C16, the capacitor C12, the inductor L1, the capacitor C17, the capacitor C13, the resistor R23, the linear transformation power supply D4, the capacitor C14 and the capacitor C18 are all grounded.
The infrared calibration circuit comprises two circuits, one circuit comprises an adjustable potentiometer RP3, an incandescent micro lamp VL1 and a transistor V10 which are sequentially connected in series, the transistor V10 is connected with a resistor R46 and a resistor R47 in parallel, the transistor V10 and the resistor R47 are both grounded, the other end of the adjustable potentiometer RP3 is connected with a power supply, and the other end of the resistor R46 is connected with a single chip microcomputer;
the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is arranged on a main trunk of the other path, one end of the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is connected with a simulation power supply, the other end of the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is connected with a capacitor C9, a resistor R19 and a resistor R17 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with a capacitor C6, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the other end of the resistor R17 and then connected into an amplification acquisition circuit.
The utility model provides a flame detection method, adopt high accuracy flame detector, carry out compound detection through 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube and 0.2 mu m ultraviolet photosensitive tube to flame, the infrared spectral signal that detects supplies the singlechip to gather after carrying out multistage amplification through amplifying the acquisition circuit, the ultraviolet spectral signal that detects simultaneously carries out amplitude limiting plastic processing through buffering shaping circuit and is followed by the singlechip discernment, the singlechip carries out flame discernment according to infrared signal and the ultraviolet signal of gathering and judges, when judging that the fire alarm takes place, output fire alarm signal.
The specific process of the ultraviolet spectrum signal for amplitude limiting and shaping processing through the buffer shaping circuit is as follows: firstly, a diode V9 carries out voltage stabilization and amplitude limiting on an ultraviolet spectrum signal, the signal after amplitude limiting processing is a sawtooth wave pulse signal, then an R36 samples the ultraviolet sawtooth wave pulse signal, then the diode V8 clamps the ultraviolet sawtooth wave pulse signal to VDD, finally a Schmitt trigger D7 carries out shaping processing on the sawtooth wave signal obtained after amplitude limiting processing, and the signal after shaping processing is a standard square wave signal which can be accurately identified by a singlechip.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the high-precision flame detector provided by the invention, two wavelengths of 0.2 mu m and 4.3 mu m are selected as the spectrum detection wave bands of the optical flame detector, so that the detector can distinguish flame to the maximum extent, and the high-precision flame detector is strong in anti-interference capability and high in detection precision sensitivity.
The invention carries out four-stage amplification on the signal output by the infrared phototube through the amplification acquisition circuit, each stage of amplification is input into the processor for the acquisition of the processor, the processor can more comprehensively master the spectral radiation condition in the environment by analyzing the infrared signals of four stages with different amplification factors, can more accurately identify the interference source in the environment, and simultaneously improves the sensitivity of flame response, thereby improving the reliability and the detection precision of flame detection.
The invention carries out amplitude limiting processing on the ultraviolet spectrum signal through the buffer shaping circuit, and the sawtooth wave signal obtained after the amplitude limiting processing is shaped into a standard square wave signal by adopting the Schmitt trigger, so that the singlechip can accurately identify.
When individual difference exists among the infrared photosensitive tubes or the infrared photosensitive tubes are in different ambient light, so that the infrared spectrum response conditions of the infrared photosensitive tubes to flame are different, the calibration and compensation of infrared response consistency can be realized through the temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit.
The power supply processing module of the invention provides a linear power supply, prevents the infrared signal from being submerged or interfered by the amplified tiny text wave in the circuit, and ensures that the amplifying circuit has a good working environment.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic hardware schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a spectral distribution of a common light source;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged acquisition circuit;
FIG. 4 is a high voltage supply circuit and a buffer shaping circuit;
FIG. 5 is a power supply processing module;
FIG. 6 is an infrared calibration circuit;
fig. 7 is a temperature sampling circuit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a high-precision flame detector which comprises an ultraviolet induction circuit, an infrared induction circuit and a single chip microcomputer, wherein the ultraviolet induction circuit and the infrared induction circuit are both in electric signal connection with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is electrically connected with a power supply processing module;
the infrared induction circuit comprises an infrared photosensitive tube of 4.3 mu m and an amplification acquisition circuit which are electrically connected, and the ultraviolet induction circuit comprises a high-voltage power supply circuit, an ultraviolet photosensitive tube of 0.2 mu m and a buffer shaping circuit which are electrically connected in sequence.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
in order to avoid the interference of solar radiation, a solar blind ultraviolet band is selected to identify and detect the ultraviolet spectral characteristics of flame, and a solar blind ultraviolet photoelectric tube is adopted as a corresponding ultraviolet photosensitive tube. The ultraviolet band of "solar blind" refers to ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength in the range of 160nm to 260nm, and is called "solar blind" because the radiation of sunlight in this band is almost completely absorbed by the earth's atmosphere and does not reach the earth's surface. The solar blind type ultraviolet photoelectric tube only responds to ultraviolet radiation in the wave band, so that background interference can be minimized, interference sources existing in the environment are filtered from the signal source head, and the overall reliability of the system is guaranteed.
The infrared detection wave band selects the infrared wave band with relatively small background radiation and relatively large flame radiation, so that the signal-to-noise ratio can be effectively improved, and the influence of most interference light sources is avoided. The output signal of the infrared photosensitive tube is millivolt-level weak signal, so that the flame is difficult to be accurately identified by the weak signal processor, and the infrared signal needs to be amplified without distortion for the processor to acquire in real time for flame identification and judgment.
According to the invention, two spectral bands of 0.2 mu m and 4.3 mu m are selected as detection bands of the optical flame detector, so that the optical flame detector has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, high detection precision and sensitivity and the like in a detection mechanism. At present, spectral bands such as 0.2 mu m and 2.7 mu m are selected as detection bands of the flame detector for the high-speed flame detector commonly applied in China. FIG. 2 is a "flame and common interference source spectral radiance map", except for the flame spectral curve, the interference source spectral curve. By spectral property analysis: the flame detector is 0.2 mu m, 2.7 mu m and 4.3 mu m, and not only can detect flames, but also has good day blind characteristics. Meanwhile, in an infrared band, the ratio of the radiation intensity of the flame of 2.7 mu m to the radiation intensity of a common optical interference source is found to be about 1:1, and the ratio of the radiation intensity of the flame of 4.3 mu m to the radiation intensity of the common optical interference source is found to be about 3:1, so that the 4.3 mu m has obvious advantages compared with the detection band of 2.7 mu m, and the flame can be distinguished to the maximum extent. Therefore, two spectrum detection wave bands of 0.2 mu m and 4.3 mu m are selected, and the method has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, high detection precision sensitivity and the like in the detection mechanism.
The invention uses ultraviolet spectrum and infrared spectrum to carry out composite detection on flame, belongs to multi-spectrum detection, has the characteristic of strong anti-interference capability in mechanism, and can effectively enhance the reliability of the system.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a high accuracy flame detector, still includes temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit, temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit electricity connect the singlechip.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar blind type ultraviolet light sensor comprises a solar blind type ultraviolet light sensor (0.2 μm ultraviolet light sensor), a power supply processing module, a high-voltage power supply circuit, an ultraviolet signal buffer shaping circuit, a narrow-band infrared light sensor (4.3 μm infrared light sensor), an infrared signal multistage amplification acquisition circuit, a temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit, a single chip microcomputer, a fire alarm signal output interface, a communication bus interface and the like.
The temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit is used for temperature compensation and ensures that the detector works with high precision and high reliability within the full temperature range of-40 ℃ to +85 ℃. Because the response characteristics of the infrared photosensitive tubes at different temperatures are different, temperature compensation needs to be carried out on the infrared signals and the overall flame identification and judgment algorithm so as to adapt to different use temperature ranges. The change of the ambient temperature is a slow process, and generally no sudden change occurs, so the processor does not need to acquire the ambient temperature condition in real time, and only needs to count a certain time interval to acquire the ambient temperature and perform temperature compensation.
The temperature acquisition circuit is shown in fig. 7, D9 is a temperature sensor, LM19 supplies power by using an analog power supply 3.3VAA, and C39 decouples and filters the power supply. The output end of the temperature sensor is connected with a resistor R48 in series and then is input into the singlechip, so that the singlechip can collect the temperature. C44 is used for filtering the temperature signal.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, the present embodiment provides a high-precision flame detector, and the amplification and acquisition circuit is a multi-stage amplification circuit.
In order to realize higher detection precision, the infrared signal is amplified by adopting a multi-stage amplifying circuit, so that the detection sensitivity can be greatly improved, and the dynamics and the accuracy of flame identification are enhanced.
Example 4:
on the basis of embodiment 1, 2 or 3, the embodiment provides a high-precision flame detector, the amplification acquisition circuit is a four-stage amplification circuit, the first-stage amplification circuit includes a resistor R14 and a resistor R19, an output end of the 4.3 μm infrared photodiode B2 is respectively connected to a resistor R14, a resistor R17 and a resistor R19, two ends of the resistor R19 are connected in parallel to a capacitor C9, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected in parallel to one end of a capacitor C6 and then connected to a positive input end of an operational amplifier D2A, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected in parallel to the other end of a capacitor C6, a negative input end of the operational amplifier D2A is connected in parallel to one end of a capacitor C19 and one end of a resistor R25 and then connected to a resistor R24 and a capacitor C20, an output end of the operational amplifier D2A is connected in parallel to the other end of a capacitor C7 and one end of a resistor R3687458, the operational amplifier D2 is connected to a positive output end of a capacitor C A and a resistor R A, one end of the resistor R13 is connected in parallel with one end of the resistor R12 and one end of the capacitor C4, and the capacitor C7 is connected with the second-stage amplifying circuit;
the second-stage amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier D2B, the other end of the capacitor C7 is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier D2B and one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with one end of a resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected in parallel with one end of a capacitor C10 and one end of a resistor R27 and then connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier D2B, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected in parallel with the other end of a capacitor C10 and the other end of a resistor R27, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected with one end of a resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected in parallel with one end of a resistor R18 and one end of a capacitor C8, and the other end of;
the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected to a capacitor C29, the capacitor C29 is connected to a third-stage amplifying circuit, the third-stage amplifying circuit includes an operational amplifier D6A, the positive input end of the operational amplifier D6A is connected to a resistor R35, the resistor R35 is connected to a resistor R39, the resistor R39 is connected to the negative input end of the operational amplifier D6A after being connected to the resistor R40 and the capacitor C32 in parallel, the resistor R40 is connected to a fixed end of an adjustable potentiometer RP2, the active end of the adjustable potentiometer RP2 is connected to the other fixed end of the adjustable potentiometer RP2 and the capacitor C2 and then to the output end of the operational amplifier D6 2, the positive power end of the operational amplifier D6 2 is connected to the capacitor C2, the output end of the operational amplifier D6 2 is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the capacitor C2 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C2, the other end of the capacitor C30 is connected with a fourth-stage amplifying circuit;
the fourth-stage amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier D6B, the other end of the capacitor C30 is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier D6B and one end of the resistor R38, the other end of the resistor R38 is connected with the resistor R41, the other end of the resistor R41 is connected in parallel with the resistor R42 and the capacitor C33 and then is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier D6B, the other ends of the resistor R42 and the capacitor C33 are both connected with the output end of the operational amplifier D6B, the output end of the operational amplifier D6B is connected with the resistor R34, the resistor R34 is connected in parallel with the resistor R37 and the capacitor C31, and the other end of the resistor R37 is connected with the other end of.
As shown in fig. 3, the infrared signal is amplified by four-stage amplification. B2 is 4.3um infrared photosensitive tube, and infrared signal begins to amplify after resistance R19 samples, and the operational amplifier adopts two fortune to put F158, and four grades of enlargies totally, and each grade of enlargies all inputs singlechip (treater) for the treater collection. The operational amplifier D2A, the resistor R24 and the resistor R25 form a first-stage amplifying circuit, a first-stage amplifying signal is input to the processor after being divided by the resistor R13 and the resistor R12, meanwhile, the first-stage amplifying signal is input to a second-stage amplifying circuit consisting of the operational amplifier D2B, the resistor R26 and the resistor R27 after being blocked by the capacitor C7, the second-stage amplifying signal is input to the processor after being divided by the resistor R16 and the resistor R18, meanwhile, the second-stage amplifying signal is input to a third-stage amplifying circuit consisting of the operational amplifier D6A, the resistor R39, the resistor R40 and the adjustable potentiometer RP2 after being blocked by the capacitor C29, the third-stage amplifying signal can be finely adjusted by the adjustable potentiometer RP2, the third-stage amplifying signal is input to the processor after being divided by the resistor R31 and the resistor R32, and the third-stage amplifying signal is input to a fourth-stage amplifying circuit consisting of the operational amplifier D6B, the resistor R41 and the resistor R42 after being blocked by the capacitor C30, the four-stage amplified signal is divided by a resistor R34 and a resistor R37 and then input to the processor. The processor can more comprehensively master the spectral radiation condition in the environment by analyzing the infrared signals of the four stages with different amplification factors, and the dynamic identification range of the singlechip on the infrared signals is increased, so that the accuracy of identifying the flame infrared signals is remarkably improved (the aim of high precision is achieved).
Example 5:
on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, the present embodiment provides a high-precision flame detector, the input end of the high-voltage power supply circuit is connected in parallel with a resistor R30 and a capacitor C27, the other end of the capacitor C27 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected in parallel with a 0.2 μm ultraviolet photosensitive tube and a capacitor C28, and the other end of the capacitor C28 is grounded.
The buffer shaping circuit comprises a diode V9, a resistor R36, a diode V8, a capacitor C24 and a Schmidt trigger D7, the diode V9 and the resistor R36 are connected in parallel and then connected with the diode V8 and the Schmidt trigger in parallel, and the diode V9 and the resistor R36 are grounded.
As shown in fig. 4, the capacitor C27 filters the high power supply voltage of the ultraviolet photoelectric tube, the resistor R30 limits the current of the high power supply voltage, and the capacitor C28 decouples and filters the high power supply voltage; the UV1 is a solar blind type ultraviolet photoelectric tube, when receiving flame spectrum radiation, the UV1 can directly output an electric pulse signal, the signal is a high-voltage pulse signal, and if the signal is directly connected to a processor, the processor is damaged, so that amplitude limiting processing is required; the diode V8 and the diode V9 mainly achieve an amplitude limiting function, the diode V8 is used for clamping the ultraviolet pulse signal to VDD, and the diode V9 is used for achieving a voltage stabilizing effect on the ultraviolet pulse signal; r36 is used for sampling the uv pulse signal. The signal after amplitude limiting processing is a sawtooth wave pulse signal, and in order to ensure that the processor can reliably identify the signal, the sawtooth wave signal obtained after amplitude limiting processing needs to be shaped. D7 is a schmitt trigger, in this embodiment, 54HC1G14 is used to shape the ultraviolet sawtooth wave signal, and the shaped signal is a standard square wave signal that can be accurately identified by the processor.
Example 6:
on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, the present embodiment provides a high-precision flame detector, where the power processing module includes a capacitor C15 and a capacitor C11, one end of the capacitor C15 and one end of the capacitor C11 are connected in parallel to a power input end, an anode of the capacitor C11 is connected to an input end of a linear transformation power D3, two ends of the linear transformation power D3 are connected in parallel to a diode V5, the linear transformation power D3 is connected in series to a resistor R22, an output end of the linear transformation power D3 is connected in parallel to a capacitor C16, a capacitor C12, an inductor L1, a capacitor C17 and a capacitor C13 in sequence, a resistor R20 is connected in series between the capacitor C12 and the capacitor C17, and the inductor L1 is connected in sequence to a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3 in parallel;
the positive electrode of the capacitor C13 is connected in parallel to the input end of the linear transformation power supply D4, the output end of the linear transformation power supply D4 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C14 and the capacitor C18, and the other ends of the capacitor C15, the capacitor C11, the resistor R22, the linear transformation power supply D3, the capacitor C16, the capacitor C12, the inductor L1, the capacitor C17, the capacitor C13, the resistor R23, the linear transformation power supply D4, the capacitor C14 and the capacitor C18 are all grounded.
The infrared signal after multistage amplification is particularly sensitive to noise, and tiny text waves appearing in a circuit are likely to submerge or interfere the infrared signal after being amplified. In order to ensure that the amplifying circuit has a good working environment, a linear power supply is selected for power supply conversion, and the linear power supply can provide a good power supply environment, so that the use of a switching power supply is avoided to bring about larger text wave interference.
As shown in fig. 5, C5 and C11 are used for decoupling and filtering an external input power supply, D3 is an 8V linear transformation power supply, model JW7808T is used for outputting a +8V power supply, and C16 and C12 are used for filtering an output voltage of +8V of D3; the L1 is used for isolating the analog power supply +8AV of the operational amplifier, and the C2 and the C3 are used for filtering the analog power supply +8 AV. D4 is a 3.3V linear conversion power supply, and the model is JW29300T-3.3V, and is used for outputting a 3.3V power supply and supplying power to the processor. C17 and C13 are used to achieve decoupling filtering of the input voltage of D4, and C14 and C18 are used to achieve filtering of the output voltage of D4. R15 is used to achieve isolation between the analog reference ground and the digital reference ground.
Example 7:
on the basis of the embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the embodiment provides a high-precision flame detector, the infrared calibration circuit comprises two circuits, one circuit comprises an adjustable potentiometer RP3, an incandescent micro lamp VL1 and a transistor V10 which are sequentially connected in series, the transistor V10 is connected with a resistor R46 and a resistor R47 in parallel, the transistor V10 and the resistor R47 are both grounded, the other end of the adjustable potentiometer RP3 is connected with a power supply, and the other end of the resistor R46 is connected with a single chip microcomputer;
the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is arranged on a main trunk of the other path, one end of the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is connected with a simulation power supply, the other end of the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is connected with a capacitor C9, a resistor R19 and a resistor R17 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with a capacitor C6, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the other end of the resistor R17 and then connected into an amplification acquisition circuit.
As shown in fig. 6, one end of the adjustable potentiometer RP3 is connected to a +8V power supply, and the incandescent micro-lamp VL1 is used for calibrating the infrared photosensitive tube B2, that is, when there is an individual difference between the infrared photosensitive tubes or there is a difference in infrared spectrum response conditions of the infrared photosensitive tubes to flames due to different ambient lights, calibration and compensation of infrared response consistency can be realized by the calibration circuit.
Example 8:
this embodiment provides a flame detection method, adopt high accuracy flame detector, carry out compound detection through 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube and 0.2 mu m ultraviolet photosensitive tube to flame, the infrared spectral signal that detects supplies the singlechip to gather after carrying out multistage amplification through amplifying the acquisition circuit, the ultraviolet spectral signal that detects simultaneously carries out amplitude limiting plastic processing back by singlechip discernment through buffering shaping circuit, the singlechip carries out flame discernment according to infrared signal and the ultraviolet signal who gathers and judges, when judging that the fire alarm takes place, output fire alarm signal.
The single chip microcomputer is initialized when being powered on for the first time, then circularly collects ultraviolet signals and infrared signals, and carries out flame identification and judgment. When the fire alarm is judged to occur, a fire alarm signal is output, and when the timing interval is up, temperature compensation is carried out once. And finally outputting a fire alarm signal when the ultraviolet ray and the infrared ray simultaneously reach the fire alarm condition. In practical application, other functions such as sound-light alarm, bus information reporting and the like are added according to specific requirements.
Example 9:
on the basis of embodiment 8, this embodiment provides a flame detection method, and the specific process of the ultraviolet spectrum signal performing amplitude limiting shaping processing through the buffer shaping circuit is as follows: firstly, a diode V9 carries out voltage stabilization and amplitude limiting on an ultraviolet spectrum signal, the signal after amplitude limiting processing is a sawtooth wave pulse signal, then an R36 samples the ultraviolet sawtooth wave pulse signal, then the diode V8 clamps the ultraviolet sawtooth wave pulse signal to VDD, finally a Schmitt trigger D7 carries out shaping processing on the sawtooth wave signal obtained after amplitude limiting processing, and the signal after shaping processing is a standard square wave signal which can be accurately identified by a singlechip.
In summary, the present invention provides a high-precision flame detector, which includes an ultraviolet sensing circuit, an infrared sensing circuit, a temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit, a fire alarm signal output interface circuit, a communication bus interface circuit, etc. The singlechip is used as a central core processing control unit, and each circuit is electrically connected with the singlechip. The invention selects the narrow-band ultraviolet solar blind wave band with 0.2um as the center and the narrow-band infrared wave band with 4.3um as the center to carry out optical analysis, judgment and identification on the flame, can filter most of interference from a signal source, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and provides guarantee for the reliability and the detection precision of flame detection.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (10)
1. A high accuracy flame detector which characterized in that: the ultraviolet induction circuit and the infrared induction circuit are both in electric signal connection with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the power supply processing module;
the infrared induction circuit comprises an infrared photosensitive tube of 4.3 mu m and an amplification acquisition circuit which are electrically connected, and the ultraviolet induction circuit comprises a high-voltage power supply circuit, an ultraviolet photosensitive tube of 0.2 mu m and a buffer shaping circuit which are electrically connected in sequence.
2. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the temperature sampling and infrared calibration circuit is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
3. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the amplifying and collecting circuit is a multistage amplifying circuit.
4. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the amplification acquisition circuit is a four-stage amplification circuit, the first-stage amplification circuit comprises a resistor R14, a resistor R19, a resistor R17, an operational amplifier D2A, a capacitor C6 and a resistor R25, the output end of the 4.3 μm infrared photosensitive tube B2 is respectively connected with a resistor R14, a resistor R17 and a resistor R19, two ends of the resistor R19 are connected with the capacitor C19 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with one end of the capacitor C19 in parallel and then is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier D2 19, the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C19 in parallel, the negative input end of the operational amplifier D2 19 is connected with one end of the capacitor C19 and one end of the resistor R19 in parallel and then is connected with the resistor R19 and the capacitor C19 in parallel, the output end of the operational amplifier D2 19 is connected with the capacitor C19 in parallel and the positive output end of the operational amplifier D2 19, one end of the resistor R13 is connected in parallel with one end of the resistor R12 and one end of the capacitor C4, and the capacitor C7 is connected with the second-stage amplifying circuit;
the second stage amplifying circuit comprises an operational amplifier D2B, a resistor R21, a resistor R26, a resistor R27, a resistor R16, a resistor R18, a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C10, the other end of the capacitor C7 is connected in parallel with the positive input end of the operational amplifier D2B and one end of the resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with one end of a resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with one end of a capacitor C10 and one end of a resistor R27 in parallel and then is connected with the negative input end of an operational amplifier D2B, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected in parallel with the other end of the capacitor C10 and the other end of the resistor R27, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected with one end of a resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with one end of a resistor R18 and one end of a capacitor C8 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C8, the output end of the operational amplifier D2B is connected with a capacitor C29, and the capacitor C29 is connected with a third-stage amplifying circuit;
the positive input end of an operational amplifier D6A of the third-stage amplifying circuit is connected with a resistor R35, the resistor R35 is connected with a resistor R39, the resistor R39 is connected with a resistor R40 and a capacitor C32 in parallel and then is connected with the negative input end of an operational amplifier D6A, the resistor R40 is connected with one fixed end of an adjustable potentiometer RP2, the movable end of the adjustable potentiometer RP2 is connected with the other fixed end of an adjustable potentiometer RP2 and the output end of a capacitor C32 in parallel and then is connected with the output end of an operational amplifier D6A, the positive end of the operational amplifier D6A is connected with a capacitor C26, the output end of the operational amplifier D6A is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and one end of a capacitor C8269556 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected with one end of a resistor R31 and a capacitor C25 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R31 is connected with the other end of the;
the other end of the capacitor C30 is connected in parallel with the positive input end of an operational amplifier D6B of the fourth-stage amplifying circuit and one end of a resistor R38, the other end of the resistor R38 is connected with a resistor R41, the other end of the resistor R41 is connected in parallel with a resistor R42 and a capacitor C33 and then is connected with the negative input end of an operational amplifier D6B, the other ends of the resistor R42 and the capacitor C33 are both connected with the output end of an operational amplifier D6B, the output end of the operational amplifier D6B is connected with a resistor R34, the resistor R34 is connected in parallel with a resistor R37 and a capacitor C31, and the other end of the resistor R37 is connected with the other end of.
5. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the input end of the high-voltage power supply circuit is connected with a resistor R30 and a capacitor C27 in parallel, the other end of the capacitor C27 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with a 0.2 mu m ultraviolet photosensitive tube and a capacitor C28 in parallel, and the other end of the capacitor C28 is grounded.
6. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the buffer shaping circuit comprises a diode V9, a resistor R36, a diode V8, a capacitor C24 and a Schmidt trigger D7, the diode V9 and the resistor R36 are connected in parallel and then connected with the diode V8 and the Schmidt trigger in parallel, and the diode V9 and the resistor R36 are grounded.
7. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the power supply processing module comprises a capacitor C15 and a capacitor C11, one end of the capacitor C15 and one end of the capacitor C11 are connected in parallel with a power supply input end, the anode of the capacitor C11 is connected with the input end of a linear conversion power supply D3, two ends of the linear conversion power supply D3 are connected in parallel with a diode V5, the linear conversion power supply D3 is connected in series with a resistor R22, the output end of the linear conversion power supply D3 is connected in parallel with a capacitor C16, a capacitor C12, an inductor L1, a capacitor C17 and a capacitor C13 in sequence, a resistor R20 is connected in series between the capacitor C12 and the capacitor C17, and the inductor L1 is connected in series with a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3 in;
the positive electrode of the capacitor C13 is connected in parallel to the input end of the linear transformation power supply D4, the output end of the linear transformation power supply D4 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C14 and the capacitor C18, and the other ends of the capacitor C15, the capacitor C11, the resistor R22, the linear transformation power supply D3, the capacitor C16, the capacitor C12, the inductor L1, the capacitor C17, the capacitor C13, the resistor R23, the linear transformation power supply D4, the capacitor C14 and the capacitor C18 are all grounded.
8. A high precision flame detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the infrared calibration circuit comprises two circuits, one circuit comprises an adjustable potentiometer RP3, an incandescent micro lamp VL1 and a transistor V10 which are sequentially connected in series, the transistor V10 is connected with a resistor R46 and a resistor R47 in parallel, the transistor V10 and the resistor R47 are both grounded, the other end of the adjustable potentiometer RP3 is connected with a power supply, and the other end of the resistor R46 is connected with a single chip microcomputer;
the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is arranged on a main trunk of the other path, one end of the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is connected with a simulation power supply, the other end of the 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tube B2 is connected with a capacitor C9, a resistor R19 and a resistor R17 in parallel, the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with a capacitor C6, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the other end of the resistor R17 and then connected into an amplification acquisition circuit.
9. A flame detection method using the high-precision flame detector according to claim 6, characterized in that: flame is compositely detected through 4.3 mu m infrared photosensitive tubes and 0.2 mu m ultraviolet photosensitive tubes, detected infrared spectrum signals are collected by a single chip microcomputer after being subjected to multi-stage amplification through an amplification collecting circuit, simultaneously detected ultraviolet spectrum signals are identified by the single chip microcomputer after being subjected to amplitude limiting and shaping processing through a buffer shaping circuit, the single chip microcomputer carries out flame identification and judgment according to the collected infrared signals and ultraviolet signals, and when a fire alarm is judged to occur, a fire alarm signal is output.
10. A method of detecting flame as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the specific process of the ultraviolet spectrum signal for amplitude limiting and shaping processing through the buffer shaping circuit is as follows: firstly, a diode V9 carries out voltage stabilization and amplitude limiting on an ultraviolet spectrum signal, the signal after amplitude limiting processing is a sawtooth wave pulse signal, then an R36 samples the ultraviolet sawtooth wave pulse signal, then the diode V8 clamps the ultraviolet sawtooth wave pulse signal to VDD, finally a Schmitt trigger D7 carries out shaping processing on the sawtooth wave signal obtained after amplitude limiting processing, and the signal after shaping processing is a standard square wave signal which can be accurately identified by a singlechip.
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