CN112178110B - 一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器 - Google Patents

一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器 Download PDF

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CN112178110B
CN112178110B CN202011028774.7A CN202011028774A CN112178110B CN 112178110 B CN112178110 B CN 112178110B CN 202011028774 A CN202011028774 A CN 202011028774A CN 112178110 B CN112178110 B CN 112178110B
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liquid
inner cylinder
cavity
rubber
inertia
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CN112178110A (zh
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代志雄
钱峰
程起有
冯志壮
朱艳
刘晨
孙凤楠
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China Helicopter Research and Development Institute
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/085Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by features of plastics springs; Attachment arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/102Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of flexible walls of equilibration chambers; decoupling or self-tuning means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/10Enclosure elements, e.g. for protection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于直升机振动控制技术设计领域,公开了一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器,这种液弹隔振器由金属内外筒、弹性橡胶和填充液体组成,可通过端部接口安装在机械设备上,来达到隔振的目的。同时将液‑弹隔振器连通上下液腔的惯性通道设置成可拆卸连接,针对需要的隔振频率,设计不同的参数尺寸的惯性通道,通过组装来达到变频的效果。除此之外由于可拆卸的设计,针对橡胶老化、漏液等情况可以根据出现故障的部位进行调换,更加便捷而且节约制作成本。

Description

一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器
技术领域
本发明属于直升机振动控制技术设计领域,具体涉及一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器。
背景技术
机械设备均存在振动问题,过高的振动会降低结构和电子设备的使用寿命,降低设备的操控和使用精度,影响操纵、乘坐人员的乘坐舒适性等,液-弹隔振器利用了反共振隔振原理,隔振效率非常高,同时采用液体作为惯性元件,液-弹隔振器在重量效率、可靠性、维护性等方面又优于传统的机械式动力反共振隔振器。
目前设计的液弹隔振器的只针对固定频率点或较窄的带宽内能够发挥隔振效果,除此之外液弹隔振器作为一个整体隔振器件,目前只能做到液体的填充及更换,一旦出现橡胶老化、上下液腔漏液等情况,整个液弹隔振器均需更换,很难再循环利用,成本更高且周期更长,增加了液弹隔振器的使用成本。
发明内容
本发明采用可拆卸式的惯性通道替代固定的惯性通道,并且将惯性通道内部设计成螺旋式结构,这样可以根据隔振需求,设计不同的通道长度以及通道的半径,达到隔振器的变频效果,而且能够保证液体的密封性以及结构的安全性。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现。
一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器,包括:外筒2、内筒4、橡胶6;
其中,所述内筒4包含三段结构,分别为内筒上部结构,内筒中部结构,以及内筒下部结构;内筒中部结构的两端分别设置有螺纹结构;
所述内筒上部结构通过橡胶6和外筒2硫化在一起;
所述内筒中部结构通过两端的螺纹结构分别与内筒上部结构、内筒下部结构螺纹连接在一起。
本发明技术方案的特点和进一步的改进为:
(1)所述内筒下部结构构成下液腔;
内筒上部结构和外筒构成上液腔。
(2)所述内筒的中部结构内设置有惯性通道7,且所述惯性通道的长度可调。
(3)所述惯性通道为螺旋式结构。
(4)所述惯性通道和内筒中部结构为一体结构。
(5)所述下液腔内还设置有橡胶隔片9和体积补偿腔10。
(6)下液腔和体积补偿腔10被橡胶隔片9隔开。
(7)液体密封在上液腔5、下液腔8及惯性通道7内,液体可通过惯性通道7在上下两个腔内流动。
本发明实施例提供的一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器,首先液弹隔振器能在特定的频率点或频率范围内,液体在弹性橡胶的作用下,在惯性通道内高速来回流动,类似于一个动力反共振吸振器,从而实现特定频率下大幅降低振动的目的。本方案的另一个关键点是惯性通道采用可拆卸式的设计构造,可以针对工作环境的需要,更换不同长度及半径的惯性通道来改变隔振器的隔振频率点或频率范围,达到一个可变频率隔振的效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的可组装式调频的液弹隔振器二维模型图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的可组装式调频的液弹隔振器截面图;
其中,1-连接振源接口;2-外筒;3-连接螺栓;4-内筒;5-上液腔;6-橡胶;7-惯性通道;8-下液腔;9-橡胶隔片;10-体积补偿腔;11-连接机体接口。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明具体技术方案进行详细说明。
本发明实施例提供的一种串联于主传递通道的液弹隔振装置,如图1所示,由金属外壳、体积补偿腔、弹性橡胶、液体、液体通道组成(如图2所示)。具体为:1、连接振源接口;2、外筒;3、连接螺栓;4、内筒;5、上液腔;6、橡胶;7、惯性通道;8、下液腔;9、橡胶隔片;10、体积补偿腔;11、连接机体接口。
装置的内筒(4)、外筒(2)之间通过橡胶(6)硫化在一起,橡胶(6)、内筒(4)上端、外筒(2)构成的空腔为上液腔(5)、内筒的另一端下液腔(8)和体积补偿腔(10)被橡胶隔片(9)隔开,内筒中部设有可拆卸的空腔惯性通道(7),液体密封在上液腔(5)、下液腔(8)及惯性通道(7)等空腔内,液体可通过惯性通道(7)在上下两个腔内流动。
该上述隔振装置的是一种动力反共振式的隔振装置,其技术原理在于:
假设上腔的顶部面积为Au,下腔的底部面积为Ad,惯性通道的面积为A0,液室顶部橡胶弹簧的动态刚度为K1,液室底部的空气等效刚度为K2,惯性通道中的液体质量为m,外壳的质量为M2,需减振的机械设备的质量为M1
在垂向力fw的作用下,上端设备M1的位移为x1,内筒M2的位移为x2。惯性通道内液体移动的位移为x0,下腔液体相对于外壳移动的位移为xd。规定向上为正。下腔底部所受液体的压力记为fd,下腔的压强记为pd,上腔顶部所受液体的压力记为fu,上腔的压强记为pu,液体的压力方向与它作用面的法向同向,故压强为标量,没有方向,压强的正负表示相对于原平衡位置时压强的增大或减小。
通过推导得到整个系统的力学方程,矩阵形式如下:
Figure BDA0002700961760000031
其中i为虚数单位,η为橡胶的损耗系数,c为橡胶阻尼系数。
求解上述方程,即可得到液弹隔振系统的无阻尼隔振频率:
Figure BDA0002700961760000041
其中:f为隔振频率,K1、K2分别为橡胶弹簧和橡胶薄膜的刚度,R1,R2分别为上、下液腔与惯性通道的面积比,m为惯性通道内流动的液体质量。
由此可以看出,通过调整液体通道的直径和长度,即可调整液-弹隔振装置的隔振频率,从而在某个特定的频率范围内,极大的降低振动传递率。
同时可推导处液弹隔振器的静刚度为:
Figure BDA0002700961760000042
出于设计角度考虑,液-弹隔振器的静刚度主要由橡胶K1提供。
首先液弹隔振器能在特定的频率点或频率范围内,液体在弹性橡胶的作用下,在惯性通道内高速来回流动,类似于一个动力反共振吸振器,从而实现特定频率下大幅降低振动的目的。本方案的另一个关键点是惯性通道采用可拆卸式的设计构造,可以针对工作环境的需要,更换不同长度及半径的惯性通道来改变隔振器的隔振频率点或频率范围,达到一个可变频率隔振的效果。
本发明实施例提供的一种可变频率的液-弹隔振器,包括上液体腔壳、下液体腔壳、外筒、内筒、弹性橡胶和填充液体,既能有效传递静载荷,提供很好的静态支撑,又能更换惯性通道尺寸来变频隔振,降低振动传递率,同时维护更换非常方便。
该发明的液-弹隔振器主要由金属内外筒、弹性橡胶和填充液体组成,可通过端部接口安装在机械设备上,来达到隔振的目的。同时将液-弹隔振器连通上下液腔的惯性通道设置成可拆卸连接,针对需要的隔振频率,设计不同的参数尺寸的惯性通道,通过组装来达到变频的效果。除此之外由于可拆卸的设计,针对橡胶老化、漏液等情况可以根据出现故障的部位进行调换,更加便捷而且节约制作成本。
本发明的高置平尾支撑在垂尾上的尾部结构的强度设计方法中,高置平尾非对称载荷与垂尾气动载荷分布存在多种组合状态。尾部结构包含尾梁和垂尾,在垂尾和尾梁的强度设计时,与传统的设计思路不同的是考虑平尾非对称载荷产生的力矩对垂尾及尾梁强度的影响,排除由于平尾非对称载荷影响导致尾梁及垂尾在飞行过程中存在的安全隐患。

Claims (1)

1.一种可组装式调频的液弹隔振器,其特征在于,包括:外筒(2)、内筒(4) 、 橡胶(6);其中,所述内筒(4)包含三段结构,分别为内筒上部结构,内筒中部结构,以及内筒下部结构;内筒中部结构的两端分别设置有螺纹结构;
所述内筒上部结构通过橡胶(6)和外筒(2)硫化在一起;
所述内筒中部结构通过两端的螺纹结构分别与内筒上部结构、内筒下部结构螺纹连接在一起;
所述内筒下部结构构成下液腔:内筒上部结构和外筒构成上液腔;
所述内筒的中部结构内设置有惯性通道(7),且所述惯性通道的长度可调;惯性通道采用可拆卸式的设计构造,针对工作环境的需要,更换不同长度及半径的惯性通道来改变隔振器的隔振频率点或频率范围;
所述惯性通道为螺旋式结构;
所述惯性通道和内筒中部结构为一体结构;
所述下液腔内还设置有橡胶隔片(9)和体积补偿腔(10);
下液腔和体积补偿腔(10)被橡胶隔片(9)隔开;
液体密封在上液腔(5)、下液腔(8)及惯性通道(7)内,液体可通过惯性通道(7)在上下两个腔内流动。
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