CN112175224A - 一种提高fdm 3d打印tpu鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高fdm 3d打印tpu鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，该方法利用微波辐照来解决利用FDM 3D技术打印TPU鞋材所引起的层间粘接强度弱的难题。本发明通过引入微波辐照，进而可在短时间内提高高分子链的运动活性，从而有效地促进了3D打印TPU鞋材层与层之间高分子链的渗透、融合，提高它们之间的作用力，减轻随打印方向不同产生的机械性能下降程度，拓展打印鞋材的功能和应用范围，更好的满足个性化的需求。本发明得到的经过微波辐照处理后的FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材的机械性能得以明显改善，有效解决FDM 3D打印成型件层与层之间粘结不紧，容易开裂、断裂等的问题，使得FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材实用性得到很大的提高，有助于推动FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材的应用推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于3D打印技术领域，具体涉及一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法。
背景技术
随着新一代工业革命的到来，未来制造业将迎来新一轮浪潮，数字化和智能化将成为其发展趋势。其中3D打印技术作为一种全新的增材制造方式出现在人们面前，并广受关注。伴随着3D打印技术的逐渐发展，其已经开始运用在越来越多的行业中，其中包括服装鞋材行业。3D打印作为一种快速成型技术，整个过程一次成型，没有任何剪裁产生的浪费，可以节约大量劳动力和材料成本，同时使鞋服定制等相关行业有了全新的发展方向。
柔软而富有弹性的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)一直备受3D打印技术的青睐。越来越多的3D打印TPU材料都应用在各个领域，尤其是应用在3D打印鞋底。TPU柔性材料鞋底，重量轻、透气性好、环保、耐磨、高弹、耐黄变。
在传统的柔性TPU材料3D打印技术应用中，采用FDM 3D打印技术将丝状的TPU材料成型。但FDM打印成型过程中，由于熔融沉积层与已成型层温度间距大，且用于打印的线材由于熔融后冷却收缩不均匀而产生内应力，都会使得打印制品层与层之间粘结力较弱，从而极易出现表面粗糙、变形翘曲等问题。研究FDM技术中出现的卷翘变形现象，解决制品层与层之间粘接强度较弱的问题则是其中关键。
微波辐照是微波向热能的转变，通过物体吸收微波转换成热能，使材料迅速升温并伴随着一系列物理、化学的变化，从而实现传统意义上材料所难达到的效果。能量转变的方法有很多，如离子传导、偶极子转动、界面极化、磁滞、核磁共振等，微波加热中的离子传导与偶极子转动是其主要原理。传统意义上的传导、对流等加热方法，热能是从微波炉的内部向材料进行传递，即热能是从表至里进行传导，因此材料中存在着不可避免的温度梯度。微波加热是通过材料对微波电磁场反应，如通过被加热材料内部的偶极分子随着电磁场变化而往复运动，以“内部摩擦生热”的方式让被加热材料的温度迅速升高，不需要通过任何的热传导过程，就能做到材料的内部与外部同时加热、同时升温，且消耗的能量低，仅需传统的加热方法能耗的几分之一或几十分之一就能达到效果。
发明内容
针对现有技术的情况和不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，通过微波辐照解决FDM 3D打印TPU制品的层与层之间粘结强度较弱的问题，研制出低成本、操作简单、高强度、高弹性的TPU 3D打印制品，对推动3D成型技术在制鞋领域的规模化应用，具有十分重要的实用价值。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案是：一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，该方法是利用微波辐照来解决利用FDM 3D技术打印TPU鞋材所引起的层间粘接强度弱的难题。
所述微波辐照的功率为100-2000W，微波辐照的时间为20s-60min。
所述的TPU鞋材的材料为聚氨酯或改性聚氨酯复合材料。
进一步的，所述的改性聚氨酯复合材料为非铁电填料改性聚氨酯复合材料、铁电填料改性聚氨酯复合材料或导电填料改性聚氨酯复合材料中的一种。
所述的非铁电填料为二氧化硅、滑石粉、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、二氧化钛中的一种或几种的组合。
所述的铁电填料为钛酸钡、钽酸锂、钛酸铅、锆酸铅、钛酸锶钡中的一种或几种的组合。
所述的导电填料为碳纳米管、石墨烯、气相生长碳纤维、炭黑、导电石墨中的一种或几种的组合。
本发明有益效果是通过微波辐照修复FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材层与层之间粘结较弱的问题，提高打印鞋材强度和耐疲劳性能，为3D打印技术在制鞋业的规模化应用提供依据。具体而言，本发明通过引入微波辐照，进而可在短时间内提高高分子链的运动活性，从而有效地促进了3D打印TPU鞋材层与层之间高分子链的渗透、融合，提高它们之间的作用力，减轻随打印方向不同产生的机械性能下降程度，拓展打印鞋材的功能和应用范围，更好的满足个性化的需求。本发明经过微波辐照处理后的FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材的机械性能得以明显改善，有效解决FDM 3D打印成型件层与层之间粘结不紧，容易开裂、断裂等的问题，使得FDM3D打印TPU鞋材实用性得到很大的提高，有助于推动FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材的应用推广。
附图说明
图1为FDM打印制品的设计图；
图2为FDM打印实物的光学照片；
图3为微波辐射处理对鞋材用TPU 3D打印制品层间粘合效果的显微镜图，其中(a)为对比例未进行微波处理，(b)为实施例4经过微波处理。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的发明是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例以TPU或其复合材料为打印材料，为了便于测试，打印制品为标准测试样条和空间网格状实物。
实施例1
将TPU线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T 1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率300W，后处理的时间120s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例2
将二氧化硅/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率800W，后处理的时间180s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例3
将钛酸钡/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率1500W，后处理的时间30s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例4
将碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率300W，后处理的时间300s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例5
将滑石粉/碳酸钙/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率800W，后处理的时间420s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例6
将钽酸锂/钛酸铅/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率1500W，后处理的时间240s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例7
将石墨烯/气相生长碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T 1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率800W，后处理的时间600s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例8
将硫酸钡/氧化铝/氮化硼/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T 1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率1500W，后处理的时间420s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例9
将锆酸铅/钛酸锶钡/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率500W，后处理的时间240s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例10
将氮化铝/二氧化钛/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率360W，后处理的时间320s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
实施例11
将炭黑/导电石墨/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后进行微波辐照后处理。微波处理器功率900W，后处理的时间120s，降温后取出，测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
对比例
将实施例4使用碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料线材利用FDM 3D打印机按照GB/T 1040.2-2006有关拉伸性能测试标准和图1打印测试评估件，而后测试3D打印制品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐折性能(依据GB/T3903.1-1994标准)。
表1为实施例和对比例所得3D打印制品的拉伸性能和耐折性能，由表1可见，经微波辐照处理后，FDM 3D打印TPU制品的拉伸性能与耐折性能显著提升，尤其是添加铁电与导电填料的聚氨酯复合材料，其改善效果则更为显著。
图3为微波辐射处理对鞋材用TPU 3D打印制品层间粘合效果的显微镜图，由图3可见，经微波辐照后，FDM制品的层与层之间的纹理已变得较为模糊，宏观上体现出较强的一致性，这与微波辐照后3D打印制品的拉伸与耐折性能显著提升的效果也是一致的。
表1微波处理对FDM 3D打印制品的拉伸性能和耐折性能的影响
Claims (7)
1.一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：对FDM 3D技术打印TPU鞋材进行微波辐照处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：所述微波辐照的功率为100-2000W，微波辐照的时间为20s-60min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：所述的TPU鞋材的材料为聚氨酯或改性聚氨酯复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：所述的改性聚氨酯复合材料为非铁电填料改性聚氨酯复合材料、铁电填料改性聚氨酯复合材料或导电填料改性聚氨酯复合材料中的一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：所述的非铁电填料为二氧化硅、滑石粉、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、二氧化钛中的一种或几种的组合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：所述的铁电填料为钛酸钡、钽酸锂、钛酸铅、锆酸铅、钛酸锶钡中的一种或几种的组合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种提高FDM 3D打印TPU鞋材拉伸和耐折性能的方法，其特征在于：所述的导电填料为碳纳米管、石墨烯、气相生长碳纤维、炭黑、导电石墨中的一种或几种的组合。
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