CN112174595A - Multifunctional base material for outer wall and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Multifunctional base material for outer wall and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112174595A
CN112174595A CN202010670360.8A CN202010670360A CN112174595A CN 112174595 A CN112174595 A CN 112174595A CN 202010670360 A CN202010670360 A CN 202010670360A CN 112174595 A CN112174595 A CN 112174595A
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exterior wall
cement
water
base material
agent
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刘鑫
洪德明
黄健
赵旭阳
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Weidesi New Materials Shanghai Co ltd
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Weidesi New Materials Shanghai Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08—Slag cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/50—Flexible or elastic materials
    • C04B2111/503—Elastic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

Abstract

The invention discloses an outer wall multifunctional base material and a preparation method thereof, wherein novel expanded microspheres are mainly used as thermal insulation aggregates, and the outer wall multifunctional base material has the characteristics of thermal insulation, sound insulation and crack resistance when being applied to an outer wall, and can enable the thermal insulation base material to have higher coating rate. The invention has the characteristics of high shear resistance, light weight, leveling, water resistance, fire resistance, light weight, good elasticity and environmental protection while being used as a heat-insulating, sound-insulating and anti-cracking base material.

Description

Multifunctional base material for outer wall and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building base materials, and particularly relates to an outer wall multifunctional base material taking expanded microspheres as thermal insulation aggregate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development and application of the external wall heat insulation technology, a variety of applicable and external wall heat insulation materials appear in the market, and the application scenes of the materials are different, but the materials have irreconcilable contradictions on various important performance parameters. The common external heat-insulating layer at present comprises: EPS/XPS insulation boards, rock wool boards, inorganic insulation mortar, vitrified micro bubbles insulation materials and the like. These thermal insulation materials have various characteristics, but also have various problems.
Several common insulating layers have obvious disadvantages:
EPS/XPS insulation board: the advantages are excellent heat insulating property, water resistance and impact resistance. The defects of low strength and poor bearing capacity; the flame retardant property is poor, and a large amount of toxic gas can be released during combustion; in construction, the requirement on the flatness of the wall is high; the construction process is complicated, needs to be bonded by a binder, reinforced by grid cloth, added with an anchoring part and the like; the material is easy to age and shrink, so that splicing cracks appear, and the phenomena of large-area falling off and the like caused by wind pressure often appear on high floors.
2. Rock wool board: has the advantages that the heat conductivity coefficient is very small; the chemical stability is strong; and is a class a fire-resistant material. The rock wool heat-insulation board has the advantages that the rock wool heat-insulation board is loose and has large water absorption capacity, so that redundant water can be easily accumulated in the rock wool board, and the weight borne by the heat-insulation layer can be increased after long-time accumulation, so that the heat-insulation layer falls off, and the repair rate is high; the working procedures of the rock wool heat-insulation board are very complicated, and the construction period is long; the material is difficult to be matched and compatible with various materials in an external heat insulation system, and quality problems are easy to occur in the future; the system is very easy to crack, leak and even fall off, and the like, and is difficult to have the same service life as the building.
3. Inorganic thermal mortar: the advantages are that the fireproof and flame-retardant effects are achieved; the service life is long; the engineering cost is lower. The disadvantage is that the heat preservation effect is worse than that of the organic heat preservation material; the sound insulation effect is general; the flexibility is poor; the heat insulation material of the product is very easy to be broken in the stirring process, and the heat insulation effect and the quality stability of the product are influenced. In addition, with the continuous upgrading of heat preservation technology, some heat preservation putty improved according to heat preservation mortar products appears, at present, most of heat preservation putty uses hollow glass beads, vitrified beads and the like as heat preservation aggregate, but various problems exist, such as loose materials; the added materials are not environment-friendly; is not shear resistant; is fragile under high-speed stirring, and cannot meet the requirement of using machine spraying in engineering.
The patent with application number 201110411371.5 discloses an elastic fluorocarbon heat-insulating coating, a preparation method and a use method thereof, which adopt hollow glass beads and hollow high-molecular polymers, but adopt fluororesin organic matters as base materials and account for the maximum component proportion, namely: 55-65. The organic base material can release a large amount of aromatic compounds which are toxic and harmful to human bodies in the actual decoration and use process, the increasing requirements of the market on the environmental protection performance are difficult to meet, the organic base material can be used after long-time waiting after being used by a building, and the decoration period and the time cost are greatly increased; in the aspect of fire resistance, although fluorocarbon paint is safe and nontoxic below the decomposition temperature, once a fire breaks out, various toxic harmful gases such as phosgene, fluoroolefin and the like can be released; and the heat-insulating coating is high in cost due to the fact that a large amount of organic matter components are applied, and cannot be applied in many scenes needing to control cost.
The patent with application number 201810165769 discloses a heat-insulating and sound-insulating putty paste for interior walls and a preparation method thereof, wherein nano-scale hollow microbeads and micron-scale hollow expandable elastic microbeads are adopted, rock wool is adopted, and the components of the putty paste contain synthetic resin emulsion. The technical scheme has obvious defects, firstly, the materials are expensive, and practical production and application are difficult to realize; as mentioned in the background section, the rock wool is easy to absorb excessive moisture and is easy to accumulate for a long time to cause the specific gravity of the heat insulation layer to increase, and accidents caused by falling of the rock wool are common, and considering that synthetic resin emulsion and bentonite slurry are also used as cementing materials in the formula, the two materials are hydrophilic materials, so that the water resistance of the finished product is poor, the bonding strength is low after water resistance is achieved, and the danger of use is further increased; in addition, the putty paste provided by the prior art is difficult to be constructed thickly at one time in construction, and multiple constructions are needed to increase the construction cost and time cost if the heat preservation effect is achieved; and the adopted synthetic resin emulsion can also cause formaldehyde release, and cannot meet the current requirements on environmental protection performance.
As an inorganic gelling agent, the cement has the advantages of water resistance, fire resistance, high strength, excellent flame retardance, environmental friendliness and low cost. However, cement-based products in the prior art still have a plurality of problems, and based on the characteristics of cement, the specific gravity of the conventional cement-based products is too large, and the conventional cement-based products cannot independently play the effective heat preservation, heat insulation and sound insulation effects, so that the cement with single component cannot be used as a heat preservation base material of an outer wall, and is not a light product.
The external wall heat-insulating building base material in the prior art has defects, and has irreconcilable contradictions in aspects of use safety, sound insulation performance, water resistance, fire resistance, heat insulation performance, coating rate and specific gravity reaching the required strength.
In view of this, it is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to design a multifunctional base material for an exterior wall, which has a high coating rate, and has the characteristics of good heat preservation and insulation effect, high shear resistance, light weight, leveling, water resistance, fire resistance, sound insulation and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides an outer wall multifunctional base material.
The multifunctional base material for the outer wall is realized in the following mode.
The multifunctional base material for the outer wall comprises the following basic components: inorganic gelling material comprising a cement component, a filler, expanded microspheres.
Still further, an auxiliary agent is included.
Further, the multifunctional base material comprises fibers for increasing the cracking resistance and the flexibility of the multifunctional base material for the outer wall.
Still further, the expanded microspheres are hollow structures.
Further, the expanded microspheres are thermoplastic high molecular polymer microspheres.
Still further, the expanded microspheres have a particle size of less than 300 microns.
Furthermore, the auxiliary agent is one or more of a water-retaining agent, rubber powder, a water repellent, a retarder, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent and active metakaolin.
Furthermore, the rubber powder is one or more of vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer rubber (Vac/E), ethylene, vinyl chloride and vinyl monthly silicate ester ternary copolymer rubber powder (E/Vc/VL), vinyl acetate, ethylene and higher fatty acid vinyl ester ternary copolymer rubber powder (Vac/E/VeoVa), vinyl acetate and higher fatty acid vinyl ester copolymer rubber powder (Vac/VeoVa), acrylic ester and styrene copolymer rubber powder (A/S), vinyl acetate, acrylic ester and higher fatty acid vinyl ester ternary copolymer rubber powder, and is used for increasing the flexibility and the bonding strength of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall.
Furthermore, the water-retaining agent is one or more of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), Methyl Cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) and the modified products, and is used for prolonging the opening time of the multifunctional base material for the outer wall in the tank after being stirred by adding water, so that the inorganic gel material is fully hydrated, the bonding strength and the compressive strength are improved, the drying speed is slowed down after the multifunctional base material is placed on the wall, and the construction performance is better.
Furthermore, the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, tartaric acid and potassium tartrate, and is used for slowing down the drying speed of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall after being stirred by adding water, increasing the opening time and prolonging the construction time.
Furthermore, the early strength agent is one or two of calcium formate and lithium carbonate, and is used for improving the early bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall after the outer wall is mounted on the outer wall.
Furthermore, the water reducing agent is one or more of a high-performance polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, casein, a lignin water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent and a melamine formaldehyde condensation compound, is used for reducing the water consumption of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall in the water adding and mixing process to a greater extent, and can effectively improve the bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the product.
Further, the active metakaolin is anhydrous aluminum silicate (Al)2O3·2SiO2AS2 for short) high-strength high-performance high-mineral admixture, which is used for participating in hydration reaction and increasing the bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall after being stirred by adding water.
Furthermore, the water repellent is one or more of organic silicon hydrophobic rubber powder or silane-based additives, and is used for reducing the water absorption capacity of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall after the outer wall is mounted on the wall and improving the water resistance of the system.
Further, the fiber is one or more of wood fiber, PP fiber, rock wool fiber, glass fiber, metal fiber, carbon fiber and ceramic fiber.
Still further, the inorganic cementitious material is cement.
Further, the cement is one or more of portland cement, ordinary portland cement, portland slag cement, portland pozzolana cement, portland fly ash cement, composite portland cement, high alumina cement, and portland sulphoaluminate cement.
Furthermore, the filler is one or more of heavy calcium powder, light calcium powder, quartz sand and vitrified micro bubbles.
Further, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: inorganic gelling material: 15-55; filling: 37.2 to 75.25; expanded microspheres: 0.1 to 5; water-retaining agent: 0 to 1; rubber powder: 0 to 8; water repellent: 0 to 0.2; retarder: 0 to 1; water reducing agent: 0 to 0.4; early strength agent: 0 to 1; active metakaolin: 0 to 5; fiber: 0 to 2.
Further, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cement: 15-55; heavy calcium: 27.2 to 70.25; quartz sand: 0 to 5; vitrification of the micro-beads: 0 to 10; expanded microspheres: 0.1 to 5; water-retaining agent: 0 to 1; rubber powder: 0 to 8; water repellent: 0 to 0.2; retarder: 0 to 1; water reducing agent: 0 to 0.4; early strength agent: 0 to 1; active metakaolin: 0 to 5; wood fiber: 0 to 1; PP fiber: 0 to 1.
A method of making an exterior wall multi-functional substrate comprising the steps of:
1. putting an inorganic cementing material with the component ratio of 15-55 into an open mixer;
2. adding the following auxiliary agents into a mixer: water-retaining agent: 0 to 1; rubber powder: 0 to 8; water repellent: 0 to 0.2; retarder: 0 to 1; water reducing agent: 0 to 0.4; early strength agent: 0 to 1; active metakaolin: 0 to 5; fiber: 0 to 2;
3. adding expanded microspheres with the component ratio of 0.1-5 into a mixer;
4. adding a filler with a component ratio of 37.2-75.25 into a mixer;
5. and stirring fully to obtain the multifunctional base material for the outer wall.
The multifunctional base material for the outer wall adopts cement as a base material, is used as a high-strength inorganic cementing material, has very excellent fire resistance and environmental protection performance compared with the traditional organic material, and has higher strength and better water resistance compared with a plurality of inorganic cementing materials; meanwhile, the cement has longer open time and high coating rate, has natural advantages in engineering application and greatly reduces the construction cost; in order to solve the problem of light weight, the specific gravity of the cement with single component is consideredToo large, the density adopted by the invention is only 20-40Kg/m3The expanded microspheres are used as thermal insulation aggregate, and the volume of the microspheres accounts for 30-70% of the volume of the multifunctional base material for the inner wall, so that the defect of overlarge specific gravity of the traditional cement material is avoided, and the multifunctional base material for the outer wall has the advantage of light weight; in the aspect of heat preservation performance, the expanded microspheres of the heat preservation aggregate are thermoplastic high polymer microspheres with hollow structures, and excellent heat preservation performance is realized by adding a large amount of expanded microspheres with heat conductivity coefficient close to that of air into the materials; in the aspect of sound insulation performance, the rebound resilience shell of the expanded microsphere can effectively weaken the transmission of sound so as to achieve the effects of sound insulation and shock absorption, and meanwhile, the shear resistance is provided for the multifunctional base material of the outer wall, and the fibers which can be added in the invention also have the effects of sound absorption and shock absorption; in the aspect of resilience performance, the resilience shell of the expanded microsphere enables the material of the invention to play a good role in protecting resilience in certain scenes, such as when a body part accidentally hits against a wall, and can ensure that the heat-insulating aggregate shell is not damaged under high-speed stirring; in the aspect of coating rate, the volume of the microspheres accounts for 30-70% of the volume of the material, so that the coating rate of the whole material is also remarkably improved; in the aspect of leveling anti-cracking performance, the particle size of the expanded microspheres is only dozens of microns, and the expanded microspheres and the filler can better achieve the optimal gradation, so that the leveling anti-cracking effect is achieved;
therefore, by applying the expanded microspheres to the cement-based outer wall base material, the invention greatly reduces the specific gravity of the product and simultaneously achieves the performances of low thermal conductivity, sound insulation, crack resistance and the like which cannot be achieved by the traditional thermal insulation mortar. Meanwhile, the product retains the advantages of high strength, water resistance, fire resistance and long opening time of the cement-based material.
Meanwhile, the multifunctional base material for the outer wall meets the increasingly demanded environmental protection performance of governments and the public, and especially realizes the emission of formaldehyde 0. And the cost of the raw materials of the cement is low, so that the total manufacturing cost is greatly reduced when the cement is used as the base material of the invention, and the product has excellent performance and outstanding economical efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
firstly, the invention has higher coating rate, and the elastic heat-insulating aggregate can not be damaged under high-speed stirring, thereby being easy to use and not increasing unnecessary construction cost;
secondly, the invention has high shear resistance, simultaneously maintains very low specific gravity by adopting a large amount of expanded microspheres, and is a high-strength light material;
thirdly, the invention has good heat preservation and insulation effects and excellent water resistance and fire resistance;
fourthly, the inorganic cementing material is adopted as a base material, and compared with the traditional organic material, the inorganic cementing material meets the increasingly improved environmental protection performance requirements of governments and the public, and especially realizes the emission of 0-degree formaldehyde;
fifthly, the invention can effectively weaken the transmission of sound and has excellent sound insulation and shock absorption effects;
sixthly, the invention has excellent leveling and anti-cracking effects;
seventh, the invention has good resilience performance, and can effectively protect human body when accidental impact occurs;
eighth, the present invention uses inorganic materials in large quantities, and the total production cost is low, and the use of the inorganic materials as the base material of the present invention greatly reduces the total manufacturing cost.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the present invention are described in detail below. However, the present invention should be understood not to be limited to such an embodiment described below, and the technical idea of the present invention may be implemented in combination with other known techniques or other techniques having the same functions as those of the known techniques.
In the following examples, the standard bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine model YHS-229WJ-20kN, available from Shanghai Yihuan instruments & science and technology Co., Ltd, the thermal conductivity was measured using a plate method in GB10294, the flexibility was measured using a QTB putty flexibility measuring instrument from Tianjin Sheng Xin Dai laboratory facilities Co., Ltd, and a QKL-II initial drying cracking resistance tester.
The preparation method of the multifunctional base material for the outer wall in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. starting a dry powder mixer;
2. firstly, adding weighed inorganic cementing materials into a mixer;
3. weighing all the additives (water-retaining agent, rubber powder, retarder, water repellent, water reducing agent, active metakaolin and fiber), and adding into a mixer;
4. adding the weighed expanded microspheres of the thermal insulation material into a mixer;
5. finally, adding the weighed filler into a mixer and stirring for 30 min;
6. sampling and detecting;
7. and (5) finishing production, discharging and packaging when the sample is in a dry powder state and a state after water is added and stirred is the same as that of the standard sample.
The examples 1 to 9 and the comparative product (commercial thermal mortar) were subjected to comparative tests under identical conditions, and the basic properties thereof were examined, including: workability, sanding property, heat conductivity coefficient, combustion grade, bonding strength, flexibility, water resistance, alkali resistance, sound insulation index, specific gravity and water absorption.
Figure BDA0002582064760000091
Figure BDA0002582064760000101
Example one
1. The water-retaining agent is not added, the opening time of the material in a barrel after being stirred by adding water is short, the surface drying is fast after the material is put on a wall, the material is scattered, the construction performance is poor, but the test performance can meet the GB requirement;
2. the addition amount of cement is low, the inorganic cementing material in the system is less, the bonding strength is low, and the compressive and flexural strength is also low;
3. the use level of the rubber powder is increased, so that the flexibility and the bonding strength of the product are greatly increased, and the effect of increasing the water absorption capacity of the product is brought.
4. The early strength of the product is slowly increased without adding an early strength agent, but the bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength can still reach 100% after 7 days of curing.
Example two
1. The addition amount of the water-retaining agent is large, the product viscosity is large, and the cutter adhesion is severe in the construction process; the product has longer opening time, and the next procedure can be carried out by prolonging the maintenance time, so that the construction period is prolonged;
2. the addition amount of the water-retaining agent is large, the water-retaining property of the product is very good, the cement in the system is fully hydrated, and the bonding strength and the compressive strength are better improved;
3. the water-retaining agent has larger addition amount, larger product viscosity, higher wrapping property and adhesiveness to the heat-insulating material and easier adhesion to a base layer;
4. the adhesive powder (redispersible emulsion powder) is not added, so that the bonding strength of the product is reduced, but the requirement of being more than or equal to 0.2MPa can be still met.
EXAMPLE III
1. The cement has larger addition amount, increases the bonding strength, the compressive and flexural strength and the water resistance of the product, but increases the heat conductivity coefficient of the product.
2. The addition amount of the early strength agent is large, the early bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the product can be effectively improved, but the loss of the later strength is large.
3. The addition amount of the water reducing agent is large, the water consumption in the product mixing process is reduced to a greater extent, and the bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the product can be effectively improved.
Example four
1. The water repellent is not added, the water repellent effect of the material is poor, and the water absorption capacity of the product is relatively increased after the product is put on the wall;
2. the expanded microspheres have larger addition amount, the material bulk density is greatly reduced, and the product is really light; meanwhile, the heat conductivity coefficient is greatly reduced, and a better effect on heat preservation is achieved;
3. the addition amount of the expanded microspheres is large, the product is loose, and the bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength are influenced.
EXAMPLE five
1. The addition amount of the expanded microspheres is low, and the product has certain heat insulation performance but high heat conductivity coefficient.
2. The addition amount of the retarder is large, so that the opening time and the operable time of the product under the high-temperature condition can be effectively increased, but the later-stage bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the product are slightly reduced.
EXAMPLE six
1. The addition amount of the wood fiber and the PP fiber is larger, so that the cracking resistance and the flexibility of the product are greatly increased.
EXAMPLE seven
1. The product has no addition of wood fiber and PP fiber, has less remarkable cracking resistance and flexibility than the sixth example, and can still meet the requirements
Figure BDA0002582064760000121
No cracking requirement.
Example eight
1. In the eighth embodiment, the water reducing agent is not added, and when the material is stirred by adding water, the water demand is increased by 5-10% approximately, the bonding strength of the product is slightly reduced, and other properties are not affected.
2. The drying speed is higher in high-temperature weather without adding a retarder, the service time is influenced, the bonding strength is slightly influenced, and the standard is not influenced.
Example nine
1. In the ninth embodiment, active metakaolin is added to participate in hydration reaction, so that the bonding strength and the compressive and flexural strength of the product are increased.
It is emphasized that the examples, although different in the selection and the proportion of the components, are emphasized in the performance, the material properties of all the formulations meet the national or local standards. Namely GB 20473 + 2006 + building thermal insulation mortar + DGTJ08-2088 + DGTJ 2018 + Shanghai thermal insulation landmark + DGJ32/TJ 165 + 2014 + building reflective thermal insulation coating insulation system-Jiangsu landmark'.
The comprehensive comparison table is as follows:
Figure BDA0002582064760000131
the expandable microspheres and pp fibers are added into the multifunctional base material of the outer wall in the third embodiment, the damping performance is excellent, heat-insulating putty powder with the thickness of about 2cm is coated on a reinforced concrete floor with the weight-weighted normalized impact sound pressure of Ln and w being 78dB, the impact sound isolation detection is carried out on the experimental floor and compared with a standard floor with the weight-weighted normalized impact sound pressure of Ln and w being 78dB, and the experimental data are as follows:
Figure BDA0002582064760000132
Figure BDA0002582064760000141
the detection in the table is based on GB/T50121-2005 building sound insulation evaluation standard and GB/T19889.8-2006/ISO 140-8; 1997 acoustic building and building components acoustic insulation measurement part 8: laboratory measurement for improvement of impact sound of heavy standard floor covering layers, to sum up, taking expanded microspheres as an outer wall cement-based multifunctional material of light aggregate and thermal insulation material, under the condition of not influencing the flame retardant grade, the standard bonding strength is higher, the heat conductivity coefficient is lower, the sound insulation effect is good, the flexibility is good, the specific gravity is smaller, the water absorption capacity is less, and the material has excellent performances of light weight, low heat conduction, high flexibility, hydrophobicity, sound insulation and shock absorption.
The construction process of the invention is as follows:
surface pretreatment: before construction, the bottom layer is ensured to be dry, solid and free of open water. The strength of the base layer is larger than or close to that of the multifunctional base material of the outer wall.
The substrate with strong water absorption is suggested to be coated with putty after being subjected to bottom sealing treatment by using an interface agent. The newly plastered cement wall is subjected to full maintenance and then putty coating; before construction of old wall, paint, oil stain, empty shell and floating ash should be removed, alkali-resistant treatment is done, the water content of wall should be less than 14%, and construction can be carried out when pH is less than 10. The wall with serious efflorescence and the wall with open water can not be directly used and can be used only after being qualified.
Construction: the multifunctional base material of the outer wall can be constructed by adopting steel batch cutters and scraping plates. The multifunctional base material for the outer wall needs to be uniformly mixed with clear water for use, and usually 4.0-4.5 parts of water (the consistency is suitable for construction) is added into 10 parts of powder according to the mass ratio. After the electric stirrer is adopted for stirring uniformly, the mixture is kept still for 5-15 min and then stirred slightly, so that the effect is better. Scraping is usually carried out for 2 times, the first external wall multifunctional substrate scraping is used for leveling the base layer, and the second external wall multifunctional substrate scraping is used for compacting and polishing. The two intervals are typically 24H. Before the second batch, a glass fiber mesh should be used for covering to increase the bonding force. And (4) carrying out secondary outer wall multifunctional substrate covering on the leveling base outer wall multifunctional substrate and the glass fiber net caulking surface. And after the batch scraping is finished, polishing according to the curing degree. And (4) various coatings are recommended to be coated after 3-4 days of construction (the actual interval time is different due to the influence of the temperature and the humidity of the environment).
The embodiments described in the specification are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can obtain technical solutions through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments according to the concepts of the present invention, and all such technical solutions are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. The multifunctional base material for the outer wall is characterized by comprising the following basic components: inorganic gelling material comprising a cement component, a filler, expanded microspheres.
2. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary agent.
3. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 1 or 2, further comprising fibers.
4. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 1 or 2, wherein the expanded microspheres are hollow structures.
5. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 4, wherein the expanded microspheres are thermoplastic high molecular polymer microspheres.
6. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the expanded microspheres have a particle size of less than 300 microns.
7. The multifunctional base material for the exterior wall as claimed in claim 2, wherein the auxiliary agent is one or more of a water-retaining agent, rubber powder, a water repellent, a retarder, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent and active metakaolin.
8. The multifunctional base material for the exterior wall as claimed in claim 7, wherein the rubber powder is one or more of vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer rubber (Vac/E), ethylene-vinyl chloride-vinyl laurate ternary copolymer rubber (E/Vc/VL), vinyl acetate-ethylene-higher fatty acid vinyl ester ternary copolymer rubber (Vac/E/VeoVa), vinyl acetate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester copolymer rubber (Vac/VeoVa), acrylate-styrene copolymer rubber (A/S), vinyl acetate-acrylate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester ternary copolymer rubber (VAC/VeoVa).
9. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 7, wherein the water retention agent is selected from one or more of the following substances and modified products thereof: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), Methylcellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ether (HEMC).
10. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 7, wherein the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, tartaric acid, potassium tartrate.
11. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate according to claim 7, wherein the early strength agent is one or both of calcium formate and lithium carbonate.
12. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate according to claim 7, wherein the water reducing agent is one or more of a high-performance polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, casein, a lignin-based water reducing agent, a naphthalene-based water reducing agent, and a melamine formaldehyde condensate.
13. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 7, wherein the activated metakaolin is anhydrous aluminum silicate (Al)2O3·2SiO2AS2 for short) high-strength high-performance high-mineral admixture.
14. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate of claim 3, wherein the fibers are one or more of wood fibers, PP fibers, rock wool fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, and ceramic fibers.
15. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 7 to 13, wherein the inorganic cementitious material is cement.
16. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate according to claim 15, wherein the cement is one or more of portland cement, portland slag cement, portland pozzolanic cement, portland fly ash cement, composite portland cement, high alumina cement, and sulphoaluminate cement.
17. The exterior wall multifunctional substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 7 to 13, wherein the filler is one or more of heavy calcium powder, light calcium powder, quartz sand and vitrified micro bubbles.
18. The multifunctional base material for the exterior wall of any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising the following components in parts by mass:
inorganic gelling material: 15-55;
filling: 37.2 to 75.25;
expanded microspheres: 0.1 to 5;
water-retaining agent: 0 to 1;
rubber powder: 0 to 8;
water repellent: 0 to 0.2;
retarder: 0 to 1;
water reducing agent: 0 to 0.4;
early strength agent: 0 to 1;
active metakaolin: 0 to 5;
fiber: 0 to 2.
19. The multifunctional base material for the exterior wall of claim 18, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
cement: 15-55;
heavy calcium: 27.2 to 70.25;
quartz sand: 0 to 5;
vitrification of the micro-beads: 0 to 10;
expanded microspheres: 0.1 to 5;
water-retaining agent: 0 to 1;
rubber powder: 0 to 8;
water repellent: 0 to 0.2;
retarder: 0 to 1;
water reducing agent: 0 to 0.4;
early strength agent: 0 to 1;
active metakaolin: 0 to 5;
wood fiber: 0 to 1
PP fiber: 0 to 1.
20. A method of manufacturing the exterior wall multifunctional substrate of any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising the steps of:
putting an inorganic cementing material with the component ratio of 15-55 into an open mixer;
adding the following auxiliary agents into a mixer: water-retaining agent: 0 to 1; rubber powder: 0 to 8; water repellent: 0 to 0.2; retarder: 0 to 1; water reducing agent: 0 to 0.4; early strength agent: 0 to 1; active metakaolin: 0 to 5; fiber: 0 to 2;
adding expanded microspheres with the component ratio of 0.1-5 into a mixer;
adding a filler with a component ratio of 37.2-75.25 into a mixer;
and stirring fully to obtain the multifunctional base material for the outer wall.
CN202010670360.8A 2020-07-13 2020-07-13 Multifunctional base material for outer wall and preparation method thereof Pending CN112174595A (en)

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