WO2022011511A1 - Multi-functional substrate for exterior wall and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a multifunctional substrate for exterior wall and a preparation method therefor. The multifunctional substrate for exterior wall mainly uses a novel expanded microsphere as a thermal insulation aggregate. When applied to exterior wall, the multifunctional substrate has thermal insulation, sound insulation and crack resistance properties, and can also enable a thermal insulation substrate to have a high coating rate. Compared with existing substrate techniques, the present invention has a good thermal insulation effect, and reduces construction times and construction thickness at the same time. The present invention has the characteristics of high shear resistance, light weight, leveling, water resistance, fire resistance, light weight, good elasticity and environmental protection while being applied as a thermal insulation, sound insulation, and anti-cracking substrate.

Description

A kind of exterior wall multifunctional base material and preparation method thereof technical field

The invention belongs to the field of building base materials, and particularly relates to a multifunctional base material for exterior walls using expanded microspheres as heat-insulating aggregates and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

With the vigorous development and application of external wall thermal insulation technology, a wide variety of materials that can be applied to external wall thermal insulation have appeared on the market. They have different application scenarios, but there are irreconcilable contradictions in various important performance parameters. At present, the common external insulation layers are: EPS/XPS insulation board, rock wool board, inorganic insulation mortar and vitrified microbead insulation material. These insulation materials have their own characteristics, but there are also many problems.

Several common insulation layers have obvious disadvantages:

1. EPS/XPS insulation board: The advantage is that it has excellent thermal insulation, water resistance and impact resistance. The disadvantage is that its own strength is small and its load-bearing capacity is poor; and its flame retardant performance is poor, and a large amount of toxic gases will be released when it is burned; during construction, the flatness of the wall is required to be high; the construction process is cumbersome, and adhesives are required. Bonding, then reinforcing with mesh cloth, plus anchors, etc.; the material itself is prone to aging and shrinkage, resulting in splicing cracks, and large areas of shedding due to wind pressure often occur on high floors.

2. Rock wool board: The advantage is that the thermal conductivity is very small; the chemical stability is strong; and it is a class A fireproof material. The disadvantage is that the rock wool insulation board itself is relatively loose and has a large amount of water absorption, so excess water will easily accumulate inside the rock wool board. After a long period of accumulation, it will increase the weight of the insulation layer, thus causing the insulation layer to fall off , the repair rate is also high; the process of rock wool insulation board is very complicated, and the construction period is still very long; it is difficult to match and be compatible with various materials in the external insulation system, and quality problems are likely to occur in the future; the system is very prone to cracking , leakage or even falling off and other quality problems, it is difficult to achieve the same life as the building.

3. Inorganic thermal insulation mortar: the advantages are that it is fireproof and flame retardant; it has a long service life; and the engineering cost is low. The disadvantage is that the thermal insulation effect is worse than that of organic thermal insulation materials; the sound insulation effect is average; the flexibility is poor; the thermal insulation material of the product is very easy to break during the stirring process, which affects the thermal insulation effect and product quality stability. In addition, with the continuous upgrading of thermal insulation technology, some thermal insulation putty based on thermal insulation mortar products have appeared. At present, most thermal insulation putty uses hollow glass microspheres, vitrified microspheres, etc. as thermal insulation aggregates, but there are also various problems. For example, the material is loose; the added material is not environmentally friendly; it is not resistant to shearing; it is fragile under high-speed stirring, and cannot meet the requirements of using machine spray in engineering.

The patent with the application number of 201110411371.5 discloses an elastic fluorocarbon thermal insulation coating and its preparation method and use method. It adopts hollow glass microspheres and hollow macromolecular polymers, but it uses fluororesin organic matter as the base material, and accounts for the largest Component ratio, namely: 55-65. Such organic substrates will release a large amount of aromatic compounds that are toxic and harmful to the human body during the actual decoration and use process, which is difficult to meet the growing market demand for environmental protection performance. Construction period and time cost; in terms of fire resistance, although fluorocarbon paint is safe and non-toxic below the decomposition temperature, in the event of a fire, it will release a variety of harmful gases such as highly toxic phosgene and fluoroolefins; and this kind of Due to the large amount of organic components applied, thermal insulation coatings are expensive and cannot be used in many scenarios where cost control is required.

The patent with the application number of 201810165769 discloses an interior wall thermal insulation and sound insulation putty paste and a preparation method thereof. Nano-scale hollow microbeads and micron-scale hollow expandable elastic microbeads are used, and rock wool is used, and the composition contains synthetic resin emulsion. . This technical solution has obvious defects. First of all, these materials are expensive and difficult to achieve practical production application; as mentioned in the background art section, rock wool is easy to absorb too much water, which is easy to accumulate for a long time, resulting in an increase in the proportion of the thermal insulation layer. Accidents caused by rock wool falling off are relatively common. Considering that synthetic resin emulsion and bentonite slurry are also used as cementing materials in its formula, these two materials are hydrophilic materials, which determines that the water resistance of the finished product is poor. The low junction strength further aggravates the danger of its use; in addition, the prior art provides a paste-like putty, which is difficult to apply thickly in one construction. Cost and time cost; and the synthetic resin emulsion used in it will also cause formaldehyde release, which cannot meet the current requirements for environmental protection performance.

As an inorganic gelling agent, cement has water resistance, fire resistance, high strength, excellent flame retardancy, environmental protection, and low cost. However, there are still many problems in the cement-based products of the prior art. Based on the characteristics of the cement itself, the proportion of the conventional cement-based products is too large, and it cannot exert effective thermal insulation and sound insulation effects alone. It can be seen that the cement with a single component cannot be used as a The use of thermal insulation substrates for external walls is also not a lightweight product.

Exterior wall thermal insulation building base materials in the prior art have their own defects, and they have some disadvantages in the aspects of safety in use, sound insulation performance, water resistance performance, fire resistance performance, thermal insulation performance, coating rate, and the proportion that meets the required strength. irreconcilable contradictions.

In view of this, to design a multi-functional substrate for exterior walls with high coating rate, good thermal insulation effect, high shear resistance, light weight, leveling, water resistance, fire resistance, sound insulation and environmental protection characteristics Technical problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a multifunctional base material for exterior walls.

The multifunctional base material for exterior walls of the present invention is specifically realized in the following manner.

A multifunctional base material for exterior walls, comprising the following basic components: inorganic cementitious material containing cement components, fillers, and expanded microspheres.

Furthermore, adjuvants are also included.

Still further, fibers are included to increase the crack resistance and flexibility of the exterior wall multifunctional substrate.

Further, the expanded microspheres have a hollow structure.

Further, the expanded microspheres are thermoplastic polymer microspheres.

Further, the particle size of the expanded microspheres is less than 300 microns.

Further, the auxiliary agent is one or more of water-retaining agent, rubber powder, water-repellent agent, retarder, water-reducing agent, early-strength agent, and active metakaolin.

Further, the rubber powder is vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer rubber (Vac/E), ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurosilicate terpolymer rubber powder (E/Vc/VL), vinyl acetate and ethylene And higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer rubber powder (Vac/E/VeoVa), vinyl acetate and higher fatty acid vinyl ester copolymer rubber powder (Vac/VeoVa), acrylate and styrene copolymer rubber powder (A/S), acetic acid One or more of vinyl ester, acrylic ester and higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymerized rubber powder is used to increase the flexibility and bonding strength of the multifunctional substrate for exterior walls.

Further, the water-retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose Cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), and one or more of the above-mentioned modified products, used to make the open time in the tank after adding water and stirring to the exterior wall multifunctional substrate The inorganic cementitious material has been fully hydrated, the bonding strength and compressive strength have been improved, and the drying speed will be slower after being installed on the wall, making the workability better.

Further, the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, tartaric acid, and potassium tartrate retarders, which are used to slow down the drying speed of the multifunctional base material of the exterior wall after adding water and stirring, increasing the Opening hours, extended construction hours.

Further, the early strength agent is one or both of calcium formate and lithium carbonate, and is used to improve the early bonding strength and compressive and flexural strength of the exterior wall multifunctional substrate after the wall is installed.

Further, the water-reducing agent is one or more of high-performance polycarboxylate water-reducing agent, casein, lignin-based water-reducing agent, naphthalene-based water-reducing agent, and melamine-formaldehyde condensate. The water consumption in the process of adding water to the multi-functional base material for exterior walls is reduced to a greater extent, which can effectively improve the bonding strength and compressive and flexural strength of the product.

Further, the active metakaolin is anhydrous aluminum silicate (Al ₂ O ₃ ·2SiO ₂ , AS2 for short) high-strength, high-performance and high-mineral admixture, which is used to participate in the hydration reaction and increase the multifunctional base of the exterior wall. The bond strength and compressive and flexural strength of the material after mixing with water.

Further, the water repellent is one or more of organic silicon water repellent glue powder or silane-based additives, and is used to reduce the water absorption of the exterior wall multifunctional base material behind the wall and improve the water resistance of the system.

Further, the fibers are one or more of wood fibers, PP fibers, rock wool fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, and ceramic fibers.

Further, the inorganic cementitious material is cement.

Further, the cement is Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, pozzolanic Portland cement, fly ash Portland cement, composite Portland cement, high alumina cement, One or more of sulfoaluminate cements.

Further, the filler is one or more of heavy calcium powder, light calcium powder, quartz sand, and vitrified microbeads.

Further, it includes the following components and mass ratios: inorganic cementitious material: 15-55; filler: 37.2-75.25; expanded microspheres: 0.1-5; water retention agent: 0-1; rubber powder: 0-8; Water repellent: 0-0.2; retarder: 0-1; water reducing agent: 0-0.4; early strength agent: 0-1; active metakaolin: 0-5; fiber: 0-2.

Further, it includes the following components and mass ratios: cement: 15-55; heavy calcium: 27.2-70.25; quartz sand: 0-5; vitrified microspheres: 0-10; expanded microspheres: 0.1-5; Water-retaining agent: 0-1; rubber powder: 0-8; hydrophobic agent: 0-0.2; retarder: 0-1; water-reducing agent: 0-0.4; early strength agent: 0-1; active metakaolin: 0～5; wood fiber: 0～1; PP fiber: 0～1.

A method for manufacturing a multifunctional base material for exterior walls, comprising the steps of:

1. Put the inorganic cementitious material with a component ratio of 15 to 55 into the mixer that is turned on;

2. Add the following auxiliaries to the mixer: water-retaining agent: 0-1; rubber powder: 0-8; water repellent: 0-0.2; retarder: 0-1; water-reducing agent: 0～0.4; early strength agent: 0～1; active metakaolin: 0～5; fiber: 0～2;

3. Add the expanded microspheres with a component ratio of 0.1 to 5 to the mixer;

4. Add the filler with the component ratio of 37.2 to 75.25 to the mixer;

5. After fully stirring, the multifunctional base material for exterior wall is obtained.

The multifunctional base material for the exterior wall of the present invention adopts cement as the base material. As a high-strength inorganic cementitious material, it not only has very good fire resistance and environmental protection performance compared with traditional organic materials, but also has excellent fire resistance and environmental protection performance compared with many inorganic materials. Compared with cementitious materials, it has higher strength and better water resistance; at the same time, the open time of cement is longer, and the coating rate is high, which has natural advantages in engineering applications, which greatly reduces construction costs; the solution, taking into account the specific gravity of cement single component is excessively large, the present invention uses only a density 20-40Kg / m ³ expanded microspheres as insulation aggregates, and the volume of the microspheres representing interior volume of the multifunctional base 30%-70%, thus avoiding the disadvantage that the proportion of traditional cement materials is too large, so that the multifunctional base material for exterior walls of the present invention has the advantage of light weight; Thermoplastic macromolecular polymer microspheres with a hollow structure, by adding a large amount of the expanded microspheres whose thermal conductivity is close to that of air, achieves excellent thermal insulation performance; in terms of sound insulation performance, the resilient shell of the expanded microspheres The body can effectively reduce the transmission of sound, so as to achieve the effect of sound insulation and shock absorption, and at the same time, it provides shear resistance for the multifunctional base material of the outer wall. The fibers that can be added in the present invention also have the effect of sound absorption and shock absorption; in terms of resilience, The resilient shell of the expanded microspheres enables the material of the present invention to play a good protective rebound in certain scenarios, such as when a body part accidentally hits a wall, and can ensure thermal insulation under high-speed stirring The aggregate shell is not damaged; in terms of coating rate, since the volume of microspheres accounts for 30%-70% of the material volume, the overall coating rate of the material has also been significantly improved; in terms of leveling and crack resistance, the expanded microspheres The diameter is only a few tens of microns, which can better achieve the optimal gradation with the filler, so as to achieve the effect of leveling and crack resistance;

It can be seen that by applying the expanded microspheres to the cement-based exterior wall substrate, the present invention greatly reduces the specific gravity of the product, and at the same time achieves low thermal conductivity, sound insulation, crack resistance and other properties that cannot be achieved by traditional thermal insulation mortar. At the same time, the product retains the advantages of high strength, water resistance, fire resistance and long open time of cement-based materials.

At the same time, the multifunctional base material for the outer wall of the present invention satisfies the environmental protection performance increasingly required by the government and the public, especially realizes zero emission of formaldehyde. In addition, the raw material cost of cement is low, and the use as the base material of the present invention greatly reduces the total manufacturing cost, so that the product has outstanding economy while having excellent performance.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

First, the present invention has a higher coating rate, and under high-speed stirring, the elastic thermal insulation aggregate will not be damaged, so it is easy to use and will not increase unnecessary construction costs;

Second, the present invention has high shear resistance and maintains a very low specific gravity by using a large number of expanded microspheres, and is a high-strength lightweight material;

Third, the present invention has good thermal insulation effect at the same time, and has excellent water resistance and fire resistance;

Fourth, the present invention adopts inorganic cementitious material as base material, and compared with traditional organic materials, it satisfies the increasing environmental performance requirements of the government and the public, and especially realizes zero emission of formaldehyde;

Fifth, the present invention can effectively weaken the transmission of sound, and has excellent effect of sound insulation and shock absorption;

Sixth, the present invention has excellent leveling and anti-cracking effect;

Seventh, the present invention has good resilience, and can effectively protect the human body in the event of accidental impact;

Eighth, the present invention adopts a large number of inorganic materials, and its overall production cost is low, and the use as the substrate of the present invention greatly reduces the overall production cost.

detailed description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment described below, and the technical idea of the present invention may be implemented in combination with other known technologies or other technologies having the same functions as those known technologies.

In the following examples, the standard bond strength is tested by Shanghai Yihuan Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., YHS-229WJ-20kN universal testing machine, the thermal conductivity is tested by the flat plate method in GB10294, and the flexibility is tested by Tianjin Shengxinda laboratory equipment Co., Ltd. QTB type putty flexibility tester, QKL-Ⅱ type initial drying anti-cracking tester.

The preparation method of the outer wall multifunctional base material in the embodiment is as follows:

1. Turn on the dry powder mixer;

2. First add the weighed inorganic cementitious material into the mixer;

3. Then weigh all the auxiliaries (water-retaining agent, rubber powder, retarder, hydrophobic agent, water-reducing agent, active metakaolin, fiber) into the mixer;

4. Add the weighed thermal insulation material and expanded microspheres into the mixer;

5. Finally, add the weighed filler to the mixer and stir for 30min;

6. Sampling and testing;

7. The dry powder state of the sample and the state after adding water and stirring are the same as the standard sample, then the production is completed, and the material is discharged and packaged.

The implementation cases 1-9 and the comparative product (commercially available thermal insulation mortar) were tested under exactly the same conditions to test their basic properties, including: workability, sandability, thermal conductivity, combustion grade, bond strength, flexibility , Water resistance, alkali resistance, sound insulation index, specific gravity, water absorption.

Example 1

1. No water-retaining agent is added, the opening time of the material in the bucket after mixing with water is short, the surface drying is quicker after being placed on the wall, and the material is scattered and the workability is poor, but the test performance can meet the GB requirements;

2. The amount of cement added is low, the inorganic cementitious materials in the system are less, the bond strength is low, and the compressive and flexural strength is also low;

3. Increasing the amount of rubber powder greatly increases the flexibility and bonding strength of the product, but at the same time brings the consequence of increasing the water absorption of the product.

4. Without adding early strength agent, the early strength of the product rises slowly, but the bond strength and compressive and flexural strength can still reach 100% after the 7-day curing period.

Embodiment 2

1. The amount of water-retaining agent added is large, the viscosity of the product is large, and the knife sticks more during the construction process; the product has a long opening time, and the maintenance time needs to be extended before the next process can be carried out, which prolongs the construction period;

2. The added amount of water-retaining agent is large, the water-retention of the product is very good, the cement in the system has been fully hydrated, and the bond strength and compressive strength have been better improved;

3. The added amount of water-retaining agent is larger, the product viscosity is larger, the wrapping and adhesion to the insulation material are higher, and it is easier to bond to the base layer;

4. Without adding rubber powder (redispersible latex powder), the bonding strength of the product has decreased, but it can still meet the requirement of ≥0.2MPa.

Embodiment 3

1. The amount of cement added is large, which increases the bonding strength, compressive and flexural strength of the product, and improves the water resistance of the product, but at the same time increases the thermal conductivity of the product.

2. The amount of early strength agent added is large, the early bonding strength and compressive and flexural strength of the product can be effectively improved, but the later strength loss is relatively large.

3. The amount of water reducing agent added is large, and the water consumption in the product mixing process is reduced to a greater extent, which can effectively improve the bonding strength and compressive and flexural strength of the product.

Embodiment 4

1. Without adding water repellent, the water repellency effect of the material is poor, and the water absorption will increase relatively after the product is installed on the wall;

2. The added amount of expanded microspheres is large, the bulk density of the material is greatly reduced, and the product is truly lightweight; at the same time, the thermal conductivity is greatly reduced, which has a better effect on thermal insulation;

3. The added amount of expanded microspheres is large, and the product is loose, which affects the bonding strength and compressive and flexural strength.

Embodiment 5

1. The added amount of expanded microspheres is low, and the product has a certain thermal insulation performance, but the thermal conductivity is high.

2. A large amount of retarder is added, which can effectively increase the opening time and operating time of the product under high temperature conditions, but slightly reduce the later bonding strength and compressive and flexural strength of the product.

Embodiment 6

1. The addition of wood fiber and PP fiber is large, which greatly increases the crack resistance and flexibility of the product.

Embodiment 7

1. No wood fiber and PP fiber are added, and the crack resistance and flexibility of the product are not as outstanding as those of Example 6, but they can still satisfy

No cracking required.

Embodiment 8

1. In Example 8, no water reducing agent is added. When the material is mixed with water, the water demand will increase, about 5-10%, and the bond strength of the product will decrease slightly, and other properties will not be affected.

2. Without the addition of retarder, the drying speed will be faster in high temperature weather, which will affect the use time and slightly affect the bond strength, but it will not affect the standard.

Embodiment 9

1. Active metakaolin is added in the ninth embodiment to participate in the hydration reaction and increase the bond strength and compressive and flexural strength of the product.

It should be emphasized that, although the selection of components and the proportions of each embodiment are different, and the performance is emphasized, the material properties of all formulations conform to national standards or local standards. Namely GB 20473-2006 "Building Thermal Insulation Mortar", DGTJ08-2088-2018 "Shanghai Thermal Insulation Landmark", DGJ32/TJ 165-2014 "Building Reflective Thermal Insulation Coating Thermal Insulation System-Jiangsu Landmark".

The comprehensive comparison table is as follows:

Example 3 corresponds to the addition of expandable microspheres and pp fibers to the multifunctional base material of the exterior wall, which has excellent shock absorption performance. On the reinforced concrete floor with a weighted normalized impact sound pressure of Ln and w=78dB, the thickness of the coating is about 2cm. The thickness of the thermal insulation putty powder was tested for the impact sound insulation of the experimental floor and compared with the benchmark floor with the weighted normalized impact sound pressure of Ln and w = 78dB. The experimental data are as follows:

The test basis for the above table is GB/T 50121-2005 "Evaluation Standard for Sound Insulation of Buildings" and GB/T19889.8-2006/ISO 140-8; 1997 "Acoustic Buildings and Building Components Sound Insulation Measurement Part 8: Heavy Standard Floor Slabs Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Improvement of Cladding", in summary, the cement-based multi-functional material for exterior walls using expanded microspheres as light aggregates and thermal insulation materials, without affecting its flame retardant grade, the standard viscosity Higher junction strength, lower thermal conductivity, good sound insulation, good flexibility, smaller specific gravity, less water absorption, light weight, low thermal conductivity, high flexibility, water repellency, sound insulation and shock absorption and other excellent properties.

The construction technique of the present invention is as follows:

Surface pretreatment: Before construction, ensure that the bottom layer is dry, firm, and free of clear water. The strength of the base layer should be greater than or close to the strength of the multifunctional substrate of the exterior wall.

For substrates with strong water absorption, it is recommended to use an interface agent for back sealing treatment before applying putty. The newly plastered cement wall should be fully maintained before scraping the putty; the paint, oil stain, empty shell and floating ash should be removed before construction of the old wall, and alkali-resistant treatment should be done. The moisture content of the wall should be <14%, and pH <10 o'clock before construction. Walls with severe efflorescence and walls with clear water cannot be used directly, and should be treated qualified before use.

Construction: The multifunctional base material of the exterior wall can be constructed with steel batch knives and scrapers. The multifunctional base material for exterior wall needs to be mixed with clean water and used evenly. Usually, 4.0 to 4.5 parts of water is added to 10 parts of powder according to the mass ratio (the consistency is suitable for construction). After stirring evenly with an electric mixer, stand still for 5 to 15 minutes, and then stir a little, the effect is better. Usually, there are 2 batches of scraping. The first batch of multi-functional substrates for exterior walls is used for leveling the base layer, and the second batch of multi-functional substrates for outer walls is used for compaction and troweling. The interval between the two tracks is generally 24H. Before the second batch, it should be covered with a fiberglass mesh to increase the bond. The second time covering the multifunctional substrate of the outer wall of the leveling base and the caulking surface of the glass fiber mesh. After the batch scraping is completed, it is polished according to the degree of curing. It is recommended to apply various coatings after 3 to 4 days of construction (the actual interval is different due to the influence of ambient temperature and humidity).

What is described in this specification is only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, and the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention. All technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments according to the concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. A multifunctional base material for exterior walls is characterized in that it includes the following basic components: inorganic cementitious material containing cement components, fillers, and expanded microspheres.
2. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising an auxiliary agent.
3. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, it further comprises fibers.
4. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the expanded microspheres are hollow structures.
5. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 4, wherein the expanded microspheres are thermoplastic macromolecular polymer microspheres.
6. The multifunctional substrate for exterior walls according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the particle size of the expanded microspheres is less than 300 microns.
7. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary agent is a water-retaining agent, rubber powder, water repellent, retarder, water-reducing agent, early-strength agent, and active metakaolin. one or more.
8. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 7, wherein the rubber powder is vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer glue (Vac/E), ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl silicate ternary copolymer glue Powder (E/Vc/VL), vinyl acetate and ethylene and higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer rubber powder (Vac/E/VeoVa), vinyl acetate and higher fatty acid vinyl ester copolymer rubber powder (Vac/VeoVa), acrylic acid One or more of ester and styrene copolymer rubber powder (A/S), vinyl acetate and acrylate and higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer rubber powder.
9. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 7, wherein the water-retaining agent is selected from one or more of the following substances and modified products thereof: hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) , methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC).
10. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 7, wherein the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, tartaric acid, and potassium tartrate retarders.
11. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 7, wherein the early strength agent is one or both of calcium formate and lithium carbonate.
12. The multifunctional substrate for exterior walls according to claim 7, wherein the water reducing agent is a high performance polycarboxylate water reducing agent, casein, lignin water reducing agent, naphthalene water reducing agent, melamine One or more of formaldehyde condensates.
13. The multifunctional substrate for exterior walls according to claim 7, wherein the active metakaolin is anhydrous aluminum silicate (Al ₂ O ₃ ·2SiO ₂ , AS2 for short) high-strength, high-performance, and high-mineral admixture.
14. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 3, wherein the fibers are one or more of wood fibers, PP fibers, rock wool fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, and ceramic fibers.
15. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 7 to 13, wherein the inorganic cementitious material is cement.
16. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to claim 15, wherein the cement is Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, pozzolanic Portland cement, and fly ash silica One or more of acid salt cement, composite Portland cement, high alumina cement and sulfoaluminate cement.
17. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 7 to 13, wherein the filler is one of heavy calcium powder, light calcium powder, quartz sand, and vitrified microbeads one or more.
18. The multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, it comprises the following components and mass ratios:

    Inorganic cementitious material: 15～55;

    Filler: 37.2～75.25;

    Expanded microspheres: 0.1 to 5;

    Water retention agent: 0～1;

    Rubber powder: 0～8;

    Water repellent: 0～0.2;

    Retarder: 0～1;

    Water reducing agent: 0～0.4;

    Early strength agent: 0 to 1;

    Active metakaolin: 0 to 5;

    Fiber: 0～2.
19. The multifunctional base material for exterior wall according to claim 18, characterized in that, it comprises the following components and mass ratios:

    Cement: 15～55;

    Heavy calcium: 27.2～70.25;

    Quartz sand: 0 to 5;

    Vitrified beads: 0 to 10;

    Expanded microspheres: 0.1 to 5;

    Water retention agent: 0～1;

    Rubber powder: 0～8;

    Water repellent: 0～0.2;

    Retarder: 0～1;

    Water reducing agent: 0～0.4;

    Early strength agent: 0 to 1;

    Active metakaolin: 0 to 5;

    Wood fiber: 0～1

    PP fiber: 0～1.
20. A method of manufacturing the multifunctional base material for exterior walls according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, comprising the steps of:

    Put the inorganic cementitious material with a component ratio of 15 to 55 into the opened mixer;

    Add the following auxiliaries to the mixer: water-retaining agent: 0-1; rubber powder: 0-8; water repellent: 0-0.2; retarder: 0-1; water-reducing agent: 0- 0.4; early strength agent: 0-1; active metakaolin: 0-5; fiber: 0-2;

    Add the expanded microspheres with a component ratio of 0.1 to 5 to the mixer;

    Add the filler with a component ratio of 37.2 to 75.25 to the mixer;

    After fully stirring, a multifunctional base material for exterior walls is obtained.