CN112174525A - Preparation method of Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain and glaze - Google Patents
Preparation method of Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain and glaze Download PDFInfo
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- CN112174525A CN112174525A CN202010990365.9A CN202010990365A CN112174525A CN 112174525 A CN112174525 A CN 112174525A CN 202010990365 A CN202010990365 A CN 202010990365A CN 112174525 A CN112174525 A CN 112174525A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
- C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain and glaze, wherein the glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of limestone, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of talc, 15 parts of quartz, 5 parts of fluorite, 27 parts of green field stone, 6 parts of violet gold soil and 3 parts of calcium. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively taking 25-35 parts of violet gold soil, 5-15 parts of kaolin, 5-15 parts of alumina and 45-60 parts of porcelain clay according to parts by weight, adding a proper amount of water, kneading into a blank, and then preparing into a blank body; mixing glaze materials, adding water, ball-milling and filtering to obtain glaze slip; drying and biscuiting the blank, and glazing after taking out of the kiln; and (3) gradually heating the biscuit in a kiln to 1200-1290 ℃, closing the kiln fire, opening the kiln door, rapidly cooling the kiln to 500-600 ℃ by using an air blower, keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes, closing the kiln door, turning off the air blower, naturally cooling and taking out the hundred-waste broken porcelain. The garbage broken porcelain manufactured by the invention has the beneficial effects of obvious grain characteristics, smooth touch as jade, glittering and translucent appearance and strong stereoscopic impression.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a glaze for Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ming Lu Shen (spring rain hall with pen): ' Ge jiao kiln light white broken veins, No. Bai Gu Shi Cao Su. Song time chapter Sheng I and Sheng Di brother, both everyone in Zhou, Yongquan Youtian kiln. The pottery of Sheng-Di-Shi, such as Mei Yu, is a precious material in the world, i.e., official kiln. The raw pottery is light in color, so it is named Ge kiln. The Zhejiang Longquan Ge kiln is one of five famous kilns in Song Dynasty of China, and the glaze surface is full of cracked grains, which are generally called as 'Kaiping', and are the unique decorative style of Longquan Ge kiln products, and the produced celadon ware with cracks is Shizhen. By "spalling" is meant that the green body and glaze have different coefficients of thermal expansion and that the glaze layer is subjected to a tensile stress during cooling. Because the action directions of the tensile stress are different, cracks are gradually generated on the glaze surface of the product.
The crackles appearing on the glaze surface of the Ge kiln product are actually defects, but are skillfully used as decorative patterns by a porcelain maker, and the Ge kiln product has unique effect, is exquisite and absolute, is natural and interesting. According to the different shapes of the glazed stripe pieces, people have different names: crazing, crab claw lines, cow hair lines, running water lines, fish roe lines, diet blood lines, garbage crumbles, and the like. The garbage is broken by small glaze pieces which are overlapped in a staggered way to be similar to garbage, or large pieces are firstly broken, and unequal fine cracks are formed between the small pieces to be similar to the hundreds of cracks.
However, since the firing process is lost for a long time, the firing of the waste of the Longquan Ge kiln is extremely difficult, the yield is extremely low, and many producers use the kiln mud to fire and then use the external force such as cold water to form the broken ice crack products of the Longquan Ge kiln, or the broken ice crack products are large or small, the broken ice crack products have a cutting hand feeling when touching, the ancient waste breaking effect cannot be achieved, the existing process cannot embody the grain like fish scales and fish seeds, and the three-dimensional effect and the glittering and translucent effect are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a glaze for Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain and a preparation method of the Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the glaze for the Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-18 parts of limestone, 18-22 parts of potash feldspar, 7-9 parts of talc, 13-17 parts of quartz, 4-6 parts of fluorite, 25-29 parts of green field stone, 5-7 parts of violet gold soil and 2-4 parts of calcium.
Further, the glaze material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of limestone, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of talc, 15 parts of quartz, 5 parts of fluorite, 27 parts of green field stone, 6 parts of violet gold soil and 3 parts of calcium.
A preparation method of the Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a blank, namely adding a proper amount of water into 25-35 parts by weight of Zijin soil, 5-15 parts by weight of kaolin, 5-15 parts by weight of alumina and 45-60 parts by weight of porcelain clay, kneading the mixture into a blank, and then manufacturing the blank;
s2, preparing glaze slip, namely preparing glaze materials by respectively taking 14-18 parts of limestone, 18-22 parts of potash feldspar, 7-9 parts of talcum, 13-17 parts of quartz, 4-6 parts of fluorite, 25-29 parts of green field stone, 5-7 parts of violet golden clay and 2-4 parts of calcium according to parts by weight, finely refining and uniformly mixing the prepared glaze materials, adding water, ball-milling to the fineness of 100 meshes, and filtering to obtain the glaze slip;
s3, firing the blank and glazing, drying the blank prepared in the step S1, then biscuiting, removing dust and powder from the surface of the biscuited blank after the biscuit is taken out of a kiln, and then glazing inside and outside;
and S4, burning, namely, placing the biscuit glazed in the step S3 into a kiln, gradually heating to 1200-1290 ℃, heating for 17-19 hours, keeping the temperature for about 1-2 hours, closing the kiln, opening the kiln door, rapidly reducing the kiln temperature to 500-600 ℃ by using an air blower, keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes, closing the kiln door, turning off the air blower, naturally cooling, and taking out the garbage broken porcelain.
Further, in step S4, the gradual warming is performed as follows:
heating the porcelain blank by slow fire for 2 to 3 hours, slowly heating the kiln to 580 to 600 ℃, and fully evaporating the water in the porcelain blank; and (3) increasing the temperature of the kiln to be close to 950 ℃ within 4-5 hours, then increasing the temperature of the kiln to 980 ℃ within 1 hour for transitional heat preservation, and slowly increasing the temperature of the kiln to 1200-1290 ℃ from 980 ℃ within 10-11 hours.
Further, in step S1, when the green body is produced, the expansion coefficient of all the components to which kaolin and alumina are added is increased by an amount close to 20% as compared with the expansion coefficient of the other components to which kaolin and alumina are not added.
Further, in step S3, the bisque firing includes: and placing the dried green body in a kiln, biscuiting for 6-8 hours by using small fire, stopping firing after the temperature of the kiln is raised to 850-880 ℃, and taking out and firing the dried green body when the temperature of the kiln is naturally cooled to 30-50 ℃ to obtain the biscuited green body.
Further, in step S2, during ball milling, the components of stone balls, glaze and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 2: 1: 0.6, then putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, and ball milling the mixture into a fineness of 100 meshes.
Further, in step S2, the green rock is separately heated to approximately 1000 ℃ in advance and then pulverized to form a powder, and the powder is mixed with other components uniformly and then ball-milled with water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the ceramic product Ge kiln series manufactured by the method has pure variety and is noble and elegant. The porcelain body has small surface pieces which are overlapped in a staggered way to be like garbage, or has large pieces which are firstly split, and has the effect of unequal fine cracks, has stereoscopic impression, has crystal clear effect, and has great effects on recovering the traditional skills, adding new types of Ge kilns and enriching the types of products.
Compared with the existing manufacturing mode of forming the cracking marks by adopting kiln mud or cold water after firing and other external forces, the invention does not adopt the external force, is formed purely naturally, and accords with the concept and thought of ' combination of heaven and man ' and skillful drawing of heaven and man ' of the traditional celadon. The sound of knocking is different from that of other chinaware, and the sound is more crisp and more similar to that of knocking metal. The glaze is extremely thin and solid. Compared with the common Ge kiln porcelain, the porcelain fired by the method has extremely severe cracking of the outer glaze, namely garbage, can crack automatically continuously when standing after being fired successfully, the automatic cracking time can last for 4-12 months, the automatic cracking time is formed naturally, no external force is adopted, and the characteristics that long-strip twill paths and short-strip inclined grains are staggered like fish scales and fish roes are obvious.
The waste porcelain crusher of the Longquan Ge kiln, which is manufactured by the invention, has the beneficial effects of obvious grain characteristics, smooth touch as jade, glittering and translucent appearance and strong stereoscopic impression.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the following examples:
example 1, a glaze for a garbage broken porcelain in a dragon spring Ge kiln, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of limestone, 18 parts of potash feldspar, 7 parts of talc, 13 parts of quartz, 4 parts of fluorite, 25 parts of green field stone, 5 parts of purple gold soil and 2 parts of calcium. The limestone is selected from Qingyuan producing area, the potassium feldspar and the quartz are selected from Longquan producing area, the fluorite is selected from Tuochang producing area, and the Zijin soil is selected from Longquanbaixi producing area.
Example 2, a glaze for a domestic garbage broken porcelain in a dragon spring Ge kiln, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of limestone, 22 parts of potash feldspar, 9 parts of talc, 17 parts of quartz, 6 parts of fluorite, 29 parts of green field stone, 7 parts of purple gold soil and 4 parts of calcium.
Example 3, a glaze for a domestic garbage broken porcelain in a dragon spring Ge kiln, the glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of limestone, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of talc, 15 parts of quartz, 5 parts of fluorite, 27 parts of green field stone, 6 parts of violet gold soil and 3 parts of calcium.
Embodiment 4, a method for preparing a garbage broken porcelain in a Longquan Ge kiln includes the steps of:
s1, manufacturing a blank, kneading 35 parts of violet gold soil, 15 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of aluminum oxide and 60 parts of porcelain clay by weight into a blank by adding a proper amount of water, and then manufacturing the blank; s2, preparing glaze slip, namely preparing glaze materials by respectively taking 18 parts of limestone, 22 parts of potash feldspar, 9 parts of talcum, 17 parts of quartz, 6 parts of fluorite, 29 parts of Qingtian stone, 7 parts of violet kaolin and 4 parts of calcium according to parts by weight, finely refining and uniformly mixing the prepared glaze materials, adding water, ball-milling until the fineness is 100 meshes, and filtering to prepare the glaze slip; during ball milling, the components of stone balls, glaze and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 0.6, then putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, wherein the fineness of the ball milling is 100 meshes, separately heating the Qingtian stone to the temperature close to 1000 ℃ in advance, then crushing the Qingtian stone to form powder, uniformly mixing the powder with other components, and then adding water for ball milling; s3, firing the blank and glazing, drying the blank prepared in the step S1, then biscuiting, removing dust and powder from the surface of the biscuited blank after the biscuit is taken out of a kiln, and then glazing inside and outside; the bisque firing comprises: and placing the dried green body in a kiln, biscuiting for 8 hours by using small fire, stopping firing after the temperature of the kiln is raised to 880 ℃, and taking out and firing the green body when the temperature of the kiln is naturally cooled to 50 ℃ to obtain the biscuited green body. And S4, burning, namely placing the biscuit glazed in the step S3 into a kiln, gradually heating to 1290 ℃, heating for 19 hours, keeping the temperature for about 2 hours, closing the kiln fire, opening the kiln door, quickly reducing the kiln temperature to 600 ℃ by using an air blower, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, closing the kiln door, turning off the air blower, naturally cooling, and taking out the garbage broken porcelain. The gradual heating comprises the following steps: heating with slow fire for 3 hr, slowly heating the kiln to 600 deg.C to evaporate water from the ceramic body; the temperature of the kiln is raised to approximately 950 ℃ in 5 hours, then the temperature of the kiln is raised to 980 ℃ in approximately 1 hour for transitional heat preservation, and the temperature of the kiln is slowly raised from 980 ℃ to 1290 ℃ in 11 hours.
Embodiment 5, a method for preparing a garbage broken porcelain in a Longquan Ge kiln, comprising the steps of:
s1, manufacturing a blank, kneading 30 parts of violet gold soil, 10 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of aluminum oxide and 50 parts of porcelain clay by weight with a proper amount of water to prepare a blank, and then manufacturing the blank; s2, preparing glaze slip, namely preparing glaze materials by respectively taking 16 parts of limestone, 20 parts of potash feldspar, 8 parts of talcum, 15 parts of quartz, 5 parts of fluorite, 27 parts of Qingtian stone, 6 parts of purple golden soil and 3 parts of calcium according to parts by weight, finely refining and uniformly mixing the prepared glaze materials, adding water, ball-milling to the fineness of 100 meshes, and filtering to prepare the glaze slip; during ball milling, the components of stone balls, glaze and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 0.6, then putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, wherein the fineness of the ball milling is 100 meshes, separately heating the Qingtian stone to the temperature close to 1000 ℃ in advance, then crushing the Qingtian stone to form powder, uniformly mixing the powder with other components, and then adding water for ball milling; s3, firing the blank and glazing, drying the blank prepared in the step S1, then biscuiting, removing dust and powder from the surface of the biscuited blank after the biscuit is taken out of a kiln, and then glazing inside and outside; the bisque firing comprises: and placing the dried green body in a kiln, biscuiting for 7 hours by using small fire, stopping firing after the temperature of the kiln is increased to 860 ℃, and taking out and firing the green body when the temperature of the kiln is naturally cooled to 40 ℃ to obtain the biscuited green body. And S4, burning, namely placing the biscuit glazed in the step S3 into a kiln, gradually heating to 1250 ℃, heating for 18 hours, keeping the temperature for about 1.5 hours, closing the kiln fire, opening the kiln door, quickly reducing the kiln temperature to 550 ℃ by using an air blower, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, closing the kiln door, turning off the air blower, naturally cooling, and taking out the garbage broken porcelain. The gradual heating comprises the following steps: heating with slow fire for 2.5 hours, slowly heating the kiln to 590 ℃ to fully evaporate the water in the porcelain body; the temperature of the kiln is raised to nearly 950 ℃ in 4.5 hours, then raised to 980 ℃ in nearly 1 hour for transitional heat preservation, and slowly raised to 1250 ℃ from 980 ℃ in 10 hours.
Embodiment 6, a method for preparing a garbage broken porcelain in a Longquan Ge kiln, comprising the steps of:
s1, manufacturing a blank, kneading 25 parts of violet gold soil, 5 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of aluminum oxide and 45 parts of porcelain clay by weight with a proper amount of water to prepare a blank, and then manufacturing the blank; s2, preparing glaze slip, namely preparing glaze materials by respectively taking 14 parts of limestone, 18 parts of potash feldspar, 7 parts of talcum, 13 parts of quartz, 4 parts of fluorite, 25 parts of green field stone, 5 parts of violet golden soil and 2 parts of calcium according to parts by weight, finely refining and uniformly mixing the prepared glaze materials, adding water, ball-milling to the fineness of 100 meshes, and filtering to prepare the glaze slip; during ball milling, the components of stone balls, glaze and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 0.6, then putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, wherein the fineness of the ball milling is 100 meshes, separately heating the Qingtian stone to the temperature close to 1000 ℃ in advance, then crushing the Qingtian stone to form powder, uniformly mixing the powder with other components, and then adding water for ball milling; s3, firing the blank and glazing, drying the blank prepared in the step S1, then biscuiting, removing dust and powder from the surface of the biscuited blank after the biscuit is taken out of a kiln, and then glazing inside and outside; the bisque firing comprises: and placing the dried green body in a kiln, biscuiting for 6 hours by using small fire, stopping firing after the temperature of the kiln is raised to 850 ℃, and taking out and firing the green body when the temperature of the kiln is naturally cooled to 30 ℃ to obtain the biscuited green body. And S4, burning, namely placing the biscuit glazed in the step S3 into a kiln, gradually heating to 1200 ℃, heating for 17 hours, keeping the temperature for about 1 hour, closing the kiln fire, opening the kiln door, quickly reducing the kiln temperature to 500 ℃ by using an air blower, keeping the temperature for 20 minutes, closing the kiln door, turning off the air blower, naturally cooling, and taking out the garbage broken porcelain. The gradual heating comprises the following steps: heating with slow fire for 2 hr, slowly heating the kiln to 580 deg.C to evaporate water in the porcelain body; the temperature of the kiln is raised to be close to 950 ℃ within 4 hours, then the temperature of the kiln is raised to 980 ℃ within 1 hour for transition heat preservation, and the temperature of the kiln is slowly raised to 1200 ℃ from 980 ℃ within 10 hours.
Claims (8)
1. The glaze for the Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 14-18 parts of limestone, 18-22 parts of potash feldspar, 7-9 parts of talc, 13-17 parts of quartz, 4-6 parts of fluorite, 25-29 parts of green field stone, 5-7 parts of violet gold soil and 2-4 parts of calcium.
2. The glaze for the Longquan Ge kiln garbage broken porcelain according to claim 1, wherein the glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of limestone, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of talc, 15 parts of quartz, 5 parts of fluorite, 27 parts of green field stone, 6 parts of violet gold soil and 3 parts of calcium.
3. A preparation method of garbage broken porcelain in a Longquan Ge kiln is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a blank, namely adding a proper amount of water into 25-35 parts by weight of Zijin soil, 5-15 parts by weight of kaolin, 5-15 parts by weight of alumina and 45-60 parts by weight of porcelain clay, kneading the mixture into a blank, and then manufacturing the blank;
s2, preparing glaze slip, namely preparing glaze materials by respectively taking 14-18 parts of limestone, 18-22 parts of potash feldspar, 7-9 parts of talcum, 13-17 parts of quartz, 4-6 parts of fluorite, 25-29 parts of green field stone, 5-7 parts of violet golden clay and 2-4 parts of calcium according to parts by weight, finely refining and uniformly mixing the prepared glaze materials, adding water, ball-milling to the fineness of 100 meshes, and filtering to obtain the glaze slip;
s3, firing the blank and glazing, drying the blank prepared in the step S1, then biscuiting, removing dust and powder from the surface of the biscuited blank after the biscuit is taken out of a kiln, and then glazing inside and outside;
and S4, burning, namely, placing the biscuit glazed in the step S3 into a kiln, gradually heating to 1200-1290 ℃, heating for 17-19 hours, keeping the temperature for about 1-2 hours, closing the kiln, opening the kiln door, rapidly reducing the kiln temperature to 500-600 ℃ by using an air blower, keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes, closing the kiln door, turning off the air blower, naturally cooling, and taking out the garbage broken porcelain.
4. The method for preparing garbage broken porcelain in a Longquan Ge kiln as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S4, the gradual heating comprises the following steps:
heating the porcelain blank by slow fire for 2 to 3 hours, slowly heating the kiln to 580 to 600 ℃, and fully evaporating the water in the porcelain blank; and (3) increasing the temperature of the kiln to be close to 950 ℃ within 4-5 hours, then increasing the temperature of the kiln to 980 ℃ within 1 hour for transitional heat preservation, and slowly increasing the temperature of the kiln to 1200-1290 ℃ from 980 ℃ within 10-11 hours.
5. The method of manufacturing a Longquan Ge kiln ceramic porcelain according to claim 3, wherein in step S1, when the green body is formed, the expansion coefficient of all the components to which kaolin and alumina are added is increased by an amount close to 20% as compared with the expansion coefficient of the other components to which kaolin and alumina are not added.
6. The method for preparing the garbage broken porcelain of the Longquan Ge kiln as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3, said bisque firing comprises: and (3) placing the dried blank body in a kiln, biscuiting for 6-8 hours by using small fire, stopping firing after the temperature of the kiln is raised to 850-880 ℃, and taking out and firing the blank body when the kiln is naturally cooled to 30-50 ℃ to obtain the biscuited blank body.
7. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the ball milling is performed by mixing the components of stone balls, glaze and water in a weight ratio of 2: 1: 0.6, then putting the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling for 16 hours, and ball milling the mixture into a fineness of 100 meshes.
8. The method of manufacturing a chinaware in a Longquan Ge kiln as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the Qingtian stone is heated to a temperature close to 1000 ℃ separately and then pulverized to form a powder, and the powder is mixed with other components uniformly and then ball-milled with water.
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