CN1121700C - Relay and contactor - Google Patents
Relay and contactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1121700C CN1121700C CN 99116171 CN99116171A CN1121700C CN 1121700 C CN1121700 C CN 1121700C CN 99116171 CN99116171 CN 99116171 CN 99116171 A CN99116171 A CN 99116171A CN 1121700 C CN1121700 C CN 1121700C
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- contact
- semiconductor
- noncontacting switch
- circuit
- fixed contact
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a contact system for relays and contactors, which is characterized in that a circuit is switched on, is switched off or is converted according to the control of an outside input signal, and the contact system is provided with a movable contact and a fixed contact. A non-contact switch for semiconductors is used as a transitional accessory, and the characteristics of switch-on and cutoff of the non-contact switch for semiconductors are used for inhibiting the arc between the contacts of the contact system when the circuit is switched on, is switched off or is converted. Thus, the contact system for relays and contactors has the advantages of improvement of load capacity, long service life and improvement of operational reliability.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of circuit control device, especially come relay, the probe of contactor system of connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit according to extraneous input signal.
Relay, contactor all are to come the device of connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit by its actuator according to the external world's certain signal of input, most of relays, its actuator of contactor are the mechanical type contact systems, and relay of the present invention, probe of contactor system are meant relay contact system and probe of contactor system.One group of contact is arranged, the contacts of group more than having, the contact pattern has open type (promptly moving mould assembly), closed type (being moving fault) or conversion hysteria etc., various contact patterns all have moving contact, fixed contact, every group of conversion hysteria contact has a moving contact, two fixed contacts, this paper is called the 1st fixed contact and the 2nd fixed contact respectively arbitrarily for ease of explanation, the electric current that this paper claims to flow through contact is that the load current of contact also is the load current of relay, contactor, and the load capacity that has embodied contact is the load capacity of relay, contactor.The critical defect of mechanical type contact system is to engage with fixed contact or produce between contact during disjunction at rated voltage, nominal load condition lower moving contact to have destructive electric arc, the big more electric arc of load current is big more, electric arc damages contact, when serious so-called melting welding accident can take place, electric arc makes that contact system just makes the load capacity of relay, contactor reduce, working life has been lacked, functional reliability has reduced.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of relay, probe of contactor system, it not only can be at connection under the rated condition, shutoff or change-over circuit, and the electric arc in the time of being suppressed at connection, shutoff or change-over circuit between contact improves load capacity raising, long working life, the functional reliability of relay, probe of contactor system.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind ofly come connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit and have relay, the probe of contactor system of moving contact, fixed contact according to extraneous input signal, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is set, semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends are electrically connected with fixed contact, moving contact respectively, and the assistant electronic circuit of semiconductor noncontacting switch is electrically connected with the circuit of extraneous input signal.Semiconductor noncontacting switch as herein described is made up of semiconductor switch device and assistant electronic circuit.A transistor can be used as semiconductor dc switch device, bidirectional thyristor can be used as the interchange semiconductor switch device, along with development of semiconductor continues to bring out out various semiconductor switch devices, develop into the mixed switch device of integrated circuit from single semiconductor switch device, one pole type device is arranged, bipolar device and hybrid device, for example various thyristors, power transistor (GTR), power field effect transistor (power MOSFET), igbt (IGBT), static induction transistor (SIT), MOS thyristor (MCT), Deng, the voltage endurance capability of device, through-current capability, on-state voltage drop, small-power drives, switching speed ... Deng updating, give and the invention provides the semiconductor switch device that Gong to select for use, the task of assistant electronic circuit be for different semiconductor switch devices provide multi-form (interchange, direct current, pulse,) the drive semiconductor switch device from by entering conducting, because the difference of instructions for use, the semiconductor switch device difference that adopts, the composition of assistant electronic circuit is ever-changing, the combining form of assistant electronic circuit and semiconductor switch device has varied, and type of drive is also varied.When not having input signal, moving contact keeps often opening of itself and fixed contact, state normally closed or that connect with certain conversion fixed contact, extraneous input signal comes then, coil electricity, execution adhesive action, when input signal disappears, coil losing electricity, carry out release movement, relay, the adhesive motion process time and the released movement process time of probe of contactor system are Millisecond, because assistant electronic circuit is connected with the circuit of input signal, electronic circuit receiving inputted signal and conversion produce drive signal and offer semiconductor switch device, utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch to enter conducting at the adhesive of Millisecond or released movement process time, to be in that about about 1 volt low conduction voltage drop state lower moving contact and fixed contact connect be that contact system realizes connecting circuit, utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch is that the semiconductor noncontacting switch is in that moving contact and fixed contact disjunction are that contact system is done preliminary disjunction under the turn-on condition under the driving of drive signal, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is under the turn-on condition can enter conducting in the short time with the utmost point of microsecond level, circuital current continues circulation through the semiconductor noncontacting switch, can not produce destructive electric arc, utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch by being contact system realization breaking circuit under the high impedance status, do not produce destructive electric arc, reach and be suppressed at connection, the purpose of electric arc between contact when shutoff or change-over circuit.
A kind ofly come connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit and have relay, the probe of contactor system of conversion hysteria contact according to extraneous input signal, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is set, semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends are electrically connected with the 1st fixed contact, moving contact respectively, and semiconductor noncontacting switch control end is electrically connected with the 2nd fixed contact.The adhesive motion process time and the released movement process time of relay, probe of contactor system are Millisecond, utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch to enter conducting, to be in that low conduction voltage drop state lower moving contact connects with fixed contact be that contact system is realized the connection circuit, utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch to be in that moving contact and fixed contact disjunction are that contact system is done preliminary disjunction under the turn-on condition, utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch by being contact system realization breaking circuit under the high impedance status, do not produce destructive electric arc, thereby realize purpose of the present invention.For the example as open type (moving mould assembly) contact system, when not having input signal, circuit is in off state.Moving contact and the 2nd fixed contact are connected, make semiconductor noncontacting switch control end by short circuit be drive signal by short circuit, the semiconductor noncontacting switch ends because of no drive signal is in and is high impedance status.Input signal comes then, coil electricity, execution adhesive action, moving contact is at first connected with the 2nd fixed contact disjunction and then with the 1st fixed contact, the adhesive motion process time is Millisecond, moving contact and the 2nd fixed contact disjunction moment play semiconductor noncontacting switch control end and are removed immediately by the situation of short circuit, that is to say moving contact and in the 2nd fixed contact disjunction moment the semiconductor noncontacting switch drive is just arranged is that the semiconductor noncontacting switch is under the turn-on condition, the semiconductor noncontacting switch can enter conducting state in the short time at the utmost point of microsecond level under drive, utilize the conducting of semiconductor noncontacting switch to be under about about 1 volt low conduction voltage drop state, moving contact and the 1st fixed contact are connected when being contact system realization connection circuit can not produce destructive electric arc, circuital current is through the 1st fixed contact, moving contact and circulating is finished the task that " moving closing " connects circuit.After input signal disappears, coil losing electricity, carry out release movement, moving contact at first with the 1st fixed contact disjunction, and then connect with the 2nd fixed contact, the released movement process time is a Millisecond, utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch to be in moving contact and the 1st fixed contact disjunction under the turn-on condition, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is in and can enters conducting state under the turn-on condition at the utmost point of microsecond level in the short time and make circuital current continue circulation through the semiconductor noncontacting switch, can not produce destructive electric arc, moving contact is connected with the 2nd fixed contact then, semiconductor noncontacting switch control end is by short circuit, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is ended by short circuit because of drive signal and is high impedance status, and contact system is realized breaking circuit.Above-mentioned open type contact system suppresses the electric arc principle and also is applicable to closed type contact system and conversion hysteria contact system.
A bit contact of the way of contact of the contact of existing relay, probe of contactor system, line contact contact with face, the electric arc that relay of the present invention, probe of contactor system can suppress between contact makes the adoptable way of contact of its contact more, and the way of contact of its contact has a way of contact, the line way of contact, the face way of contact or cutter to insert the way of contact.Cutter inserts the contact area increase that the way of contact makes moving contact and fixed contact, improves the load capacity of relay, contactor.So this paper claims contact and does not claim contact.
When engaging with fixed contact, the moving contact of relay, probe of contactor system can produce jitter phenomenon because of collision, this shake makes the damage aggravation of electric arc to contact for existing relay, probe of contactor system, shake brings bad influence to load circuit signal (or electric current), for relay of the present invention, probe of contactor system, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is under the low conduction voltage drop state, the bad influence that shake is produced is eased down to minimum, and this is the benefit that technical solution of the present invention brings for relay, contactor.
Owing to adopt such scheme, electric arc when relay of the present invention, the connection under rated condition of probe of contactor system, shutoff or change-over circuit between contact has been suppressed significantly, the load capacity of relay, probe of contactor system has improved, long working life, having eliminated the melting welding accident that electric arc may cause has improved functional reliability, also the bad influence with the contact shake eases down to minimum, is to have obtained high functional price ratio with semiconductor noncontacting switch at a low price.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a semiconductor noncontacting switch part exemplary circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the first embodiment of the invention electrical schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the second embodiment of the invention electrical schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is an embodiment of the invention structural map.
U power supply y among the figure
1, y
2Both ends of power u
4DC power supply u
0Extraneous input signal R
LLoad J relay, contactor coil K semiconductor noncontacting switch B
0, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4Semiconductor noncontacting switch control end M, N semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends
(a) is by semiconductor switch device (S) and assistant electronic circuit (E among Fig. 1
1) the semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) formed, semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends are M, N, semiconductor noncontacting switch control end is B
0, Fig. 1 (b) bidirectional thyristor T
3As semiconductor switch device, a resistance R
0Also can constitute assistant electronic circuit, it can be to bidirectional thyristor T
3Provide drive signal to make T
3Enter conducting state, T
3With R
0Form semiconductor noncontacting switch (K), control end is B
1, if with B
1With the N terminal shortcircuit then is to say the control end of semiconductor noncontacting switch by short circuit, and then drive signal is by short circuit or say that drive signal disappears, and the semiconductor noncontacting switch ends because of losing drive signal.Semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) control end of Fig. 1 (c) is B
2, if with B
2Logical with the M termination, then there is drive semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) to enter conducting state.Fig. 1 (d) is the solid-state semiconductor noncontacting switch, with drive signal from B
3B
4Send into and can drive semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) and enter conducting state, some product is with B
3B
4Short circuit just can drive the semiconductor noncontacting switch and enter conducting state, and electronic circuit changes all the time, and type of drive is also varied, though Fig. 1 only lists the semiconductor noncontacting switch of several forms B is arranged just
1Mode, B
2Mode, B
3B
4The type of drive that mode etc. are different.
Among Fig. 2, a kind of according to extraneous input signal (u
0) come connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit and have moving contact, fixed contact with X
0, X
1, X
2Be relay, the probe of contactor system of exit, also have semiconductor noncontacting switch (K), semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends are electrically connected with fixed contact, moving contact respectively, the assistant electronic circuit of semiconductor noncontacting switch and extraneous input signal (u
0) circuit (P
5, P
6) be electrically connected.Each semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) is respectively by semiconductor switch device K among the figure
1, K
2, K
3, K
4The assistant electronic circuit corresponding with it formed.For example comprise triode T
1, resistance R
11, R
12, capacitor C
1Assistant electronic circuit and K
1Form a semiconductor noncontacting switch (K); Comprise triode T
2, resistance R
21, R
22, R
23, capacitor C
2Assistant electronic circuit and K
2Form another semiconductor noncontacting switch (K), comprised open type contact system Fig. 2 (b) and closed type contact system Fig. 2 (c) as Fig. 2 (a) of conversion hysteria contact system.Each assistant electronic circuit all with extraneous input signal (u
0) circuit (P
5, P
6) be electrically connected, all received input signal (u
0) and conversion produce drive signal u respectively
1, u
2, u
3, u
4Respectively from P
1, P
2, P
3, P
4Each point offers semiconductor switch device K
1, K
2, K
3, K
4, Fig. 2 (d) has u
0, u
1, u
2, u
3, u
4Voltage oscillogram, u
10, u
20, u
30, u
40Be respectively K
1, K
2, K
3, K
4Minimum drive level, semiconductor switch device K is arranged among the figure
1, K
2, K
3, K
4Be in the time zone of turn-on condition.Among Fig. 2 (a), when not having input signal, fixed contact (1), moving contact (3) are switched to load R with power supply (u)
L1, t
1Shi Keyou input signal (u
0), the adhesive action is carried out in coil (J) energising, and the adhesive action has the adhesive motion process time, and moving contact (3) is at t
2Constantly with fixed contact (1) disjunction at t
3Connect the visible t of Fig. 2 (d) constantly with fixed contact (2)
2Moment semiconductor switch device (K
1) be under the turn-on condition and can enter conducting state at the utmost point in the short time, R
L1Load current is through semiconductor switch device (K
1) continuing circulation, moving contact (3) and fixed contact (1) are at t
2Can not produce destructive electric arc between break contact (1,3) constantly.t
3Moment semiconductor switch device (K
2) being in conducting state, M, N two ends are in about about 1 volt low conduction voltage drop state, and moving contact this moment (3) makes contact with fixed contact (2) can not produce destructive electric arc between (3,2).Moving contact (3), fixed contact (2) are switched to load R with power supply (u)
L2, t
3Semiconductor switch device (K afterwards
1) because of drive signal (u
1) diminish and end R
L1Load is in off state, has finished the circuit conversion task.t
4Moment input signal (u
0) disappear, coil (J) dead electricity is carried out release movement.Release movement has released movement process time, t
5Moving contact (3) and fixed contact (2) disjunction constantly, semiconductor switch device (K at this moment
2) be under the turn-on condition, can enter conducting state with the utmost point short time, R
L2Load current is through semiconductor switch device (K
2) continuing circulation, contact can not produce destructive electric arc between (3,2).t
6Moving contact (3) is connected with fixed contact (1) constantly, at this moment u
1For high potential drives semiconductor switch device (K
1) entered conducting and be in low conduction voltage drop state, contact can not produce destructive electric arc between (3,1).t
6Semiconductor switch device (K afterwards
2) because of drive signal (u
2) diminish and by being high impedance status, load R
L2Be in off state, moving contact (3), fixed contact (1) are switched to load R to power supply u
L1, finish a convert task again and be returned to t
1Preceding state.Among Fig. 2, assistant electronic circuit and load circuit be (y altogether
2), actual use can adopt the isolation coupling mode that assistant electronic circuit and load circuit are isolated.Among Fig. 2, electronic circuit receiving inputted signal (u
0) after can enter a series of conversion, can utilize u
0Rising edge trigger monostable circuit (A) and produce as u
5Shown pulse (1) utilizes u
5The trailing edge of pulse (1) trigger monostable circuit (B) and produce as u
6Shown pulse (1) utilizes u
0Trailing edge trigger monostable circuit (B) and produce as u
6Shown pulse (2) utilizes u
6The trailing edge of pulse (2) trigger monostable circuit (A) and produce as u
5Shown pulse (2).Obviously, u
5, u
6Can be used as the pulsed drive signal and replace u
1, u
2Drive K
1, K
2Realize purpose of the present invention, u
5, u
6Can be used as control signal again, the drive signal of control variety of way is at u
5Moment of pulse in drive K
1, at u
6Moment of pulse in drive K
2, reach and realize purpose of the present invention.We find, u
5, u
6Pulse not overlapping in time, in the change-over circuit process, make K
1, K
2Conducting not overlapping in time yet, applicable to strict circuit conversion, u
5, u
6Introducing make and have more implementation method to realize purpose of the present invention in the present embodiment, electronic circuit changes all the time, can adopt different semiconductor switch devices, can adopt different type of drive, also can adopting different electrically connected methods all can utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch to enter conducting, to be in that low conduction voltage drop state lower moving contact connects with fixed contact be that contact system is realized the connection circuit, all can utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch to be in that moving contact and fixed contact disjunction are that contact system is done preliminary disjunction under the turn-on condition, all can utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch by being contact system realization breaking circuit under the high impedance status, do not produce destructive electric arc, realize purpose of the present invention.
Among Fig. 3, a kind of according to extraneous input signal come connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit and have the conversion hysteria contact with X
0, X
1, X
2Be relay, the probe of contactor system of exit, also have semiconductor noncontacting switch (K), semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends (M, N) is electrically connected with the 1st fixed contact (1), moving contact (3) respectively, semiconductor noncontacting switch control end (B
1) be electrically connected with the 2nd fixed contact (2).Fig. 3 (a) is an open type, and moving contact (3) is connected semiconductor noncontacting switch control end (B with the 2nd fixed contact (2)
1) by short circuit, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is in by being high impedance status, load R
LCircuit is in off state.Input signal (u
0) come then, the adhesive action is carried out in coil (J) energising, and moving contact (3) is at first connected contact (3,2) disjunction moment semiconductor noncontacting switch control end (B with (2) disjunction of the 2nd fixed contact and then with the 1st fixed contact (1)
1) removed the semiconductor noncontacting switch immediately by the situation of short circuit and be under the turn-on condition immediately, the semiconductor noncontacting switch can be to enter conducting state in the extremely short time, utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch to enter conducting is under the low conduction voltage drop state, it is that contact system realizes connecting circuit that moving contact (3) is connected with the 1st fixed contact (1), contact can not produce destructive electric arc between (3,1).Moving contact (3), the 1st fixed contact (1) are switched to load R with power supply u
L, finish " moving closing " and connect the circuit task.Input signal (u
0) when disappearing, coil (J) dead electricity, carry out release movement, utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch to be in moving contact under the turn-on condition (3) is that contact system is done preliminary disjunction with the 1st fixed contact (1) disjunction, the semiconductor noncontacting switch was under the turn-on condition and can enters conducting state within the short time at the utmost point this moment, load current continues circulation through semiconductor noncontacting switch (K), can not produce destructive electric arc during contact (3,1) disjunction.Moving contact (3) is connected with the 2nd fixed contact (2) then, semiconductor noncontacting switch control end (B
1) by short circuit, the semiconductor noncontacting switch is realized breaking circuit by being the high impedance status contact system, can not produce electric arc, R
LLoad circuit is replied off state.Fig. 3 (b) is a closed type, and moving contact (3) is connected with the 1st fixed contact (1) power supply (u) is switched to load R
L, input signal (u
0) come then, coil (J) energising, execution adhesive action, utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch to be in moving contact under the turn-on condition (3) and the 1st fixed contact (1) disjunction, semiconductor noncontacting switch this moment (K) is under the turn-on condition and can enters conducting state in the short time at the utmost point and make load current continue circulation through semiconductor noncontacting switch (K), and contact can not produce destructive electric arc between (3,1), moving contact (3) is connected semiconductor noncontacting switch control end (B with the 2nd fixed contact (2) then
1) by short circuit, semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) ends because of no drive signal and is high impedance status contact system realization breaking circuit, does not produce electric arc, load RL circuit is in off state, finishes " moving disconnected " task.After input signal disappeared, coil (J) dead electricity was carried out release movement, moving contact (3) and the 2nd fixed contact (2) disjunction, disjunction moment semiconductor noncontacting switch control end (B
1) removed immediately by the situation of short circuit, semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) is under the turn-on condition can enter conducting state in the short time with the utmost point, utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch to enter conducting is under the low conduction voltage drop state, it is that contact system realizes connecting circuit that moving contact (3) is connected with the 1st fixed contact (1), contact can not produce destructive electric arc between (3,1).Moving contact (3), the 1st fixed contact (1) are switched to load R with power supply (u)
LFig. 3 (c) is a conversion hysteria, adopts two semiconductor noncontacting switches (K), adopts to have two groups of synchronous conversion hysteria contacts, and it is (b) identical with Fig. 3 (a) that it suppresses the electric arc principle.Because electronic circuit changes all the time, can adopt different semiconductor switch devices, adopt different type of drive also can adopt different electrically connected methods, so present embodiment also has multiple implementation method, all utilizing the semiconductor noncontacting switch to enter conducting, to be in that low conduction voltage drop state lower moving contact connects with fixed contact be that contact system is realized the connection circuit, all can utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch to be in that moving contact and fixed contact disjunction are that contact system is done preliminary disjunction under the turn-on condition, utilize the semiconductor noncontacting switch by being contact system realization breaking circuit under the high impedance status, do not produce destructive electric arc.Reach and realize purpose of the present invention.
Among Fig. 4, Fig. 4 (a) is and the corresponding structural map of Fig. 3 (a) that Fig. 4 (b) is and the corresponding structural map of Fig. 2 (b) that semiconductor noncontacting switch (K) volume is little, can be installed on the insulation board (4).The version that the contact of relay, probe of contactor system shown in Fig. 4 (c) adopts cutter to insert, the contact way of contact is the cutter plug-in type.Fig. 4 (d) is a contact (1 among Fig. 4 (c) (e), 3) H is to the local enlarged diagram of view, and Fig. 4 (d) is that moving contact (3) is in the disjunction state with fixed contact (1), and Fig. 4 (e) is that moving contact (3) is in on-state with fixed contact (1), its contact area is big, and load capacity improves.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is come connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit and has relay, the probe of contactor system of moving contact, fixed contact according to extraneous input signal, it is characterized in that: also have the semiconductor noncontacting switch, semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends are electrically connected with fixed contact, moving contact respectively, and the assistant electronic circuit of semiconductor noncontacting switch is electrically connected with the circuit of extraneous input signal.
2. one kind is come connection, shutoff or the conversion of control circuit and has relay, the probe of contactor system of conversion hysteria contact according to extraneous input signal, it is characterized in that: also have the semiconductor noncontacting switch, semiconductor noncontacting switch two ends are electrically connected with the 1st fixed contact, moving contact respectively, and semiconductor noncontacting switch control end is electrically connected with the 2nd fixed contact.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99116171 CN1121700C (en) | 1999-03-15 | 1999-05-06 | Relay and contactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99116081.9 | 1999-03-15 | ||
| CN99116081 | 1999-03-15 | ||
| CN 99116171 CN1121700C (en) | 1999-03-15 | 1999-05-06 | Relay and contactor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1306292A CN1306292A (en) | 2001-08-01 |
| CN1121700C true CN1121700C (en) | 2003-09-17 |
Family
ID=25745064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99116171 Expired - Fee Related CN1121700C (en) | 1999-03-15 | 1999-05-06 | Relay and contactor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1121700C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104465166B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2018-06-08 | 何曙光 | Direct current soft switching module |
-
1999
- 1999-05-06 CN CN 99116171 patent/CN1121700C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1306292A (en) | 2001-08-01 |
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