CN108879620B - Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch arc voltage transfer and use method thereof - Google Patents
Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch arc voltage transfer and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108879620B CN108879620B CN201810819005.5A CN201810819005A CN108879620B CN 108879620 B CN108879620 B CN 108879620B CN 201810819005 A CN201810819005 A CN 201810819005A CN 108879620 B CN108879620 B CN 108879620B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
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Abstract
The direct current circuit breaker comprises a main current loop, a transfer current branch and an energy consumption circuit, wherein the main current loop, the transfer current branch and the energy consumption circuit are connected in parallel, and the main current loop is formed by connecting a high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and a high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer in series; the first power semiconductor device (A1) is connected in series with the second power semiconductor device (A2), and the third power semiconductor device (A3) is connected in series with the fourth power semiconductor device (A4); the power semiconductor device (A5) is connected between the first endpoint and the second endpoint, the buffer circuit (A6) is connected between the third endpoint and the fourth endpoint, the energy consumption circuit is composed of one or more MOVs connected in series and parallel, and the energy consumption circuit is connected between the third endpoint and the fourth endpoint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical equipment, in particular to a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch arc voltage transfer and a use method thereof.
Background
The hybrid circuit breaker composed of the high-speed mechanical switch and the power semiconductor device has the advantages of large current capacity, high turn-off speed, strong current limiting capability and the like, and has become a research hot spot in the field of high-capacity system turn-on and turn-off. Compared with other mixed schemes, the scheme of the mixed direct current breaker for breaking current by using the power semiconductor device with the full control function has the advantages of faster breaking speed and more contribution to breaking rated current. However, when the full-control power semiconductor device is used for breaking current, the full-control power semiconductor device is usually connected with the mechanical switch in series to realize current transfer, so that rated current loss is high, and popularization and application of the full-control power semiconductor device are restricted.
After the traditional direct current breaker is broken, the mechanical switch needs to withstand the turn-off voltage, and the breaking failure is easily caused by heavy breakdown due to insufficient recovery of the dielectric strength of the mechanical fracture medium.
The capacitor charging circuit in the traditional transfer circuit is directly connected with the main loop without isolation, the charging power supply and the main loop can be interfered in the switching-on and switching-off process, the voltage withstand requirement on the charging power supply of the main loop is very high, and the switching-on and switching-off is unreliable.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in the country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects or drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
In one aspect of the invention, a direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer comprises a main current loop, a transfer current branch and an energy dissipation circuit, wherein the main current loop, the transfer current branch and the energy dissipation circuit are connected in parallel,
The main current loop is formed by connecting a high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and a high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer in series;
the transfer current branch is formed by connecting one or more solid-state switches in series, wherein the solid-state switches are composed of a first power semiconductor device, a second power semiconductor device, a third power semiconductor device, a fourth power semiconductor device, a fifth power semiconductor device and a buffer circuit, and the solid-state switches are formed by connecting the first power semiconductor device, the second power semiconductor device, the third power semiconductor device, the fourth power semiconductor device, the fifth power semiconductor device and the buffer circuit in series, wherein:
The first power semiconductor device is connected with the second power semiconductor device in series, and the third power semiconductor device is connected with the fourth power semiconductor device in series; a first endpoint is arranged between the first power semiconductor device and the second power semiconductor device; a second endpoint is arranged between the third power semiconductor device and the fourth power semiconductor device; a third endpoint is arranged between the first power semiconductor device and the third power semiconductor device; a fourth endpoint is arranged between the second power semiconductor device and the fourth power semiconductor device; the power semiconductor device is connected between the first terminal and the second terminal, the buffer circuit is connected between the third terminal and the fourth terminal,
The energy consumption circuit is composed of one or more MOVs connected in series-parallel, and the energy consumption circuit is connected between the third end point and the fourth end point.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switch arc voltage transfer, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 and/or the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer comprise one or more high-speed mechanical switches connected in series and parallel, the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is in arc breaking or no arc breaking, and an arc extinguishing chamber medium of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer is air, SF6, N2 or H2.
In the dc breaker based on the arc voltage transfer of the mechanical switch, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 and/or the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are a high-speed mechanical switch based on electromagnetic repulsion, a mechanical switch based on high-speed motor driving, or a high-speed mechanical switch based on explosion driving, and the medium of the arc extinguishing chamber of the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is SF6 or vacuum.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the first power semiconductor device, the second power semiconductor device, the third power semiconductor device or the fourth power semiconductor device is an uncontrollable or semi-controllable unidirectional conduction power semiconductor device or a combination thereof, and the fifth power semiconductor device is a fully-controlled power electronic device with current turn-off capability.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, a buffer circuit is connected between the first terminal and the second terminal, and a power consumption circuit is connected between the first terminal and the second terminal.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the buffer circuit is composed of one or more of a capacitor, a resistor or a power semiconductor device, and the power semiconductor device is an uncontrolled or semi-controlled unidirectional conduction power semiconductor device.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the buffer circuit comprises a capacitor, a resistor and a power semiconductor device, wherein the capacitor is connected with the resistor in series, and the power semiconductor device is connected with the resistor in parallel.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the buffer circuit comprises a capacitor and a resistor, and the capacitor is connected with the resistor in series.
In the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, under a normal working state, current flows through the main current circuit, and a first power semiconductor device, a second power semiconductor device, a third power semiconductor device, a fourth power semiconductor device and a fifth power semiconductor device in the solid-state switching circuit are all in an off state, and no current flows through the transfer current branch;
When the system needs to be disconnected, the high-speed mechanical switch in the main current circuit performs a switching-off action, and as the mechanical delay exists in the high-speed mechanical switch, when the switching-off action is performed, the contact of the high-speed mechanical switch is still in a closed state; and determining whether the power semiconductor device in the transfer current branch acts and corresponding action time sequence by measuring the current amplitude and the change rate of the main current circuit.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for using the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer comprises the following steps:
in the first step, when the system normally operates, all current flows from a main current circuit, the system has a short circuit fault, the current of the main current circuit starts to rise, and when the short circuit threshold value of the system is exceeded, the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer starts to operate first, or the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer operate simultaneously;
in the second step, after arcing between contacts of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer, controlling and conducting a power semiconductor device in the solid-state switching circuit to be opened, wherein a transfer current branch is conducted, and the arc voltage of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer of the main current circuit is utilized to enable current flowing through the main circuit to be quickly transferred to the transfer current branch;
In the third step, when all the main circuit current is transferred to a transfer current branch, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation is controlled to be disconnected, or the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are simultaneously disconnected, and when all the main circuit current is transferred to the transfer current branch, the electric arc between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is extinguished and a mechanical fracture is formed;
in the fourth step, when the dielectric insulation strength between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 is enough to withstand the break overvoltage, the power semiconductor device in the solid-state switching circuit is controlled to be turned off, the current is transferred to the buffer circuit, and when the voltage of the buffer circuit exceeds the conduction threshold voltage of the energy dissipation circuit MOV, the energy dissipation circuit is turned on; the current starts to transfer to the energy consumption circuit;
In the fifth step, the current is completely transferred to the energy consumption circuit, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker reaches the highest value at the moment, and is an overvoltage peak value at the two ends of the circuit breaker in the opening process; after that, the current in the energy consumption circuit starts to drop, the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker also starts to drop slowly, and when the system current is smaller than the minimum conduction current of the energy consumption circuit; the energy consumption circuit is closed, the voltage at the two ends of the energy consumption circuit is rapidly reduced, the current in the energy consumption circuit is zero, the circuit breaker is opened, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker is reduced to the system voltage.
The invention has the following advantages: the main current circuit only has a mechanical switch, no power electronic device through current, no on-state loss and no heat dissipation measures; through optimizing the topological structure design, the high-speed mechanical switch and the high-speed mechanical isolating switch are adopted to respectively realize the rapid transfer of current and the tolerance breaking voltage, so that the design requirement of a single mechanical switch is greatly reduced, and the engineering realization of a circuit breaker is facilitated.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, to the extent that it can be implemented according to the content of the specification by those skilled in the art, and to make the above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following description is given by way of example of the present invention.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is evident that the figures described below are only some embodiments of the invention, from which other figures can be obtained without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DC circuit breaker operating based on mechanical switching arc voltage transitions in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of transfer circuit current signature during breaking current of a direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 (a) to 4 (e) are circuit current flow diagrams when a circuit breaker breaks a current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the current change in each circuit when breaking current for a direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a DC circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a DC circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a DC circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 12 (a) to 12 (c) are schematic structural diagrams of a snubber circuit of a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of steps in a method of using a dc circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 13. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will understand that a person may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not identify differences in terms of components, but rather differences in terms of the functionality of the components. As used throughout the specification and claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description hereinafter sets forth a preferred embodiment for practicing the invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as the description proceeds with reference to the general principles of the description. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the drawings of several embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and the accompanying drawings are not to be taken as limiting the embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, a direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer includes a main current loop, a transfer current branch and a power dissipation circuit, and the main current loop, the transfer current branch and the power dissipation circuit are connected in parallel,
The main current loop is formed by connecting a high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and a high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer in series;
The transfer current branch is formed by connecting one or more solid-state switches in series, wherein the solid-state switches are formed by a first power semiconductor device A1, a second power semiconductor device A2, a third power semiconductor device A3, a fourth power semiconductor device A4, a fifth power semiconductor device A5 and a buffer circuit A6, and the solid-state switches comprise:
The first power semiconductor device A1 is connected with the second power semiconductor device A2 in series, and the third power semiconductor device A3 is connected with the fourth power semiconductor device A4 in series; a first endpoint is arranged between the first power semiconductor device A1 and the second power semiconductor device A2; a second terminal is arranged between the third power semiconductor device A3 and the fourth power semiconductor device A4; a third endpoint is arranged between the first power semiconductor device A1 and the third power semiconductor device A3; a fourth endpoint is arranged between the second power semiconductor device A2 and the fourth power semiconductor device A4; the power semiconductor device A5 is connected between the first and second terminals, the buffer circuit A6 is connected between the third and fourth terminals,
The energy consumption circuit is composed of one or more MOVs connected in series-parallel, and the energy consumption circuit is connected between the third end point and the fourth end point.
For further understanding of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the hybrid dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer of the present embodiment, for better illustrating a breaking process of the breaker, provides a schematic structural diagram of a flow of a breaker current from left to right, as shown in fig. 2.
The main current circuit is composed of a series connection of a high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and a high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer, and the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are composed of one or more parallel connection. The transfer circuit is formed by connecting one or more solid-state switches in series and parallel; the solid-state switch is composed of a first power semiconductor device A1, a second power semiconductor device A2, a third power semiconductor device A3, a fourth power semiconductor device A4, a fifth power semiconductor device A5 and a buffer circuit A6. The energy consumption circuit is composed of one or more MOVs connected in series and parallel.
The isolating high-speed mechanical switch S1 can be arc breaking or arc-free breaking, and the medium of the arc extinguishing chamber is SF6 or vacuum; the arc extinguishing chamber medium of the transfer high-speed mechanical switch S2 is air, SF6 or vacuum.
The connection relation of the solid-state switch circuit is as follows: the first power semiconductor device A1 is connected with the second power semiconductor device A2 in series, and the third power semiconductor device A3 is connected with the fourth power semiconductor device A4 in series; a first endpoint is arranged between the first power semiconductor device A1 and the second power semiconductor device A2; a second terminal is arranged between the third power semiconductor device A3 and the fourth power semiconductor device A4;
A third endpoint is arranged between the first power semiconductor device A1 and the third power semiconductor device A3; a fourth endpoint is arranged between the second power semiconductor device A2 and the fourth power semiconductor device A4; the power semiconductor device A5 is connected between the first terminal and the second terminal. The buffer circuit A6 and the energy-consuming circuit MOV have various connection implementations, and the buffer circuit A6 is connected between the first end point and the second end point or between the third end point and the fourth end point, and the energy-consuming circuit MOV is connected between the first end point and the second end point or between the third end point and the fourth end point.
The first power semiconductor device A1, the second power semiconductor device A2, the third power semiconductor device A3 and the fourth power semiconductor device A4 are unidirectional conductive power semiconductor devices or combinations thereof with uncontrollable or semi-controllable functions, including but not limited to any one or a combination of any plurality of power diodes and thyristors. The fifth power semiconductor device A5 is A fully controlled power electronic device with current turn-off capability, including but not limited to any one or A combination of any multiple of IGCT, IGBT, IEGT and GTO.
The isolation and transfer high-speed mechanical switch is a high-speed mechanical switch based on electromagnetic repulsion, a mechanical switch based on high-speed motor drive or a high-speed mechanical switch based on explosion drive.
The buffer circuit is composed of one or more of a capacitor C, a resistor R and a power semiconductor device D, wherein the power semiconductor device D is an uncontrolled or semi-controlled unidirectional conduction power semiconductor device.
The connection relation of the buffer circuit is as follows: the capacitor C is connected in series with the resistor R, and the power semiconductor device D is connected in parallel with the resistor R or connected in series with the resistor R, so that the power semiconductor device D is not needed.
Under normal working state, current flows from the main current circuit; at this time, the first power semiconductor device A1, the second power semiconductor device A2, the third power semiconductor device A3, the fourth power semiconductor device A4 and the fifth power semiconductor device A5 in the solid-state switching circuit are all in an off state, and no current passes through the transfer circuit;
When the system needs to be disconnected, the high-speed mechanical switch in the main current circuit performs a switching-off action, and as the mechanical delay exists in the high-speed mechanical switch, when the switching-off action is performed, the contact of the high-speed mechanical switch is still in a closed state; determining whether the power semiconductor device in the transfer circuit acts and corresponding action time sequence by measuring the current amplitude and the change rate of the main current circuit.
In the preferred embodiment of the direct current breaker based on mechanical switch arc voltage transfer, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 and/or the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer comprise one or more high-speed mechanical switches connected in series and parallel, the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is in arc breaking or no arc breaking, and an arc extinguishing chamber medium of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer is air, SF6, N2 or H2.
In the preferred embodiment of the dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to the present invention, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and/or the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are high-speed mechanical switches based on electromagnetic repulsion, mechanical switches based on high-speed motor driving or high-speed mechanical switches based on explosion driving, and the arc extinguishing chamber medium of the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is SF6 or vacuum.
In a preferred embodiment of the dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to the present invention, the first power semiconductor device A1, the second power semiconductor device A2, the third power semiconductor device A3, or the fourth power semiconductor device A4 is a unidirectional conductive power semiconductor device or a combination thereof, which is uncontrollable or has a half-control function, and the fifth power semiconductor device A5 is a fully-controlled power electronic device having a current turn-off capability.
In a preferred embodiment of the dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to the present invention, a snubber circuit A6 is connected between the first and second terminals, and an energy dissipation circuit is connected between the first and second terminals.
In a preferred embodiment of the direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the buffer circuit is composed of one or more of a capacitor C, a resistor R or a power semiconductor device D, wherein the power semiconductor device D is an uncontrolled or semi-controlled unidirectional conduction power semiconductor device.
In a preferred embodiment of the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the buffer circuit comprises a capacitor C, a resistor R and a power semiconductor device D, wherein the capacitor C is connected with the resistor R in series, and the power semiconductor device D is connected with the resistor R in parallel.
In a preferred embodiment of the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, the snubber circuit comprises a capacitor C and a resistor R, wherein the capacitor C is connected in series with the resistor R.
In the preferred embodiment of the direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer, under the normal working state, current flows through the main current circuit, the first power semiconductor device A1, the second power semiconductor device A2, the third power semiconductor device A3, the fourth power semiconductor device A4 and the fifth power semiconductor device A5 in the solid-state switching circuit are all in an off state, and no current flows through the transfer current branch;
When the system needs to be disconnected, the high-speed mechanical switch in the main current circuit performs a switching-off action, and as the mechanical delay exists in the high-speed mechanical switch, when the switching-off action is performed, the contact of the high-speed mechanical switch is still in a closed state; and determining whether the power semiconductor device in the transfer current branch acts and corresponding action time sequence by measuring the current amplitude and the change rate of the main current circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transfer circuit current flag during breaking of a direct current breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 also shows current flags of each branch of the transfer circuit during breaking, where i1 is a current flowing through a main current circuit, i2 is a current flowing through the transfer circuit, i3 is a current flowing through a circuit A5, i4 is a current flowing through a buffer circuit A6, and i5 is a current flowing through an energy dissipation circuit A7.
Fig. 4 (a) to 4 (e) show the directions of the branch currents in the transfer circuit, specifically, the directions of the branch currents corresponding to the times from t0 to t6 when the current is divided. Fig. 5 shows a current change curve of each branch when the current is divided. The specific operation steps comprise the following aspects:
When the system operates normally, all current flows through the main current circuit;
At time t0, the system is in short circuit fault, and the current of the main current circuit starts to rise. When the current exceeds the system short-circuit threshold value, the control system acts, the high-speed mechanical switch starts to act, and when the mechanical delay exists, the head is still in a closed state;
at time t1, the mechanical contact is pulled open, an arc is generated between the fractures, and the current flowing through the main current circuit is transferred to the transfer circuit;
At time t2, all or most of the main circuit current is transferred to the transfer circuit; the transfer circuit bears all short-circuit current, and the short-circuit current gradually rises to control the high-speed mechanical isolating switch to be opened;
At time t3, when the dielectric insulation between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical isolating switch is recovered to be enough to withstand the overvoltage of the system, the power semiconductor device A5 in the solid-state switching circuit is controlled to be turned off, and the current is transferred to the buffer circuit A6;
at time t4, the voltage of the buffer circuit A6 exceeds the conduction threshold voltage of the energy consumption circuit, and the energy consumption circuit A7 is conducted; the current starts to transfer to the energy consumption circuit;
At time t5, the current is completely transferred to the energy consumption circuit, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker reaches the highest value at the moment, and is an overvoltage peak value at the two ends of the circuit breaker in the opening process; after that, the current in the energy consumption circuit starts to drop, the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker also starts to drop slowly, and when the system current is smaller than the minimum conduction current of the energy consumption circuit; the energy consumption circuit is closed, and the voltage at two ends of the energy consumption circuit is rapidly reduced;
at time t6, the current in the energy consumption circuit is zero, the circuit breaker is opened, and the voltage drop at the two ends of the circuit breaker is the system voltage.
The high-speed mechanical transfer or isolation switch is a high-speed mechanical switch based on electromagnetic repulsion, a mechanical switch based on high-speed motor drive or a high-speed mechanical switch based on explosion drive.
The power semiconductor device with the full control function comprises any one or a combination of any plurality of IGBT, IGCT, IEGT and GTO.
fig. 6 to 11 show specific embodiments of specific connection modes using a specific device IGBT, IGCT, IEGT, a thyristor, a diode, or the like as a primary side circuit, a buffer circuit, or the like in the power semiconductor device and the magnetic coupling transfer module.
Fig. 12 (a) to 12 (c) show different combinations of the buffer circuits.
The present invention does not require complete symmetry of the circuit in the circuit breaker other than the situation shown in the figures.
Fig. 13 is a schematic step diagram of a method of using a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer according to one embodiment of the invention, the method of using a dc breaker based on mechanical switching arc voltage transfer comprising the steps of:
In the first step S1, when the system is operating normally, all current flows from the main current circuit, the system has a short-circuit fault, the current of the main current circuit starts to rise, and when the short-circuit threshold value of the system is exceeded, the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer starts to operate first, or the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer operate simultaneously;
In the second step S2, after arcing between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer, the power semiconductor device A5 in the solid-state switching circuit is controlled to be turned on, the transfer current branch is turned on, and the arc voltage of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer of the main current circuit is utilized to make the current flowing through the main circuit quickly transferred to the transfer current branch;
in the third step S3, when all the main circuit current is transferred to the transfer current branch, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation is controlled to be opened, or the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are simultaneously opened, and when all the main circuit current is transferred to the transfer current branch, the electric arc between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is extinguished and a mechanical fracture is formed;
in a fourth step S4, when the dielectric insulation strength between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 is enough to withstand the turn-off overvoltage, the power semiconductor device A5 in the solid-state switching circuit is controlled to be turned off, the current is transferred to the buffer circuit A6, and when the voltage of the buffer circuit exceeds the turn-on threshold voltage of the energy dissipation circuit MOV, the energy dissipation circuit is turned on; the current starts to transfer to the energy consumption circuit;
In the fifth step S5, all the current is transferred to the energy consumption circuit, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker reaches the highest value at the moment and is an overvoltage peak value at the two ends of the circuit breaker in the opening process; after that, the current in the energy consumption circuit starts to drop, the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker also starts to drop slowly, and when the system current is smaller than the minimum conduction current of the energy consumption circuit; the energy consumption circuit is closed, the voltage at the two ends of the energy consumption circuit is rapidly reduced, the current in the energy consumption circuit is zero, the circuit breaker is opened, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker is reduced to the system voltage.
In the invention, when the circuit breaker needs to break the current, the high-speed mechanical switch of the main current circuit is controlled to pull open to generate an electric arc, and meanwhile, the power semiconductor device of the transfer circuit acts according to a certain time sequence to conduct the transfer circuit, so that the breaking reliability can be obviously improved. The main current circuit has no power electronic device and no through current loss, and the transfer circuit does not need auxiliary power sources such as a precharge capacitor and the like, so that the breaking reliability is improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous forms of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A direct current breaker based on mechanical switch arc voltage transfer, the direct current breaker includes main current loop, transfer current branch and power consumption circuit to main current loop, transfer current branch and power consumption circuit are parallelly connected, its characterized in that:
The main current loop is formed by connecting a high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and a high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer in series;
The transfer current branch consists of one or more solid-state switches connected in series, wherein the solid-state switches consist of a first power semiconductor device (A1), a second power semiconductor device (A2), a third power semiconductor device (A3), a fourth power semiconductor device (A4), a fifth power semiconductor device (A5) and a buffer circuit (A6), and the transfer current branch consists of a first power semiconductor device (A1), a second power semiconductor device (A3), a fourth power semiconductor device (A4), a fifth power semiconductor device (A5) and a buffer circuit (A6), wherein:
The first power semiconductor device (A1) is connected in series with the second power semiconductor device (A2), and the third power semiconductor device (A3) is connected in series with the fourth power semiconductor device (A4); -said first power semiconductor device (A1) and said second power semiconductor device (A2) have a first end point therebetween; -said third power semiconductor device (A3) and said fourth power semiconductor device (A4) have a second terminal therebetween; -said first power semiconductor device (A1) and said third power semiconductor device (A3) have a third end point therebetween; -said second power semiconductor device (A2) and said fourth power semiconductor device (A4) have a fourth end point therebetween; said power semiconductor device (A5) being connected between said first and said second terminal, a buffer circuit (A6) being connected between said third and said fourth terminal,
The energy consumption circuit is composed of one or a plurality of MOVs connected in series and parallel, the energy consumption circuit is connected between the third end point and the fourth end point, the buffer circuit is composed of one or a plurality of combinations of a capacitor (C), a resistor (R) or a power semiconductor device (D), when the dielectric insulation between contacts of the high-speed mechanical isolating switch is restored to be enough to withstand the overvoltage of the system, the power semiconductor device (A5) is turned off, and the current is transferred to the buffer circuit (A6).
2. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and/or the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer comprise one or more high-speed mechanical switches connected in series and parallel, the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is in arc breaking or arc-free breaking, and an arc extinguishing chamber medium of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer is air, SF6, N2 or H2.
3. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation and/or the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are high-speed mechanical switches based on electromagnetic repulsion force, mechanical switches based on high-speed motor drive or high-speed mechanical switches based on explosion drive, and the medium of an arc extinguishing chamber of the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is SF6 or vacuum.
4. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: the first power semiconductor device (A1), the second power semiconductor device (A2), the third power semiconductor device (A3) or the fourth power semiconductor device (A4) is a non-controllable or one-way conduction power semiconductor device with a semi-control function or a combination thereof, and the fifth power semiconductor device (A5) is a fully-controlled power electronic device with current turn-off capability.
5. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: a buffer circuit (A6) is connected between the first and second terminals and a power consuming circuit is connected between the first and second terminals.
6. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: the power semiconductor device (D) is an uncontrolled or semi-controlled unidirectional conduction power semiconductor device.
7. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: the buffer circuit comprises a capacitor (C), a resistor (R) and a power semiconductor device (D), wherein the capacitor (C) is connected with the resistor (R) in series, and the power semiconductor device (D) is connected with the resistor (R) in parallel.
8. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: the buffer circuit comprises a capacitor (C) and a resistor (R), wherein the capacitor (C) is connected in series with the resistor (R).
9. The mechanical switching arc voltage transition based direct current circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein: in a normal working state, current flows through the main current loop, a first power semiconductor device (A1), a second power semiconductor device (A2), a third power semiconductor device (A3), a fourth power semiconductor device (A4) and a fifth power semiconductor device (A5) in the solid-state switching circuit are all in an off state, and no current flows through the transfer current branch;
When the system needs to be disconnected, the high-speed mechanical switch in the main current loop performs a switching-off action, and as the mechanical delay exists in the high-speed mechanical switch, when the switching-off action is performed, the contact of the high-speed mechanical switch is still in a closed state; and determining whether the power semiconductor device in the transfer current branch acts and corresponding action time sequence by measuring the current amplitude and the change rate of the main current loop.
10. A method of using a mechanical switching arc voltage transition based dc breaker according to any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
In the first step (S1), when the system is operating normally, all current flows from the main current loop, a short-circuit fault occurs in the system, the current of the main current loop starts to rise, and when the short-circuit threshold value of the system is exceeded, the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer starts to operate first, or the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer operate simultaneously;
In the second step (S2), after arcing between contacts of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer, controlling and conducting a power semiconductor device (A5) in the solid-state switching circuit to be opened, wherein a transfer current branch is conducted, and the current flowing through the main circuit is quickly transferred to the transfer current branch by utilizing the arc voltage of the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transferring a main current loop;
in the third step (S3), when all the main circuit current is transferred to the transfer current branch, the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 for isolation is controlled to be opened, or the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation and the high-speed mechanical switch S2 for transfer are simultaneously opened, and when all the main circuit current is transferred to the transfer current branch, the electric arc between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical switch S1 for isolation is extinguished and a mechanical fracture is formed;
In the fourth step (S4), when the dielectric insulation strength between the contacts of the high-speed mechanical isolating switch S1 is enough to withstand the switching-on and switching-off overvoltage, the power semiconductor device (A5) in the solid-state switching circuit is controlled to be turned off, the current is transferred to the buffer circuit (A6), and when the voltage of the buffer circuit exceeds the conduction threshold voltage of the energy dissipation circuit MOV, the energy dissipation circuit is turned on; the current starts to transfer to the energy consumption circuit;
In the fifth step (S5), all the current is transferred to the energy consumption circuit, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker reaches the highest value at the moment and is an overvoltage peak value at the two ends of the circuit breaker in the opening process; after that, the current in the energy consumption circuit starts to drop, the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker also starts to drop slowly, and when the system current is smaller than the minimum conduction current of the energy consumption circuit; the energy consumption circuit is closed, the voltage at the two ends of the energy consumption circuit is rapidly reduced, the current in the energy consumption circuit is zero, the circuit breaker is opened, and the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker is reduced to the system voltage.
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| CN110176749A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-08-27 | 许继集团有限公司 | Circuit breaker |
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