CN201576629U - Arc suppression circuit for alternating current contactor - Google Patents
Arc suppression circuit for alternating current contactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN201576629U CN201576629U CN2009201905551U CN200920190555U CN201576629U CN 201576629 U CN201576629 U CN 201576629U CN 2009201905551 U CN2009201905551 U CN 2009201905551U CN 200920190555 U CN200920190555 U CN 200920190555U CN 201576629 U CN201576629 U CN 201576629U
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- auxiliary switch
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Abstract
The utility model provides an arc suppression circuit for an alternating current contactor, which achieves the purpose of arc suppression and is used on an alternating current contactor, various relays and switching devices. The arc suppression circuit comprises a main switch K1 and a controllable two-terminal circuit A, and has the key points as follows: the main switch K1 is a mechanical switch; the controllable two-terminal circuit A comprises a first voltage terminal and a second voltage terminal, wherein the first voltage terminal and a first electrode terminal P1 of the main switch share one terminal, and the second voltage terminal and a second electrode terminal P2 of the main switch share one terminal. The utility model better solves the unresolved technical problems of serious lighting and arc discharge phenomenon of the structure of the present like products. The arc suppression circuit has the advantages of no arc discharge, high current capacity, low cost, long service life, small size, convenient installation, use and replacement and wide application range, and is suitable for promotion and popularization use in the field of electric apparatus.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to appliance field, is a kind of arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor and control method thereof that is used to prevent the arcing when closed or disconnection of A.C. contactor, all kinds of relay and device for switching.
Background technology
A.C. contactor, all kinds of relay and device for switching tend to produce the arcing phenomenon when closed or disconnection, not only badly damaged its switch contact also can cause all accident potential to power circuit; In order to eliminate the arcing phenomenon of device for switching, mainly contain following several method that overcomes arcing in the prior art:
(1) adopt vacuum interrupter or SF6 arc-control device to eliminate electric arc, especially in the high-voltage great-current field, though this arc-control device has overcome the arcing phenomenon, can reach arc quenching effect preferably, but itself complex structure, manufacturing cost is higher, maintenance difficult, be restricted useful life, is unfavorable for generally promoting the use of.
(2) adopt solid-state relay to replace common relay and eliminate electric arc, especially in automation control area, though this arc-control device has also overcome the arcing phenomenon, can reach arc quenching effect preferably, but there is complex structure equally in itself, and manufacturing cost is higher, maintenance difficult, and the defective that exists easy heating, useful life and ampacity to be restricted also is unfavorable for generally promoting the use of.
(3) method that also has a kind of effect to eliminate electric arc preferably at present is exactly major-minor switch arc suppression circuit for switch devices, its way is at the electrode two ends of device for switching main switch auxiliary circuit in parallel, and make auxiliary circuit and main switch when closed or disconnection, form certain logical relation and reach the extinguishing arc effect, though this arc extinguishing method can effectively overcome the arcing phenomenon, reach arc quenching effect preferably, but its auxiliary circuit is controlled three terminal circuits, when the operating circuit of device for switching is an alternating current circuit, and when load is inductive load, there are surge current and the less-than-ideal problem of conducting waveform, so still have high electrical resistance and the higher pressure drop problem of local period, this will be logical to main switch, cause the arcing phenomenon on the local degree when disconnected.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor to this area, and it is not good enough to make it solve existing like product arc quenching effect, complex structure, cost technical problems of high.Its objective is and be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor comprises main switch K1 and controlled two terminal circuit A; It is characterized in that:
Described main switch K1 is a mechanical switch, includes the first electrode tip P1 and the second electrode tip P2, is parallel with controlled two terminal circuit A between the first electrode tip P1 and the second electrode tip P2; Described controlled two terminal circuit A comprise first voltage end and second voltage end, and its first voltage end and the described main switch first electrode tip P1 hold altogether, and second voltage end and the described main switch second electrode tip P2 hold altogether.
Preferred as first, as Fig. 2, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor comprises main switch K1 and controlled two terminal circuit A; Described main switch K1 is made of the main switch moving contact in known A.C. contactor or the relay 29 and main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch; Its main points are:
Described controlled two terminal circuit A comprise auxiliary switch matrix 1, auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch K2 and auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, constitute the full seal type module; Wherein auxiliary switch K2 is made of auxiliary switch moving contact 5, auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch;
Its design feature is: in auxiliary switch matrix 1 inside of interior sky, be provided with auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, auxiliary switch moving contact 5, auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch, main switch moving contact slide block 10, main switch moving contact 9, main switch left side fixed contact 12 and the right fixed contact 13 of main switch from top to bottom; Wherein auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 and auxiliary switch moving contact 5 place in the middle of the auxiliary switch matrix 1, both sides have hollow cylinder symmetrical guide groove, an end opening; 4 one tops that are butted on hollow cylinder of auxiliary switch spring, the other end is butted on the top of auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, the top of auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 is imbedded at the middle part of auxiliary switch moving contact 5, become the injection moulding composite members, and two side guidances are passed at its two respectively, along two side guidance easy on and off activities, the bottom of auxiliary switch matrix 1 and the top of relay 2 are passed in the bottom of auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, are butted on the top of main switch moving contact slide block 10 mutually; Auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch place auxiliary switch matrix 1 inner bottom part relevant position respectively; The stroke distances (that is: the stroke distances between auxiliary switch moving contact 5 and auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch) of described mechanical type auxiliary switch K2 and creepage distance (that is: the creepage distance between main switch moving contact 9 and main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of the main switch) sum of described main switch K1 wherein are set especially, less than the stroke distances (that is: the stroke distances between main switch moving contact 9 and main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch) of described main switch K1;
Main switch moving contact 9 in A.C. contactor or the relay 2, main switch moving contact slide block 10 and movable electro-magnet are combine movable whole, are butted on the back-moving spring below it; In addition, main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch place A.C. contactor or relevant position, relay 2 middle and lower part respectively;
Combine by attachment screw 3 between described auxiliary switch K2 and the main switch K1 (being described known A.C. contactor or relay 2); Electrical connection between main switch K1, the controlled two terminal circuit A is pressed connection shown in Figure 2 by lead (or conducting strip).
As second preferred, as Fig. 3, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor comprises main switch K1 and controlled two terminal circuit A; Described main switch K1 is made of the main switch moving contact in A.C. contactor or the relay 29 and main switch left side fixed contact 1, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch; It is characterized in that:
Described controlled two terminal circuit A comprise auxiliary switch K2, miniature relay J (the main switch JK that comprises miniature relay J), stabilized voltage power supply voltage end Vcc and stabilized voltage power supply earth terminal GND; Wherein said auxiliary switch K2 is made of auxiliary switch matrix 1, auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch moving contact 5, auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch and auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, described miniature relay J is known general full seal type or vacuum type miniature relay, and the line bag trigger voltage of stabilized voltage power supply voltage end Vcc and miniature relay J is complementary.
As the 3rd preferred, as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor comprises main switch K1 and controlled two terminal circuit A; Described main switch K1 is made of the main switch moving contact in known A.C. contactor or the relay 29 and main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch; It is characterized in that:
Described controlled two terminal circuit A comprise auxiliary switch K2, current-limiting resistance R1, current-limiting resistance R2, bidirectional triode thyristor SCR1, bidirectional triode thyristor SCR2, wherein said auxiliary switch K2 is made of auxiliary switch matrix 1, auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch moving contact 5, auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch and auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, and described current-limiting resistance R1, current-limiting resistance R2, bidirectional triode thyristor SCR1, bidirectional triode thyristor SCR2 constitute the reverse parallel connection circuits for triggering.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present utility model is:
(1) owing to main switch K1 at described device for switching, adopted structure and the control method that meets above-mentioned logical relation between controlled three terminal circuit A and the control circuit C, so as long as in control circuit C, triggering signal lead Δ t rationally is set by above-mentioned logical relation, just can fully destroy main switch K1 logical, arcing condition in the disconnected process, make main switch K1 logical, do not adopt additional arc-control device in the disconnected process, just can reach the ideal effect of eliminating the arcing phenomenon, greatly simplify the structure, dwindled volume, reduced manufacturing cost, enlarged the scope of application, helped popularizing;
(2) because described device for switching main switch K1 is a mechanical switch, and it has eliminated the arcing phenomenon in the switching process, so can in manufacture process, the some contact that it is original change into face contact or line contact, so just can be under the situation that does not increase volume, increase the cross-sectional area that electrically contacts of device for switching as much as possible, to increase its ampacity, realize the effect of " P cock, big capacity ";
(3) owing to adopted full seal type or vacuum type miniature relay and complementary type bidirectional triode thyristor extinguishing arc module among the described controlled two terminal circuit A, its conducting waveform or be linear, or complementarity is stronger, so can not produce the arcing phenomenon can fully guarantee main switch K1 switching the time; Owing to adopted full seal type or vacuum type miniature relay and complementary type bidirectional triode thyristor extinguishing arc module among the described controlled two terminal circuit A, itself no arc or the nothing arc that leaks, and change make things convenient for, simple and practical, cost is lower, so help popularizing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic circuit theory diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model embodiment 3;
Fig. 5 is the mechanical construction drawing when device for switching is in off-state described in the utility model embodiment 1,2,3;
Fig. 6 is the mechanical construction drawing when device for switching is in closure state described in the utility model embodiment 1,2,3.
The code name of components and parts and title in the above accompanying drawing:
K1, main switch, K2, auxiliary switch, P1, first electrode tip, P2, second electrode tip, A, controlled two terminal circuits, J, miniature relay, JK, the miniature relay main switch, Vcc, the stabilized voltage power supply voltage end, GND, the stabilized voltage power supply earth terminal, R1, current-limiting resistance, R2, current-limiting resistance, SCR1, bidirectional triode thyristor, SCR2, bidirectional triode thyristor, 1, the auxiliary switch matrix, 2, A.C. contactor or relay, 3, attachment screw, 4, the auxiliary switch spring, 5, the auxiliary switch moving contact, 6, auxiliary switch circuit through wires hole, 7, auxiliary switch left side fixed contact, 8, the right fixed contact of auxiliary switch, 9, the main switch moving contact, 10, main switch moving contact slide block, 11, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block, 12, main switch left side fixed contact, 13, the right fixed contact of main switch.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is a basic circuit theory diagram of the present utility model, and this arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor is applicable to alternating current circuit and DC circuit simultaneously, comprises the device for switching main switch K1 that is connected in the operating circuit, and it has the first electrode tip P1 and the second electrode tip P2; Between the first electrode tip P1 of described main switch K1 and the second electrode tip P2, be parallel with controlled two terminal circuit A;
Described controlled two terminal circuit A comprise first voltage end and second voltage end, and wherein first voltage end and the described main switch first electrode tip P1 hold altogether, and second voltage end and the described main switch second electrode tip P2 hold altogether;
There is following logic control relation between described main switch K1 and the described controlled two terminal circuit A:
When device for switching is in turn on process, described controlled two at first conductings of terminal circuit A behind time of delay Δ t, make described main switch K1 closure, wherein, Δ t is greater than the arcing time (being the time of crossing creepage distance in the described main switch K1 closing course) of described main switch K1;
When device for switching is in the disconnection process, described main switch K1 must at first disconnect, and behind time of delay Δ t, makes described controlled two terminal circuit A disconnect, wherein, Δ t is greater than the arcing time (being the time of crossing creepage distance in the described main switch K1 disconnection process) of described main switch K1;
During practical application, as long as between main switch K1 and controlled two terminal circuit A, lead Δ t (lead Δ t promptly rationally is set) rationally is set between K1 and K2 by above-mentioned logical relation, destroyed the arc condition of main switch K1 in the switching process, make main switch K1 in the switching process, not adopt additional arc-control device, just can reach the ideal effect of eliminating sparking, arcing phenomenon; Owing to adopted full seal type or vacuum type miniature relay and complementary type bidirectional triode thyristor extinguishing arc module among the described controlled two terminal circuit A, its conducting waveform or be linear, or complementarity is stronger, so can not produce the arcing phenomenon can fully guarantee main switch K1 switching the time; Owing to adopted full seal type or vacuum type miniature relay module and complementary type bidirectional triode thyristor extinguishing arc module among the described controlled two terminal circuit A, itself no arc or the nothing arc that leaks, and change make things convenient for, simple and practical, cost is lower, so help popularizing.
Its design feature is: in auxiliary switch matrix 1 inside of interior sky, be provided with auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, auxiliary switch moving contact 5, auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch, main switch moving contact slide block 10, main switch moving contact 9, main switch left side fixed contact 12 and the right fixed contact 13 of main switch from top to bottom; Wherein auxiliary switch spring 4, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 and auxiliary switch moving contact 5 place in the middle of the auxiliary switch matrix 1, both sides have hollow cylinder symmetrical guide groove, an end opening; 4 one tops that are butted on hollow cylinder of auxiliary switch spring, the other end is butted on the top of auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, the top of auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 is imbedded at the middle part of auxiliary switch moving contact 5, become the injection moulding composite members, and two side guidances are passed at its two respectively, can be along two side guidance easy on and off activities, the bottom of auxiliary switch matrix 1 and the top of A.C. contactor or relay 2 are passed in the bottom of auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11, are butted on the top of main switch moving contact slide block 10 wherein; Auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch place relevant position, auxiliary switch matrix 1 bottom respectively; The stroke distances (that is: the stroke distances between auxiliary switch moving contact 5 and auxiliary switch left side fixed contact 7, the right fixed contact 8 of auxiliary switch) of described mechanical type auxiliary switch K2 and creepage distance (that is: the creepage distance between main switch moving contact 9 and main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of the main switch) sum of described main switch K1 wherein are set especially, less than the stroke distances (that is: the stroke distances between main switch moving contact 9 and main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch) of described main switch K1;
Main switch moving contact 9 in known A.C. contactor or the relay 2, main switch moving contact slide block 10 and movable electro-magnet are combine movable whole, are butted on the known back-moving spring below it; In addition, main switch left side fixed contact 12, the right fixed contact 13 of main switch place A.C. contactor or relevant position, relay 2 middle and lower part respectively;
Between described auxiliary switch K2 and the main switch K1 (being described known A.C. contactor or relay 2) by attachment screw 3 combine (or combine by known inserting mode); Wherein the electrical connection between main switch K1, the controlled two terminal circuit A is pressed connection shown in Figure 2 by lead (or conducting strip).
Operation principle:
In described device for switching cut-in operation circuit;
The device for switching closing course:
As shown in Figure 5, device for switching is in the initial condition when disconnecting; By described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor control method, make the line bag energising of A.C. contactor or relay 2, electromagnetic actuation, movable electro-magnet in A.C. contactor or the relay 2 moves downward, fixedly slide block 10 and main switch moving contact 9 move downward simultaneously to drive the main switch moving contact, simultaneously, under 4 effects of auxiliary switch spring, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 and auxiliary switch moving contact 5 also move downward simultaneously, because its stroke distances is shorter, instantaneous after, described auxiliary switch K2 at first under whole sealing status contact closed, this moment, the first electrode tip P1 and the voltage between the second electrode tip P2 of device for switching were approximately zero (short-circuit condition), destroyed the arcing condition of main switch K1, through after the described Timing Advance Δ t, described main switch K1 contacts closed under no arcuation attitude, the device for switching closure, the operating circuit conducting;
Device for switching disconnects process:
Initial condition when as shown in Figure 6, device for switching is in closure; By described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor control method, make the line bag outage of A.C. contactor or relay 2, electromagnet unclamps, under known action of reset spring, promote movable electro-magnet, main switch moving contact slide block 10 and main switch moving contact 9 assemblys and move upward, main switch K1 disconnects, because the stroke distances of described auxiliary switch K2 is shorter, still be in closure state this moment, so there is not arc during its disconnection; Through after the described Timing Advance Δ t, main switch K1 disengages to creepage distance with external position, and described auxiliary switch K2 also throws off under whole sealing status, and device for switching disconnects, the operating circuit outage; Auxiliary switch spring 4 still is in confined state at this moment, and device for switching returns to the initial condition when disconnecting.
Operation principle:
In described device for switching cut-in operation circuit;
The device for switching closing course:
As shown in Figure 5, device for switching is in the initial condition when disconnecting; By described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor control method, make the line bag energising of A.C. contactor or relay 2, electromagnetic actuation, movable electro-magnet in A.C. contactor or the relay 2 moves downward, fixedly slide block 10 and main switch moving contact 9 move downward simultaneously to drive the main switch moving contact, simultaneously, under 4 effects of auxiliary switch spring, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 and auxiliary switch moving contact 5 also move downward simultaneously, because its stroke distances is shorter, after instantaneous, described auxiliary switch K2 is contact closure under whole sealing status at first, the instant described controlled two terminal circuit A of conducting, this moment, the first electrode tip P1 and the voltage between the second electrode tip P2 of device for switching were approximately zero (short-circuit condition), had destroyed the arcing condition of main switch K1, through after the described Timing Advance Δ t, described main switch K1 contacts closed under no arcuation attitude, device for switching closure, operating circuit conducting;
Device for switching disconnects process:
Initial condition when as shown in Figure 6, device for switching is in closure; By described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor control method, make the line bag outage of A.C. contactor or relay 2, electromagnet unclamps, under known action of reset spring, promote movable electro-magnet, main switch moving contact slide block 10 and main switch moving contact 9 assemblys and move upward, main switch K1 disconnects, because the stroke distances of described auxiliary switch K2 is shorter, still be in closure state this moment, and described controlled two terminal circuit A still are in conducting state, so its disconnection the time does not have arc; Through after the described Timing Advance Δ t, main switch K1 disengages to creepage distance with external position, and described auxiliary switch K2 also throws off under whole sealing status, described controlled two terminal circuit A outage, and device for switching disconnects, the operating circuit outage; Auxiliary switch spring 4 still is in confined state at this moment, and device for switching returns to the initial condition when disconnecting.
Operation principle:
In described device for switching cut-in operation circuit;
The device for switching closing course:
As shown in Figure 5, device for switching is in the initial condition when disconnecting; By described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor control method, make the line bag energising of A.C. contactor or relay 2, electromagnetic actuation, movable electro-magnet in A.C. contactor or the relay 2 moves downward, fixedly slide block 10 and main switch moving contact 9 move downward simultaneously to drive the main switch moving contact, simultaneously, under 4 effects of auxiliary switch spring, auxiliary switch moving contact slide block 11 and auxiliary switch moving contact 5 also move downward simultaneously, because its stroke distances is shorter, after instantaneous, at first contact closed (because trigger current wherein is fainter, approximate no arc) under whole sealing status of described auxiliary switch K2, the instant described controlled two terminal circuit A of conducting, this moment, the first electrode tip P1 and the voltage between the second electrode tip P2 of device for switching were approximately zero (tube voltage drop of ignoring bidirectional triode thyristor SCR1 and SCR2), destroyed the arcing condition of main switch K1, through after the described Timing Advance Δ t, described main switch K1 contacts closed under no arcuation attitude, the device for switching closure, the operating circuit conducting;
Device for switching disconnects process:
Initial condition when as shown in Figure 6, device for switching is in closure; By described arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor control method, make the line bag outage of A.C. contactor or relay 2, electromagnet unclamps, under known action of reset spring, promote movable electro-magnet, main switch moving contact slide block 10 and main switch moving contact 9 assemblys and move upward, main switch K1 disconnects, because the stroke distances of described auxiliary switch K2 is shorter, still be in closure state this moment, and described controlled two terminal circuit A still are in conducting state, so its disconnection the time does not have arc; Through after the described Timing Advance Δ t, main switch K1 disengages to creepage distance with external position, and described auxiliary switch K2 also throws off under whole sealing status (because trigger current wherein is fainter, approximate no arc), described controlled two terminal circuit A outage, device for switching disconnects, the operating circuit outage; Auxiliary switch spring 4 still is in confined state at this moment, and device for switching returns to the initial condition when disconnecting.
Claims (1)
1. an arc-suppression circuit of alternating-current contactor comprises main switch K1 and controlled two terminal circuit A; It is characterized in that described main switch K1 is a mechanical switch, include the first electrode tip P1 and the second electrode tip P2, controlled two terminal circuit A in parallel between the first electrode tip P1 and the second electrode tip P2; Described controlled two terminal circuit A comprise first voltage end and second voltage end, and first voltage end and the described main switch first electrode tip P1 hold altogether, and second voltage end and the described main switch second electrode tip P2 hold altogether.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201905551U CN201576629U (en) | 2009-08-01 | 2009-08-01 | Arc suppression circuit for alternating current contactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201905551U CN201576629U (en) | 2009-08-01 | 2009-08-01 | Arc suppression circuit for alternating current contactor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN201576629U true CN201576629U (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2009201905551U Expired - Fee Related CN201576629U (en) | 2009-08-01 | 2009-08-01 | Arc suppression circuit for alternating current contactor |
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| CN (1) | CN201576629U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018086366A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 仲大卫 | Arcless breaking device of contactor, contactor, and arcless breaking method |
-
2009
- 2009-08-01 CN CN2009201905551U patent/CN201576629U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018086366A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 仲大卫 | Arcless breaking device of contactor, contactor, and arcless breaking method |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100908 Termination date: 20120801 |