CN112167447A - 一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂及其制备方法，包括重量份数的组分小麦450～520份、豆粕70～110份、菜粕40～80份、啤酒糟0～50份、碳酸氢钠5～7份、谷氨酸钠3～5份、预混料12份。本申请设计的家畜抗应激预混料，以简要易得成本低廉的物质作为原料进行混合制备，通过合理的配伍以及配比，从抗应激以及应激引起的各个生理反应方面进行选取，有效提升家畜的抗应激性能以及应激后的修复功能，该添加剂设计巧妙，配制简便，成本低廉，且作为一种饲料添加剂添加到日常粮中，使用方便，无外界环境限制，适于大规模推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜牧养殖技术领域，特别涉及一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
家畜是人类赖以生存的重要食品之源，其产品的卫生、安全，都直接关系到人类的健康。随着现代的科技发展，畜禽保健和食品卫生安全意识的不断增强，而在家畜的培育过程中，由于家畜本身的生命活动或生存环境的改变以及外界环境的刺激，常常导致家畜具有应激反应，应激后直接影响家畜的内分泌进而影响其正常的进食采食，更严重的会直接诱发应激性疾病，影响家畜的健康。
针对家畜应激现有技术中多为应激反应发生后进行治疗，而治疗本身是针对应激后体现在家畜本体上的病态进行治疗，也就是说针对不同的症状使用不同的药物进行治疗，如果出现多种应激疾病，则需要大量的药物进行治疗。然而现有技术中针对家畜的治疗药物含有大量的抗生素，其不仅仅能够使家畜产生抗药性，影响后续的治疗，而且抗生素在家畜体内蓄积后通过食物链进入人体，还会严重影响人类的健康。
因此，如何提供一种饲料添加剂来使家畜有效的抗应激反应保持健康，同时还不影响家畜品质，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂及其制备方法，有效预防和治疗家畜应激反应带来的各种症状。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦450～520份、豆粕70～110份、菜粕40～80份、啤酒糟0～50份、碳酸氢钠5～7份、谷氨酸钠3～5份、预混料12份。
进一步的，所述预混料按重量份数组成如下：
赖氨酸0.5份、色氨酸0.5份、胆碱0.5份、蛋氨酸0.5份、矿物元素1份、甜菜碱1份、维生素E0.15份、芽孢杆菌制剂0.1份、维生素C0.05份、γ-氨基丁酸0.2份、小麦专用酶0.2份、载体1.1份。
进一步的，所述矿物元素由亚硒酸钠和硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、碘酸钙中的一种或多种任意比例混合组成。
进一步的，所述载体为米糠。
上述技术方案的有益效果是：通过使用小麦和小麦专用酶制剂，平衡氨基酸组成，满足家畜需要；豆粕、菜粕为植物蛋白饲料，含有较高的粗蛋白质，并且豆粕的氨基酸比例适宜；啤酒糟是大麦加工啤酒的副产物，富含酵母等有益菌，可促进消化吸收；碳酸氢钠可以维持家畜体内酸碱平衡，并能放出二氧化碳，通过呼吸带走家畜体内的热量，缓解应激症状，增加食欲，调节离子平衡；谷氨酸钠使饲料的适口性显著增加，提高采食量，以弥补应激造成的采食量降低，满足日常需求；
预混料中特别添加了甜菜碱，可以提高生物细胞抗高温、高盐和高渗透环境的耐受力，稳定酶活性即生物大分子功能的功效，且能调节胃肠道上皮细胞的渗透压，防止水分损失，维持肠道的离子平衡，减少维持的能量需要，降低应激；VC、VE可以去除自由基、抗氧化，减少脂质过氧化物对机体的损伤，改善血液循环，维持一个良好的状态，同时维生素E、维生素C提高机体的免疫力；且维生素E、维生素C、γ-氨基丁酸、甜菜碱通过抗氧化、机体代谢、内分泌等途径起到抗应激的作用，芽孢杆菌能够调节微生态区系，有利于营养物质的消化吸收和提高抗病及抗应激能力；矿物元素的添加可防止体内微量元素流失，影响正常生命功能。
本发明的技术方案还提供了一种如上技术方案所述的家畜抗应激饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：预混料的制备
(1.1)按份数比例和需求称取矿物元素并混合均匀；
(1.2)按份数称取赖氨酸、色氨酸、胆碱、蛋氨酸、矿物元素、甜菜碱、维生素E、芽孢杆菌制剂、维生素C、γ-氨基丁酸、小麦专用酶、载体并混合均匀；
步骤二：添加剂的制备
(2.1)按份数比例称取小麦、豆粕、菜粕、啤酒糟、碳酸氢钠、谷氨酸钠和预混料混合均匀即得混合物；
(2.2)将步骤(2.1)中的混合物挤压造粒即得家畜抗应激饲料添加剂。
优选的，所述步骤(2.2)中的造粒粒径为0.2-0.5mm。
本发明所提供的家畜抗应激饲料添加剂的应用为与常规家畜饲料混合均匀使用，且每日饲喂量为100-200g。
经由上述技术方案，与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
本申请设计的家畜抗应激预混料，以简要易得成本低廉的物质作为原料进行混合制备，通过合理的配伍以及配比，从抗应激以及应激引起的各个生理反应方面进行选取，有效提升家畜的抗应激性能以及应激后的修复功能，该添加剂设计巧妙，配制简便，成本低廉，且作为一种饲料添加剂添加到日常粮中，使用方便，无外界环境限制，适于大规模推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
首先按照重量份数比例称取预混料原料并混合均匀制备匀混料，即：
赖氨酸0.5份、色氨酸0.5份、胆碱0.5份、蛋氨酸0.5份、矿物元素1份、甜菜碱1份、维生素E0.15份、芽孢杆菌制剂0.1份、维生素C0.05份、γ-氨基丁酸0.2份、小麦专用酶0.2份、米糠1.1份。
实施例1
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦450份、豆粕110份、菜粕40份、碳酸氢钠5份、谷氨酸钠3份、预混料12份；预混料中矿物元素为亚硒酸钠。
实施例2
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦470份、豆粕100份、菜粕50份、碳酸氢钠6份、谷氨酸钠4份、预混料12份；预混料中矿物元素为亚硒酸钠和硫酸铜的混合物。
实施例3
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦490份、豆粕90份、菜粕60份、碳酸氢钠6份、谷氨酸钠4份、预混料12份；预混料中矿物元素为亚硒酸钠和硫酸铜以及硫酸亚铁的混合物。
实施例4
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦510份、豆粕80份、菜粕70份、碳酸氢钠7份、谷氨酸钠6份、预混料12份；预混料中矿物元素为亚硒酸钠、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁和硫酸锰的混合物。
实施例5
一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦520份、豆粕70份、菜粕80份、碳酸氢钠7份、谷氨酸钠6份、预混料12份；预混料中矿物元素为亚硒酸钠、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌和碘酸钙的混合物。
试验例：
以上述实施例1-5的组合物进行试验，并设置对照组，具体过程及结果如下：
试验设计
将770头奶牛分为7个组，编号为1-7，其中1-5依次添加实施例1-5的5个配方的组合物，6不添加组合物，7添加市售抗应激药物；
每头牛按照正常采食量饲喂，1-5和7每头每日添加量为150g，按正常饲养饲喂，自由采食，情况如下表所示：
| 组别 | 对应实施例 | 头数/头 | 饲喂周期/天 | 应激率/％ |
| 1 | 实施例1 | 110 | 30 | 4.88 |
| 2 | 实施例2 | 110 | 30 | 6.93 |
| 3 | 实施例3 | 110 | 30 | 3.65 |
| 4 | 实施例4 | 110 | 30 | 6.37 |
| 5 | 实施例5 | 110 | 30 | 5.32 |
| 6 | 空白例 | 110 | 30 | 30.93 |
| 7 | 对比例 | 110 | 30 | 18.16 |
上述测试结果表明，采用本发明提供的组合物针对奶牛抗应激的效果高于对比例，且相较于空白组具有绝佳的效果。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的组分：
小麦450～520份、豆粕70～110份、菜粕40～80份、啤酒糟0～50份、碳酸氢钠5～7份、谷氨酸钠3～5份、预混料12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述预混料按重量份数组成如下：
赖氨酸0.5份、色氨酸0.5份、胆碱0.5份、蛋氨酸0.5份、矿物元素1份、甜菜碱1份、维生素E0.15份、芽孢杆菌制剂0.1份、维生素C0.05份、γ-氨基丁酸0.2份、小麦专用酶0.2份、载体1.1份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述矿物元素由亚硒酸钠和硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、碘酸钙中的一种或多种任意比例混合组成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述载体为米糠。
5.一种权利要求1-4所述的家畜抗应激饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：预混料的制备
(1.1)按份数比例和需求称取矿物元素并混合均匀；
(1.2)按份数称取赖氨酸、色氨酸、胆碱、蛋氨酸、矿物元素、甜菜碱、维生素E、芽孢杆菌制剂、维生素C、γ-氨基丁酸、小麦专用酶、载体并混合均匀；
步骤二：添加剂的制备
(2.1)按份数比例称取小麦、豆粕、菜粕、啤酒糟、碳酸氢钠、谷氨酸钠和预混料混合均匀即得混合物；
(2.2)将步骤(2.1)中的混合物挤压造粒即得家畜抗应激饲料添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种家畜抗应激饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2.2)中的造粒粒径为0.2-0.5mm。
7.一种权利要求1-6所述的家畜抗应激饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于，与常规家畜饲料混合均匀使用，且每日饲喂量为100-200g。
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