CN112159273A - Polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents

Polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN112159273A
CN112159273A CN202011034208.7A CN202011034208A CN112159273A CN 112159273 A CN112159273 A CN 112159273A CN 202011034208 A CN202011034208 A CN 202011034208A CN 112159273 A CN112159273 A CN 112159273A
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polypeptide
edible gelatin
foliar fertilizer
gelatin
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强涛涛
刘国强
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, and a preparation method and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of efficient foliar fertilizers. The method comprises the steps of enabling concentrated sulfuric acid and gelatin protein of edible gelatin to react with each other, enabling the spatial structure of the gelatin protein to be damaged and degraded into polypeptide by the concentrated sulfuric acid, and taking the amino nitrogen content in the polypeptide liquid as an index to prepare the polypeptide liquid which is high in amino nitrogen content and is beneficial to trace element chelation and suitable for being used as a foliar fertilizer. The polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11 percent of edible gelatin, 8 to 14 percent of concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.5 to 3 percent of surfactant, 23 to 29 percent of sodium hydroxide and 50 to 56 percent of water. The polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin has the advantages of small molecular weight, easy absorption, environmental protection, no public hazard, good stability and the like. The synthesis process is simple and easy to operate, the prepared polypeptide liquid has high amino nitrogen content, and is convenient to chelate with trace elements to prepare trace element chelated foliar fertilizer, thereby being beneficial to promoting the development of diversification of the foliar fertilizer.

Description

Polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, and preparation method and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency leaf fertilizers, and relates to a polypeptide leaf fertilizer based on edible gelatin, and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
Gelatin is a partially hydrolyzed product of collagen, and its molecular weight distribution varies depending on the process conditions. The raw materials of the gelatin are from leftover materials of animal skins, bones and tendons, belong to natural biomass materials, are light yellow to yellow particles in appearance, and have the physical characteristics of high viscosity, high freezing power, easiness in freezing and the like. Commercially available gelatin products are industrial gelatin and edible gelatin. The industrial gelatin is a rough processed product of tanning waste, contains various heavy metals which are toxic to human bodies, such as chromium, manganese, aluminum and the like, and is not suitable for manufacturing fertilizers or foods. The edible gelatin raw material is strictly forbidden to use tanning waste, is suitable for manufacturing fertilizers or foods, and is widely applied to manufacturing amino acid foliar fertilizers, jelly, yoghourt and the like.
The polypeptide is obtained by degrading edible gelatin, is rich in a large amount of organic nitrogen and more than 18 amino acids, contains mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, selenium and the like, can be biodegraded, and is an excellent composite nitrogen fertilizer substitute material. The polypeptide has excellent performance in all aspects and wide application, but the reports of the application in the agricultural field are few.
The development of modern agriculture does not leave the innovation of the related technology of fertilizers. However, with the huge demand on the fertilizer, the unreasonable and unscientific use of the fertilizer causes the loss of a large amount of fertilizer nutrition, which not only causes huge economic loss, but also more seriously harms the natural ecosystem and human health. The foliar fertilizer is used as a new fertilizer, so that the loss of fertilizer nutrition can be avoided, and the foliar fertilizer can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants through the pores and the air holes of the plant leaves. Not only has high absorption and utilization rate, but also is simple to use and easy to operate. The growth of plants can be promoted by scientifically adding trace elements, the resistance of the plants is improved, and the phenomenon of element deficiency caused by insufficient trace elements, such as iron chlorosis, lobular disease and the like, is avoided.
Therefore, the important problems to be solved in the fertilizer manufacturing process and application are needed to be solved aiming at improving the chelating capacity of the fertilizer to small molecular nutrient substances and avoiding the generation of toxic substances caused by browning of the fertilizer in the existing application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin, and the preparation method and the use method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses an edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11 percent of edible gelatin, 8 to 14 percent of concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.5 to 3 percent of surfactant, 23 to 29 percent of sodium hydroxide and 50 to 56 percent of water.
Preferably, the sodium hydroxide is a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 30%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98.3%.
Preferably, the surfactant is tween-80.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding edible gelatin into water, heating and stirring after the edible gelatin absorbs water and expands to obtain uniform edible gelatin solution;
2) dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the obtained edible gelatin solution to perform protein degradation reaction, and cooling after the reaction is stopped to obtain a reaction solution containing polypeptide;
3) firstly, adjusting the pH value of the obtained reaction liquid containing the polypeptide to 6-7 by using sodium hydroxide to obtain a mixed liquid, then adding a surfactant into the mixed liquid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
Preferably, in the step 1), the feeding mass ratio of the edible gelatin to the water is 1: 3-1: 7; in the step 2), the feeding mass ratio of the edible gelatin to the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1: 0.75-1: 1.5; in the step 3), the addition amount of the surfactant is 0.5-3% of the mass of the mixed solution.
Preferably, in the step 1), the heating temperature is 65-75 ℃; in the step 1), the heating and stirring specifically comprises the following operations: the stirring speed is 120r/min, and the stirring time is 3-5 min.
Preferably, in the step 2), the reaction temperature for protein degradation is 65-75 ℃, and the reaction time is 5-8 h.
The invention also discloses a use method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin is diluted to 4-6% of the mass fraction concentration according to the actual need by water, and a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin is obtained;
and spraying the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on the edible gelatin on the leaf surfaces of crops, wherein the spraying frequency is 2-4 times per month, and if the solution is in rainy days, the solution needs to be sprayed again after sunny days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which has high amino nitrogen content and no use stability of harmful browning substances. Meanwhile, in the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin, the edible gelatin is selected as a raw material instead of industrial gelatin, so that the introduction of pollutants such as heavy metal chromium, manganese and the like into the crop growth environment is avoided, and the polypeptide foliar fertilizer is environment-friendly. Relevant experiments prove that the amino nitrogen content of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin disclosed by the invention can reach 125.49mg/mL to the maximum. In addition, the surface tension of water drops can be reduced by adopting the surfactant, the adhesion is improved, and the fertilizer is favorable for the adhesion and adsorption of the fertilizer and the leaves. The pH value of the obtained fertilizer system can be adjusted to a condition capable of being matched with soil by adopting sodium hydroxide. Therefore, the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin disclosed by the invention has the advantages of stability, no browning and high amino nitrogen content. The foliar fertilizer is beneficial to the mass industrial production of producers.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin. Different from the traditional enzyme method preparation, the invention firstly degrades the glutin by concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain polypeptide, then utilizes sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of the system, and then adds a surfactant to improve the stability of the mixed system and simultaneously reduce the surface tension of water drops after the system is sprayed. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, the used raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the biomass material is adopted, so that the preparation method is easy for environmental degradation, environment-friendly and pollution-free. The preparation method has the advantages that the protein is subjected to degradation reaction by using sulfuric acid, so that the cost can be reduced, the raw material preparation and the reaction time can be saved, meanwhile, the optimal reaction conditions are optimized through a single-factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment, the preparation conditions of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer which is high in amino nitrogen content and suitable for chelating trace elements are explored, and the generation of browning toxic substances can be avoided. In addition, the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin prepared by the method has small molecular weight, is easy to be absorbed by plants, is safe and stable, and is beneficial to promoting the development of the biomass raw material foliar fertilizer. The error is reduced by orthogonal experiment because the error of the single-factor experiment is too large, and the importance ranking of the influencing factors can be provided for manufacturers, thereby being beneficial to the mass industrial production of the manufacturers.
The invention also discloses a use method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin. The obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin can be simply and conveniently applied to agricultural operation by diluting and spraying.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the liquid molecular weight fraction of a polypeptide of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of a polypeptide of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparative graph of the stability experiment of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer prepared in example 6 of the present invention after being left for 30 days; wherein, the (A) is the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin prepared by the invention, the left is the optimized product polypeptide liquid, the right is the polypeptide liquid prepared at 100 ℃, and the (B) is the solution state of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin after 30 days.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides an edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5 to 11 percent of edible gelatin, 8 to 14 percent of concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.5 to 3 percent of surfactant, 23 to 29 percent of sodium hydroxide and 50 to 56 percent of water.
The invention provides a preparation method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, wherein the edible gelatin and distilled water are respectively placed in a three-neck flask, and the edible gelatin expands due to water absorption. Placing the three-neck flask in an oil bath pan at 50-80 ℃, stirring at a low speed of 120r/min for 3-5 min, and mixing uniformly to obtain an edible gelatin aqueous solution; after uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid into an edible gelatin aqueous solution, covering a cover, increasing the stirring speed to 300r/min, reacting for 5-8 h, cooling to room temperature (25-28 ℃) under natural conditions after the reaction is finished, and thus obtaining a reaction solution; adding a surfactant Tween-80 into the obtained reaction liquid, then neutralizing the reaction liquid by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 6-7 to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin.
Wherein the mass ratio of the edible gelatin to the distilled water is 1: 3-1: 7, the mass ratio of the edible gelatin to the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1: 0.75-1: 1.5, and the addition amount of the surfactant is 0.5-3% of the mass of the mixed solution.
The existing polypeptide preparation processes are generally divided into three major categories, namely acid methods, alkaline methods and enzymatic methods. Most of the current polypeptide products are applied to the health care and beauty industry, and the research on preparing the polypeptide by using an enzyme method is more. The disadvantages of the enzyme method are obvious, such as long production time, low preparation efficiency, high difficulty in enzyme inactivation and purification after reaction, high preparation cost and the like. In addition, the degree of salinization of soil is increased by the alkalinity of fertilizers prepared by the alkaline method. The invention avoids the defects of the preparation method, and adopts sulfuric acid to carry out degradation reaction on protein so as to obtain polypeptide components, so that the preparation method has the characteristics of simplicity and high efficiency.
The invention provides a use method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps: diluting the foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin to 4-6% of mass fraction concentration by using water according to actual needs, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 min to uniformly disperse the foliar fertilizer to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin; and (3) spraying the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin on the leaf surfaces of crops for use, wherein the spraying frequency is 2-4 times per month, and if the solution is needed to be sprayed again in rainy days when the weather is fine.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific examples and data.
Example 1
Edible gelatin and distilled water are placed in a three-neck flask, respectively, and the edible gelatin expands due to water absorption. Placing the three-neck flask in an oil bath pan at 65 ℃, stirring at low speed of 120r/min for 3min until the three-neck flask is uniformly mixed to obtain an edible gelatin aqueous solution; after uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid into an edible gelatin aqueous solution, covering a cover, increasing the stirring speed to 300r/min, reacting for 8 hours at the reaction temperature of 50 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25 ℃) after the reaction is finished to obtain a reaction solution; neutralizing the reaction liquid by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30%, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 6 to obtain a mixed liquid, and then adding a surfactant Tween-80 into the mixed liquid to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
The material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 5% edible gelatin, 6.25% concentrated sulfuric acid, 3% surfactant, 30.75% sodium hydroxide and 55% water.
The invention provides a use method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps: diluting the foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin with water to the mass fraction concentration of 4% according to actual needs, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 min to uniformly disperse the foliar fertilizer so as to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin; the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops for use, wherein the spraying frequency is 2 times per month, and if the spraying frequency is needed to be supplemented once when the weather is sunny in rainy days.
Example 2
Edible gelatin and distilled water are placed in a three-neck flask, respectively, and the edible gelatin expands due to water absorption. Placing the three-neck flask in an oil bath pan at 65 ℃, stirring at low speed of 120r/min for 3min until the three-neck flask is uniformly mixed to obtain an edible gelatin aqueous solution; after uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid into an edible gelatin aqueous solution, covering a cover, increasing the stirring speed to 300r/min, reacting for 8 hours at the reaction temperature of 50 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature (25 ℃) after the reaction is finished to obtain a reaction solution; neutralizing the reaction liquid by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30%, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 6 to obtain a mixed liquid, and then adding a surfactant Tween-80 into the mixed liquid to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
The material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 5% edible gelatin, 8% concentrated sulfuric acid, 3% surfactant, 29% sodium hydroxide and 55% water.
The invention provides a use method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps: diluting the foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin with water to the mass fraction concentration of 4% according to actual needs, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 min to uniformly disperse the foliar fertilizer so as to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin; the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops for use, wherein the spraying frequency is 2 times per month, and if the spraying frequency is needed to be supplemented once when the weather is sunny in rainy days.
Example 3
Edible gelatin and distilled water are placed in a three-neck flask, respectively, and the edible gelatin expands due to water absorption. Placing the three-neck flask in an oil bath pan at 80 ℃, stirring at low speed of 120r/min for 5min, and mixing uniformly to obtain edible gelatin aqueous solution; after uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid into an edible gelatin aqueous solution, covering a cover, increasing the stirring speed to 300r/min, reacting for 5 hours at the reaction temperature of 75 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature (28 ℃) after the reaction is finished to obtain a reaction solution; neutralizing the reaction liquid by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30%, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 7 to obtain a mixed liquid, and then adding a surfactant Tween-80 into the mixed liquid to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
The material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 11% edible gelatin, 14% concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.5% surfactant, 23% sodium hydroxide and 51.5% water.
The invention provides a use method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps: diluting the foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin with water to the mass fraction concentration of 6% according to actual needs, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 min to uniformly disperse the foliar fertilizer to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin; the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops for use, wherein the spraying frequency is 4 times per month, and if the spraying frequency is needed to be supplemented once when the weather is sunny in rainy days.
Example 4
Edible gelatin and distilled water are placed in a three-neck flask, respectively, and the edible gelatin expands due to water absorption. Placing the three-neck flask in an oil bath pan at 70 ℃, stirring at low speed of 120r/min for 4min until the three-neck flask is uniformly mixed to obtain an edible gelatin aqueous solution; after uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid into an edible gelatin aqueous solution, covering a cover, increasing the stirring speed to 300r/min, reacting for 6.5h, then cooling to room temperature (26 ℃) under natural conditions after the reaction is finished, and thus obtaining a reaction solution; neutralizing the reaction liquid by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30%, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 6.5 to obtain a mixed liquid, and then adding a surfactant Tween-80 into the mixed liquid to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
The material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 9.5% edible gelatin, 13.5% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% surfactant, 25% sodium hydroxide and 50% water.
The invention provides a use method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps: diluting the foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin with water to the mass fraction concentration of 5% according to actual needs, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 min to uniformly disperse the foliar fertilizer to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin; the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops for use, wherein the spraying frequency is 3 times per month, and if the spraying frequency is needed to be supplemented once when the weather is sunny in rainy days.
Example 5
Edible gelatin and distilled water are placed in a three-neck flask, respectively, and the edible gelatin expands due to water absorption. Placing the three-neck flask in an oil bath pan at 70 ℃, stirring at low speed of 120r/min for 4min until the three-neck flask is uniformly mixed to obtain an edible gelatin aqueous solution; after uniformly mixing, slowly dropwise adding 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid into an edible gelatin aqueous solution, covering a cover, increasing the stirring speed to 300r/min, reacting for 6 hours at the reaction temperature of 70 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature (27 ℃) after the reaction is finished to obtain a reaction solution; neutralizing the reaction liquid by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30%, adjusting the pH value of the reaction liquid to 6 to obtain a mixed liquid, and then adding a surfactant Tween-80 into the mixed liquid to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
The material comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 8% edible gelatin, 10.2% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% surfactant, 23.8% sodium hydroxide and 56% water.
The invention provides a use method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, which comprises the following steps: diluting the foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin with water to the mass fraction concentration of 4% according to actual needs, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 min to uniformly disperse the foliar fertilizer so as to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin; the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops for use, wherein the spraying frequency is 4 times per month, and if the spraying frequency is needed to be supplemented once when the weather is sunny in rainy days.
Example 6
The polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin comprises the raw materials of the edible gelatin, concentrated sulfuric acid, tween-80, sodium hydroxide and water, wherein the mass fraction of the specific dosage of the raw materials is 30g of 30% sodium hydroxide solution; the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 9% edible gelatin, 11% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% tween-80, 24% sodium hydroxide and 54% water.
Among them, the gelatin protein contained in the edible gelatin can generate non-enzymatic browning under violent reaction conditions, and generate products such as aldehyde and heterocyclic amine, and researches show that some products are carcinogenic substances, some products are related to Alzheimer disease, and the browning reaction needs to be avoided. Therefore, it is necessary to select safe and stable reaction conditions and determine the following single-factor experimental protocol. And (3) carrying out single-factor experiments, observing the state of the solution by adjusting one condition, and screening out orthogonal experiment horizontal factors as shown in tables 1 and 2. Gelatin proteolysis produces a number of free amino and carboxyl groups. The chelation reaction mainly depends on the stable coordination bond formed by nitrogen atoms in the amino and metal elements, so that the amino nitrogen content in the polypeptide solution can reflect the chelation capacity of the solution. The results of the orthogonal experiment using the amino nitrogen content as an index, analyzing the influence of different conditions on the degree of hydrolysis of gelatin protein, optimizing the optimal reaction conditions, and influencing factors are shown in table 3. The analysis of the orthogonal experiment results can obtain the influence factors on the amino nitrogen content of the product, wherein the reaction temperature is more than the ratio of the gelatin protein to the acid and the ratio of the gelatin protein to the water is more than the reaction time. Finally, the optimal reaction condition is obtained, and the amino nitrogen content in the obtained polypeptide liquid is 125.49mg/mL at most.
TABLE 1 results of the gelatin protein one-factor experiment
Figure BDA0002704702830000101
Note: gel is abbreviated as gelatin, and CSA is abbreviated as concentrated sulfuric acid.
TABLE 2 determination of levels of orthogonal experimental factors
Figure BDA0002704702830000102
Figure BDA0002704702830000111
TABLE 3 orthogonal experimental results for gelatin protein
Figure BDA0002704702830000112
Figure BDA0002704702830000121
Note: ki represents the sum of experimental indexes corresponding to the i level;
ki represents the average value of the experimental indexes corresponding to the i level;
and r represents the range, j is the difference between the maximum kmax and the minimum kmin of the factor, i.e. Rj equals kmax-kmin.
Example 7
A preparation method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin comprises the steps of edible gelatin, concentrated sulfuric acid, tween-80, sodium hydroxide and water, wherein the mass fraction of the raw materials is 30g of 30% sodium hydroxide solution; the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 9% edible gelatin, 11% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% tween-80, 24% sodium hydroxide and 54% water.
The molecular weight distribution and size of the prepared polypeptide solution are shown in figure 1, and the specific results are shown in table 4.
Referring to fig. 1, the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, prepared by the invention, has the advantages of uniform distribution of the contained polypeptide liquid and good polydispersity. By combining table 4, it can be known that the prepared polypeptide liquid has a molecular weight of about 1500, is suitable for being absorbed and utilized by plant leaf surfaces, and is suitable for preparing leaf fertilizers.
TABLE 4 polypeptide liquid molecular weight results
MN MW MP MZ MZ+1 Polydispersity
1 1495 1535 1588 1576 1625 1.027010
Example 8
A method for preparing polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin comprises the steps of edible gelatin, concentrated sulfuric acid, tween-80, sodium hydroxide and water, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution corresponding to the specific dosage of the raw materials is 30 g; the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 9% edible gelatin, 11% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% tween-80, 24% sodium hydroxide and 54% water.
The infrared pattern of the polypeptide liquid is shown in FIG. 2. See FIG. 2, wherein the length is 3458.26cm-1The peak appeared is the stretching vibration peak of amino group, which is 1637.51cm-1The peak appeared at 1402.20cm is the stretching vibration peak of C ═ O in amide-1The peak appeared at (A) is the stretching vibration peak of carboxyl group, 1109.03cm-1Where deformation vibration of nitrogen and hydrogen in the peptide bond occurs. The appearance position of the peak of the functional group in the infrared spectrogram is the same as the appearance position of the peak of the functional group in the polypeptide structure, so that the product can be determined to be the polypeptide.
Example 9
A method for preparing polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin comprises the steps of edible gelatin, concentrated sulfuric acid, tween-80, sodium hydroxide and water, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution corresponding to the specific dosage of the raw materials is 30 g; the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 9% edible gelatin, 11% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% tween-80, 24% sodium hydroxide and 54% water.
Planting experiment: in the plant cultivation room, the humidity is kept at 65% -75%, the temperature is 28 ℃ in the day and 22 ℃ in the night, and the planting experiment is carried out. Three groups of clear water control group, commercially available fertilizer group (sodium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, produced by Sichuan national light agriculture and chemical Co., Ltd.) and polypeptide foliar fertilizer group are arranged for carrying out the Suzhou green rape planting experiment. Diluting the polypeptide foliar fertilizer to 4-6% with water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2 minutes to uniformly disperse the polypeptide foliar fertilizer, and then spraying the polypeptide foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of crops for use. The commercially available foliar fertilizer and the polypeptide foliar fertilizer were sprayed 3 times in 30 days, normally supplemented with water at ordinary times, and the results after harvesting are shown in table 5. The indexes of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer are better than those of the commercially available foliar fertilizer and a contrast group, wherein the chlorophyll content is improved by 13.29 percent compared with that of the commercially available foliar fertilizer, and is improved by 62.73 percent compared with that of the clear water contrast group, and the growth promoting effect is obvious.
Table 5 planting experimental results
Figure BDA0002704702830000131
Note: the obtained data are the average values of three experimental data
Example 10
A preparation method of a polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin comprises the steps of edible gelatin, concentrated sulfuric acid, tween-80, sodium hydroxide and water, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution corresponding to the specific dosage of the raw materials is 30 g; the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 9% edible gelatin, 11% concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% tween-80, 24% sodium hydroxide and 54% water.
To verify the stability of the polypeptide solution, the polypeptide solution prepared under the optimized conditions obtained in example 5 was allowed to stand at room temperature together with the polypeptide solution prepared under other reaction conditions of 100 ℃ for 30 days, and then the change in the solution was observed. The experimental results are shown in fig. 3, and it is clearly observed that the color of the latter changes from yellow to reddish brown and the color of the former does not change much, with reference to the comparisons (a) and (B) in fig. 3. Therefore, the polypeptide solution prepared under the optimized conditions in example 5 is more stable and safer.
In conclusion, the invention discloses an edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer, and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps that concentrated sulfuric acid and gelatin protein react with each other, and the spatial structure of the gelatin protein is destroyed and degraded into polypeptide by the concentrated sulfuric acid. By optimizing the mass ratio of the gelatin protein to the distilled water, the mass ratio of the gelatin protein to the concentrated sulfuric acid, the reaction temperature and the reaction time, and taking the amino nitrogen content in the polypeptide liquid as an index, the polypeptide liquid which has high amino nitrogen content and is favorable for trace element chelation and suitable for being used as a foliar fertilizer is prepared. The gelatin-containing coating comprises edible gelatin, concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, a surfactant and water, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11 percent of edible gelatin, 8 to 14 percent of concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.5 to 3 percent of surfactant, 23 to 29 percent of sodium hydroxide and 50 to 56 percent of water. The polypeptide foliar fertilizer has the advantages of small molecular weight, easy absorption, environmental protection, no pollution, good stability and the like. The synthesis process is simple and easy to operate, the prepared polypeptide liquid has high amino nitrogen content, and is convenient to chelate with trace elements to prepare trace element chelated foliar fertilizer, thereby being beneficial to promoting the development of diversification of the foliar fertilizer. The invention discloses an edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer, and the preparation method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer by an acid method is selected, so that not only are the reaction conditions optimized, but also a specific polypeptide foliar fertilizer which is easy to chelate with trace elements is prepared. The polypeptide foliar fertilizer product based on edible gelatin disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small molecular weight, easiness in absorption, strong chelating capacity, good planting effect, environmental friendliness, safety, no public nuisance, good stability and the like.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11 percent of edible gelatin, 8 to 14 percent of concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.5 to 3 percent of surfactant, 23 to 29 percent of sodium hydroxide and 50 to 56 percent of water.
2. The edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer of claim 1 wherein the sodium hydroxide is a 30% by weight sodium hydroxide solution.
3. The edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer of claim 1 wherein the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98.3%.
4. The edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer of claim 1 wherein the surfactant is tween-80.
5. The preparation method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
1) adding edible gelatin into water, heating and stirring after the edible gelatin absorbs water and expands to obtain uniform edible gelatin solution;
2) dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the obtained edible gelatin solution to perform protein degradation reaction, and cooling after the reaction is stopped to obtain a reaction solution containing polypeptide;
3) firstly, adjusting the pH value of the obtained reaction liquid containing the polypeptide to 6-7 by using sodium hydroxide to obtain a mixed liquid, then adding a surfactant into the mixed liquid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on the edible gelatin.
6. The preparation method of the edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the heating temperature is 65-75 ℃; in the step 1), the heating and stirring specifically comprises the following operations: the stirring speed is 120r/min, and the stirring time is 3-5 min.
7. The preparation method of the edible gelatin-based polypeptide foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the reaction temperature for protein degradation is 65-75 ℃ and the reaction time is 5-8 h.
8. The use method of the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin is prepared to be sprayed for use according to actual needs, and is diluted with water to 4-6% in mass fraction to obtain a uniformly dispersed polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on edible gelatin;
and spraying the obtained polypeptide foliar fertilizer solution based on the edible gelatin on the leaf surfaces of crops, wherein the spraying frequency is 2-4 times per month, and if the solution is in rainy days, the solution needs to be sprayed again after sunny days.
CN202011034208.7A 2020-09-27 2020-09-27 Polypeptide foliar fertilizer based on edible gelatin, and preparation method and use method thereof Pending CN112159273A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210101