CN112154956A - Artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structure characteristics - Google Patents
Artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structure characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/73—Artificial fishing banks or reefs assembled of components
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of marine ranching construction, in particular to an artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural characteristics. The main technical scheme adopted is as follows: arranging M x N hollow square artificial fish reef monomers in an artificial aquaculture pond in a matrix manner, wherein the side length of each artificial fish reef monomer is L, the transverse distance of each artificial fish reef monomer is a first set value, and the longitudinal distance of each artificial fish reef monomer is a second set value; arranging the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer according to a first set value and a second set value, breeding stichopus japonicus with equal weight in the artificial fish reef monomer, feeding feed above the artificial fish reef monomer, and obtaining the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the data of larger individual biomass ratio after feeding for a set time; and comparing and analyzing the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the data of the large individual biomass according to the data obtained repeatedly for many times to obtain the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement distance. The regulation and control system can effectively improve the value added of the artificial fish reef and the application effect of trapping marine organisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine ranching construction, in particular to an artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural characteristics.
Background
The artificial fish reef is one of important effective measures for relieving the decline of fishery resources, protecting the habitat environment of the fishery resources and building modern marine ranches at present. The artificial fish reef is used for increasing the value and trapping marine organisms by repairing and optimizing the environmental conditions in the water body. The exertion of the ecological environment effect of the artificial fish reef is mainly based on the flow field effect after the fish reef is put in. The upward flow and the back vortex generated around the fish reef promote the exchange of the surrounding water body and accelerate the circulation speed of nutrient substances. The fish reef is usually put in a unit fish reef mode so as to play the synergistic effect of the fish reef monomers. The scale ecological effect of the artificial fish reef is the basis for scientifically building the artificial fish reef, and the configuration and combination of the fish reef is the key for playing the scale ecological effect of the fish reef. The current artificial fish reef layout research mainly focuses on the influence of the form and layout of the artificial fish reef on the hydrodynamic process and the nutrient distribution, and the fish reef combination is optimized to the maximum extent by the flow field effect.
The biological resource population characteristics are direct targets for reflecting the scale ecological effect of the artificial fish reef. The artificial fish reef is built in a habitat for providing baits, breeding and growing for organisms such as stichopus japonicus and the like, and simultaneously changes the spatial distribution of food resources such as baits and the like. The Stichopus japonicus population change is comprehensively limited by shelters and baits under the interaction of the artificial fish reef and the hydrodynamic process, the current research on the ecological environment effect of the artificial fish reef mainly aims at the influence of the hydrodynamic process change on nutrient distribution and biological communities, the optimization mode is mostly limited to the flow field effect scale, and the direct evaluation and analysis of the ecological effect after the artificial fish reef is built are lacked. The biological population response and adaptation mechanism under the influence of the dynamic process become difficult problems to be solved urgently in explaining the theoretical analysis of the ecological environment effect of the artificial fish reef and the development of offshore ecological restoration and resource maintenance technologies. Therefore, an artificial fish reef space layout regulation and control technology is necessary to be provided from the perspective of structural characteristics of stichopus japonicus population, and theoretical guidance is provided for offshore ecological protection and resource conservation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a novel artificial fish reef spatial layout regulation method aiming at the defect that the conventional artificial fish reef layout regulation method based on the flow field effect lacks ecological effect analysis, and the method can effectively improve the value added of the artificial fish reef and the application effect of trapping marine organisms.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
through an artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural feature, include:
arranging M x N hollow square artificial fish reef monomers in an artificial culture pond in a matrix manner, wherein M and N are positive integers more than or equal to 3, the side length of each artificial fish reef monomer is L, the transverse distance of each hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is a first set value, and the longitudinal distance of each hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is a second set value;
arranging the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer according to the first set value and the second set value, culturing stichopus japonicus with equal weight in the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, feeding feed above the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, and obtaining the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass ratio data after feeding for a set time;
after the first set value and the second set value are changed, the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is rearranged, the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the biomass proportion data of a large individual are obtained after the stichopus japonicus is fed, and the steps are repeated at least twice;
and comparing and analyzing the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass proportion data according to the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass proportion data obtained by repeating for many times, and obtaining the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement interval.
Among the foretell artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system, the artificial aquaculture pond is including making unrestrained pump, it sets up to make unrestrained pump the first side in artificial aquaculture pond, the position setting of throwing something and feeding fodder is in the intermediate position of first side.
In the artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system, about 10g of stichopus japonicus is stocked in the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, and the density of the stocked stichopus japonicus is 7ind · m-2The feed is evenly mixed sea mud powder and seaweed powder, and the feeding frequency is once a day.
In the artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, the dissolved oxygen in the artificial culture pond is more than 5mg/L, the pH value of the artificial culture pond is 7.8-8.2, and the salinity of the artificial culture pond is 31-32;
among the foretell artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system, the artificial culture pond is wide 3m, long 3m, and the height is the rectangle culture pond of 1.2 m's glass steel material, cavity square artificial fish reef monomer sets up artificial culture pond bottom, be the sea water in the artificial culture pond, the depth of water is 1.1 m.
In the above artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation system, the first set value is 0.5 times L, 1 time L, 1.25 times L, 1.5 times L or 2 times L;
in the above system for regulating and controlling the distance between the artificial fish reef monomers, the second set value is 0.25 times of L, 0.5 times of L, 0.75 times of L, 1 time of L or 1.25 times of L.
In the above artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, the method for obtaining the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement spacing comprises the following steps: and comparing the weight variation of all the stichopus japonicus with the larger individual biomass proportion data, wherein the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance corresponding to the maximum weight variation and the maximum larger individual biomass proportion index are the optimal artificial reef monomer arrangement distance.
In the artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, a scatter diagram is drawn by taking a first set value as a dependent variable and taking the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus as a response variable to determine an expression form of a unary nonlinear function; determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus obtained by repeating for multiple times; according to the range of the first set value of the transverse spacing, the maximum value of the transverse spacing under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus is taken as a response variable is obtained;
in the artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, a scatter diagram is drawn by taking a second set value as a dependent variable and taking the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus as a response variable to determine an expression form of a unary nonlinear function; determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus obtained by repeating for multiple times; and according to the range of the second set value of the longitudinal distance, obtaining the maximum value of the longitudinal distance under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus is taken as a response variable.
In the artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, a scatter diagram is drawn to determine the expression form of a unary nonlinear function by taking a first set value as a dependent variable and taking larger individual biomass proportion data as a response variable; determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the biomass proportion data of the larger individual obtained by repeating for multiple times; according to the range of the first set value of the transverse spacing, the maximum value of the transverse spacing under the condition that the larger individual biomass proportion data is used as a response variable is obtained;
in the artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system, a scatter diagram is drawn to determine the expression form of a unary nonlinear function by taking a second set value as a dependent variable and taking larger individual biomass proportion data as a response variable; determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the biomass proportion data of the larger individual obtained by repeating for multiple times; and according to the range of the second set value of the longitudinal distance, obtaining the maximum value of the longitudinal distance under the condition that the larger individual biomass proportion data is used as a response variable.
In the above system for regulating and controlling the distance between the artificial fish reef monomers, the expression form of the unary nonlinear function is y-beta0+β1x+β2x2+…+βnxn+ e, whereinX is the distance, y is the weight gain of the stichopus japonicus, e is the error term, beta0Is a constant term, β1、β2、βnAre coefficients.
In the artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, a comprehensive function is constructed according to the maximum value of the transverse spacing under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the proportion data of the large individual biomass are respectively used as response variables, wherein the optimal transverse spacing is the product of two response functions, and the specific form is as follows:
fwas a function of the transverse spacing and the amount of change in the weight of the stichopus japonicus, fpIs the ratio functional relation between the transverse spacing and the biomass of a larger individual;
in the artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation and control system, a comprehensive function is constructed according to the maximum value of the longitudinal spacing under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the ratio data of the large individual biomass are respectively used as response variables, wherein the optimal longitudinal spacing is the product of two response functions, and the specific form is as follows:
fwas a function of the longitudinal spacing and of the amount of change in weight of the sea cucumber, fpIs the ratio of longitudinal spacing to biomass of larger individuals.
By means of the technical scheme, the artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system at least has the following advantages:
1) the artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural characteristics that this embodiment provided is through the experiment of artificial aquaculture pond, and the spatial distribution state of stichopus japonicus population under the analysis different artificial fish reef model layouts optimizes different artificial fish reef configuration combination intervals according to the response relation of stichopus japonicus population structural characteristic index and artificial fish reef model interval.
2) The embodiment of the invention provides a novel artificial fish reef space layout regulation method which can effectively improve the application effect of value-added artificial fish reefs.
3) The transverse spacing and the longitudinal spacing numerical value acquired through the embodiment are more accurate, and the influence of two variables of the ratio of a large individual and the distance between the transverse artificial fish reef monomers on the spacing is balanced, so that the optimal transverse spacing and the optimal longitudinal spacing can be acquired.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial fish reef unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic layout view of an artificial reef monomer in an artificial aquaculture pond provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows the spatial distribution of bait in the mariculture pond during the experiment.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined object, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural feature includes: arranging M x N hollow square artificial fish reef monomers in an artificial culture pond according to a matrix mode, wherein M and N are positive integers which are more than or equal to 3 (specifically determined according to the sizes of the artificial culture pond and the hollow square artificial fish reef monomers), the side length of each artificial fish reef monomer is L, the transverse distance between the hollow square artificial fish reef monomers is a first set value, the longitudinal distance between the hollow square artificial fish reef monomers is a second set value, and the hollow square artificial fish reef monomers are arranged according to the first set value and the second set value; culturing stichopus japonicus with equal weight in the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, feeding a feed above the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, and obtaining the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the data of the larger individual biomass ratio after feeding for a set time; after the first set value and the second set value are changed, the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is rearranged, the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the biomass proportion data of a large individual are obtained after the stichopus japonicus is fed, and the steps are repeated at least twice; and comparing and analyzing the average value of the weight change and the average value of the large individual biomass ratio index according to the weight change amount of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass ratio data obtained by repeating for multiple times to obtain the optimal artificial reef monomer arrangement distance.
The artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural characteristics that this embodiment provided is through the experiment of artificial aquaculture pond, and the spatial distribution state of stichopus japonicus population under the analysis different artificial fish reef model layouts optimizes different artificial fish reef configuration combination intervals according to the response relation of stichopus japonicus population structural characteristic index and artificial fish reef model interval.
In this embodiment, the artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system includes artificial aquaculture pond, makes unrestrained pump and throws feeding device. In specific implementation, the first side of the artificial aquaculture pond is provided with the wave making pump, so that the wave making pump can simulate the hydrodynamic process of the ocean. The device sets up throw feeding and be in the top in artifical breed aquatics pond, specifically, set up the intermediate position of artifical breed aquatics pond first side, through throw feeding device to throw feeding in the artifical breed aquatics pond. And analyzing the artificial bait space distribution characteristics under the comprehensive influence of the hydrodynamic process and the artificial fish reef by using the artificial aquaculture pond. And the feeding device feeds baits into the artificial aquaculture pond at a fixed time every day.
Specifically, the artificial culture pond is the rectangle culture pond of wide 3m, long 4m, and the height is 1.2 m's glass steel material, cavity square artificial fish reef monomer sets up artificial culture pond bottom, be the sea water in the artificial culture pond, the depth of water is 1.2 m. The dissolved oxygen in the artificial aquaculture pond is above 5mg/L, the pH of the artificial aquaculture pond is between 7.8 and 8.2, and the salinity of the artificial aquaculture pond is 31 to 32.
The artificial fish reef monomer is a hollow square artificial fish reef model made of concrete materials, the size of the artificial fish reef model is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, the interior of the artificial fish reef monomer is hollow (the hollow part is a resting and sheltering place for stichopus japonicus), and a square with the side length of 20cm is dug out from the center of each square surface. The specific physical diagram of the artificial fish reef monomer is shown in figure 1. When the stichopus japonicus is particularly thrown, the stichopus japonicus is only required to be placed between the bait and the shelter, and the stichopus japonicus is not required to be uniformly thrown, so that the stichopus japonicus can freely select the movement direction. Since the stichopus japonicus can move freely, the placement of the initial position of the stichopus japonicus has less influence on subsequent experiments. In addition, when the stichopus japonicus is put in, the stichopus japonicus with the weight and the specification close to each other needs to be weighed and measured, the weight of the stichopus japonicus is measured every week in the experimental process, and the feeding amount is finely adjusted according to the weight of the stichopus japonicus (the feeding amount is equal to the weight of the stichopus japonicus), so that the stichopus japonicus is guaranteed to have a certain amount of food which can be eaten, and the excessive amount of food cannot be provided, and therefore, the growth difference caused by the adjustment of the distance between the artificial fish reefs can be observed under the feeding condition with the same amount of food. In addition, during the experiment, the excrement of the stichopus japonicus is cleaned every day to reduce the influence of harmful substances.
The feeding device is a small single-layer suspension cage. A small single-layer suspension cage is arranged at a position close to the water surface and right above a proper artificial fish reef monomer, a suspension cage culture environment is simulated above an artificial fish reef area, and artificial bait is thrown in the single-layer suspension cage. The left lower corner of the aquaculture pond is used as an origin, the wave making pump is arranged at the projection point of the tank wall of the suspension cage in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the wave making pump is arranged on the central line of the longitudinal axis and is fixed on the tank wall, and the wave making pump can be used as long as food is fed. The suspension cage is arranged right above the fish reef monomer, the support is used for suspending the thin rope for supporting, and the suspension cage can be moved away from the culture pond after feeding. The wave making pump is utilized to simulate the action of sea waves, and the space distribution characteristics of the bottom of the culture pond under the influence of the arrangement of the artificial fish reef on the bait are analyzed. The method comprises the steps of establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system by taking the lower left corner of the bottom of a culture pond as an origin, carrying out unit division on the bottom of the culture pond according to square units (namely, the side length is 12.5cm) with the side length of 1/4 of the artificial fish reef monomer, counting the space distribution characteristic indexes of sediments in each unit, including sediment thickness distribution and granule size grade indexes, and drawing a space distribution map of artificial baits in the culture pond by inputting the sediment grain size data grade in each square grid in arcgis software. The process of determining the particle size grade of the bait comprises the steps of firstly determining the particle size by using a Malvern Mastersizer2000 particle size analyzer, and dividing the particle size into 3 grades according to the numerical characteristics of the measured particle size, wherein 0-125um is grade 1, 126-250um is grade 2, and more than 250um is grade 3. In fig. 3, AF represents a hollow square artificial reef, AF + TF represents that a single-layer suspension cage is arranged right above the artificial reef and close to the water surface, and numbers 3, 2 and 1 represent sediment thickness grades. Through the arrangement of the wave making pump, the feed can be ensured to cover all areas of the bottom surface of the artificial aquaculture pond. Therefore, the effective area is within the distance L around the artificial fish reef monomer. That is, all the stichopus japonicus bred in the artificial aquaculture pond can eat the feed, thereby reducing the influence on the weight of the stichopus japonicus caused by uneven feed distribution and enabling the calculation of the spacing between the artificial fish reef monomers to be more accurate.
In another aspect, by measuring the distribution of bait, the optimal spacing for setting the feeding device can be determined based on the sediment thickness rating. A rating of 1 in this example demonstrates sufficient feed for stichopus japonicus, i.e. the feeding apparatus is effectively fed a distance of up to 1.5m forward (i.e. in the direction of wave motion). Thus, in a wild environment, the feeding device spacing may be set to a range of 1.5 m.
Because when a plurality of artificial fish reef monomers are arranged, the difference of flow field effect caused by the arrangement intervals in different directions needs to be considered, so that the artificial fish reef monomers are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction in the artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system provided by the embodiment. Since the transverse flow field effect is larger than the longitudinal flow field effect, the arrangement intervals of 0.5 times, 1 time, 1.25 times, 1.5 times and 2 times of reef length (L) are arranged in the transverse direction, and the arrangement intervals of 0.25 times, 0.5 times, 0.75 times, 1 time and 1.25 times of reef length (L) are arranged in the longitudinal direction. Wherein, transverse direction is parallel with the water flow direction, and when concrete implementation, artifical fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system includes 9 people's artifical fish reef monomers altogether, that is to say, M3, N3. One specific layout is shown in fig. 2, the transverse pitch is 1L, and the longitudinal pitch is 0.5L. Of course, the specific number of M and N can be determined according to the size of the artificial aquaculture pond and the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer. For example, in large-space artificial aquaculture ponds, M is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; n4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, in this way, the feeding device may not be evenly distributed to the whole artificial aquaculture pond due to the large area after feeding the feed, and thus, a plurality of feeding devices are needed to achieve even distribution of the feed. The spacing of the plurality of feeding devices is set with reference to the distribution of feed (to ensure that there is feed in each square cell).
The cultivation experiment of the stichopus japonicus is carried out in 3-5 months in spring, about 10g of stichopus japonicus with the density of 7ind · m is put in the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer-2The natural sea mud powder and the salt algae composite powder are uniformly mixed to be used as the bait of the stichopus japonicus, and the stichopus japonicus is fed through a single-layer suspension cage arranged above the hollow square fish reef, the feeding frequency simulates the generation rate of bay scallop sediments as much as possible, and the feeding amount is equal to the wet weight of the stichopus japonicus. And observing the distribution characteristics and the population structure of the stichopus japonicus at the fish reef monomer and the bait. And according to the method for dividing the bottom unit of the culture pond, the population characteristics and the individual characteristics of the stichopus japonicus are drawn into a spatial distribution map in the culture pond by using arcgis software. Observing population structure change (individual quantity in population patch, larger individual biomass ratio) and biomass index of the stichopus japonicus every week, and analyzing patch of stichopus japonicus population under different artificial fish reef layoutsThe size of the structure.
By setting different intervals (i.e. the first setting value is 0.5 times L, 1 times L, 1.25 times L, 1.5 times L or 2 times L, and the second setting value is 0.25 times L, 0.5 times L, 0.75 times L, 1 times L or 1.25 times L), after feeding for 3 months, the specific experimental data of the weight change amount and the proportion of the larger individual biomass of the stichopus japonicus are as follows 1:
| longitudinal arrangement interval of fish reef monomers | Transverse arrangement interval of fish reef monomers | Weight change of Stichopus japonicus/percent | The ratio of biomass to the larger individual/%) |
| 0.25 times of reef length | 0.5 times of reef length | 128.84±2.53 | 14.29 |
| 0.5 times of |
1 time of reef length | 149.68±15.64 | 26.79 |
| 0.75 times of reef length | 1.25 times of reef length | 164.39±18.92 | 32.14 |
| 1 time of reef length | 1.5 times of reef length | 151.47±28.22 | 31.29 |
| 1.25 times of |
2 times of reef length | 129.52±4.78 | 17.86 |
The method for acquiring the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement distance comprises the following steps: and comparing the average value of all weight changes with the average value of the large individual biomass ratio index, wherein the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance corresponding to the maximum average value of the weight changes and the maximum average value of the large individual biomass ratio index are the optimal artificial reef monomer arrangement distance. The larger individual biomass proportion index is determined by the percentage of the number of the individual stichopus japonicus selenka with the individual biomass larger than the average individual biomass to the total number of the stichopus japonicus selenka in the whole culture pond. In this embodiment, each stichopus japonicus is weighed individually, and then the average value of the weight of the stichopus japonicus is calculated, and the percentage of the number of stichopus japonicus larger than the average value is the ratio of the biomass of the larger individual.
The system for regulating and controlling the distance between the artificial fish reef monomers provided by the embodiment can determine the optimum distance between the artificial fish reef monomers. And analyzing the response relation between the population characteristics of the stichopus japonicus and the individual characteristic indexes at different artificial fish reef arrangement intervals in consideration of the population stability of the value-added target organisms of the artificial fish reefs. The method is characterized in that the population characteristics and the individual characteristics of the stichopus japonicus are coordinated, population structure characteristics and biomass promotion are represented by the fact that the number of individuals in the population is large and the ratio of the biomass of the individual is large, and the corresponding arrangement distance between the fish reef monomers is used as the optimum distance between the optimized fish reef monomers in the unit fish reef. And comparing and analyzing the average value of the number of individuals in the colony patches at intervals distributed among different artificial fish reef monomers in the culture period, the average value of the biomass ratio index of a larger individual and the average value of the biomass index. According to the experimental result, the optimal stichopus japonicus population dynamics is obtained when the transverse arrangement distance is 1.25 times of reef length and the longitudinal arrangement distance is 0.75 times of reef length, the stability and the continuous output of the stichopus japonicus population can be kept, and therefore the arrangement distance is determined to be the optimal distance between the optimized artificial fish reef monomers.
And analyzing the response relation between the population characteristics of the stichopus japonicus and the individual characteristic indexes at different artificial fish reef arrangement intervals in consideration of the population stability of the value-added target organisms of the artificial fish reefs. The method is characterized in that the population characteristics and the individual characteristics of the stichopus japonicus are coordinated, population structure characteristics and biomass promotion are represented by the fact that the number of individuals in the population is large and the ratio of the biomass of the individual is large, and the corresponding arrangement distance between the fish reef monomers is used as the optimum distance between the optimized fish reef monomers in the unit fish reef.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention establishes the response relation between the artificial fish reef arrangement interval and the structural index of the stichopus japonicus population, provides an optimization method of the arrangement interval between the artificial fish reef monomers in the unit artificial fish reef, and has practical significance for improving the value increment of the artificial fish reef and the ecological function of gathering biological resources in the current marine ranching construction.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses an artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structure characteristics, its difference with embodiment 1 lies in:
the method for acquiring the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement distance comprises the following steps: a statistical model is established based on an R language platform, a unitary nonlinear model between the artificial fish reef space and the stichopus japonicus weight variation is established by utilizing an nls function, and an extreme value of the unitary nonlinear model is solved by using an optitime function, wherein the extreme value is the theoretical optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement space.
The mathematical expression of the unary nonlinear regression model is as follows: y ═ beta0+β1x+β2x2+…+βnxn+e
Wherein x is the distance, y is the weight of the stichopus japonicus, e is the error term, beta0Is a constant term, β1、β2、βnAre coefficients.
The optimal transverse spacing solving process comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: and solving by using an R language platform.
Step 2: constructing a response relation between the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the distance between the transverse artificial fish reef monomers: making the transverse spacing (independent variable) and the weight variation (response variable) of the stichopus japonicus in the table 1 into a data frame format; drawing a scatter diagram to determine the expression form of the unary nonlinear function, and according to the obtained observation data, the unary nonlinear function and the unary quadratic function form are presented, namely the mathematical expression is that y is beta0+β1x+β2x2(ii) a Determining each coefficient value in the unary quadratic function by using the nls function, wherein the specific values are as follows: beta is a0＝76.52，β1＝128.96，β2-51.28; according to the determined unitary quadratic function, the maximum value of the interval between the artificial reef monomers is obtained by adopting an optime function, the transverse interval between the artificial reef monomers in the experiment is (0.5-2), the corresponding maximum value is 157.60, and the corresponding transverse interval between the artificial reefs is 1.257 times of the side length of the reefs.
And step 3: constructing a response relation between a larger individual proportion and the distance between the transverse artificial fish reef monomers: making the transverse spacing (independent variable) and the larger individual proportion (response variable) in the table 1 into a data frame format; drawing a scatter diagram to determine the expression form of the unary nonlinear function, and according to the obtained observation data, the unary nonlinear function and the unary quadratic function form are presented, namely the mathematical expression is that y is beta0+β1x+β2x2(ii) a Determining each coefficient value in the unary quadratic function by using the nls function, wherein the specific value is as follows: beta is a0＝-14.84，β1＝70.69，β2-27.06; according to the determined unitary quadratic function, the maximum value of the interval between the artificial reef monomers is obtained by adopting an optime function, the transverse interval between the artificial reef monomers in the experiment is (0.5-2), the corresponding maximum value is 31.33, and the corresponding transverse interval between the artificial reefs is 1.306 times of the side length of the reefs.
And 4, step 4: in order to balance the optimal transverse artificial fish reef monomer spacing under two conditions of the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual proportion of the stichopus japonicus. The synthesis function, i.e. the product of two response functions, can be constructed in the following specific form:
according to the response function and the extreme value determined in the steps 2 and 3, as the transverse distance value-taking interval of the comprehensive function is [1.257, 1.306], the corresponding maximum value of the comprehensive function in the interval is 4934.23, and the corresponding most suitable transverse artificial reef monomer arrangement interval is 1.292 times of the reef side length.
And similarly, adopting the same method to solve the optimal longitudinal distance, comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: making the longitudinal spacing (independent variable) and the weight variation (response variable) of the stichopus japonicus in the table 1 into a data frame format; drawing a scatter diagram to determine the expression form of the unary nonlinear function, and according to the obtained observation data, the unary nonlinear function and the unary quadratic function form are presented, namely the mathematical expression is that y is beta0+β1x+β2x2(ii) a Determining each coefficient value in the unary quadratic function by using the nls function, wherein the specific value is as follows: β 0 ═ 87.23, β 1 ═ 195.33, β 2 ═ 129.38; the corresponding maximum value is 203.10, and the corresponding longitudinal artificial fish reef distance value is 0.755 times of the side length of the fish reefs.
Step 2: making the longitudinal spacing (independent variable) and the larger individual proportion (response variable) in the table 1 into a data frame format; drawing a scatter diagram to determine the expression form of the unary nonlinear function, and according to the obtained observation data, the unary nonlinear function and the unary quadratic function form are presented, namely the mathematical expression is that y is beta0+β1x+β2x2(ii) a Determining each coefficient value in the unary quadratic function by using the nls function, wherein the specific value is as follows: β 0 ═ 8.05, β 1 ═ 104.19, β 2 ═ 66.35; the corresponding maximum value is 32.85, and the corresponding longitudinal artificial fish reef distance value is 0.785 times of the fish reef side length.
And step 3: and determining the value interval of the comprehensive function as [0.755, 0.785], wherein the corresponding maximum value of the comprehensive function in the interval is 6669.55, and the corresponding most suitable transverse artificial fish reef monomer arrangement interval is 0.778 times of the side length of the fish reef.
The horizontal interval and the vertical interval numerical value that acquire through this embodiment are more accurate, in addition, have weighed down the influence of two kinds of variables of great individual ratio and horizontal artificial fish reef monomer interval to the interval to can acquire optimum horizontal interval and vertical interval.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an artificial fish reef monomer interval regulation and control system based on stichopus japonicus population structural feature which characterized in that includes:
arranging M x N hollow square artificial fish reef monomers in an artificial culture pond in a matrix manner, wherein M and N are positive integers more than or equal to 3, the side length of each artificial fish reef monomer is L, the transverse distance of each hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is a first set value, and the longitudinal distance of each hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is a second set value;
arranging the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer according to the first set value and the second set value, culturing stichopus japonicus with equal weight in the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, feeding feed above the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, and obtaining the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass ratio data after feeding for a set time;
after the first set value and the second set value are changed, the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer is rearranged, the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the biomass proportion data of a large individual are obtained after the stichopus japonicus is fed, and the steps are repeated at least twice;
and comparing and analyzing the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass proportion data according to the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the large individual biomass proportion data obtained by repeating for many times, and obtaining the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement interval.
2. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 1,
the artificial aquaculture pond comprises a wave making pump, the wave making pump is arranged on a first side of the artificial aquaculture pond, and the feed feeding position is arranged in the middle of the first side.
3. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 1,
approximately 10g of stichopus japonicus is cultivated in the hollow square artificial fish reef monomer, and the density of the cultivated stichopus japonicus is 7ind · m-2The feed is evenly mixed sea mud powder and seaweed powder, and the feeding frequency is once a day.
4. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 1,
the dissolved oxygen in the artificial aquaculture pond is above 5mg/L, the pH of the artificial aquaculture pond is between 7.8 and 8.2, and the salinity of the artificial aquaculture pond is 31 to 32;
the artificial culture pond is the rectangle culture pond of the glass steel material of width 3m, length 3m, height 1.2m, cavity square artificial fish reef monomer sets up artificial culture pond bottom, be the sea water in the artificial culture pond, the depth of water is 1.1 m.
5. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 1,
the first set value is 0.5 times L, 1 time L, 1.25 times L, 1.5 times L or 2 times L;
the second set value is 0.25 times L, 0.5 times L, 0.75 times L, 1 times L, or 1.25 times L.
6. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation system of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein,
the method for acquiring the optimal artificial fish reef monomer arrangement distance comprises the following steps: and comparing the weight variation of all the stichopus japonicus with the larger individual biomass proportion data, wherein the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance corresponding to the maximum weight variation and the maximum larger individual biomass proportion index are the optimal artificial reef monomer arrangement distance.
7. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing regulation system of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein,
drawing a scatter diagram to determine an expression form of the unary nonlinear function by taking the first set value as a dependent variable and the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus as a response variable;
determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus obtained by repeating for multiple times;
according to the range of the first set value of the transverse spacing, the maximum value of the transverse spacing under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus is taken as a response variable is obtained;
and/or
Drawing a scatter diagram to determine an expression form of the unary nonlinear function by taking the second set value as a dependent variable and the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus as a response variable;
determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus obtained by repeating for multiple times;
and according to the range of the second set value of the longitudinal distance, obtaining the maximum value of the longitudinal distance under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus is taken as a response variable.
8. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 7,
drawing a scatter diagram to determine an expression form of the unary nonlinear function by taking the first set value as a dependent variable and the larger individual biomass proportion data as a response variable;
determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the biomass proportion data of the larger individual obtained by repeating for multiple times;
according to the range of the first set value of the transverse spacing, the maximum value of the transverse spacing under the condition that the larger individual biomass proportion data is used as a response variable is obtained;
and/or
Drawing a scatter diagram to determine an expression form of the unary nonlinear function by taking the second set value as a dependent variable and the larger individual biomass proportion data as a response variable;
determining each coefficient value in the unary nonlinear function according to the biomass proportion data of the larger individual obtained by repeating for multiple times;
and according to the range of the second set value of the longitudinal distance, obtaining the maximum value of the longitudinal distance under the condition that the larger individual biomass proportion data is used as a response variable.
9. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 8,
the expression form of the unary nonlinear function is
Wherein x is the distance, y is the weight gain of the stichopus japonicus, e is the error term, beta0Is a constant term, β1、β2、βnAre coefficients.
10. The artificial fish reef monomer spacing adjustment and control system of claim 8,
constructing a comprehensive function according to the maximum value of the transverse distance under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the proportion data of the large individual biomass are respectively taken as response variables, wherein the optimal transverse distance is the product of two response functions, and the specific form is as follows:
fwas a function of the transverse spacing and the amount of change in the weight of the stichopus japonicus, fpAt a transverse interval and a larger oneThe proportion function relationship of the biomass;
and/or
Constructing a comprehensive function according to the maximum value of the longitudinal distance under the condition that the weight variation of the stichopus japonicus and the ratio data of the larger individual biomass are respectively taken as response variables, wherein the optimal longitudinal distance is the product of two response functions, and the specific form is as follows:
fwas a function of the longitudinal spacing and of the amount of change in weight of the sea cucumber, fpIs the ratio of longitudinal spacing to biomass of larger individuals.
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