CN112154145B - 哌嗪氮杂螺衍生物 - Google Patents
哌嗪氮杂螺衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112154145B CN112154145B CN201980033911.5A CN201980033911A CN112154145B CN 112154145 B CN112154145 B CN 112154145B CN 201980033911 A CN201980033911 A CN 201980033911A CN 112154145 B CN112154145 B CN 112154145B
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- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 268
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000019116 sleep disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 cyano, hydroxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 279
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 220
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 167
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 143
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 133
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 133
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 131
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 104
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 79
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004194 piperazin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- XZXSEQACGCWTLT-INIZCTEOSA-N ethyl (6S)-6-[4-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 XZXSEQACGCWTLT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002720 diazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004857 imidazopyridinyl group Chemical group N1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=N2)* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000005145 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- XZXSEQACGCWTLT-MRXNPFEDSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 XZXSEQACGCWTLT-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HRJHQOXWONBAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methyloctanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C(=O)OCC HRJHQOXWONBAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000012661 Dyskinesia Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002393 azetidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000016285 Movement disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- FTBLJQPEZZZJPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(5-methoxypyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC=1N=CC(=NC=1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 FTBLJQPEZZZJPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010003805 Autism Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000020706 Autistic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- LYWBLBSVFCHVIV-MRXNPFEDSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S1C(=NN=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 LYWBLBSVFCHVIV-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000027061 mild cognitive impairment Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JICURZGWLLHMMA-GOSISDBHSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-(3-pyrazin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1=C(C=NC=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 JICURZGWLLHMMA-GOSISDBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UTCLBCXGEXQJSY-QGZVFWFLSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S1C=NC(=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 UTCLBCXGEXQJSY-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000018282 ACys amyloidosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000010859 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010374 Down Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000007487 Familial Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000032849 Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- SPFRCYKTXXZRMY-MRXNPFEDSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)pyrazin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S1C=NC=C1C=1C(=NC=CN=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 SPFRCYKTXXZRMY-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JSRBLDXNVSLIKM-LJQANCHMSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC=1C=NN(C=1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 JSRBLDXNVSLIKM-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000010412 Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010033645 Pancreatitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000029797 Prion Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010046543 Urinary incontinence Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010013781 dry mouth Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000008319 inclusion body myositis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000002212 progressive supranuclear palsy Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000002815 pulmonary hypertension Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000020406 Creutzfeldt Jacob disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000003407 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WVWHYPBVZVHXIX-MRXNPFEDSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-(2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=NC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 WVWHYPBVZVHXIX-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WVWHYPBVZVHXIX-INIZCTEOSA-N ethyl (6S)-6-[4-(2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=NC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC1)[C@@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 WVWHYPBVZVHXIX-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WVWHYPBVZVHXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=NC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 WVWHYPBVZVHXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VIERCVZDQKBAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound S1N=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 VIERCVZDQKBAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229960002292 piperacillin Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- WCMIIGXFCMNQDS-IDYPWDAWSA-M piperacillin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(=O)N(CC)CCN1C(=O)N[C@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C([O-])=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 WCMIIGXFCMNQDS-IDYPWDAWSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- YSEQNZOXHCKLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C(O)=O YSEQNZOXHCKLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003943 azolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- QLXSNPYGHYVNJE-GOSISDBHSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-(3-morpholin-4-ylpyrazin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1(CCOCC1)C=1C(=NC=CN=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 QLXSNPYGHYVNJE-GOSISDBHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NIUGMHVMZQBVGA-GOSISDBHSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-(3-pyrimidin-4-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1=CN=C(C=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 NIUGMHVMZQBVGA-GOSISDBHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PAVPFOHUENAPHL-HXUWFJFHSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 PAVPFOHUENAPHL-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEPCDJBNNBNPI-LJQANCHMSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1OCC11CN(C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 PNEPCDJBNNBNPI-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MHHWJUYGJLYYGC-LJQANCHMSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-(4-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1CCN(CC1)C=1C(=NC=CN=1)N1CCN(CC1)[C@H]1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 MHHWJUYGJLYYGC-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IHDJFNVYMRKLMS-JOCHJYFZSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-[1-(2-ethoxyethyl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOCCn1cc(cn1)-c1cccnc1N1CCN(CC1)[C@@H]1CCC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)C1 IHDJFNVYMRKLMS-JOCHJYFZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MRYQOLBKDSVLSJ-HSZRJFAPSA-N ethyl (6R)-6-[4-[3-[1-(4-cyanobutyl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N1CC2(C1)CC[C@H](C2)N1CCN(CC1)c1ncccc1-c1cnn(CCCCC#N)c1 MRYQOLBKDSVLSJ-HSZRJFAPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LHPSQFNJGNCWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[4-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carboxylate Chemical compound COC=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(C1)CN(CC2)C(=O)OCC LHPSQFNJGNCWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BLFMPTHICAJETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[4-[3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carboxylate Chemical compound S1C=NC(=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(C1)CN(CC2)C(=O)OCC BLFMPTHICAJETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FQMZENGZPHBWHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[4-[3-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N1CCC2(CC(C2)N2CCN(CC2)c2ncccc2-c2cnn(C)c2)C1 FQMZENGZPHBWHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SFPYRNOLNREJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[4-[3-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-6-azaspiro[3.4]octane-6-carboxylate Chemical compound C(#N)C=1C=CC(=NC=1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(C1)CN(CC2)C(=O)OCC SFPYRNOLNREJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BWUZKBJAFJNGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-cyclopropylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1(CC1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 BWUZKBJAFJNGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UMSWTKQIBHMGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N=1C=CN2C=1C=CC(=C2)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 UMSWTKQIBHMGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UXEWJBFKHKYRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 UXEWJBFKHKYRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WDFKKEQGVRTMCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-pyrazin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1=C(C=NC=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)C1 WDFKKEQGVRTMCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IJBHRXYCBFIUSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-pyridazin-3-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1=NC(=CC=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 IJBHRXYCBFIUSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GIIKEVWCLGKOFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-pyridazin-4-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1=NC=C(C=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 GIIKEVWCLGKOFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VAOOJMXLTXXIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-(3-pyrimidin-5-ylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1=CN=CC(=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 VAOOJMXLTXXIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YDCLOJPATBSTRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[2-(difluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound FC(OC1=NC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1)F YDCLOJPATBSTRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AQYYWPFHTUYYTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[2-(oxetan-3-yloxy)pyridin-3-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound O1CC(C1)OC1=NC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 AQYYWPFHTUYYTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BPNLEHPGDLTLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound FC(OC1=NC=CC=C1N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1)(F)F BPNLEHPGDLTLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CMLJKMGVMJUYAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC=1SC(=C(N=1)C)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 CMLJKMGVMJUYAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GSWWTTGAWRIJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound FC1(CN(CC1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1)F GSWWTTGAWRIJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LKRMZRFHPADNFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(3-cyanoazetidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C(#N)C1CN(C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 LKRMZRFHPADNFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IUUUTCQCLFNKCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1=NSC(=C1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)C1 IUUUTCQCLFNKCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- INQIXEDIOWLTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(3-methylpyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.4]octane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC=1C(=NC=CN=1)C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)CC1 INQIXEDIOWLTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QHMDJFMIGNKUGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-[4-[3-(4-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC=1C=NSC=1C=1C(=NC=CC=1)N1CCN(CC1)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(=O)OCC)C1 QHMDJFMIGNKUGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
本发明部分地提供了式I的化合物:或其N‑氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N‑氧化物的药学上可接受的盐,其中:X1、X2、R1、R2、m和n如本文所述;其制备方法;在其制备中使用的中间体;和含有这样的化合物、N‑氧化物或盐的组合物,以及它们用于治疗M4介导的(或M4有关的)障碍的用途,所述障碍包括、例如阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森病、精神分裂症(例如,其认知症状和负面症状)、疼痛、成瘾和睡眠障碍。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及新的哌嗪氮杂螺衍生物、其盐、其药物组合物,它们是毒蕈碱M4受体的激动剂,且可用于治疗M4介导的疾病和障碍诸如精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏病、痴呆伴露易小体、帕金森病和有关的记忆和执行功能障碍、躁动和与其相关的精神病。
背景技术
具有精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、抑郁症和各种其它神经系统/神经变性疾病的患者经常遭受行为和认知损害,从而导致其日常生活受到破坏。多年来,已发现许多会提供行为和认知功能的改善的药理学治疗。但是,所述改善至多是适度的,并且在通常情况下,与这些治疗相关的潜在的剂量限制的不良作用(包括锥体外的和代谢的副作用)导致部分应答性和不顺从。
在发现新的和改良的药理学治疗的努力中,研究人员开始将毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体(mAChR)视为可行的机制。已鉴定出五种mAChR亚型(M1-M5),并且是G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)超家族的一部分。这些亚型广泛分布在外周和中枢神经系统(CNS),其中M1和M4亚型主要在CNS中表达。
此后,研究人员集中于鉴定亚型选择性的M4毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体活化剂。例如,已经研究了M4毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体的正变构调节剂(PAM)。除了M4 PAM外,研究还集中在鉴定M4受体的激动剂。实际上,正在开发的用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏病的主要症状的M4激动剂HTL0016878进入了I期临床研究。但是,需要新的或改良的活化剂,包括毒蕈碱M4受体的激动剂,以提供新的和改良的疗法来治疗M4介导的疾病和障碍诸如帕金森氏病、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏病和本文所述的其它疾病。
发明内容
本发明部分地提供了式I的化合物:
或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH,
R1选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R6)(R7)、(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)烯基、(C2-C6)炔基、(C1-C6)烷基硫基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)烯基、(C2-C6)炔基、(C1-C6)烷基硫基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、-N(R6)(R7)、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R2选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R6)(R7)、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选地被1-3个卤素取代;
R6和R7各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基或C(O)CH3;
m是1或2;且
n是1或2。
式I、IA、IB、IC和I’的化合物可用于治疗患者中M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍,其中所述方法包括给患者施用治疗有效量的式I、IA、IB、IC和I’的化合物、或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及本文所述的化合物、或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐用于治疗M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍的用途,其中所述疾病或障碍是阿尔茨海默氏病、精神分裂症或精神病、疼痛、成瘾、睡眠障碍、认知障碍(例如轻度认知损害)、帕金森病、帕金森病-左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍(Parkinson’s disease-levodopa-induced dyskinesia)、亨廷顿病、运动障碍、口干、肺动脉高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、哮喘、尿失禁、青光眼、21三体(唐氏综合征)、脑淀粉样血管病(cerebralamyloid angiopathy)、痴呆、Dutch型的遗传性脑出血伴淀粉样变性(hereditarycerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type)(HCHWA-D)、克雅病(Creutzfeld-Jakob disease)、朊病毒障碍、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、进行性核上性麻痹、头损伤、卒中(stroke)、胰腺炎、包涵体肌炎、其它周围淀粉样变性、糖尿病、孤独症和动脉粥样硬化。
本发明也涉及药物制剂,其含有治疗有效量的式I、IA、IB、IC和I’的化合物、或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
应当理解,前述的一般描述和下述的详细描述都仅仅是示例性的和解释性的,并且不限制要求保护的发明。
发明详述
本文件内的标题仅用于加速读者对它的审阅。它们不应解释为以任何方式限制本发明或权利要求。
定义和例证
通过参考本发明的示例性实施方案的以下详细描述及其中包括的实施例,可以更容易地理解本发明。
应当理解,本发明不限于制备的特定合成方法,其当然可以变化。还应该理解,本文中使用的术语仅仅是为了描述特定实施方案的目的,无意成为限制性的。在本说明书中和在下面的权利要求书中,将提及许多应当定义为具有下述含义的术语:
如本文中在本说明书中使用的,“一个”或“一种”可以表示一个/种或多个/种。如本文中在权利要求中使用的,当与词语“包含”结合使用时,词语“一个”或“一种”可以是指一个/种或或超过一个/种。本文中使用的“另一个/种”可以至少是指第二个/种或更多个/种。
术语“约”是指表示标称值的加或减10%的近似值的相对术语,在一个实施方案中,它是指加或减5%,在另一个实施方案中,它是指加或减2%。对于本公开的领域,该近似水平是适当的,除非所述值被特别声明为要求更严格的范围。
本文中使用的术语“毒蕈碱M4受体的激动剂”是指在没有天然配体(例如乙酰胆碱)存在下本发明的化合物诱导对M4受体的作用。
本文中使用的术语“n元”(其中n是整数)通常描述了部分中的成环原子的数目,其中成环原子的数目为n。例如,吡啶是6元杂芳基环的一个例子,噻吩是5元杂芳基环的一个例子。
在本说明书中的不同地方,以组或以范围公开了本发明的化合物的取代基。本发明特别地意图包括这样的组和范围的成员的每个和每种单独子组合。例如,术语“C1-6烷基”特别地意图包括C1烷基(甲基)、C2烷基(乙基)、C3烷基、C4烷基、C5烷基和C6烷基。对于另一个实施例,术语“5-10元杂芳基”特别地意图包括任何5、6、7、8、9或10元杂芳基。
本文中使用的术语“(C1-C6)烷基”表示含有1-6个碳原子的饱和的支链或直链烷基,例如,但不限于,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基和正己基。(C1-C6)烷基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基、和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。例如,(C1-C6)烷基部分可以被一个或多个卤素原子取代以形成“卤代(C1-C6)烷基”。卤代(C1-C6)烷基的代表性例子包括、但不限于氟甲基、2-氟乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基和五氟乙基。被取代的(C1-C6)烷基的其它代表性例子包括、但不限于氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基。
术语“(C2-C6)烯基”表示具有2-6个碳原子并且具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂族烃,包括具有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链基团。代表性的例子包括、但不限于乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基(烯丙基)、异丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基等。当本发明的化合物含有(C2-C6)烯基时,该化合物可以作为纯E(entgegen)形式、纯Z(zusammen)形式或其任何混合物存在。(C2-C6)烯基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“(C2-C6)炔基”表示具有2-6个碳原子和至少一个碳-碳三键的脂族烃,包括具有至少一个碳-碳三键的直链和支链。代表性的例子包括、但不限于乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基和己炔基。(C2-C6)炔基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。
本文中使用的术语“(C1-C6)烷氧基”表示通过氧原子与母体分子部分连接的如上定义的(C1-C6)烷基。(C1-C6)烷氧基的代表性例子包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、2-丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基。(C1-C6)烷氧基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。例如,(C1-C6)烷氧基可以被一个或多个卤素原子取代以形成“卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基”。卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基的代表性例子包括、但不限于氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、2-氟乙氧基、三氟甲氧基和五氟乙氧基。
本文中使用的术语“(C1-C6)烷基硫基”表示通过硫原子与母体分子部分连接的如上定义的(C1-C6)烷基。(C1-C6)烷基硫基的代表性例子包括、但不限于甲基硫基、乙基硫基、丙基硫基等。(C1-C6)烷基硫基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。
本文中使用的术语“(C3-C6)环烷基”表示通过从具有3-6个碳原子的饱和碳环分子中除去氢而获得的碳环取代基。“环烷基”可以是单环,其实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。(C3-C6)环烷基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。
本文中使用的“杂环烷基”表示如上所定义的环烷基,其中至少一个环碳原子被选自氮、氧或硫的杂原子替换。术语“(4-6元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有共计4-6个环原子,其中至少一个为杂原子。术语“(4-8元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有共计4-8个环原子,其中至少一个为杂原子。“(6元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有共计6个环原子,其中至少一个为杂原子。“(5元)杂环烷基”是指杂环烷基取代基含有共计5个环原子,其中至少一个为杂原子。杂环烷基取代基可以通过具有适当化合价的氮原子或通过任何环碳原子连接。杂环烷基部分可以在具有适当化合价的氮原子处或在任何可利用的碳原子处任选地被一个或多个取代基取代。
杂环烷基环的例子包括、但不限于氮杂环丁基、二氢呋喃基、二氢噻吩基、四氢噻吩基、四氢呋喃基、四氢-三嗪基、四氢吡唑基、四氢嗪基、四氢嘧啶基、咪唑烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、唑烷基、噻唑烷基、吡唑烷基、硫吗啉基(thiomorpholinyl)、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻嗪基、四氢噻二嗪基、四氢唑基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁基、四氢二嗪基、嗪基、噻嗪基。杂环烷基环的其它例子包括四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃-3-基、咪唑烷-1-基、咪唑烷-2-基、咪唑烷-4-基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-基、吡咯烷-3-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-基、哌啶-3-基、哌啶-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、哌嗪-2-基、1,3-唑烷-3-基、异噻唑烷基、1,3-噻唑烷-3-基、1,2-吡唑烷-2-基、1,2-四氢噻嗪-2-基、1,3-噻嗪烷(thiazinan)-3-基、1,2-四氢二嗪-2-基、1,3-四氢二嗪-1-基、1,4-嗪-4-基、2-氧代-哌啶基(例如,2-氧代-哌啶-1-基)等。杂环烷基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。
“(C6-C10)芳基”表示具有包含6-10个碳原子的共轭π电子系统的全碳单环或稠环多环芳族基团,诸如苯基或萘基。
本文中使用的术语“杂芳基”表示含有1、2、3或4个独立地选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子并且具有1、2或3个环的芳族碳环系统,其中这样的环可以稠合,其中稠合如上面所定义。“(5-10元)杂芳基”环表示具有5-10个环原子的杂芳基环,其中至少一个环原子为氮,其余的环原子独立地选自碳、氧、硫和氮。“(5-6元)杂芳基”环表示具有5-6个环原子的杂芳基环,其中至少一个环原子为氮,其余的环原子独立地选自碳、氧、硫和氮。杂芳基的例子包括、但不限于吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基。
应当理解,杂芳基可以任选地稠合至本文所定义的环烷基或杂环烷基。
杂芳基取代基可以通过具有适当化合价的氮原子或通过任何碳原子连接。杂芳基部分可以在具有适当化合价的氮原子处或在任何可利用的碳原子处任选地被一个或多个取代基取代。(5-10元)杂芳基可以任选地被取代,其中一个或多个氢原子被选自以下的取代基替换:卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-(C1-C6)烷氧基和-N(R6)(R7),其中R6和R7各自独立地选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基。当杂原子是具有适当化合价的氮时,取代基可在任何可利用的碳原子处连接至杂芳基部分或连接至杂原子。
本文中使用的“卤代”或“卤素”表示氯、氟、溴或碘原子。
本文中使用的“羟基”或“羟”是指-OH基团。
本文中使用的“氰基”是指-CN基团,其也可以描述为:
本文中使用的“硝基”是指-NO2基团。
本文中使用的“任选地被取代”是指,取代是任选的,且因此包括未被取代的和被取代的原子和部分。“被取代的”原子或部分指示,指定原子或部分上的任何氢可以被来自所指示的取代基的选择所替换(直至并包括指定原子或部分上的每个氢原子被来自所指示的取代基的选择所替换),前提条件是,不超过指定原子或部分的正常价,并且取代产生稳定的化合物。例如,如果甲基(即,-CH3)任选地被取代,则碳原子上的至多3个氢原子可以被取代基替换。
“患者”表示温血动物,例如,猪、牛、鸡、马、豚鼠、小鼠、大鼠、沙鼠(gerbils)、猫、兔、狗、猴、黑猩猩和人类。
“药学上可接受的”指示,所述物质或组合物必须在化学上和/或毒理学上与构成制剂的其它成分和/或用其治疗的哺乳动物相容。
本文中使用的术语“治疗有效量”表示所施用的化合物(包括其N-氧化物或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐)的量,该量在一定程度上减轻正在治疗的障碍的一种或多种症状。关于M4介导的障碍(例如,阿尔茨海默氏病或精神分裂症)的治疗,治疗有效量表示具有在一定程度上缓解(或例如消除)与M4介导的障碍有关的一种或多种症状(例如,精神分裂症的阳性、阴性或认知症状;或阿尔茨海默氏病的精神病症状)的效果的量。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的术语“治疗”是指逆转、减轻、抑制或预防这样的术语所适用的障碍或病症的进展、或这样的障碍或病症的一种或多种症状。除非另有说明,否则本文所用的术语“治疗”表示本文中定义为“治疗”的治疗行为。术语“治疗”还包括受试者的辅助和新辅助治疗。
“异构体”是指如下定义的“立体异构体”和“几何异构体”。
“立体异构体”表示具有一个或多个手性中心的化合物,每个手性中心可以以R或S构型存在。立体异构体包括所有的非对映异构的、对映异构的和差向异构的形式以及外消旋体及其混合物。
“几何异构体”表示可以以顺式、反式(trans)、反型(anti)、entgegen(E)和zusammen(Z)形式及其混合物存在的化合物。
除非详细说明,否则本文中使用的取代基的连接点可以来自取代基的任何合适的位置。例如,吡啶基(或吡啶基团)可以是2-吡啶基(或吡啶-2-基)、3-吡啶基(或吡啶-3-基)或4-吡啶基(或吡啶-4-基)。
当描述取代或任选取代的部分而未指出该部分用于与取代基键合的原子时,则该取代基可以通过该部分中的任何适当原子键合。例如,在任选地被取代的(5-10元)杂芳基中,在杂芳基上的取代基可以与杂芳基部分上或杂芳基的杂原子上的任何碳原子键合,只要价允许。取代基和/或变量的组合只有在该组合产生稳定化合物时才是允许的。
本说明书可互换地使用术语“取代基”、“残基”和“基团”。
如果取代基被描述为“独立地选自”一个集合,则取代基的每个实例独立于任何其它实例进行选择。因此,每个取代基可以与其它取代基相同或不同。
本文中使用的术语“式I”、“式I’”、“式IA”、“式IB”和“式IC”在下文中可以被称作“本发明的化合物”。这样的术语也被定义为包括本发明的化合物的所有形式,包括、但不限于,其水合物、溶剂化物、异构体(包括例如旋转立体异构体)、结晶性和非结晶形式、同晶型物(isoforms)、多晶型物、代谢物、前药。例如,本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与药学上可接受的溶剂(诸如水、乙醇等)一起以未溶剂化和溶剂化形式存在。当溶剂或水紧密结合时,复合物将具有明确的化学计量学,与湿度无关。但是,当溶剂或水弱结合时(如在通道溶剂化物和吸湿性化合物中),水/溶剂含量将取决于湿度和干燥条件。在这样的情况下,非化学计量学将是常态。一般而言,为了本发明的目的,溶剂化形式被认为等同于未溶剂化形式。
本发明的化合物可以作为包合物(clathrate)或其它复合物(例如共晶)存在。在本发明范围内包括复合物诸如包合物、药物-主体包合络合物,其中药物和主体以化学计量的或非化学计量的量存在。还包括本发明化合物的含有两种或更多种有机和/或无机组分的复合物,其可以呈化学计量的或非化学计量的量。所得复合物可以是离子化的、部分离子化的或非离子化的。关于这样的复合物的综述,参见Haleblian的J.Pharm.Sci.,64(8),1269-1288(1975年8月)。共晶一般定义为通过非共价相互作用结合到一起的中性分子组分的结晶复合物,但也可以是中性分子与盐的复合物。可以制备如下共晶:熔化结晶,从溶剂中重结晶,或将组分一起物理碾磨;参见O.Almarsson和M.J.Zaworotko,Chem.Commun.2004,17,1889-1896。关于多组分复合物的一般综述,参见J.K.Haleblian,J.Pharm.Sci.1975,64,1269-1288。
本发明的化合物可以作为几何异构体存在,其中所述化合物具有不对称碳原子,从而可以作为两种或更多种立体异构形式存在。本发明包括本发明化合物的全部单独立体异构体和几何异构体及其混合物。可以通过手性分离或在合成中使用有关对映异构体获得单独对映异构体。可以在本文中用实线实楔形线或虚楔形线描绘本发明的化合物的碳-碳键。用实线描绘不对称碳原子的键意指,包括在该碳原子处的所有可能的立体异构体(例如,特定的对映异构体、外消旋混合物等)。用实或虚楔形线描绘不对称碳原子的键意指,存在所显示的立体异构体。当以外消旋化合物存在时,实和虚楔形线用来定义相对立体化学,而非绝对立体化学。具有这样的指出的相对立体化学的外消旋化合物可以用(+/-)标记。例如,除非另有说明,期望本发明的化合物可以作为立体异构体存在,其包括顺式和反式异构体、光学异构体诸如R和S对映异构体、非对映异构体、几何异构体、旋转异构体、构象异构体、阻转异构体、及其混合物(诸如外消旋体和非对映体对)。本发明的化合物可以表现出超过一种类型的异构现象。还包括酸加成或碱加成盐,其中抗衡离子(counterion)是光学活性的,例如,D-乳酸盐或L-赖氨酸,或外消旋的,例如,DL-酒石酸盐或DL-精氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以以阻转异构体存在和/或分离为阻转异构体(例如,一种或多种阻转对映异构体)。本领域技术人员会认识到,阻转异构现象可以存在于具有两个或更多个芳族环(例如,通过单键连接的两个芳族环)的化合物中。参见例如,Freedman,T.B.等人,Absolute Configuration Determination of Chiral Molecules inthe Solution State Using Vibrational Circular Dichroism.Chirality 2003,15,743-758;和Bringmann,G.等人,Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral BiarylCompounds.Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2005,44,5384-5427。
当任何外消旋体结晶时,两种不同类型的晶体是可能的。第一类是上文所述的外消旋化合物(真外消旋体),其中产生一种均质形式的晶体,其含有等摩尔量的两种对映异构体。第二类是外消旋混合物或聚集物(conglomerate),其中两种形式的晶体以等摩尔量产生,各自包含单一对映异构体。
本发明的化合物还可以作为其N-氧化物或者所述化合物或N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐存在。
如本领域技术人员已知的,胺化合物(即,包含一个或多个氮原子的那些)例如叔胺可以形成N-氧化物(也称为胺氧化物或胺N-氧化物)。N-氧化物具有式(R100R200R300)N+-O-,其中母体胺(R100R200R300)N可以是例如叔胺(例如,R100、R200、R300中的每一个独立地是烷基、芳基烷基、芳基、杂芳基等),杂环或杂芳族胺[例如,(R100R200R300)N一起形成1-烷基哌啶、1-烷基吡咯烷、1-苄基吡咯烷或吡啶]。例如,亚胺氮特别是杂环或杂芳族亚胺氮或吡啶-型氮原子[诸如吡啶、哒嗪或吡嗪中的氮原子]可以被N-氧化以形成包含基团的N-氧化物。因而,包含一个或多个氮原子(例如,亚胺氮原子)的根据本发明的化合物可以能够形成其N-氧化物(例如,单-N-氧化物、二-N-氧化物或多-N-氧化物或其混合物,取决于适宜形成稳定N-氧化物的氮原子的数目)。
本文中使用的术语“N-氧化物”表示本文描述的胺化合物(例如,包含一个或多个亚胺氮原子的化合物)的全部可能的和尤其是全部稳定的N-氧化物形式,诸如单-N-氧化物(当胺化合物的超过一个氮原子可以形成单-N-氧化物时,包括不同的异构体)或多-N-氧化物(例如,二-N-氧化物)或其任何比率的混合物。
如上面所指出的,本发明的化合物(或其N-氧化物)可以以衍生自无机或有机酸的药学上可接受的盐的形式存在。取决于特定化合物,由于盐的物理性能中的一种或多种,诸如在不同温度和湿度下增强的药物稳定性,或者希望的在水或油中的溶解度,化合物的盐可以是有利的。在某些情况下,化合物的盐也可以在所述化合物的分离、纯化和/或拆分中用作助剂。
在意图将盐施用给患者(与例如用于体外环境相反)的情况下,所述盐优选是药学上可接受的。术语“药学上可接受的盐”表示通过将本发明的化合物与酸或碱组合而制备的盐,其中所述酸的阴离子或所述碱的阳离子一般视为适于人消耗。药学上可接受的盐作为本发明方法的产品是特别有用的,因为它们与母体化合物相比具有更大的水溶解度。
本发明的化合物的合适的药学上可接受的酸加成盐在可能时包括衍生自下述的那些:无机酸,诸如但不限于盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硼酸、氟硼酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硝酸、碳酸、磺酸和硫酸,以及有机酸诸如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、羟乙酸、羟乙基磺酸(isothionic)、乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、琥珀酸、甲苯磺酸、酒石酸和三氟乙酸。合适的有机酸一般包括、但不限于脂族、环脂族、芳族、芳基脂族、杂环、羧酸和磺酸类的有机酸。
合适的有机酸的具体例子包括、但不限于乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乙醇酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、丙酮酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、邻氨基苯甲酸盐、硬脂酸盐、水杨酸盐、对羟基苯甲酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、扁桃酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(扑酸盐)、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、泛酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、对氨基苯磺酸盐(sufanilate)、环己基氨基-磺酸盐、藻酸(algenic acid)、β-羟基丁酸、半乳糖二酸盐、半乳糖醛酸盐、己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、葡庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘-磺酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐(palmoate)、果胶酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、硫氰酸盐和十一烷酸盐。
此外,在本发明的化合物携带酸性部分的情况下,合适的其药学上可接受的盐可以包括碱金属盐,例如,钠或钾盐;碱土金属盐,例如,钙或镁盐;和与合适的有机配体形成的盐,例如,季铵盐。在另一个实施方案中,碱盐从形成无毒盐的碱形成,包括铝、精氨酸、苄星青霉素、胆碱、二乙胺、二乙醇胺、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、乙醇胺(olamine)、氨丁三醇和锌盐。
有机盐可以从仲、叔或季胺盐诸如氨丁三醇、二乙胺、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇-胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺(N-甲基还原葡糖胺)和普鲁卡因制备。碱性含氮基团可以用试剂诸如低级烷基(C1-C6)卤化物(例如,甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、硫酸二烷基酯(例如,硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、硫酸二丁酯和硫酸二戊酯)、长链卤化物(例如,癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂酰基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、芳基烷基卤(例如,苄基溴和苯乙基溴)等季铵化。
在一个实施方案中,还可以形成酸和碱的半盐,例如,半硫酸盐和半钙盐。
关于合适的盐的综述,参见Stahl和Wermuth的“Handbook of PharmaceuticalSalts:Properties,Selection,and Use”(Wiley-VCH,2002)。制备本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的盐的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
本发明的化合物可以以从完全无定形到完全结晶的固态连续范围存在。术语‘无定形’表示这样的状态,其中所述物质缺乏在分子水平的长程有序,并且取决于温度可以表现出固体或液体的物理性能。典型地,这样的物质不产生特征性X-射线衍射图谱,并且尽管表现出固体的性能,但更正式地描述为液体。在加热后,发生从表观固体到具有液体性能的物质的变化,其特征在于通常为二阶的状态变化(‘玻璃化转变’)。术语‘结晶性的’表示这样的固相,其中所述物质具有在分子水平的规律有序内部结构,并且产生具有确定峰的特征性X-射线衍射图谱。这样的物质在被充分加热时也将表现出液体的性能,但是从固体到液体的变化特征在于通常为一阶的相变(‘熔点’)。
本发明的化合物还可以在合适条件下以介晶状态(中间相或液晶)存在。介晶状态是在真正结晶状态与真正液体状态(熔化或溶液)之间的中间体。作为温度变化的结果出现的介晶现象被描述为‘热致的(thermotropic)’,而作为加入第二种组分诸如水或另一种溶剂的结果出现的介晶现象被描述为‘溶致的(lyotropic)’。具有形成溶致中间相的潜力的化合物被描述为‘两亲的’并且由分子组成,所述分子具有离子的(诸如-COO-Na+、-COO-K+或-SO3 -Na+)或非离子的(诸如-N-N+(CH3)3)极性头部基团。关于更多信息,参见N.H.Hartshorne和A.Stuart的Crystals and the Polarizing Microscope,第4版(EdwardArnold,1970)。
本发明也涉及本发明的化合物的前药。因而,其本身可能不具有或几乎不具有药理学活性的本发明的化合物的某些衍生物在施用至体内或体表时可以转化为具有期望活性的式I的化合物,例如,通过水解裂解。这样的衍生物被称作“前药”。关于前药的应用的进一步信息,可以参见:Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,第14卷,ACS SymposiumSeries(T.Higuchi和W.Stella)以及Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,PergamonPress,1987(E.B.Roche编,American Pharmaceutical Association)。
例如,通过用本领域技术人员已知为‘前药部分’的某些部分替换在本发明的化合物中存在的适当官能团,可以生产根据本发明的前药,所述‘前药部分’描述于例如H.Bundgaard的Design of Prodrugs(Elsevier,1985)或Prodrugs:Challenges andReward,2007版,Valentino Stella,Ronald Borchardt,Michael Hageman,Reza Oliyai,Hans Maag,Jefferson Tilley编,第134-175页(Springer,2007)。
此外,本发明的某些化合物本身可以充当本发明的其它化合物的前药。
本发明也涵盖含有保护基团的本发明的化合物。本领域技术人员还会明白,本发明的化合物也可以用某些保护基团制备,所述保护基团可用于纯化或贮存并且可以在施用给患者之前除去。官能团的保护和去保护描述于“Protective Groups in OrganicChemistry”,J.W.F.McOmie编,Plenum Press(1973)和“Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis”,第3版,T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Wiley-Interscience(1999)。
在本发明范围内也包括本发明的化合物的代谢物,也就是说,在施用药物后于体内形成的化合物。
本发明还包括全部药学上可接受的同位素标记的化合物,其与本文列举的那些相同,其中一个或多个原子被具有相同原子数但其原子质量或质量数不同于在自然界中占优势的原子质量或质量数的原子替换。适合于包含在本发明化合物中的同位素的例子包括、但不限于:氢的同位素,诸如2H、3H;碳的同位素,诸如11C、13C和14C;氯的同位素,诸如36Cl;氟的同位素,诸如18F;碘的同位素,诸如123I和125I;氮的同位素,诸如13N和15N;氧的同位素,诸如15O、17O和18O;磷的同位素,诸如32P;和硫的同位素,诸如35S。本发明的某些同位素标记的化合物,例如掺入放射性同位素的那些,可用在药物和/或底物组织分布研究中(例如,测定)。考虑到它们易于掺入和检测方便,放射性同位素氚(即,3H)和碳-14(即,14C)对于该目的是特别有用的。用更重的同位素(诸如氘,即,2H)取代可能提供某些由更大代谢稳定性引起的治疗优点,例如增加的体内半衰期或减小的剂量需求,因此在某些情况下可能是优选的。用发射正电子的同位素(诸如11C、15F、18F、15O和13N)取代在用于检查底物受体占有率的正电子发射断层摄影术(PET)研究中可以是有用的。通常,通过本领域技术人员已知的常规技术,或通过与在所附方案中和/或在实施例和制备部分中描述的那些类似的方法,使用适当的同位素标记的试剂代替以前采用的未标记的试剂,可以制备本发明的同位素标记的化合物。根据本发明的药学上可接受的溶剂化物包括这样的那些:其中结晶的溶剂可以是同位素取代的,例如,D2O,丙酮-d6或DMSO-d6。本发明的化合物(其包括在下述的实施例1-51中举例说明的化合物)包括这些化合物的同位素标记形式,例如,但不限于,氘化和氚化同位素以及上文讨论的全部其它同位素。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及新的、选择性的、放射性标记的M4激动剂,其可用于使用正电子-发射断层摄影术(PET)对M4化合物在组织(例如,脑)中的分布进行成像和定量。
化合物
如上所述,式I的化合物含有哌嗪-1-基-2-氮杂螺羧酸酯核心,其中哌嗪连接至被R1和R2取代的6元杂芳基(吡啶或吡嗪);且氮杂螺部分选自2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷、6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷或2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷。
在一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,X1是氮且X2是CH。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是氮且X2是氮。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是CH且X2是氮。
应当理解,X1和X2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的R1、R2、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基。当R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述烷氧基包括、但不限于甲氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C3-C6)环烷基。当R1是(C3-C6)环烷基时,所述环烷基包括、但不限于环丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-(CH2)2-O-CH2CH3和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是(5-6元)杂芳基。
当R1是被取代的(5-10元)杂芳基或被取代的(5-6元)杂芳基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,且所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(4-8元)杂环烷基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基或(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基,且所述(5-6元)杂芳基取代基是吡唑基,其任选地被甲基取代基取代。
应当理解,R1的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2、R2、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,R2是氢。
在另一个实施方案中,R2是氟。
应当理解,R2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2、R1、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I中,m是2且n是1。
在另一个实施方案中,m是1且n是2。
在另一个实施方案中,m是1且n是1。
应当理解,m和n的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2、R1和R2的任何亚属组合在一起。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明是式IA的化合物:
或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH,
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;和
R2选自氢、卤素、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选地被1-3个卤素取代。
在一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IA中,X1是氮且X2是CH。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是氮且X2是氮。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是CH且X2是氮。
应当理解,X1和X2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的R1、R2、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IA中,R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基。当R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述烷氧基包括、但不限于甲氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C3-C6)环烷基。当R1是(C3-C6)环烷基时,所述环烷基包括、但不限于环丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IA中,R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-(CH2)2-O-CH2CH3和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IA中,R1是任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代的(5-6元)杂芳基:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(5-10元)杂芳基或被取代的(5-6元)杂芳基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,且所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IA中,R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(4-8元)杂环烷基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基或(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基,且所述(5-6元)杂芳基取代基是吡唑基,其任选地被甲基取代基取代。
应当理解,R1的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2和R2的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IA中,R2是氢。
在另一个实施方案中,R2是氟。
应当理解,R2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2和R1的任何亚属组合在一起。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明是式IB的化合物:
或其N-氧化物或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH,
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R2选自氢、卤素、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选地被1-3个卤素取代。
在一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IB中,X1是氮且X2是CH。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是氮且X2是氮。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是CH且X2是氮。
应当理解,X1和X2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的R1、R2、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IB中,R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基。当R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述烷氧基包括、但不限于甲氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C3-C6)环烷基。当R1是(C3-C6)环烷基时,所述环烷基包括、但不限于环丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IB中,R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IB中,R1是任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代的(5-6元)杂芳基:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(5-10元)杂芳基或被取代的(5-6元)杂芳基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,且所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IB中,R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(4-8元)杂环烷基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基或(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基,且所述(5-6元)杂芳基取代基是吡唑基,其任选地被甲基取代基取代。
应当理解,R1的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2和R2的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IB中,R2是氢。
在另一个实施方案中,R2是氟。
应当理解,R2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2和R1的任何亚属组合在一起。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明是式IC的化合物:
或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH,
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、-(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;和
R2选自氢、卤素、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选地被1-3个卤素取代。
在一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IC中,X1是氮且X2是CH。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是氮且X2是氮。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是CH且X2是氮。
应当理解,X1和X2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的R1和R2的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IC中,R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基。当R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述烷氧基包括、但不限于甲氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C3-C6)环烷基。当R1是(C3-C6)环烷基时,所述环烷基包括、但不限于环丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IC中,R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-(CH2)2-O-CH2CH3和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IC中,R1是任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代的(5-6元)杂芳基:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(5-10元)杂芳基或被取代的(5-6元)杂芳基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,且所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IC中,R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(4-8元)杂环烷基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基或(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基,且所述(5-6元)杂芳基取代基是吡唑基,其任选地被甲基取代基取代。
应当理解,R1的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2和R2的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式IC中,R2是氢。
在另一个实施方案中,R2是氟。
应当理解,R2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2和R1的任何亚属组合在一起。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明是式I’的化合物:
或其N-氧化物、或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH,
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R2选自氢、卤素、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基任选地被1-3个卤素取代;
m是1或2;且
n是1或2。
在一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,X1是氮且X2是CH。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是氮且X2是氮。
在另一个实施方案中,X1是CH且X2是氮。
应当理解,X1和X2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的R1、R2、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基。当R1是(C1-C6)烷氧基时,所述烷氧基包括、但不限于甲氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基。
在某些实施方案中,R1是(C3-C6)环烷基。当R1是(C3-C6)环烷基时,所述环烷基包括、但不限于环丙基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-(CH2)2-O-CH2CH3和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,R1是任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代的(5-6元)杂芳基:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(5-10元)杂芳基或被取代的(5-6元)杂芳基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,且所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
当R1是被取代的(4-8元)杂环烷基时,所述取代基是(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基或(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述烷基取代基包括、但不限于甲基、乙基、氰基丁基和乙氧基乙基,所述烷氧基取代基包括、但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟乙氧基、二氟乙氧基和氟甲氧基,且所述(5-6元)杂芳基取代基是吡唑基,其任选地被甲基取代基取代。
应当理解,R1的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2、R2、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,R2是氢。
在另一个实施方案中,R2是氟。
应当理解,R2的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2、R1、m和n的任何亚属组合在一起。
在另一个实施方案中,在如上所述的式I’中,m是2且n是1。
在另一个实施方案中,m是1且n是2。
在另一个实施方案中,m是1且n是1。
应当理解,m和n的上述亚属(实施方案)中的任一个可以与在上面和下文中描述的X1、X2、R1和R2的任何亚属组合在一起。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明涉及所述化合物或本发明的任一种化合物的N-氧化物或药学上可接受的盐在治疗M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍中的用途。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明涉及一种用于治疗患者中的M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍的方法,所述方法包括给所述患者施用治疗有效量的化合物、或本发明的任一种化合物的N-氧化物或药学上可接受的盐。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物是M4受体激动剂,其中所述化合物具有对M4受体的结合亲和力并且在天然配体(例如乙酰胆碱)不存在下诱导对M4受体的效应。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明涉及上述的用途,其中所述M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍是选自以下的疾病或障碍:阿尔茨海默氏病、精神分裂症、疼痛、成瘾、睡眠障碍、认知障碍(例如轻度认知损害、年龄相关的轻度认知损害和遗忘性轻度认知损害)、帕金森病、帕金森病左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍(PD-LID)、亨廷顿病、运动障碍、口干、肺动脉高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、哮喘、尿失禁、青光眼、21三体(唐氏综合征)、脑淀粉样血管病、痴呆、Dutch-型遗传性脑出血伴淀粉样变性(HCHWA-D)、克雅病、朊病毒障碍、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、进行性核上性麻痹、头损伤、卒中、胰腺炎、包涵体肌炎、其它外周淀粉样变性、糖尿病、孤独症和动脉粥样硬化。
在某些实施方案中,所述M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍是选自以下的疾病或障碍:阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、精神分裂症、疼痛、成瘾和睡眠障碍。
本发明也提供了包含本发明的新化合物的组合物(例如,药物组合物)。因此,在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包含(治疗有效量的)本发明的新化合物,且任选地包含药学上可接受的载体。在一个进一步的实施方案中,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包含(治疗有效量的)本发明的化合物,任选地包含药学上可接受的载体和任选的至少一种另外的药用或药学试剂(诸如下面描述的抗精神病药或抗精神分裂药)。在一个实施方案中,所述另外的药用或药学试剂是如下面描述的抗精神分裂药。
药理学
毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体M4(也被称作毒蕈碱4或CHRM4)是编码CHRM4基因的人蛋白质。M4受体主要在脑中表达。发生M4受体表达的关键脑区域是纹状体、皮质和海马,其中最高表达发生在纹状体中(大约46%),其中M4是主要毒蕈碱亚型。M4在外周(例如,睾丸、皮肤和结肠)中散发表达。
M4受体偶联至Gq/i蛋白,并充当纹状体和中脑中的抑制性自身受体(Zhang等人.2002;Tzavara等人.2004),以及充当纹状体、新皮质和海马中的突触后调节性受体(Levy等人.1991;Zhang等人.1997)。M4受体也在突触前发现于从皮质到纹状体的谷氨酸能突触上(Pancani,T.,等人,“Allosteric activation of M4 improve behavioral andphysiological alterations in early symptomatic YAC128 mice”,Proceedings ofthe National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America,2015Nov.10;112(45):14078-83),和在海马谷氨酸神经元上(其中突触前M4调节谷氨酸释放)。M4受体的最高表达发现于纹状体中,M4受体也对多巴胺能神经传递具有调节效果,并且与D1多巴胺受体一起在纹状体中间多刺神经元子集中共表达,所述神经元含有GABA作为主要神经递质(Bernard等人.1992;Di Chiara等人.1994;Ince等人.1997)。
已经假定,选择性M4激动剂的施用会为精神分裂症的治疗提供抗精神病活性(Felder等人.“Elucidating the Role of Muscarinic Receptors in Psychosis”,LifeSci.68:2605-2613,2001)。该假设被研究进一步支持:证实了M4受体调节多巴胺能和胆碱能神经传递的动力学,并且多巴胺机能亢进的状态导致M4功能的损失(Tzavara等人,“M4Muscarinic Receptors Regulate the Dynamics of Cholinergic and DopaminergicNeurotransmission:relevance to the pathophysiology and treatment of relatedCNS pathologies”FASEB J.18:1410-1412,2004)。
本发明的化合物还可以用于治疗/减轻与阿尔茨海默氏病和精神分裂症有关的神经精神病学症状(即,行为症状)(Foster,Daniel J.等人,“Activation of M1 and M4muscarinic receptors as potential treatments for Alzheimer’s disease andschizophrenia”,Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment,Volume 2014:10,第183-191页)。这些行为症状包括、但不限于激动、焦虑、应激性、好斗、定向障碍、错觉、妄想、情感淡漠、抑郁、抑制解除、异常运动和强迫观念与行为、以及睡眠障碍(Dillon,Carol,等人.“Behavioral symptoms related to cognitive impairment”,NeuropsychiatricDisease and Treatment 2013:9 1443-1455)。通过治疗/减轻上述行为症状,据信本发明的化合物还将增强认知。
考虑到以上内容,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏病。本发明的化合物还可以用于治疗帕金森病、亨廷顿病、成瘾、抑郁症和癫痫。
据信本发明的M4选择性活化剂还可以具有宽范围的用于治疗中枢神经系统的病症或疾病(包括神经学、神经变性和/或精神病学障碍)的其它治疗用途。神经学、神经变性和/或精神病学障碍包括、但不限于:(1)情绪[情感]障碍;(2)神经症的、应激相关的和躯体病样障碍,包括焦虑障碍;(3)包括哺乳动物(包括人类)中的认知缺乏症状的障碍;(4)包括注意力缺陷的障碍,执行功能缺陷(工作记忆缺陷),冲动控制的功能障碍,锥体束外症状,基于基底神经节、海马和前额皮质的机能障碍的障碍;(5)其发作通常发生在儿童期和青春期的行为和情绪障碍;(6)心理学发展的障碍;(7)主要影响中枢神经系统的全身性萎缩;(8)锥体束外和运动障碍;(9)与生理学紊乱和身体因素有关的行为综合征;(10)成人人格和行为障碍;(11)精神分裂症和其它精神障碍;(12)由精神活性物质使用导致的精神和行为障碍;(13)包括过度性冲动的性功能障碍;(14)精神发育迟滞;(15)造作性障碍,例如急性幻觉性躁狂症;(16)发作性和阵发性障碍,癫痫;(17)发作性睡病;(18)痴呆,和(19)肌萎缩性侧索硬化。
根据本发明可以治疗的情绪[情感]障碍的例子包括、但不限于双相型障碍I,轻躁狂(躁狂及混合形式),双相型障碍II;抑郁障碍诸如单次抑郁发作或复发性严重抑郁障碍,慢性抑郁症,精神病性抑郁症,轻度抑郁障碍,具有产后发作的抑郁障碍,具有精神病性症状的抑郁障碍;持久性情绪[情感]障碍诸如躁郁环性气质,心境恶劣,情感正常(euthymia);月经前综合征(PMS)和月经前焦虑障碍。
根据本发明可以治疗的神经症的、应激相关的和躯体病样障碍的例子包括、但不限于焦虑障碍,社交焦虑障碍,一般性焦虑障碍,惊恐障碍伴或不伴广场恐怖,特殊恐怖症,社会恐怖症,慢性焦虑障碍;强迫性障碍;严重应激反应和适应障碍,诸如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),急性应激障碍;其它神经症障碍诸如人格解体-现实解体综合征。
本文中使用的短语“认知缺乏”和“包含认知缺乏症状的障碍”表示,与相同一般年龄群体内的其它个体相比,特定个体在一个或多个认知方面诸如记忆、智力、学习和逻辑能力或者注意力和执行机能(工作记忆)的低于正常功能或次优功能。
根据本发明可以治疗的“包含认知缺乏症状的障碍”的例子包括、但不限于认知缺陷,主要但不排它地涉及遗忘症,精神病(精神分裂症),帕金森病,阿尔茨海默氏病,多发梗塞性痴呆,老年性痴呆,路易斯体痴呆,卒中,额颞叶痴呆,进行性核上性麻痹,亨廷顿病,HIV疾病(HIV-相关的痴呆),大脑创伤和药物滥用;轻微认知障碍ADHD,Asperger氏综合征,和年龄相关的记忆损害;手术后或与重症监护治疗相关的认知减退或谵妄。
根据本发明可以治疗的通常在婴儿期、儿童期和青春期首次诊断的障碍的例子包括、但不限于多动障碍,包括活动和注意力紊乱、注意缺陷/多动症(ADHD)、运动过度行为障碍;注意力缺陷障碍(ADD);行为障碍,包括、但不限于抑郁性行为障碍;抽动障碍,包括短时抽动障碍、慢性运动或声音抽动障碍、组合的声音和多运动抽动障碍(吉累斯·德拉图雷特综合征(Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome))、物质诱发的抽动障碍;自闭障碍;巴藤病,过度手淫,咬甲癖,挖鼻和吸拇癖。
根据本发明可以治疗的心理学发展障碍的例子包括、但不限于广泛性发育迟缓(pervasive development disorder),包括、但不限于Asperger氏综合征和瑞特综合征,自闭障碍,儿童孤独症和与精神发育迟滞有关的活动过度障碍和刻板运动,运动功能的特定发育障碍,学习技能的特定发育障碍。
根据本发明可以治疗的主要影响中枢神经系统的全身性萎缩的例子包括、但不限于主要影响基底神经节的多发性硬化全身性萎缩,包括亨廷顿病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化。
根据本发明可以治疗的锥体束外和运动障碍伴基底神经节机能失调和/或变性的例子包括、但不限于亨廷顿病;帕金森病;第二帕金森综合症诸如脑炎后帕金森综合症;在其它障碍中包括的帕金森综合症;Niemann-Pick病,露易小体疾病;基底神经节变性病症;其它锥体束外和运动障碍,包括震颤、特发性震颤和药物诱发的震颤,肌阵挛,舞蹈病和药物诱发的舞蹈病,药物诱发的抽动和器质性来源抽动,药物诱发的急性张力失常,药物诱发的迟发性运动障碍,肌肉痉挛和与肌肉痉挛状态或虚弱有关的障碍包括震颤;心理缺陷(包括痉挛状态、唐氏综合征和脆性X综合征),L-多巴诱导的运动障碍;下肢不宁综合征和僵人综合征。
根据本发明可以治疗的运动障碍伴基底神经节机能失调和/或变性的其它实例包括、但不限于张力失常,包括、但不限于局灶性张力失常,多局灶性或节段性张力失常,扭转张力失常,半球、泛化和迟发性张力失常(心理药理学药物诱导的)。局灶性张力失常包括颈张力失常(斜颈),眼睑痉挛(眼睑痛性痉挛),阑尾张力失常(肢端痛性痉挛如书写痉挛),或颚张力失常和痉挛性发音困难(声带痛性痉挛);神经松弛药诱导的运动障碍,包括、但不限于神经松弛药恶性综合征(NMS),神经松弛药诱导的帕金森综合症,神经松弛药诱导的早期发作或急性运动障碍,神经松弛药诱导的急性张力失常,神经松弛药诱导的急性静坐不能,神经松弛药诱导的迟发性运动障碍和神经松弛药诱导的震颤。
根据本发明与生理学紊乱和身体因素有关的行为综合征的例子包括、但不限于非器质性睡眠障碍,包括、但不限于非器质性睡眠过度,非器质性睡眠-苏醒计划障碍(生理节律睡眠障碍),失眠症,深眠状态和睡眠剥夺;与产后期有关的精神和行为障碍,包括出生后和产后抑郁症;进食障碍,包括、但不限于神经性厌食,神经性贪食,狂饮进食障碍,食欲过盛,肥胖,强迫进食障碍和嗜冰癖。
根据本发明可以治疗的成人人格和行为障碍的例子包括、但不限于人格障碍,包括、但不限于情绪不稳定,边界、强迫性(obsessive-compulsive)、强迫型(anankastic)、依赖性和被动性-攻击性人格障碍;习惯和冲动障碍(冲动控制障碍),包括间歇性爆炸性障碍,病理性赌博,病理学纵火(纵火狂),病理性偷窃(偷窃癖),拔毛癖;Munchausen综合征。
根据本发明可以治疗的精神分裂症和其它精神障碍的例子包括、但不限于不同类型的连续性或发作性精神分裂症(例如,偏执型,青春期痴呆型,紧张症型,未分化型,残余型和精神分裂症样精神障碍);精神分裂型精神障碍(诸如边界,潜在,精神病前,前驱,假神经症型假精神病型精神分裂症和分裂型人格障碍);持续妄想性障碍;急性、一过和持续精神障碍;诱导的妄想性障碍;不同类型的情感性分裂症(例如,躁狂抑郁型或混合型);产后精神病以及其它和未指定的非器质性精神病诸如精神分裂症中的回避社交。
根据本发明可以治疗的使用精神活性物质导致的精神和行为障碍的例子包括、但不限于使用酒精、阿片类物质、大麻素类、镇静剂或催眠药、可卡因导致的精神和行为障碍;使用其它兴奋剂包括咖啡因导致的精神和行为障碍,药物依赖性和滥用导致的精神和行为障碍(例如,麻醉药依赖,酒精中毒,苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺依赖,类阿片依赖,可卡因成瘾,尼古丁依赖,和药物戒断综合征,和复发预防),使用致幻剂,烟草(尼古丁),挥发性溶剂导致的精神和行为障碍,和使用多种药物和使用其它精神活性物质导致的精神和行为障碍,包括下述亚型症状:有害使用,依赖综合征,戒断状态和戒断状态伴谵妄。
根据本发明可以治疗的痴呆的例子包括、但不限于血管性痴呆,由Creutzfeld-Jacob、HIV、头损伤、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、匹克病导致的痴呆,阿尔茨海默型痴呆。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及本发明的化合物用于治疗精神分裂症的用途,通过将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物施用给有此需要的患者来进行。
在某些其它实施方案中,本发明进一步涉及本发明的化合物用于治疗与精神分裂症有关的认知损害的用途,通过将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物施用给有此需要的患者来进行。
本发明前文化合物、其N-氧化物和药学上可接受的盐可以用来治疗的精神分裂症或精神病包括一种或多种下述病症:精神分裂症(妄想狂样型,错乱型,紧张症型或未分化型),精神分裂症样精神障碍,情感性分裂症,妄想性障碍,简短精神障碍,共享精神障碍,一般医学病症导致的精神障碍和物质诱导性或药物诱发的(苯环利定,氯胺酮和其它解离麻醉剂,苯丙胺和其它精神兴奋药和可卡因)精神病精神障碍,与情感障碍有关的精神病,简短反应性精神病,分裂情感性精神病,“精神分裂症谱系”障碍诸如类精神分裂症或分裂型人格障碍,或与精神病有关的疾病(诸如重度抑郁,躁狂抑郁(双向型)障碍,阿尔茨海默病和创伤后应激综合征),包括精神分裂症和其它精神病的正面和负面症状;认知障碍,包括痴呆(与阿尔茨海默病,缺血,多发性脑梗死性痴呆,创伤,血管问题或卒中,HIV病,帕金森病,亨廷顿病,匹克病,Creutzfeldt-Jacob病,围产期缺氧,其它一般医学病症或物质滥用有关);谵妄,遗忘障碍,或年龄相关性认知减退。
除了上文提及的中枢神经系统障碍之外,本发明的化合物还可以用来治疗其它M4介导的(或M4有关的)障碍,诸如但不限于成瘾(例如,物质成瘾诸如阿片类物质,可卡因或酒精成瘾),疼痛(例如,急性痛,炎性疼痛和神经性疼痛),和睡眠障碍(诸如涉及REM睡眠调节的那些,例如涉及REM睡眠发作的那些)。可以用本发明的化合物治疗的额外M4介导的(或M4有关的)障碍或病症包括口干燥,认知障碍(例如,轻微认知减退),运动障碍,肺动脉高压,慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD),哮喘,尿失禁,青光眼,21三体综合征(Down综合征),大脑淀粉样血管病,痴呆(例如,退化性痴呆),荷兰型遗传性脑出血伴淀粉样变性(HCHWA-D),Creutzfeld-Jakob病,朊病毒障碍,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,进行性核上性麻痹,头创伤,卒中,胰腺炎,包涵体肌炎,其它外周淀粉样变性,糖尿病,孤独症和动脉粥样硬化。参见例如US8,664,234。
本发明前文化合物、其N-氧化物和药学上可接受的盐可以用来治疗的潜在睡眠障碍包括:增强睡眠品质;改善睡眠品质;增加睡眠维持;增加用受试者睡眠时间除以受试者试图睡眠时间计算得到的数值;减少睡眠潜伏或开始(入睡消耗的时间);减少入睡困难;增加睡眠持续性;减少睡眠期间的觉醒次数;减少夜间唤起;减少睡眠最初开始之后的苏醒时间;增加睡眠总量;减少睡眠中断;改变REM睡眠发作的时机、频率或持续时间;改变慢波(即阶段3或4)睡眠发作的时机、频率或持续时间;增加阶段2睡眠的量和百分比;促进慢波睡眠;增强睡眠期间的EEG-δ活动;增加日间警觉;减少白天倦睡;治疗或减少过度日间嗜睡;失眠症;睡眠过度;发作性睡病;睡眠被打断;睡眠呼吸暂停;不眠症;夜间肌阵挛(nocturnal myoclonus);REM睡眠中断;时差症;倒班工作者睡眠失调;睡眠障碍;夜惊症;与抑郁、情绪/情感障碍、以及睡行症和遗尿症有关的失眠症,和睡眠障碍伴衰老;阿尔茨海默氏日落性混乱;与生理节律性有关的病症以及与跨时区移动和轮换工作计划有关的精神和身体障碍;副作用导致REM睡眠减少的药物导致的病症;表现为非恢复性睡眠和肌肉痛的综合征或与睡眠期间呼吸系统紊乱有关的睡眠呼吸暂停;和睡眠质量降低导致的病症。
本发明前文化合物、其N-氧化物和药学上可接受的盐可以用来治疗的疼痛障碍包括神经性疼痛(诸如带状疱疹后神经痛,神经损伤,"痛觉(dynias)",例如外阴痛,幻肢痛,根性撕脱,疼痛性糖尿病神经病,疼痛性创伤性单神经病,疼痛性多神经病);中枢性痛综合征(能由神经系统实质上任何水平的任何损伤引起);术后疼痛综合征(例如,乳房切除术后综合征,开胸术后综合征,残肢痛);骨骼和关节疼痛(骨关节炎),重复性运动疼痛,牙痛,癌症痛,肌筋膜痛(肌肉伤害,纤维肌痛);手术期间疼痛(一般手术,妇科学),慢性痛,痛经,以及与心绞痛有关的疼痛,和不同来源(例如,骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,风湿性疾病,腱滑膜炎和痛风)的炎性疼痛,头痛,偏头痛和丛集性头痛,头痛,原发痛觉增敏,继发痛觉增敏,原发异常性疼痛,继发异常性疼痛,或由中枢致敏引起的其它疼痛。
本发明前文的化合物、其N-氧化物和药学上可接受的盐可以用来降低阿片类物质治疗疼痛的耐受和/或依赖,和治疗戒断综合征例如酒精、阿片类物质和可卡因戒断综合征。
制剂
可以口服施用本发明的化合物。口服施用可以包括吞咽,从而化合物进入胃肠道;或者可以采用颊或舌下施用,从而化合物从口部直接进入血流。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物还可以直接施用至血流,至肌肉或至内部器官。胃肠外施用的适宜手段包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌肉内和皮下。用于胃肠外施用的合适装置包括针(包括显微操作针)注射器、无针注射器和输注技术。
在另一个实施方案中,还可以配制本发明的化合物使得向皮肤或粘膜的局部施用(即,真皮地或透皮地)导致化合物的全身性吸收。在另一个实施方案中,还可以配制本发明的化合物使得鼻内或吸入施用导致化合物的全身性吸收。在另一个实施方案中,可以配制本发明的化合物使得直肠或阴道施用导致化合物的全身性吸收。
化合物和/或含化合物的组合物的剂量方案是基于多种因素,包括患者的类型、年龄、重量、性别和医学病症;病症的严重程度;施用途径;和所用具体化合物的活性。因而,剂量方案可以宽泛地变化。每天每千克体重约0.01mg至约100mg的级别的剂量水平可用于治疗上文所示的病症。在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物的总日剂量(以单次剂量或分次剂量施用)通常为约0.01至约100mg/kg。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物的总日剂量为约0.1至约50mg/kg,并且在另一个实施方案中,为约0.5至约30mg/kg(即,mg本发明的化合物/千克体重)。在一个实施方案中,剂量为0.01-10mg/kg/天。在另一个实施方案中,剂量为0.1-1.0mg/kg/天。剂量单元(unit)组合物可含有这样的量或其亚剂量以构成日剂量。在许多情况下,一天内重复施用化合物多次(通常不多于4次)。如果需要的话,每天多次剂量通常可用于增加总日剂量。
对于口服施用,可以以含有0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、25.0、50.0、75.0、100、125、150、175、200、250和500毫克活性成分的片剂的形式提供组合物,根据症状来调节患者的剂量。药物通常含有约0.01mg至约500mg活性成分,或在另一个实施方案中,约1mg至约100mg活性成分。对于静脉内施用,在恒定速率输注期间,剂量可在约0.1至约10mg/kg/分钟的范围内。
根据本发明的合适的受试者包括哺乳动物受试者。根据本发明的哺乳动物包括、但不限于犬科动物、猫科动物、牛科动物、山羊(caprine)、马科动物、绵羊、猪、啮齿类动物、兔类动物、灵长类动物等,且包括在子宫内的哺乳动物。在一个实施方案中,人类是合适的受试者。人受试者可为任意性别且处于任何发育阶段。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括一种或多种本发明的化合物在制备用于治疗本文中所述病症的药物的用途。
为治疗上文所提及的病症,可以以化合物本身的形式施用本发明的化合物。可替换地,药学上可接受的盐由于其相对于母体化合物的更大溶解度而适用于医学应用。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括药物组合物。这样的药物组合物包含与药学上可接受的载体一起提供的本发明的化合物。所述载体可为固体、液体或两者,并且可与化合物一起配制为剂量单元组合物,例如片剂,其可含有0.05重量%至95重量%的活性化合物。本发明的化合物可以与作为可靶向药物载体的合适聚合物配用。还可存在其它药理学活性物质。
可以通过任何合适途径施用本发明的化合物,优选地以适合这样的途径的药物组合物的形式,并且其剂量对期望治疗是有效的。例如,可以口服地、直肠地、胃肠外地或局部地(例如,鼻内或眼)施用活性化合物和组合物。
固体剂型的口服施用可以例如呈离散单元诸如硬或软胶囊剂、丸剂、扁囊剂、锭剂或片剂,各自含有预定量的至少一种本发明的化合物。在另一个实施方案中,口服施用可以呈粉末或颗粒形式。在另一个实施方案中,口服剂型是舌下,例如,锭剂。在这样的固体剂型中,本发明的化合物通常与一种或多种辅助剂组合。这样的胶囊剂或片剂可以含有控释制剂。在胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂的情况下,剂型也可以包含缓冲剂或可以用肠溶包衣制备。
在另一个实施方案中,口服施用可以呈液体剂型。用于口服施用的液体剂型包括,例如,药学上可接受的乳剂、溶液、混悬剂、糖浆剂和酏剂,其含有本领域常用的惰性稀释剂(例如,水)。这样的组合物也可以包含辅助剂诸如润湿剂、乳化剂、助悬剂、调味剂(例如、甜味剂)和/或芳香剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包含胃肠外剂型。“胃肠外施用”包括例如皮下注射、静脉内注射、腹膜内注射、肌肉内注射、胸骨内注射和输注。可注射的制剂(即,无菌的可注射的水性或油性混悬剂)可以根据已知技术使用合适的分散剂、润湿剂和/或助悬剂配制,并且包括贮库制剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包含局部剂型。“局部施用”包括例如,透皮施用,诸如经由透皮贴剂或离子透入装置,眼内施用,或鼻内或吸入施用。用于局部施用的组合物也包括例如局部凝胶、喷雾剂、软膏剂和乳膏剂。局部制剂可以包括增强活性成分通过皮肤或其它受影响区域的吸收或穿透的化合物。当通过透皮装置施用本发明的化合物时,将使用贮库和多孔膜类型的贴剂或固体基质类型的贴剂完成施用。用于此目的的典型制剂包括凝胶、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液、乳膏剂、软膏剂、扑粉剂、敷料、泡沫、薄膜、皮肤贴剂、糯米纸囊剂、植入物、海绵、纤维、绷带和微乳剂。也可以使用脂质体。典型的载体包括醇、水、矿物油、液体矿脂、白矿脂、甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。可以掺入穿透促进剂-参见,例如,Finnin和Morgan,J.Pharm.Sci.,88(10),955-958(1999)。
适合局部施用至眼的制剂包括例如滴眼剂,其中本发明的化合物溶解或悬浮于合适的载体中。适于眼或耳施用的典型制剂可以呈在等渗的、调节过pH的无菌盐水中微粒化的悬浮液或溶液的液滴的形式。适于眼和耳施用的其它制剂包括软膏剂、可生物降解的(例如,可吸收的凝胶海绵、胶原)和不可生物降解的(例如,有机硅)植入物、糯米纸囊剂、透镜和微粒或囊状系统,诸如类脂囊泡(niosomes)或脂质体。聚合物诸如交联聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、透明质酸、纤维素聚合物(cellulosic polymer)例如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素或甲基纤维素或杂多糖聚合物例如琼脂糖胶,可以与防腐剂诸如苯扎氯铵一起掺入。这样的制剂还可以通过离子透入法递送。
对于鼻内施用或通过吸入施用,本发明的活性化合物以溶液或悬浮液的形式从由患者挤压或泵送的泵喷雾容器方便地递送,或者使用合适的推进剂从加压容器或喷雾器作为气溶胶喷雾形式方便地递送。适于鼻内施用的制剂典型地以干粉形式(单独地;作为混合物,例如与乳糖的干燥掺合物;或作为混合组分颗粒,例如与磷脂诸如磷脂酰胆碱混合)从干粉吸入器施用,或者作为气溶胶喷雾从加压容器、泵、喷雾器、雾化器(优选用电流体动力学产生细雾的雾化器)或造雾器喷雾施用,其中用或不用合适的推进剂,诸如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷。对于鼻内应用,粉末可以包含生物粘附剂例如壳聚糖或环糊精。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包含直肠剂型。这样的直肠剂型可以呈例如栓剂的形式。可可脂是传统的栓剂基质,但可以在适当时使用各种替代物。
还可以使用药物领域已知的其它载体材料和施用模式。通过任何众所周知的药剂学技术诸如有效的配制和施用程序,可以制备本发明的药物组合物。关于有效的配制和施用程序的上述考虑是本领域众所周知的,并且描述于标准教科书中。在例如以下文献中讨论了药物的制剂:Hoover,John E.,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,MackPublishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania,1975;Liberman等人,编,Pharmaceutical DosageForms,Marcel Decker,New York,N.Y.,1980;和Kibbe等人,编,Handbook ofPharmaceutical Excipients(第3版),American Pharmaceutical Association,Washington,1999。
可以单独地或与其它治疗剂组合地使用本发明的化合物治疗各种病症或疾病状态。可以同时(在相同剂型中或在分开的剂型中)或依次施用本发明的化合物和其它治疗剂。一种示例性的治疗剂可以是例如促代谢的谷氨酸受体激动剂。
两种或更多种化合物的“组合”施用意指,在时间上足够接近地施用两种化合物,使得一种的存在改变另一种的生物学效果。可以同时地、并行地或依次地施用两种或更多种化合物。另外,可以如下进行同时施用:在施用之前混合所述化合物,或在相同时间点但在不同解剖学位点或用不同施用途径施用所述化合物。
短语“并行施用”、“共同施用”、“同时施用”和“同时地施用”是指,组合施用所述化合物。
本发明包括本发明的M4活化剂化合物与一种或多种额外的药学活性剂的组合的应用。如果施用活性剂的组合,那么它们可以在分开的剂型中依次或同时施用或组合在单个剂型中。因此,本发明还包括药物组合物,其包含一定量的:(a)包含本发明的化合物或所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐的第一试剂;(b)第二药学活性剂;和(c)药学上可接受的载体、媒介物或稀释剂。
根据待治疗的疾病、障碍或病症,可以选择各种药学活性剂用于与本发明的化合物组合使用。可以与本发明的组合物组合使用的药学活性剂包括、但不限于:
(i)乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,诸如盐酸多奈哌齐(ARICEPT,MEMAC),水杨酸毒扁豆碱(ANTILIRIUM),硫酸毒扁豆碱(ESERINE),美曲磷酯,新斯的明,更斯的明,吡斯的明(MESTINON),美斯的明(MYTELASE),demarcarium,Debio 9902(也被称作ZT-1;Debiopharm),利凡斯的明(EXELON),拉多替吉,NP-0361,氢溴酸加兰他敏(RAZADYNE,RIMINYL,NIVALIN),他克林(COGNEX),tolserine,马来酸维吖啶,memoquin,石杉碱甲(HUP-A;NeuroHitech),苯基丝氨酸(phenserine),滕喜隆(ENLON,TENSILON)和INM-176;
(ii)淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段),诸如与泛HLA DR-结合表位缀合的Aβ1-15(PADRE),ACC-001(Elan/Wyeth),ACI-01,ACI-24,AN-1792,Affitope AD-01,CAD106和V-950;
(iii)针对淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段)的抗体,诸如ponezumab,苏兰珠单抗,巴匹珠单抗(也被称作AAB-001),AAB-002(Wyeth/Elan),ACI-01-Ab7,BAN-2401,静脉内Ig(GAMMAGARD),LY2062430(人源化的m266;Lilly),R1450(Roche),ACU-5A5,huC091,和公开于国际专利公开号WO04/032868、WO05/025616、WO06/036291、WO06/069081、WO06/118959、美国专利公开号US2003/0073655、US2004/0192898、US2005/0048049、US2005/0019328、欧洲专利公开号EP0994728和1257584和美国专利号5,750,349中的那些;
(iv)淀粉样蛋白-降低剂或-抑制剂(包括减少淀粉样蛋白产生、蓄积和纤维化的那些)诸如dimebon,davunetide,eprodisate,亮丙瑞林,SK-PC-B70M,塞来考昔,洛伐他汀,anapsos,奥拉西坦,普拉西坦,伐尼克兰,尼麦角林,初乳激肽,bisnorcymserine(也被称作BNC),NIC5-15(Humanetics),E-2012(Eisai),吡格列酮,氯碘羟喹(也被称作PBT1),PBT2(Prana Biotechnology),氟比洛芬(ANSAID,FROBEN)及其R-对映异构体tarenflurbil(FLURIZAN),硝基氟比洛芬,非诺洛芬(FENOPRON,NALFON),布洛芬(ADVIL,MOTRIN,NUROFEN),赖氨酸布洛芬,甲氯芬那酸,甲氯灭酸钠(MECLOMEN),吲哚美辛(INDOCIN),双氯芬酸钠(VOLTAREN),双氯芬酸钾,舒林酸(CLINORIL),舒林酸硫化物,二氟尼柳(DOLOBID),萘普生(NAPROSYN),萘普生钠(ANAPROX,ALEVE),ARC031(Archer Pharmaceuticals),CAD-106(Cytos),LY450139(Lilly),胰岛素-降解酶(也被称作胰岛素溶酶),银杏提取物EGb-761(ROKAN,TEBONIN),曲米沙特(CEREBRIL,ALZHEMED),依罗沙特(FIBRILLEX,KIACTA),化合物W[3,5-双(4-硝基苯氧基)苯甲酸],NGX-96992,肾胰岛素残基溶酶(也被称作中性内肽酶(NEP)),鲨-肌醇(也被称作青蟹肌醇),阿托伐他汀(LIPITOR),辛伐他汀(ZOCOR),KLVFF-(EEX)3,SKF-74652,甲磺酸伊布莫仑,BACE抑制剂诸如ASP-1702,SCH-745966,JNJ-715754,AMG-0683,AZ-12304146,BMS-782450,GSK-188909,NB-533,E2609和TTP-854;γ分泌酶调节剂诸如ELND-007;和RAGE(高级糖化最终产物的受体)抑制剂,诸如TTP488(Transtech)和TTP4000(Transtech),和公开于美国专利号7,285,293的那些,包括PTI-777;
(v)α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,诸如胍法辛(INTUNIV,TENEX),可乐定(CATAPRES),间羟胺(ARAMINE),甲基多巴(ALDOMET,DOPAMET,NOVOMEDOPA),替扎尼定(ZANAFLEX),去氧肾上腺素(也被称作新福林),甲氧明,西拉唑啉,胍法辛(INTUNIV),洛非西定,赛拉嗪,莫达非尼(PROVIGIL),阿屈非尼和armodafinil(NUVIGIL);
(vi)β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂(β阻滞剂),诸如卡替洛尔,艾司洛尔(BREVIBLOC),拉贝洛尔(NORMODYNE,TRANDATE),氧烯洛尔(LARACOR,TRASACOR),吲哚洛尔(VISKEN),萘氧丙醇安(INDERAL),索他洛尔(BETAPACE,SOTALEX,SOTACOR),噻吗洛尔(BLOCADREN,TIMOPTIC),醋丁洛尔(SECTRAL,PRENT),纳多洛尔(CORGARD),酒石酸美托洛尔(LOPRESSOR),琥珀酸美托洛尔(TOPROL-XL),阿替洛尔(TENORMIN),布他沙明和SR59230A(Sanofi);
(vii)抗胆碱能药,诸如阿米替林(ELAVIL,ENDEP),布替林,甲磺酸苯扎托品(COGENTIN),苯海索(ARTANE),苯海拉明(苯那君),奥芬那君(NORFLEX),莨菪碱,阿托品(ATROPEN),东莨菪碱(TRANSDERM-SCOP),东莨菪碱甲基溴化物(PARMINE),双环维林(BENTYL,BYCLOMINE,DIBENT,DILOMINE),托特罗定(DETROL),奥昔布宁(DITROPAN,LYRINELXL,OXYTROL),喷噻溴铵,丙胺太林(PRO-BANTHINE),赛克力嗪,盐酸丙米嗪(TOFRANIL),马来酸丙米嗪(SURMONTIL),洛非帕明,地昔帕明(NORPRAMIN),多塞平(SINEQUAN,ZONALON),曲米帕明(SURMONTIL)和格隆溴铵(甘罗溴铵);
(viii)抗惊厥药,诸如卡马西平(TEGRETOL,CARBATROL),奥卡西平(TRILEPTAL),苯妥英钠(PHENYTEK),磷苯妥英(CEREBYX,PRODILANTIN),双丙戊酸钠(DEPAKOTE),加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN),普瑞巴林(LYRICA),托吡酯(topirimate)(TOPAMAX),丙戊酸(DEPAKENE),丙戊酸钠(DEPACON),1-苄基-5-溴尿嘧啶,普罗加胺,贝克拉胺,唑尼沙胺(TRERIEF,EXCEGRAN),CP-465022,瑞替加滨,他仑帕奈和扑米酮(MYSOLINE);
(ix)抗精神病药,诸如鲁拉西酮(LATUDA,也被称作SM-13496;DainipponSumitomo),阿立哌唑(ABILIFY),氯丙嗪(THORAZINE),氟哌啶醇(HALDOL),伊潘立酮(FANAPTA),癸酸氟哌噻吨(DEPIXOL,FLUANXOL),利血平(SERPLAN),匹莫齐特(ORAP),癸酸氟奋乃静,盐酸氟奋乃静,丙氯拉嗪(COMPRO),阿塞那平(SAPHRIS),洛沙平(LOXITANE),吗茚酮(MOBAN),奋乃静,硫利达嗪,替沃噻吨,三氟拉嗪(STELAZINE),雷美尔通,氯氮平(CLOZARIL),去甲氯氮平(ACP-104),利培酮(RISPERDAL),帕利哌酮(INVEGA),美哌隆,奥氮平(ZYPREXA),喹硫平(SEROQUEL),他奈坦,氨磺必利,齐拉西酮(GEODON),布南色林(LONASEN)和ACP-103(Acadia Pharmaceuticals);
(x)钙通道阻滞剂诸如洛美利嗪,齐考诺肽,尼伐地平(ESCOR,NIVADIL),diperdipine,氨氯地平(NORVASC,ISTIN,AMLODIN),非洛地平(PLENDIL),尼卡地平(CARDENE),硝苯地平(ADALAT,PROCARDIA),MEM 1003和它的母体化合物尼莫地平(NIMOTOP),尼索地平(SULAR),尼群地平,拉西地平(LACIPIL,MOTENS),乐卡地平(ZANIDIP),利法利嗪,地尔硫卓(CARDIZEM),维拉帕米(CALAN,VERELAN),AR-R 18565(AstraZeneca)和依奈卡定;
(xi)儿茶酚O-甲基转移酶(COMT)抑制剂,诸如硝替卡朋,托卡朋(TASMAR),恩他卡朋(COMTAN)和环庚三烯酚酮;
(xii)中枢神经系统兴奋剂,诸如阿托西汀,瑞波西汀,育亨宾,咖啡因,芬美曲秦,苯甲曲秦,匹莫林,芬坎法明(GLUCOENERGAN,REACTIVAN),芬乙茶碱(CAPTAGON),哌苯甲醇(MERETRAN),地阿诺(也被称作二甲基氨基乙醇),哌甲酯(DAYTRANA),盐酸哌甲酯(RITALIN),右哌甲酯(FOCALIN),苯丙胺(单独或与其它CNS兴奋剂例如ADDERALL(天冬氨酸苯丙胺、硫酸苯丙胺、蔗糖酸右苯丙胺和硫酸右苯丙胺)组合),硫酸右苯丙胺(DEXEDRINE,DEXTROSTAT),甲基苯丙胺(DESOXYN),利右苯丙胺(lisdexamfetamine)(VYVANSE)和苄非他明(DIDREX);
(xiii)皮质类固醇,诸如泼尼松(STERAPRED,DELTASONE),泼尼松龙(PRELONE),乙酸泼尼松龙(OMNIPRED,PRED MILD,PRED FORTE),泼尼松龙磷酸钠(ORAPRED ODT),甲泼尼龙(MEDROL);醋酸甲泼尼龙(DEPO-MEDROL)和甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠(A-METHAPRED,甲强龙);
(xiv)多巴胺受体激动剂,诸如阿扑吗啡(APOKYN),溴隐亭(PARLODEL),卡麦角林(DOSTINEX),dihydrexidine,双氢麦角隐亭,非诺多泮(CORLOPAM),利舒脲(DOPERGIN),terguride spergolide(PERMAX),吡贝地尔(TRIVASTAL,TRASTAL),普拉克索(MIRAPEX),喹吡罗,罗匹尼罗(REQUIP),罗替高汀(NEUPRO),SKF-82958(GlaxoSmithKline),cariprazine,pardoprunox和沙立佐坦;
(xv)多巴胺受体拮抗剂,诸如氯丙嗪,氟奋乃静,氟哌啶醇,洛沙平,利培酮,硫利达嗪,替沃噻吨,三氟拉嗪,丁苯那嗪(NITOMAN,XENAZINE),7-羟基阿莫沙平,氟哌利多(INAPSINE,DRIDOL,DROPLETAN),多潘立酮(MOTILIUM),L-741742,L-745870,雷氯必利,SB-277011A,SCH-23390,依考匹泮,SKF-83566和甲氧氯普胺(REGLAN);
(xvi)多巴胺重摄取抑制剂诸如安非他酮,沙芬酰胺,马来酸诺米芬辛(MERITAL),伐诺司林(也被称作GBR-12909)和它的癸酸酯DBL-583和氨奈普汀;
(xvii)γ-氨基-丁酸(GABA)受体激动剂,诸如巴氯芬(LIORESAL,KEMSTRO),siclofen,戊巴比妥(NEMBUTAL),普罗加胺(GABRENE)和氯美噻唑;
(xviii)组胺3(H3)拮抗剂诸如环丙沙芬,tiprolisant,S-38093,irdabisant,替洛利生,GSK-239512,GSK-207040,JNJ-5207852,JNJ-17216498,HPP-404,SAR-110894,反式-N-乙基-3-氟-3-[3-氟-4-(吡咯烷-1-基甲基)苯基]-环丁烷甲酰胺(PF-3654746以及公开于美国专利公开号US2005-0043354、US2005-0267095、US2005-0256135、US2008-0096955、US2007-1079175和US2008-0176925、国际专利公开号WO2006/136924、WO2007/063385、WO2007/069053、WO2007/088450、WO2007/099423、WO2007/105053、WO2007/138431和WO2007/088462和美国专利号7,115,600的那些);
(xix)免疫调节剂诸如醋酸格拉替雷(也被称作共聚物-1;COPAXONE),MBP-8298(合成的髓磷脂碱蛋白肽),富马酸二甲酯,芬戈莫德(也被称作FTY720),罗喹美克(利诺胺),拉喹莫德(也被称作ABR-215062和SAIK-MS),ABT-874(人抗-IL-12抗体;Abbott),利妥昔单抗(RITUXAN),阿仑珠单抗(CAMPATH),达克珠单抗(赛尼哌)和那他珠单抗(TYSABRI);
(xx)免疫抑制剂诸如甲氨蝶呤(TREXALL,RHEUMATREX),米托蒽醌(NOVANTRONE),吗替麦考酚酯(CELLCEPT),麦考酚酯钠(MYFORTIC),硫唑嘌呤(AZASAN,依木兰),巯基嘌呤(PURI-NETHOL),环磷酰胺(NEOSAR,CYTOXAN),苯丁酸氮芥(留可然),克拉屈滨(克拉立平,MYLINAX),甲胎蛋白,依那西普(ENBREL)和4-(苄氧基)-5-[(5-十一烷基-2H-吡咯-2-亚基)甲基]-1H,1'H-2,2'-联吡咯(也被称作PNU-156804);
(xxi)干扰素,包括干扰素β-1a(AVONEX,REBIF)和干扰素β-1b(BETASERON,BETAFERON);
(xxii)左旋多巴(或它的甲基或乙基酯),单独或与DOPA脱羧酶抑制剂(例如,卡比多巴(SINEMET、CARBILEV、PARCOPA)、苄丝肼(MADOPAR)、α-甲基多巴、一氟甲基多巴、二氟甲基多巴、溴克立新或间-羟基苄基肼)组合;
(xxiii)N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂,诸如美金刚(NAMENDA,AXURA,EBIXA),金刚烷胺(SYMMETREL),阿坎酸(CAMPRAL),贝生罗地,氯胺酮(KETALAR),德芦西明,地塞比诺,右依法克生,右美沙芬,右啡烷,曲索罗地,CP-283097,himantane,idantadol,伊培沙宗,L-701252(Merck),lancicemine,左啡诺(DROMORAN),LY-233536和LY-235959(均属于Lilly),美沙酮,(DOLOPHINE),奈拉美生,培净福太,苯环利定,噻奈普汀(STABLON),地佐环平(也被称作MK-801),EAB-318(Wyeth),伊波加因碱,老刺木碱,替来他明,利鲁唑(RILUTEK),阿替加奈(CERES0TAT),加维斯替奈和瑞马西胺;
(xxiv)单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂,诸如司来吉兰(EMSAM),盐酸司来吉兰(l-司来吉兰,ELDEPRYL,ZELAPAR),二甲基司来吉兰,溴法罗明,苯乙肼(NARDIL),反苯环丙胺(PARNATE),吗氯贝胺(AURORIX,MANERIX),贝氟沙通,沙芬酰胺,异卡波肼(MARPLAN),尼亚拉胺(NIAMID),雷沙吉兰(AZILECT),异丙烟肼(MARSILID,IPROZID,IPRONID),CHF-3381(Chiesi Farmaceutici),异丙氯肼,托洛沙酮(HUMORYL,PERENUM),二苯美伦,脱氧鸭嘴花碱,哈尔明碱(也被称作骆驼蓬碱或banasterine),哈马林,利奈唑胺(ZYVOX,ZYVOXID)和帕吉林(EUDATIN,SUPIRDYL);
(xxv)毒蕈碱受体(特别是M1亚型)激动剂,诸如西维美林,左乙拉西坦,氯贝胆碱(DUVOID,URECHOLINE),伊他美林,毛果芸香碱(SALAGEN),NGX267,槟榔碱,L-687306(Merck),L-689660(Merck),呋索碘铵(furtrethonium iodide)(FURAMON,FURANOL),苯磺酸呋索铵(furtrethonium benzensulfonate),对甲苯磺酸呋索铵,McN-A-343,氧代震颤素,沙可美林,AC-90222(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)和卡巴胆碱(CARBASTAT,MIOSTAT,CARBOPTIC);
(xxvi)神经保护性药物诸如博舒替尼,condoliase,阿莫氯醇(airmoclomol),拉莫三嗪,吡仑帕奈(perampanel),茴拉西坦(aniracetam),米那普令(minaprime),利鲁唑,N-羟基-1,2,4,9-四氢-3H-咔唑-3-亚胺,去氨普酶(desmoteplase),阿替班特(anatibant),虾青素,神经肽NAP(例如,AL-108和AL-208;均属于Allon Therapeutics),neurostrol,perampenel,异丙克兰(ispronicline),双(4-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基苄基)-2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2-异丁基酒石酸酯(也称为dactylorhin B或DHB),formobactin,扎利罗登(xaliproden)(XAPRILA),乳胞素,丹吡芙蓉盐酸盐(dimeboline hydrochloride)(DIMEBON),地舒芬通(disufenton)(CEROVIVE),阿伦酸(arundic acid)(ONO-2506,PROGLIA,CEREACT),胞磷胆碱(也称为胞苷5'-二磷酸胆碱),依达拉奉(RADICUT),AEOL-10113和AEOL-10150(均属于Aeolus Pharmaceuticals),AGY-94806(也称为SA-450和Msc-1),粒细胞集落刺激因子(也称为AX-200),BAY-38-7271(也称为KN-387271;Bayer AG),安克洛酶(VIPRINEX,ARWIN),DP-b99(D-Pharm Ltd),HF-0220(17-β-羟基表雄酮;NewronPharmaceuticals),HF-0420(也称为oligotropin),吡哆醛5'-磷酸(也被称作MC-1),微纤溶酶(microplasmin),S-18986,吡氯佐坦(piclozotan),NP031112,他克莫司,L-丝氨酰基-L-甲硫氨酰基-L-丙氨酰基-L-赖氨酰基-L-谷氨酰基-甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸,AC-184897(Acadia Pharmaceuticals),ADNF-14(National Institutes of Health),苯乙烯基吡啶亚硝酮(stilbazulenyl nitrone),SUN-N8075(Daiichi Suntory Biomedical Research)和唑南帕奈(zonampanel);
(xxvii)烟碱样受体激动剂,诸如地棘蛙素,安非他酮,CP-601927,伐尼克兰,ABT-089(Abbott),ABT-594,AZD-0328(AstraZeneca),EVP-6124,R3487(也被称作MEM3454;Roche/Memory Pharmaceuticals),R4996(也被称作MEM63908;Roche/MemoryPharmaceuticals),TC-4959和TC-5619(均属于Targacept)和RJR-2403;
(xxviii)去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine)(去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline))重摄取抑制剂,诸如阿托西汀(STRATTERA),多塞平(APONAL,ADAPIN,SINEQUAN),去甲替林(AVENTYL,PAMELOR,NORTRILEN),阿莫沙平(ASENDIN,DEMOLOX,MOXIDIL),瑞波西汀(EDRONAX,VESTRA),维洛沙秦(VIVALAN),马普替林(DEPRILEPT,LUDIOMIL,PSYMION),安非他酮(WELLBUTRIN)和radaxafine;
(xxix)磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂,包括、但不限于,(a)PDE1抑制剂(例如,长春西丁(CAVINTON,CERACTIN,INTELECTOL)和公开于美国专利号6,235,742的那些,(b)PDE2抑制剂(例如,赤式-9-(2-羟基-3-壬基)腺嘌呤(EHNA),BAY 60-7550,以及美国专利号6,174,884中描述的那些),(c)PDE3抑制剂(例如,阿那格雷、西洛他唑、米力农、奥普力农、帕罗格列(parogrelil)和匹莫苯旦(pimobendan)),(d)PDE4抑制剂(例如,阿普斯特(apremilast)、异丁司特(ibudilast)、罗氟司特(roflumilast)、咯利普兰、Ro 20-1724、异丁司特(ibudilast)(KETAS)、吡拉米司特(piclamilast)(也称为RP73401)、CDP840、西洛司特(cilomilast)(ARIFLO)、罗氟司特(roflumilast)、妥非司特(tofimilast)、奥米司特(oglemilast)(也称为GRC 3886)、替托司特(tetomilast)(也称为OPC-6535)、lirimifast、茶碱(UNIPHYL,THEOLAIR)、阿罗茶碱(arofylline)(也称为LAS-31025)、多索茶碱、RPR-122818或松叶菊碱(mesembrine)),和(e)PDE5抑制剂(例如,西地那非(VIAGRA,REVATIO)、他达拉非(CIALIS)、伐地那非(LEVITRA,VIVANZA)、乌地那非、阿伐那非(avanafil)、双嘧达莫(PERSANTINE)、E-4010、E-4021、E-8010、扎普司特(zaprinast)、罗地那非(iodenafil)、米罗那非、DA-8159、以及国际专利申请WO2002/020521、WO2005/049616、WO2006/120552、WO2006/126081、WO2006/126082、WO2006/126083和WO2007/122466中公开的那些),(f)PDE7抑制剂,(g)PDE8抑制剂,(h)PDE9抑制剂(例如,BAY 73-6691(Bayer AG)和美国专利公开号US2003/0195205,US2004/0220186、US2006/0111372、US2006/0106035和USSN 12/118,062(2008年5月9日提交)中公开的那些),(i)PDE10抑制剂,诸如2-({4-[1-甲基-4-(吡啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]苯氧基}甲基)喹啉-3(4H)-酮和SCH-1518291,和(j)PDE11抑制剂;
(xxx)喹啉类,诸如奎宁(包括其盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐和葡萄糖酸盐)、氯喹、甲基氯喹(sontoquine)、羟氯喹(PLAQUENIL)、甲氟喹(LARIAM)和阿莫地喹(CAMOQUIN,FLAVOQUINE);
(xxxi)β-分泌酶抑制剂,诸如ASP-1702,SCH-745966,JNJ-715754,AMG-0683,AZ-12304146,BMS-782450,GSK-188909,NB-533,LY-2886721,E-2609,HPP-854,(+)-苯基丝氨酸酒石酸盐(POSIPHEN),LSN-2434074(也被称作LY-2434074),KMI-574,SCH-745966,Ac-rER(N2-乙酰基-D-精氨酰基-L-精氨酸),洛克斯汀(loxistatin)(也被称作E64d)和CA074Me;
(xxxii)γ-分泌酶抑制剂和调节剂,诸如BMS-708163(Avagacest),WO20060430064(Merck),DSP8658(Dainippon),ITI-009,L-685458(Merck),ELAN-G,ELAN-Z,4-氯-N-[(2S)-3-乙基-1-羟基戊烷-2-基]苯磺酰胺;
(xxxiii)血清素(5-羟基色胺)1A(5-HT1A)受体拮抗剂,诸如螺哌隆,左旋-吲哚洛尔,BMY 7378,NAD-299,S-(-)-UH-301,NAN 190,来考佐坦(lecozotan);
(xxxiv)血清素(5-羟基色胺)2C(5-HT2c)受体激动剂,诸如戊卡色林(vabicaserin)和齐洛那平(zicronapine);
(xxxv)血清素(5-羟基色胺)4(5-HT4)受体激动剂,诸如PRX-03140(Epix);
(xxxvi)血清素(5-羟基色胺)6(5-HT6)受体拮抗剂,诸如A-964324,AVI-101,AVN-211,米安色林(TORVOL,BOLVIDON,NORVAL),甲硫替平(methiothepin)(也被称作甲替平),利坦色林,ALX-1161,ALX-1175,MS-245,LY-483518(也被称作SGS518;Lilly),MS-245,Ro04-6790,Ro 43-68544,Ro 63-0563,Ro 65-7199,Ro 65-7674,SB-399885,SB-214111,SB-258510,SB-271046,SB-357134,SB-699929,SB-271046,SB-742457(GlaxoSmithKline),LuAE58054(Lundbeck A/S)和PRX-07034(Epix);
(xxxvii)血清素(5-HT)重摄取抑制剂诸如阿拉丙酯,西酞普兰(CELEXA,CIPRAMIL),艾司西酞普兰(LEXAPRO,CIPRALEX),氯米帕明(ANAFRANIL),度洛西汀(CYMBALTA),非莫西汀(MALEXIL),芬氟拉明(PONDIMIN),去乙芬氟拉明(norfenfluramine),氟西汀(PROZAC),氟伏沙明(LUVOX),吲达品,米那普仑(IXEL),帕罗西汀(PAXIL,SEROXAT),舍曲林(ZOLOFT,LUSTRAL),曲唑酮(DESYREL,MOLIPAXIN),文拉法辛(EFFEXOR),齐美利定(NORMUD,ZELMID),比西发定,地文拉法辛(PRISTIQ),布索芬新(brasofensine),维拉佐酮(vilazodone),卡利拉嗪(cariprazine),neuralstem和特索芬辛(tesofensine);
(xxxviii)营养因子,诸如神经生长因子(NGF),碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF;厄索夫明),神经营养因子-3(NT-3),促心肌素-1,脑-衍生的神经营养因子(BDNF),神经鞘胚素(neublastin),镍纹蛋白(meteorin)和神经胶质-衍生的神经营养因子(GDNF)以及刺激营养因子产生的药物,诸如丙戊茶碱,艾地苯醌,PYM50028(COGANE;Phytopharm)和AIT-082(NEOTROFIN);
(xxxix)甘氨酸转运蛋白-1抑制剂诸如paliflutine,ORG-25935,JNJ-17305600和ORG-26041;
(xl)AMPA-型谷氨酸受体调节剂诸如吡仑帕奈(perampanel),mibampator,selurampanel,GSK-729327,N-{(3S,4S)-4-[4-(5-氰基噻吩-2-基)苯氧基]四氢-呋喃-3-基}丙烷-2-磺酰胺等;
(xli)Janus激酶抑制剂(JAK)例如,但不限于,托法替尼,鲁索替尼,巴瑞克替尼(baricitinib),CYT387,GLPG0634,来妥替尼,帕克替尼(pacritinib)和TG101348;
(xlii)白介素-1受体-相关的激酶4抑制剂(IRAK4)例如,但不限于,PF-06650833。
本发明还包括适用于实施上述治疗方法的试剂盒。在一个实施方案中,所述试剂盒含有第一剂型,该第一剂型包含一种或多种本发明的化合物和用于所述剂量的容器,其量足以实施本发明的方法。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的试剂盒包含一种或多种本发明的化合物。
这样的试剂盒的一个例子是所谓的泡罩包。泡罩包在包装工业中是众所周知的并且广泛用于包装药物单元剂型(片剂、胶囊剂等)。泡罩包通常由相对硬质的片材(sheet)组成,所述片材被透明塑料材料的箔材覆盖。在包装过程期间在塑料箔材中形成凹槽。所述凹槽具有待包装的片剂或胶囊剂的尺寸和形状。接着,将片剂或胶囊剂置于凹槽中并在与凹槽形成方向相反的箔材面使得相对硬质的片材靠着塑料箔材密封。作为结果,片剂或胶囊剂被密封在塑料箔材与片材之间的凹槽中。在一些实施方案中,片材具有的强度使得可以通过在凹槽上手工施压由此在凹槽位置处在片材中形成开口以从泡罩包取出片剂或胶囊剂。可以然后经由所述开口取出片剂或胶囊剂。
可能合乎需要的是,在试剂盒上提供记忆辅助器,例如在片剂或胶囊剂附近的数字的形式,其中所述数字对应应服用所指定的片剂或胶囊剂的方案的天数。这样的记忆辅助器(aid)的另一个例子是在卡片上印刷的日历,例如,如下“第一周,星期一,星期二,等....第二周,星期一,星期二,...”等。记忆辅助器的其它变化是容易明白的。“每日剂量”可以是要在给定日服用的单个片剂或胶囊剂或者数个丸剂或胶囊剂。另外,式I化合物的日剂量可以由一个片剂或胶囊剂组成,而第二化合物的日剂量可以由数个片剂或胶囊剂组成,反之亦然。记忆辅助器应当反映该信息。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,提供了分配器,其被设计成以其期望使用的顺序每次一个地分配日剂量。例如,分配器配有记忆辅助器以便进一步促进对方案的顺从。这样的记忆辅助器的一个例子是机械计数器,其指示已分配的日剂量的数目。这样的记忆辅助器的另一个例子是与液晶读出器耦联的电池供电的微芯片内存,或听得见的提醒信号,其例如读出服用上次日剂量的日期和/或提醒何时服用下一个剂量。
如上面所指出的,可以与一种或多种本文描述的额外抗精神分裂药组合使用本发明的化合物。当使用联合疗法时,一种或多种额外的抗精神分裂药可以与本发明的化合物依次或同时施用。在一个实施方案中,在施用本发明的化合物之前向哺乳动物(例如,人)施用额外的抗精神分裂药。在另一个实施方案中,在施用本发明的化合物之后向哺乳动物施用额外的抗精神分裂药。在另一个实施方案中,将额外的抗精神分裂药与本发明的化合物(或其N-氧化物或前述物质的药学上可接受的盐)同时施用至哺乳动物(例如,人)。
本发明还提供了用于治疗哺乳动物(包括人类)的精神分裂症的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含一定量的本发明的化合物(包括其N-氧化物或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的盐),其如前文所定义(包括所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的水合物、溶剂化物和多晶型物),和与之组合的一种或多种(例如,1至3种)抗精神分裂药诸如齐拉西酮、利培酮、奥氮平、喹硫平、阿立哌唑、阿塞那平、布南色林或伊潘立酮,其中所述活性剂和所述组合在整体服用时的量对治疗精神分裂症是治疗上有效的。
本发明还提供了用于治疗哺乳动物(包括人类)的M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含一定量的本发明的化合物(包括其N-氧化物或所述化合物或所述N-氧化物的盐),其如前文所定义(包括所述化合物、N-氧化物或前述物质的药学上可接受的盐的水合物、溶剂化物和多晶型物),和与之组合的一种或多种(例如,1至3种)用于治疗M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍的其它试剂,其中所述活性剂和所述组合在整体服用时的量对治疗M4介导的(或M4有关的)疾病或障碍是治疗上有效的。
应该理解,上述的本发明的化合物(式I、式Ia和式Ib)并不限于显示的特定立体异构体(例如对映异构体或阻转异构体),而是也包括全部立体异构体及其混合物。
一般方案
通过下面描述的方法,以及有机化学领域已知的合成方法,或本领域普通技术人员熟悉的修饰和转化,可以制备式I、IA、IB、IC和I’的化合物。本文中使用的起始原料是商购可得的,或可以通过本领域已知的常规方法制备[诸如公开于标准参考书诸如Compendiumof Organic Synthetic Methods,第I-XIII卷(Wiley-Interscience出版)中的那些方法]。优选的方法包括、但不限于下述的那些。
在以下合成顺序中的任一个期间,可能必须和/或需要保护涉及的任何分子上的敏感或反应基团。这可以借助于常规保护基实现,诸如在以下文献中描述的那些:T.W.Greene,Protective Groups inOrganic Chemistry,John Wiley&Sons,1981;T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley&Sons,1991;以及T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley&Sons,1999,它们特此通过引用并入。
根据下文讨论的反应方案,可以制备式I、IA、IB、IC和I’的化合物或它们的药学上可接受的盐。除非另有说明,否则方案中的取代基如上所定义。例如,在式IA中,m是2且n是1。在式IB中,m是1且n是2。在式IC中,m和n都是1。通过标准程序完成产物的分离和纯化,这是拥有普通技能的化学家已知的。
本领域技术人员将理解,在方案、方法和实施例中使用的各种符号、上标和下标为了表示方便而使用,和/或反映它们在方案中引入的顺序,并不意图必然对应于所附权利要求中的符号、上标或下标。另外,本领域技术人员会认识到,在许多情况下,这些化合物是混合物和对映异构体,其可以在合成方案的不同阶段使用常规技术(例如、但不限于结晶、正相色谱法、反相色谱法和手性色谱法)分离,以得到单一对映异构体。以下方案是可用于合成本发明的化合物的代表。它们不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
方案1
方案1表示用于制备式I的化合物的一种合成顺序。参考方案1,通过钯催化的Suzuki偶联反应,使用钯源、配体和碱的标准选择,在标准溶剂(例如但不限于乙腈、甲苯或乙醇)中,可以使化合物II与杂芳基溴偶联以产生化合物III,其中式II的X1、X2和R2取代基应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示,且R1表示芳基或5或6元杂芳基。Pd/配体/碱组合的例子包括、但不限于四(三苯基膦)钯(0)+碳酸钠和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)+二环己基膦基-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯+碳酸钾。保护基P1的除去产生化合物IV。保护基P1在该情况下表示本领域技术人员众所周知的用于胺保护的基团。例如,P1可以是叔丁氧基羰基(BOC),其可以在适当溶剂中通过酸性条件被切割,包括、但不限于用HCl在1,4-二烷中的溶液处理。可替换地,P1可以是适合胺的许多其它保护基之一,包括羧基苄基(Cbz)或苯甲酰基(Bz),且可以在本领域技术人员已知的标准条件下被切割。使用标准还原胺化规程,使用例如但不限于氰基硼氢化钠和乙醇钛(IV)的组合,在合适的溶剂中,可以偶联化合物IV和V以产生式I的外消旋化合物,其中m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示。通过例如手性色谱方法诸如HPLC或超临界流体色谱法进行手性分离,可以产生式I’的化合物。
方案2
方案2表示用于制备式I和I’的化合物的替代合成途径。参考方案2a,在有碱诸如碳酸钾存在下,在适当溶剂(包括、但不限于乙腈)中,化合物IV(其中式IV的X1、X2、R1和R2取代基应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示)可以置换对映异构地纯的化合物VI的磺酸酯,其中R3是芳基或烷基取代基,例如甲基或4-甲基苯基,且m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示。参考方案2b,化合物IV(其中X1、X2、R1和R2应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示)可以类似地置换手性化合物VII上的磺酸烷基酯以产生化合物VIII,其中R3是芳基或烷基取代基,且m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示。除去BOC基团,其可以在适当溶剂中通过酸性条件(包括、但不限于三氟乙酸在二氯甲烷中的溶液)被切割,随后用氯甲酸乙酯在二氯甲烷或其它适当溶剂中的溶液处理,产生式I’的化合物。可替代地,如在方案2c中所示,使用标准还原胺化规程,使用例如但不限于氰基硼氢化钠和乙醇钛(IV)的组合,在合适的溶剂中,可以使化合物IV(其中式IV的X1、X2、R1和R2取代基应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示)偶联至化合物IX(其中m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示),以产生通式X的化合物。除去BOC基团,其可以在适当溶剂中通过酸性条件(包括、但不限于三氟乙酸在二氯甲烷中的溶液)被切割,随后用氯甲酸乙酯在二氯甲烷或其它适当溶剂中的溶液处理,产生通式I的外消旋化合物。在手性分离(例如通过手性超临界流体色谱法或HPLC)以后,可以分离式I’的化合物。
方案3
方案3表示式Ia的化合物的制备。使用例如铜催化剂诸如碘化亚铜(I)、配体诸如(1R,2R)-N,N'-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺和碱诸如磷酸钾,在合适的溶剂诸如NMP中,通过Ullman偶联可以使化合物II(其中式II的X1、X2和R2取代基应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示)与XI(其中R4是小烷基或烷氧基)偶联以形成化合物XII。除去保护基P1,产生化合物XIII。P1在该情况下表示本领域技术人员众所周知的用于胺保护的基团。例如,P1可以是叔丁氧基羰基(BOC),其可以在适当溶剂中通过酸性条件被切割,包括、但不限于用HCl在1,4-二烷中的溶液处理。通过在有碱诸如碳酸钾存在下在适当溶剂(包括、但不限于乙腈)中手性磺酸酯化合物VI(其中R3是芳基或烷基取代基且m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示)与化合物XIII的反应,可以进行式Ia的化合物的合成。
方案4
方案4表示式Ib的化合物的制备。使用钯源诸如三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)、配体诸如RuPhos([2',6'-双(丙烷-2-基氧基)联苯-2-基](二环己基)磷烷)和合适的碱诸如叔丁醇钠,在1,4-二烷或其它合适的溶剂中,可以进行在化合物XIV(其中R2取代基应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示)和哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯之间产生化合物XV的交叉偶联反应。使用酸性条件(诸如但不限于HCl在1,4-二烷中的溶液)除去BOC基团,导致化合物XVI的形成。使用标准还原胺化规程,使用例如但不限于氰基硼氢化钠和乙醇钛(IV)的组合,在合适的溶剂中,可以偶联化合物XVI和V(其中m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示)以产生化合物XVII。使用合适的碱诸如氢化钠在合适的溶剂诸如DMF中用醇对化合物XVII的氟进行亲核置换(其中R5如上所述),得到式Ib的化合物。
方案5
方案5表示式I’的化合物的合成。通过Suzuki偶联反应,使用钯源、配体和碱的标准选择,在标准溶剂(例如但不限于乙腈、甲苯或乙醇)中,可以使化合物XVIII(其中X1、X2和R2取代基应当由在终产物或其受保护变体中期望的相同部分表示)与芳基或杂芳基硼酸偶联,以产生式XIX的化合物。Pd/配体/碱组合的例子包括、但不限于[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)和碳酸钠。除去保护基P1,产生化合物XX。P1可以是叔丁氧基羰基(BOC),其可以在适当溶剂中通过酸性条件被切割,包括、但不限于用HCl在1,4-二烷中的溶液处理。通过在有合适的碱诸如碳酸钾存在下在适当溶剂(包括、但不限于乙腈)中用化合物XX置换化合物VI的磺酸酯(其中R3是芳基或烷基取代基且m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示),可以进行式I’的化合物的合成。
方案6
方案6表示通式VI和VII的制备。参考方案6a,使用酸性介质,例如但不限于HCl在甲醇中的溶液,可以除去化合物IX上的BOC保护基,其中m和n独立地由选自1或2的整数表示。可以在溶剂诸如二氯甲烷中使粗制物质与氯甲酸乙酯和碱(诸如三乙胺)组合以形成式V的氨基甲酸乙酯。在适当的缓冲液中使用酶试剂诸如酮还原酶KRED-P3-G09和NADP+(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸),可以实现酮向对映异构地纯的醇XXI的还原。可替换地,例如,用还原剂诸如硼氢化钠也可以实现外消旋还原,且可以在稍后步骤中实现手性分离。在适当溶剂中,在有碱诸如三乙胺存在下,XXI与活化的烷基或芳基磺酰氯或酸酐的组合提供式VI的化合物。参考方案6b,在适当的缓冲液中使用酶试剂诸如酮还原酶KRED-P3-G09和NADP+(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸),可以实现化合物IX向对映异构地纯的醇XXII的酮还原。在合适的溶剂诸如二氯甲烷中烷基或芳基磺酰氯或酸酐与适当的碱诸如三乙胺和4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶(DMAP)的加成导致式VII的化合物的形成。在适当的酸性条件(例如但不限于三氟乙酸在二氯甲烷中的溶液)下可以进行BOC基团的除去,然后在碱性条件(例如三乙胺在二氯甲烷中的溶液)下用氯甲酸乙酯处理得到的粗制物质,导致式VI的化合物的形成。
本文中使用的术语“使……反应”(或“反应”或“反应的”)表示将指定的化学反应物加到一起使得发生化学转化,从而产生不同于最初引入系统中的任何化合物的化合物。可以在有或没有溶剂存在下发生反应。
式I的化合物可以作为立体异构体诸如阻转异构体、外消旋体、对映异构体或非对映异构体存在。用于制备/分离各对映异构体的常规技术包括从合适的光学纯的前体手性合成或使用例如手性高效液相色谱法(HPLC)拆分外消旋体。可替换地,外消旋体(或外消旋的前体)可以与合适的光学活性化合物例如醇反应,或在化合物含有酸性或碱性部分的情况下与酸或碱诸如酒石酸或1-苯基乙胺反应。得到的非对映异构体混合物可以通过色谱法和/或分步结晶分离,并且非对映异构体之一或两者通过本领域技术人员众所周知的方式转化成对应的纯的对映异构体。可以如下以对映异构地富集的形式获得式I的手性化合物(及其手性前体):使用色谱法、典型地HPLC,用混合溶剂系统诸如但不限于水性溶剂+乙腈,其中之一或两者可以含有添加剂诸如三氟乙酸、甲酸、浓氢氧化铵;或者使用超临界流体色谱法,用二氧化碳和有机溶剂诸如甲醇或乙腈的组合进行,任选地含有添加剂诸如二乙胺或氢氧化铵,在不对称树脂上使用由烃、典型地庚烷或己烷组成的流动相,其含有0%至50%2-丙醇,典型地2%至20%和0%至5%的烷基胺,典型地0.1%二乙胺。浓缩洗脱液,得到富集的混合物。通过本领域技术人员已知的常规技术可以分离立体异构混合体。参见,例如,E.L.Eliel和S.H.Wilen的Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds(Wiley,New York,1994),其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。合适的立体选择性技术是本领域普通技术人员众所周知的。
将通过具体实施例的方式更详细地描述本发明。下述实施例为了例证目的而提供,且无意以任何方式限制本发明。本领域技术人员会容易地认识到可以变化或改变以产生基本上相同结果的各种非关键参数。单独地或与本领域通常已知的技术组合地使用在这些实施例中举例说明的方法,可以制备在本发明范围内的额外化合物。在下述实施例和制备部分中,“DMSO”意指二甲亚砜,“N”在意指浓度的情况下是指克当量(Normal),“M”意指摩尔,“mL”意指毫升,“mmol”意指毫摩尔,“μmol”意指微摩尔,“eq.”意指当量,“℃”意指摄氏度,“MHz”意指兆赫,“HPLC”意指高效液相色谱法。
实验规程
下文举例说明本发明的各种化合物的合成。单独地或与本领域通常已知的技术组合地使用在这些实施例中举例说明的方法,可以制备在本发明范围内的额外化合物。
通常在惰性气氛(氮或氩)下进行实验,特别是在采用对氧或水分敏感的试剂或中间体的情况下。通常不经进一步纯化地使用商业溶剂和试剂。在适当的情况下采用无水溶剂,通常是来自Acros Organics的产品,来自Sigma-Aldrich的Sure/SealTM,或来自EMD Chemicals的产品。在其它情况下,将商业溶剂穿过用分子筛填充的柱,直至达到水的下述QC标准:a)二氯甲烷、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃<100ppm;b)甲醇、乙醇、1,4-二烷和二异丙胺<180ppm。对于非常敏感的反应,用金属钠、氢化钙或分子筛进一步处理溶剂,并且在即将使用前蒸馏。通常将产品在真空下干燥,然后转移至进一步反应或进行生物学试验。从液相色谱法-质谱法(LCMS)、大气压化学电离(APCI)或气相色谱法-质谱法(GCMS)仪器报告质谱数据。以参照所用氘化溶剂的残余峰的百万份数(ppm,δ)表达核磁共振(NMR)数据的化学位移。在一些实施例中,进行手性分离来分离本发明的某些化合物的对映异构体(在一些实施例中,分离的对映异构体根据其洗脱顺序命名为ENT-1和ENT-2)。在一些实施例中,使用旋光计测量对映异构体的旋光度。根据其观察到的旋光数据(或其比旋光数据),具有顺时针旋光的对映异构体被命名为(+)-对映异构体,且具有逆时针旋光的对映异构体被命名为(-)-对映异构体。通过(+/-)在结构旁的存在指示外消旋化合物;在这些情况下,指出的立体化学代表化合物的取代基的相对(而不是绝对)构型。
通常用LCMS跟踪通过可检测中间体进行的反应,并且在加入后续试剂之前使之进行至完全转化。对于参照在其它实施例或方法中的规程的合成,反应条件(反应时间和温度)可以变化。一般而言,在反应后进行薄层色谱法或质谱法,并且在适当时进行后处理。纯化可以在实验之间变化:一般而言,选择用于洗脱液/梯度的溶剂和溶剂比率以提供适当的Rf或保留时间。在这些制备和实施例部分中的全部起始原料是商购可得的,或可以通过本领域已知的或如本文中所述的方法制备。
使用由ACD/ChemSketch 2012,File Version C10H41,Build 69045(AdvancedChemistry Development,Inc.,Toronto,Ontario,加拿大)提供的命名约定,命名下面描述的化合物和中间体。由ACD/ChemSketch2012提供的命名约定是本领域技术人员众所周知的,且据信,由ACD/ChemSketch 2012提供的命名约定通常符合关于有机化学命名法(Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry)的IUPAC(International Union for Pure andApplied Chemistry)推荐和CAS索引规则。
制备P1
6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(P1)
在0℃将乙酰氯(88mL,1.24mol)加入甲醇(500mL),并将得到的溶液在密封容器中搅拌1小时。向氯化氢在甲醇中的该溶液中加入6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(20.0g,88.8mmol)和硫酸镁(20g)。将反应混合物在55℃搅拌2小时,此后将其冷却至室温,并在真空中浓缩。将残余物(18.4g)与二氯甲烷(700mL)混合并在剧烈搅拌下冷却至0℃。逐滴加入氯甲酸乙酯(30mL,310mmol)以后,将反应混合物用三乙胺(60mL,430mmol)逐滴处理并在0℃搅拌1.5小时。然后将其温热至室温并搅拌过夜。加入盐酸(1M;200mL,200mmol),并继续在室温搅拌10分钟。将有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液(200mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液)得到作为琥珀色油的产物。收率:13.2g,66.9mmol,75%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.13(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.92(AB四重峰,JAB=8.6Hz,ΔνAB=9.1Hz,4H),2.46(s,2H),2.33-2.27(m,2H),2.23-2.17(m,2H),1.25(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
制备P2
(6S)-6-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(P2)
步骤1.(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(C1)的合成.
该实验分2批进行。将6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(40.0g,178mmol)在2-丙醇(64mL,840mmol)中的混合物在50℃加热直到形成溶液。在30℃和600rpm搅拌下给Mettler EasyMax反应器装入缓冲液[磷酸钾水溶液,pH 7.5(0.1M,含有2mM氯化镁)](280mL)。加入酮还原酶KRED-P3-G09(800mg)和NADP+(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸)(80mg),并将得到的混合物搅拌10分钟。将底物的热溶液缓慢地加入,同时维持反应温度低于33℃。使用额外的2-丙醇(10mL和6mL)漂洗底物烧瓶。使反应搅拌速率增加至600rpm,并以100cc/分钟的速率应用氮气喷射针(sparge needle)。定期取出等分试样:将大约80μL反应混合物与氘代氯仿(920μL)混合,并将样品涡旋,离心,并将有机层通过1HNMR进行分析。23小时以后,加入额外的酮还原酶KRED-P3-G09(200mg)和NADP+(20mg)作为在pH 7.5缓冲液(4mL)中的溶液,随后加入2-丙醇(20mL)。额外的22小时以后,将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(400mL)稀释并搅拌50分钟,此后加入硅藻土(25g),并将混合物搅拌额外10分钟。然后将其穿过硅藻土(25g)过滤,并将滤垫用乙酸乙酯(200mL)漂洗。使用该200mL滤液从最初过滤物(filtration)萃取水层,并将合并的有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩以得到棕色油(39.6g)。然后将两批在二氯甲烷(600mL)中合并,用硅胶(150g)处理并在真空中浓缩用于色谱法。硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液;产物在大约50%乙酸乙酯开始洗脱)得到作为固体的产物。合并的收率:63.4g,279mmol,78%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.39-4.33(m,1H),3.87(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=41.1Hz,2H),3.80-3.74(m,2H),2.12-2.01(m,2H),1.97-1.77(m,3H),1.69-1.59(m,1H),1.44(s,9H)。分析得到>99%的ee(对映体过量)[超临界流体色谱法.柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-3,100x3.0mm,3μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:[含有0.2%(7M的氨在甲醇中的溶液)的甲醇];梯度:5%B保持1.0分钟,然后5%至15%B历时7.0分钟;流速:2.0mL/分钟;反压(back pressure):1800psi]。
关于C1的指示的绝对立体化学的分配,参见下面[(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(C1)与(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(C2)的立体化学关联]。
步骤2.(6S)-6-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(P2)的合成.
将三乙胺(13.5mL,96.9mmol)和4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶(295mg,2.41mmol)加入C1(11.0g,48.4mmol)在二氯甲烷(400mL)中的溶液中。然后加入甲磺酰氯(8.40mL,108mmol){警告:放热}并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。在真空中除去溶剂以后,将残余物与二氯甲烷混合并过滤;将滤液在减压下浓缩并通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液)纯化以得到作为油的产物。收率:14.6g,47.8mmol,99%。LCMS m/z 328.2[M+Na+]1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.19-5.14(m,1H),3.93(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.85-3.78(m,3H),3.00(s,3H),2.26(br d,AB四重峰的一半,J=14.4Hz,1H),2.16(dd,ABX图谱的组分,J=14.6,6.0Hz,1H),2.13-1.99(m,3H),1.92-1.83(m,1H),1.44(s,9H)。
制备P3
(6S)-6-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(P3)
将P2(14.6g,47.8mmol)在二氯甲烷(250mL)和三氟乙酸(55mL,710mmol)中的混合物在室温搅拌2小时。将反应混合物在真空中浓缩,并将残余物用二氯甲烷(250mL)稀释,并依次用氯甲酸乙酯(9.10mL,95.2mmol)和三乙胺(26.7mL,192mmol)处理。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时以后,将它在减压下浓缩并使用硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液)纯化。得到作为黄色油的产物,其通过1H NMR分析不是完全纯的。收率:13.1g,47.2mmol,99%。LCMS m/z 278.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ5.20-5.15(m,1H),4.12(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.00(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.91-3.85(m,3H),3.00(s,3H),2.29(br d,AB四重峰的一半,J=14.8Hz,1H),2.20-2.02(m,4H),1.93-1.85(m,1H),1.25(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
制备P4
(6S)-6-{[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]氧基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(P4)
步骤1.(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(C2)的合成.
给Mettler EasyMax反应器装入含有酮还原酶KRED-P3-G09(60mg)和NADP+(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸)(6mg)的缓冲液[磷酸钾水溶液,pH 7.0(0.1M,含有2mM氯化镁)](8.0mL)。使用额外的缓冲液(2.5mL)漂洗玻璃器皿,并加入反应混合物。然后与2-丙醇漂洗液(1.5mL)一起加入P1(1.5g,7.6mmol)在2-丙醇(1.5mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物用10SCCM(标准立方厘米/分钟)的氮气流在300rpm和30℃搅拌。定期取出等分试样:将大约50μL反应混合物与氘代氯仿(0.75mL)混合,并将样品涡旋,离心,并将有机层通过1H NMR进行分析。当反应已经达到大约80%转化率时,使氮气流速增加至25SCCM,并使反应继续过夜。加入乙酸乙酯(15mL),并将得到的混合物剧烈搅拌10分钟,此后将其用硅藻土(1.5g)处理并穿过湿硅藻土垫(1.5g)过滤。已经用乙酸乙酯(5mL)洗涤滤垫以后,将合并的滤液的水层与乙酸乙酯(15mL)混合,剧烈搅拌5分钟,并倾倒穿过滤垫。再次使用乙酸乙酯(5mL)洗涤滤垫,并以相同的方式萃取来自这些滤液的水层。将来自这些操作的合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:20%至80%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液)得到作为淡黄色油的产物。分析得到>99%的ee(对映体过量){超临界流体色谱法.柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD,250x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相:85:15二氧化碳/[含有0.2%(7M的氨在甲醇中的溶液)的甲醇];流速3.0mL/分钟;反压:120巴}。收率:1.20g,6.02mmol,79%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.41-4.33(m,1H),4.10(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.93(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=42.3Hz,2H),3.86-3.80(m,2H),2.13-2.02(m,2H),1.98-1.78(m,3H),1.70-1.6(m,1H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.42(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),1.24(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。基于C2向P4和然后向6的转化,分配指示的绝对立体化学(参见下面实施例6的替代合成)。
步骤2.(6S)-6-{[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]氧基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(P4)的合成.
将4-甲基苯磺酸酐(6.29g,19.3mmol)加入C2(通过P1的生物还原合成,参见前面步骤;3.20g,16.1mmol)在吡啶(80mL)中的0℃混合物中。加入4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶(196mg,1.60mmol)以后,将反应混合物搅拌过夜,同时融化冰浴。在该点的LCMS分析指示产物的存在:LCMS m/z 354.3[M+H]+。已经在真空中浓缩反应混合物以后,将它用硫酸氢钠水溶液(10%;100mL)稀释;然后将水层依次用乙醚(150mL)和用二氯甲烷(150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层在减压下浓缩并通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液)纯化,得到作为油的产物。收率:4.54g,12.8mmol,80%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),5.01-4.92(br m,1H),4.09(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.87(AB四重峰,JAB=8.6Hz,ΔνAB=32.4Hz,2H),3.82-3.76(m,2H),2.46(s,3H),2.12(br d,AB四重峰的一半,J=14.8Hz,1H),2.09-1.96(m,2H),1.94-1.86(m,2H),1.85-1.76(m,1H),1.24(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。通过它在下面在实施例6的替代性合成中的应用,确立该物质的指示的绝对构型。证实6的该样品与在下述X-射线晶体结构测定中使用的物质相同。
(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(C1)与(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(C2)的立体化学关联
6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(C3)的合成.
将硼氢化钠(95mg,2.5mmol)一次性加入P1(280mg,1.42mmol)在甲醇(10mL)中的溶液{警告:放热}。已经将反应混合物搅拌2小时以后,将它用盐酸(1M;5mL)稀释并在室温搅拌5分钟。然后加入水(5mL),并将水层用二氯甲烷(2x 30mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩以得到作为油的产物。收率:233mg,1.17mmol,82%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.41-4.34(m,1H),4.10(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.93(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=41.9Hz,2H),3.86-3.80(m,2H),2.14-2.02(m,2H),1.98-1.78(m,3H),1.70-1.6(m,1H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.45-1.32(br s,1H),1.24(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤1.(6S)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-醇盐酸盐(C4)的合成.
将氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;8mL,32mmol)加入C1(512mg,2.25mmol)在乙酸乙酯(12mL)中的混合物中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌3小时。在真空中除去溶剂,得到产物,将其不经纯化地用于下一反应。
步骤2.(6S)-6-羟基-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(来自C1的C2)的合成.
将氯甲酸乙酯(0.258mL,2.70mmol)逐滴加入C4(来自前面步骤,≤2.25mmol)和三乙胺(0.943mL,6.76mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的混合物中。已经将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时以后,将其用盐酸(1M;10mL)稀释并在室温搅拌5分钟。将水层用二氯甲烷(15mL)萃取,并将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在庚烷中的溶液)得到作为油的产物。通过1H NMR分析,该物质不是完全纯的。收率:100mg,0.502mmol,经2个步骤22%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ4.34-4.26(br m,1H),4.06(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.89(AB四重峰,JAB=8.6Hz,ΔνAB=44.8Hz,2H),3.81-3.75(m,2H),2.09-1.96(m,2H),1.93-1.82(m,2H),1.82-1.73(m,1H),1.66-1.56(m,1H),1.20(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
以下述方式证实来自KRED-P3-G09还原(制备P4)的C1和C2的绝对立体化学是相同的。将化合物C1转化成来自C1的样品C2(上面步骤1和2)。通过超临界流体色谱法[柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,250x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:含有0.2%(7M的氨在甲醇中的溶液)的甲醇;梯度:5%B保持1.0分钟,然后5%至40%B历时8.0分钟;流速:3.0mL/分钟;反压:1800psi],检查C2(C3)的外消旋体。两种对映异构体在4.57和4.94分钟的保留时间洗脱。来自KRED-P3-G09对P1的还原(制备P4)的C2的样品在相同色谱条件下提供了4.9分钟的保留时间,来自C1的C2的样品也是如此。
实施例1、2和3
6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(1),6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1(2)和6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯ENT-2(3)
步骤1. 4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯的合成(C5).
将四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(89mg,77μmol)在甲苯(5mL)和乙醇(2mL)中的溶液加入4-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(dioxaborolan)-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(300mg,0.771mmol)、2-溴-5-甲氧基吡嗪(146mg,0.772mmol)和碳酸钠水溶液(2M,10mL)的混合物中。将反应混合物在微波辐射下在100℃搅拌3小时,此后将其在真空中浓缩。[参考该方法的实验经常使用标准加热,在60℃或更高。]使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至40%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)纯化残余物,得到作为黄色固体的产物。收率:260mg,0.700mmol,91%。LCMS m/z 372.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.80-8.72(br s,1H),8.33(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.33-8.28(m,1H),7.86(br d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.08-7.01(m,1H),4.03(s,3H),3.50-3.41(br m,4H),3.21-3.05(br m,4H),1.46(s,9H)。
步骤2. 2-甲氧基-5-[2-(哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-3-基]吡嗪,四盐酸盐(C6)的合成.将氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;3mL,12mmol)加入C5(260mg,0.700mmol)在乙腈(6mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时。在真空中除去溶剂,得到作为黄色油的产物,将其直接用在下一步中。通过1H NMR分析,该物质不是完全纯的。收率:290mg,0.695mmol,99%。LCMS m/z 272.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),仅产物峰:δ9.57-9.42(br m,2H),8.77(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.30(dd,J=5.1,1.7Hz,1H),7.98(dd,J=7.3,1.5Hz,1H),7.22(dd,J=7.5,5.3Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H),3.36-3.28(br m,4H),3.12-3.04(br m,4H)。
步骤3. 6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(1)的合成.
将C6(220mg,0.527mmol)和三乙胺(1.0mL,7.2mmol)在二氯甲烷(40mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌30分钟,此后加入P1(156mg,0.791mmol),随后加入乙醇钛(IV)(1.5mL,7.2mmol)。已经将反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时以后,加入氰基硼氢化钠(490mg,7.80mmol),随后加入甲醇(6mL),并继续在室温搅拌另外4小时。然后加入水(4mL),并将得到的混合物在真空中浓缩。使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)进行纯化,随后进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela Technologies C18;流动相A:含有0.05%氢氧化铵的水;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:45%至60%B)。将产物分离为浅黄色固体。收率:170mg,0.376mmol,71%。LCMS m/z 453.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.76(br s,1H),8.32(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=4.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=7.5,1.8Hz,1H),6.99(dd,J=7.5,5.0Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.04(s,3H),3.86(AB四重峰,低磁场双峰增宽,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=22.5Hz,2H),3.81-3.74(m,2H),3.29-3.10(br m,4H),2.67-2.40(br m,5H),2.11(dd,J=12,7Hz,1H),2.02-1.45(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤4.分离6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1(2)和6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2(3).
通过反相HPLC[柱:Chiral Technologies ChiralCel OD,10μm;流动相:4:1己烷/乙醇]将1(150mg,0.331mmol)分离为其组分对映异构体。然后将分离的对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela Technologies C18;流动相A:含有0.1%氢氧化铵的水;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:0%至60%B)以得到作为黄色固体的产物。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为2,第二洗脱的对映异构体命名为3。
2-收率:40mg,88μmol,27%。LCMS m/z 453.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.76(br s,1H),8.32(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=7.5,1.8Hz,1H),6.99(dd,J=7.3,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.03(s,3H),3.86(AB四重峰,低磁场双峰增宽,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=22.5Hz,2H),3.80-3.74(m,2H),3.30-3.10(br m,4H),2.69-2.41(br m,5H),2.11(dd,J=12.5,6.8Hz,1H),2.00-1.48(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。保留时间:3.52分钟(分析条件.柱:Chiral TechnologiesChiralCel OD-H,150x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相:80:20:0.1己烷/乙醇/二乙胺;流速:1.0mL/分钟)。
3-收率:43mg,95μmol,29%。LCMS m/z 453.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.75(br s,1H),8.32(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=4.9,2.0Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=7.5,1.8Hz,1H),6.99(dd,J=7.3,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.04(s,3H),3.93-3.86(br m,1H),3.84(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.80-3.75(m,2H),3.33-3.06(br m,4H),2.71-2.35(br m,5H),2.18-2.06(m,1H),2.04-1.45(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。保留时间:4.53分钟(分析条件与为2使用的那些条件相同)。
实施例4
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(4)
步骤1. 4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(C7)的合成.
将乙醇(30mL)和碳酸钠(8.85g,83.5mmol)在水(33mL)中的溶液加入4-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(13.0g,33.4mmol)和4-溴-1,3-噻唑(6.57g,40.1mmol)在甲苯(180mL)中的混合物中。然后加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(2.69g,2.33mmol),并将反应混合物在90℃搅拌12小时。在真空中除去溶剂以后,使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至60%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)纯化残余物以得到作为浅黄色固体的产物。收率:7.00g,20.2mmol,60%。LCMS m/z 347.1[M+H]+。
步骤2. 1-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪(C8)的合成.将氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;50mL,200mmol)加入0℃的C7(11.0g,31.8mmol)在乙腈(100mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时,此后将其过滤。将收集的固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤,并然后悬浮于二氯甲烷(150mL)和甲醇(25mL)的混合物中。加入碳酸钾(20g,145mmol),并将混合物在室温搅拌16小时,然后过滤。将滤饼用二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物(10:1,60mL)洗涤,并将合并的滤液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩以得到作为黄色油的产物。通过1H NMR分析,该物质不是完全纯的。收率:7.5g,30mmol,94%。LCMS m/z 247.1[M+H]+。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),仅产物峰:δ9.19(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.22(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),8.10(dd,J=7.5,1.8Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=7.5,4.8Hz,1H),2.97-2.91(m,4H),2.80-2.73(m,4H)。
步骤3.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(C9)的合成.
以2个相同批进行该实验。将C8(1.10g,4.47mmol)、P2(1.91g,6.25mmol)和碳酸钾(1.54g,11.1mmol)在乙腈(20mL)中的混合物放在密封容器中并在95℃加热16小时,此后将其在真空中浓缩。硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)得到作为浅黄色油的产物。合并的收率:1.70g,3.73mmol,42%。LCMS m/z 456.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.20(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.23(dd,J=4.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.20(br s,1H),8.10(brd,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.06(dd,J=7.3,4.6Hz,1H),3.76-3.58(br m,4H),3.07-2.96(br m,4H),2.64-2.39(m,5H,假定;大部分被溶剂峰掩蔽),2.07-1.96(m,1H),1.87-1.69(m,3H),1.69-1.57(m,1H),1.50-1.4(m,1H),1.36(s,9H)。
步骤4.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷(C10)的合成.
将三氟乙酸(15mL)加入C9(6.00g,13.2mmol)在二氯甲烷(120mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时。然后将其在真空中浓缩,并将残余物溶解在二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物(9:1,150mL)中;加入碳酸钠(15g),并将得到的混合物在室温搅拌3小时。然后将混合物过滤,并将滤液在减压下浓缩,得到作为黄色油的产物。收率:4.50g,12.7mmol,96%。LCMS m/z 356.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.15-9.13(m,1H),8.31-8.27(m,1H),8.16-8.13(m,1H),8.07(br d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.18-7.12(m,1H),3.69(br d,AB四重峰的一半,J=12Hz,1H),3.65-3.49(m,5H),[3.40-3.24(m)和3.16-3.07(m),总7H,假定;部分地被溶剂峰掩蔽],2.41-2.28(m,2H),2.02-1.81(m,3H),1.72-1.63(br m,1H)。
步骤5.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(4)的合成.将氯甲酸乙酯(3.66g,33.7mmol)加入0℃的C10(4.00g,11.2mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(8.73g,67.5mmol)的混合物中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌3小时。已经将反应混合物倒入水中以后,将其用二氯甲烷(2x 50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层浓缩并通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)纯化以得到浅黄色胶质(gum)(2.1g);将该物质使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至20%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)重新纯化以得到作为褐色泡沫的产物。收率:1.77g,4.14mmol,37%。LCMS m/z428.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.88(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.26(dd,J=4.7,2.0Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=7.4,2.0Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.98(dd,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.86(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=20.8Hz,2H),3.79(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=6.0Hz,2H),3.21-3.15(m,4H),2.62-2.48(br m,5H),2.12(dd,J=12.7,6.8Hz,1H),1.98-1.78(m,3H),1.72(dd,J=12.7,9.6Hz,1H),1.61-1.50(m,1H),1.24(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
实施例5
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(5)
步骤1. 4-[3-(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(C11)的合成.在8个相同批中进行该实验。
向4-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(400mg,1.03mmol)在乙腈(20mL)中的混合物中加入2-二环己基膦基-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯(XPhos;147mg,0.308mmol),随后加入2-溴-1,3,4-噻二唑(203mg,1.23mmol)、碳酸钠(163mg,1.54mmol)、水(4mL)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(94.0mg,0.103mmol)。将反应混合物在密封容器中在100℃搅拌7小时,此后将其在真空中浓缩并通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至80%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)纯化以得到浅黄色油(550mg)。将来自所有8个反应的产物合并和进行硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至70%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液),得到作为浅黄色固体的产物。合并的收率:1.20g,3.45mmol,42%。LCMS m/z 348.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.20(s,1H),8.50(dd,J=7.7,1.8Hz,1H),8.47(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.19(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz,1H),3.61(dd,J=5,5Hz,4H),3.10(dd,J=5,5Hz,4H),1.48(s,9H)。
步骤2. 1-[3-(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪(C12)的合成.将氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;15mL,60mmol)加入C11(1.10g,3.17mmol)在乙腈(30mL)中的混合物中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌3小时。在真空中除去溶剂以后,将残余物与乙酸乙酯一起研磨以得到白色固体(1.0g)。将该物质溶解于二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物(10:1,150mL),并用碳酸钾(5.0g,36.2mmol)处理;将该混合物在室温搅拌16小时以后,将其过滤。将滤液经硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩以得到作为浅黄色固体的产物。收率:700mg,2.83mmol,89%。LCMS m/z248.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.20(s,1H),8.52-8.45(m,2H),7.17(dd,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),3.14-3.04(m,8H)。
步骤3.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(5)的合成.
将C12(700mg,2.83mmol)、P3(1.23g,4.43mmol)和碳酸钾(511mg,3.70mmol)在乙腈(20mL)中的混合物放在密封容器中并在100℃搅拌16小时。然后将反应混合物在真空中浓缩并使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)纯化以得到作为白色固体的产物。收率:400mg,0.933mmol,33%。LCMS m/z 429.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.20(s,1H),8.47-8.41(m,2H),7.14(dd,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.88(AB四重峰,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=21.7Hz,2H),3.83-3.76(m,2H),3.25-3.12(br m,4H),2.73-2.55(br m,5H),2.13(dd,J=12.6,7.0Hz,1H),2.02-1.51(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
实施例6和7
(6R)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(6)和(6S)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(7)
步骤1. 6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(C13)的合成.将6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯(2.00g,8.88mmol)、1-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪,三盐酸盐(2.71g,8.96mmol)、三乙胺(7.38mL,52.9mmol)、氰基硼氢化钠(3.35g,53.3mmol)和硫酸镁(3.21g,26.7mmol)在乙醇(50mL)中的悬浮液在45℃搅拌16小时。然后将反应混合物在真空中浓缩至干燥;硅胶色谱法(洗脱液:1:10甲醇/二氯甲烷)得到作为浅黄色油的产物,将其不经纯化地用于下一步。LCMS m/z 403.1[M+H]+。
步骤2. 6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷,三氟乙酸盐(C14)的合成.
将三氟乙酸(20mL)以逐滴方式加入C13(来自前面步骤;≤8.88mmol)在二氯甲烷(80mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在10℃搅拌2小时,此后将其在减压下浓缩至干燥,得到作为浅黄色油的产物,将其直接用在下一步中。LCMS m/z 302.9[M+H]+。
步骤3. 6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(C15)的合成.向C14(来自前面步骤,≤8.88mmol)和三乙胺(12.3mL,88.2mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中的溶液中加入氯甲酸乙酯(2.89g,26.6mmol)。将反应混合物在10℃搅拌16小时,此后将其在真空中浓缩至干燥。通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至9%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)进行纯化,随后进行反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Gemini C18,10μm;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:25%至44%B)。然后将得到的物质再次进行硅胶色谱法(乙酸乙酯洗脱液,随后是0%至9%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液梯度),以得到作为白色固体的产物。收率:1.68g,4.49mmol,经3个步骤51%。LCMS m/z 375.2[M+H]+。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.80(dd,J=5.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.29(dd,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H),6.98(dd,J=8.0,5.0Hz,1H),4.08(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.99-3.78(m,4H),3.87(s,3H),3.68-3.44(brm,4H),3.41-3.3(m,1H,假定;部分地被溶剂峰掩蔽),3.28-3.11(br m,4H),2.40(dd,J=13.0,8.0Hz,1H),2.22-2.11(m,1H),2.10-2.00(m,1H),2.00-1.90(m,2H),1.83-1.70(m,1H),1.23(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
步骤4.分离(6R)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(6)和(6S)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(7).
通过超临界流体色谱法{柱:Phenomenex Lux Amylose-1,5μm;流动相:4:1二氧化碳/[含有0.2%(7M的氨在乙醇中的溶液)的乙醇];反压:120巴},将C15(1.67g,4.46mmol)分离成其组分对映异构体。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为6,第二洗脱的对映异构体命名为7。基于在6的盐酸盐上进行的X-射线结构测定,分配指示的绝对构型(参见下面)。
6-收率:394mg,1.05mmol,24%。保留时间:5.80分钟{分析条件.柱:PhenomenexLux Amylose-1,250x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:[含有0.2%(7M的氨在乙醇中的溶液)的乙醇];梯度:5%保持1分钟,然后5%至60%B历时8.0分钟;流速:3.0mL/分钟;反压:120巴}。
7-收率:453mg,1.21mmol,27%。LCMS m/z 375.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87(br d,J=4.7Hz,1H),7.03(br d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.83(dd,J=8.0,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.90(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.86-3.82(m,1H),3.84(s,3H),3.79(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=8.4Hz,2H),3.47-3.39(br m,4H),2.71-2.57(brm,5H),2.14(dd,J=12.9,7.0Hz,1H),1.99-1.81(m,3H),1.77(dd,J=12.5,9.8Hz,1H),1.67-1.55(m,1H),1.24(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。保留时间:6.68分钟(分析条件与为6使用的那些条件相同)。
为了单晶X-射线结构测定将6转化成其盐酸盐(6·HCl)
将氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;6.3μL,25μmol)加入在1打兰瓶(dramvial)中的6(9.5mg,25μmol)在乙醇(254μL)中的溶液中。将瓶用手摇动30秒以后,将它无遮盖地静置18小时。在此时,乙醇已经蒸发,剩下6·HCl的小针形晶体,将其中之一如下通过单晶X-射线结构测定进行分析。
6·HCl的单晶X-射线结构测定
单晶X-射线分析
在-150℃在Bruker APEX衍射仪上进行数据收集。数据收集由omega和phi扫描组成。
在空间群P212121中在斜方类别中使用SHELX软件套件通过直接方法解析该结构。随后通过全矩阵最小二乘法方法精修该结构。使用各向异性位移参数发现并精修所有非氢原子。
从傅里叶差别图发现作为质子受体的位于氮上的氢原子,并用受限的距离精修。将氢原子放在计算的位置并使其骑在其载体原子上。最终的精修包括所有氢原子的各向同性位移参数。
应用经由Platon的挤压算法以消除坐在对称性中心上的可能混乱的乙酸乙酯溶剂的观察到的残余电子密度。一致性因子提高了1.7%。
使用PLATON(Spek)进行使用似然法对绝对结构的分析(Hooft,2008)。结果指示,绝对结构已正确分配。该方法计算出结构正确的概率是1.000。Hooft参数报告为0.035,具有0.011的esd。
不对称单位包含质子化的6的2个分子(2+)、2个氯离子(2-)和1个水分子(半占据)。最终的R-指数为5.3%。最终的差别傅里叶揭示没有缺失或错位的电子密度。
相关的晶体、数据收集和精修信息总结在表A中。原子坐标、键长、键角和位移参数列于表B-D中。
软件和参考文献
SHELXTL,5.1版,Bruker AXS,1997.
PLATON,A.L.Spek,J.Appl.Cryst.2003,36,7-13.
MERCURY,C.F.Macrae,P.R.Edington,P.McCabe,E.Pidcock,G.P.Shields,R.Taylor,M.Towler,和J.van de Streek,J.Appl.Cryst.2006,39,453-457.
OLEX2,O.V.Dolomanov,L.J.Bourhis,R.J.Gildea,J.A.K.Howard,和H.Puschmann,J.Appl.Cryst.2009,42,339-341.
R.W.W.Hooft,L.H.Straver,和A.L.Spek,J.Appl.Cryst.2008,41,96-103.
H.D.Flack,Acta Cryst.1983,A39,867-881.
表A.6·HCl的晶体数据和结构精修.
表B.6·HCl的原子坐标(x 104)和等效各向同性位移参数U(eq)定义为正交化Uij张量的迹线(trace)的三分之一。
表C.6·HCl的键长和键角[°].
用于生成等效原子的对称变换。
表D.6·HCl的各向异性位移参数各向异性位移因子指数采用以下形式:-2π2[h2 a*2U11+...+2h k a*b*U12]。
实施例6的替代合成
(6R)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(6)
将1-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪,盐酸盐(130mg,0.566mmol)、P4(240mg,0.679mmol)、碳酸钾(313mg,2.26mmol)和乙腈(2.3mL)放在密封容器中并在90℃加热过夜。已经将反应混合物冷却至室温以后,将它吸附到硅胶上并通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至20%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)纯化,得到作为浅棕色油的产物。收率:80mg,0.21mmol,37%。LCMS m/z 375.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(dd,J=4.9,1.4Hz,1H),7.03(dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=8.0,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.91(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.87-3.83(m,1H),3.85(s,3H),3.80(AB四重峰,JAB=8.2Hz,ΔνAB=8.4Hz,2H),3.48-3.39(br m,4H),2.69-2.56(br m,5H),2.15(dd,J=12.9,7.0Hz,1H),2.00-1.80(m,3H),1.76(dd,J=12.7,9.6Hz,1H),1.65-1.53(m,1H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
如下通过与用于制备上述X-射线晶体结构样品的物质(6-X-射线制备)的对比,确立该合成的物质(6-替代合成)的指示的绝对构型。使用超临界流体色谱法{柱:PhenomenexLux Amylose-1,250x 4.6mm,5μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:[含有0.2%(7M的氨在甲醇中的溶液)的甲醇;梯度:5%B保持1.0分钟,然后5%至60%B历时8.0分钟;流速:3.0mL/分钟;反压:120巴}检查外消旋体C15。关于两种对映异构体,观察到2个峰:1个在5.82分钟,且1个在6.54分钟。在相同条件下,6-替代合成产生了5.83分钟的保留时间,且6-X-射线制备产生了5.83分钟的保留时间,从而确立两种样品具有相同的绝对立体化学。
实施例8
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(8)
步骤1. 4-[3-(吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(C16)的合成.将在甲苯(80mL)、乙醇(30mL)和水(3mL)的混合物中的4-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(6.00g,15.4mmol)、2-溴吡嗪(2.7g,17mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(1.78g,1.54mmol)和碳酸钾(6.39g,46.2mmol)的混合物在100℃搅拌16小时。然后将反应混合物在真空中浓缩,并通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至50%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)纯化残余物以得到作为黄色胶质的产物。收率:5.00g,14.6mmol,95%。LCMS m/z 342.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.22(br s,1H),8.68(dd,J=2.4,1.5Hz,1H),8.51(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.35(dd,J=4.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J=7.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.06(dd,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),3.46-3.39(m,4H),3.16-3.07(br m,4H),1.45(s,9H)。
步骤2. 2-[2-(哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-3-基]吡嗪(C17)的合成.将C16(5.30g,15.5mmol)和氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;15.5mL,62mmol)在二氯甲烷(60mL)和甲醇(20mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌2小时,并随后在40℃加热1小时。在真空中除去溶剂以后,将残余物溶解在甲醇(100mL)中,用碳酸钾(12.0g,86.8mmol)处理,并在室温搅拌1小时。将混合物在减压下浓缩,并使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)纯化残余物以得到产物。收率:2.90g,12.0mmol,77%。LCMS m/z 242.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.18(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.74(dd,J=2.6,1.6Hz,1H),8.57(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.30(dd,J=4.9,2.0Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=7.6,2.0Hz,1H),7.07(dd,J=7.5,4.8Hz,1H),2.95-2.90(m,4H),2.67-2.62(m,4H)。
步骤3.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(8)的合成.
将C17(2.50g,10.4mmol)、P4(5.13g,14.5mmol)和碳酸钾(4.3g,31.1mmol)在乙腈(25mL)中的混合物放在密封容器中并在100℃搅拌48小时。在真空中除去溶剂以后,将残余物用水(150mL)稀释,并用乙酸乙酯(3x 100mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在真空中浓缩,并通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)纯化以得到作为黄色胶质的产物。收率:2.90g,6.86mmol,66%。LCMS m/z 423.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.23(br s,1H),8.66(dd,J=2.4,1.5Hz,1H),8.48(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.33(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.88(dd,J=7.5,1.8Hz,1H),7.03(dd,J=7.3,4.9Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.85(AB四重峰,低磁场双峰增宽,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=22.7Hz,2H),3.79-3.74(m,2H),3.32-3.09(br m,4H),2.69-2.38(br m,5H),2.10(dd,J=12.5,6.8Hz,1H),2.01-1.46(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
实施例9
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(4-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(9)
步骤1. 4-[3-(4-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(C18)的合成.
将4-(3-溴吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(400mg,1.17mmol)、4-甲基-1H-吡唑(144mg,1.75mmol)、碘化亚铜(I)(copper(I)iodide)(22mg,0.12mmol)、(1R,2R)-N,N'-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺(34mg,0.24mmol)和磷酸钾(746mg,3.51mmol)在1-甲基吡咯烷-2-酮(4mL)中的混合物放在密封容器中并在140℃搅拌16小时。将反应混合物在真空中浓缩,并对残余物进行硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至100%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液),得到作为浅黄色固体的产物(160mg),将其直接用在下一步中。通过1H NMR分析,该物质不是完全纯的。LCMS m/z344.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ8.24(dd,J=4.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.78-7.76(m,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.54(br s,1H),6.97(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz,1H),3.46-3.38(m,4H),2.97-2.89(m,4H),2.16(s,3H),1.46(s,9H)。
步骤2. 1-[3-(4-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪(C19)的合成.将C18(来自前面步骤;160mg,≤0.466mmol)和氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;0.5mL,2mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌3小时,此后将其在真空中浓缩。将残余物溶解在甲醇(20mL)中,用碳酸钾(200mg,1.45mmol)处理,在室温搅拌20分钟,并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至70%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)纯化,得到作为浅黄色固体的产物。收率:60mg,0.25mmol,经2个步骤21%。LCMS m/z 244.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.24(dd,J=4.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.70(dd,J=7.6,1.7Hz,1H),7.66(br s,1H),7.54(br s,1H),7.01(dd,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),3.27-3.20(m,4H),3.16-3.08(m,4H),2.17(s,3H)。
步骤3.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(4-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(9)的合成.
将C19(60mg,0.25mmol)、P4(131mg,0.371mmol)和碳酸钾(102mg,0.738mmol)在乙腈(3mL)中的混合物放在密封容器中并在100℃搅拌48小时。在真空中除去溶剂以后,先后通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至20%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)和反相HPLC(柱:Waters XBridge C18,5μm;流动相A:含有0.05%氢氧化铵的水;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:40%至50%B)纯化残余物。将产物分离为浅黄色固体。收率:25mg,59μmol,24%。LCMS m/z425.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.23(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.73(br s,1H),7.68(dd,J=7.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.52(br s,1H),6.93(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.86(AB四重峰,低磁场双峰增宽,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=21.4Hz,2H),3.78(AB四重峰,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=6.0Hz,2H),3.09-2.94(br m,4H),2.62-2.39(br m,5H),2.17(s,3H),2.11(dd,J=12.7,6.8Hz,1H),1.99-1.48(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
实施例10
6-{4-[2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(10)
步骤1. 4-(2-氟吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(C20)的合成.将3-溴-2-氟吡啶(10.0g,56.8mmol)、哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(12.7g,68.2mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(2.60g,2.84mmol)、[2',6'-双(丙烷-2-基氧基)联苯-2-基](二环己基)磷烷(RuPhos;2.67g,5.72mmol)和叔丁醇钠(11.0g,114mmol)在1,4-二烷(150mL)中的混合物在110℃搅拌16小时。已经在真空中浓缩反应混合物以后,将残余物用乙酸乙酯(300mL)稀释,依次用水(2x 150mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(150mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。硅胶色谱法(梯度:50%至100%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)得到作为棕色胶质的产物。收率:5.20g,18.5mmol,33%。LCMS m/z 282.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(ddd,J=4.9,1.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.30-7.23(m,1H),7.12(ddd,J=7.8,4.8,1.4Hz,1H),3.61(br dd,J=5.1,5.1Hz,4H),3.06(br dd,J=5.1,4.9Hz,4H),1.50(s,9H)。
步骤2. 1-(2-氟吡啶-3-基)哌嗪,盐酸盐(C21)的合成.向C20(5.20g,18.5mmol)在二氯甲烷(20mL)中的溶液中加入氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4.0M;18.5mL,74.0mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌4小时,此后将其在真空中浓缩以得到作为浅棕色固体的粗产物,将其不经纯化地用于下一步。通过1H NMR分析,该物质不是完全纯的。LCMS m/z 182.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),仅产物峰:δ9.7-9.4(br m,2H),7.80(br d,J=4.9Hz,1H),7.58(ddd,J=10.9,7.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.29(ddd,J=7.7,4.9,1.2Hz,1H),3.33-3.15(m,8H)。
步骤3. 6-[4-(2-氟吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(C22)的合成.将C21(来自前面步骤;≤18.5mmol)、P1(4.00g,18.4mmol)、乙醇钛(IV)(16.8g,73.6mmol)和三乙胺(9.3g,92mmol)在二氯甲烷(80mL)和甲醇(80mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌过夜。然后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(19.5g,92.0mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌另外3小时。将反应用水(10mL)淬灭,这产生白色沉淀物;然后将混合物经硫酸钠干燥和过滤。将滤垫用乙酸乙酯(100mL)洗涤,并将合并的滤液在真空中浓缩。硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:50%至100%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)得到作为白色胶质的产物。收率:2.4g,6.6mmol,经2个步骤36%。LCMS m/z 363.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.81(ddd,J=4.9,1.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.29(ddd,J=10.3,7.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.13(ddd,J=7.8,4.8,1.3Hz,1H),4.10(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.90(AB四重峰,JAB=8.6Hz,ΔνAB=30.4Hz,2H),3.80(AB四重峰,JAB=8.3Hz,ΔνAB=7.6Hz,2H),3.31(br dd,J=4.9,4.6Hz,4H),3.11-2.98(br m,5H),2.24(dd,ABX图谱的一半,J=13.1,7.7Hz,1H),2.18-2.09(m,1H),2.08-1.82(m,4H),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤4. 6-{4-[2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(10)的合成.将在四氢呋喃(1mL)中的氢化钠(60%的在矿物油中的分散体;32mg,0.80mmol)加入0℃的2,2,2-三氟乙醇(75mg,0.75mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中的溶液并将得到的混合物在0℃搅拌30分钟。加入C22(90mg,0.25mmol)在四氢呋喃(1mL)中的溶液,并将反应混合物在50℃搅拌16小时,此后将其用乙酸乙酯(30mL)稀释,依次用水(2x 10mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(10mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Gemini C18,5μm;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:0%至100%B)得到作为浅黄色胶质的产物。收率:29.5mg,66.7μmol,27%。LCMS m/z 443.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76(dd,J=4.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.14(dd,J=7.7,1.6Hz,1H),6.94(dd,J=7.6,4.9Hz,1H),4.81(q,JHF=8.6Hz,2H),4.11(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.89(AB四重峰,低磁场双峰增宽,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=23.3Hz,2H),3.81(AB四重峰,JAB=8.2Hz,ΔνAB=9.6Hz,2H),3.25-3.07(br m,4H),2.79-2.57(br m,5H),2.18(br dd,J=12,7Hz,1H),2.04-1.52(m,5H,假定;部分地被水峰遮蔽),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
实施例11
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-5-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(11)
步骤1. 4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-5-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(C23)的合成.向5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1,3-噻唑(848mg,4.02mmol)和4-(3-氯吡嗪-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(1.00g,3.35mmol)在甲苯(35mL)中的混合物中加入水(5mL)和碳酸钠(1.06g,10.0mmol),随后加入[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(245mg,0.335mmol)。然后将反应容器密封并在100℃加热16小时。在真空中除去溶剂以后,通过硅胶上的色谱法(梯度:0%至90%的乙酸乙酯在石油醚中的溶液)纯化残余物以得到作为黄色油的产物。收率:500mg,1.44mmol,43%。LCMS m/z 348.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.0-8.8(br s,1H),8.8-8.6(br s,1H),8.23(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.68-3.57(br m,4H),3.24-3.14(br m,4H),1.48(s,9H)。
步骤2. 2-(哌嗪-1-基)-3-(1,3-噻唑-5-基)吡嗪,盐酸盐(C24)的合成.
将氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液(4M;3mL,12mmol)加入C23(500mg,1.44mmol)在乙腈(9mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时。然后将其在真空中浓缩,并将残余物与乙酸乙酯一起研磨以得到作为黄色固体的产物。收率:330mg,1.16mmol,81%。LCMS m/z 248.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),特征峰:δ8.36(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.32(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.40-3.33(br m,4H),3.32-3.23(br m,4H)。
步骤3.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-5-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯(11)的合成.将C24(游离碱;120mg,0.485mmol)、P3(242mg 0.873mmol)和碳酸钾(67mg,0.48mmol)在乙腈(4mL)中的混合物在密封容器中在95℃搅拌16小时。在真空中浓缩以后,先后使用硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)和反相HPLC(柱:Phenomenex Gemini C18,5μm;流动相A:0.1%的甲酸在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:12%至20%B)纯化残余物。将产物分离为浅黄色胶质。收率:30mg,70μmol,14%。LCMS m/z429.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.88(s,1H),8.68(s,1H),8.22(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.11(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.89(AB四重峰,JAB=8.4Hz,ΔνAB=27.7Hz,2H),3.83-3.77(m,2H),3.44-3.29(br m,4H),2.90-2.77(br m,5H),2.18(dd,J=13.0,7.3Hz,1H),2.05-1.70(m,5H),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
使用上面关于实施例1–11描述的方法和在表中指出的类似的起始原料,合成了实施例12-53。关于采用的具体方法、以及这些实施例的表征数据,参见表1。
表1.实施例12–56的制备方法、结构和物理化学数据.
N.D.=未测定
1.将2-氧代-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸叔丁酯用氯化氢在1,4-二烷中的溶液处理以除去保护基;随后与氯甲酸乙酯反应,得到必需的2-氧代-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸乙酯。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.15(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.63-3.43(br m,4H),3.05(brAB四重峰,JAB=17Hz,ΔνAB=38Hz,4H),2.08(dd,J=6.8,6.8Hz,2H),1.27(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
2.在该情况下,使用[1,1′-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(Pd-118)和碳酸铯或碳酸钾进行Suzuki偶联。
3.在该情况下,用氰基硼氢化钠、N,N-二异丙基乙胺和硫酸镁进行还原胺化。
4.分析型HPLC的条件.柱:Waters XBridge C18,2.1x 50mm,5μm;流动相A:0.0375%的三氟乙酸在水中的溶液;流动相B:0.01875%的三氟乙酸在乙腈中的溶液;梯度:1%至5%B历时0.6分钟;5%至100%B历时3.4分钟;流速:0.8mL/分钟。
5.在该情况下,使用6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯替代P1。将得到的6-{4-[3-(嘧啶-5-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯用三氟乙酸去保护,然后与碳酸1-氯乙基乙基酯反应以得到实施例14。
6.在该情况下,使用[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)和碳酸钾进行Suzuki偶联。
7.使用在实施例10中描述的将3-溴-2-氟吡啶转化成C21的方法,从3-溴-2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶合成必需的1-[2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪。
8.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak IG;流动相:7:3己烷/乙醇)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体,首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例19。然后对两种对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela Technologies C18;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:0%至100%B)。在分析型HPLC(柱:ChiralTechnologies Chiralpak IG,4.6x 150mm,5μm;流动相:7:3己烷/乙醇;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例19表现出5.25分钟的保留时间。实施例19的对映异构体,6-{4-[2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2,在相同条件下具有6.08分钟的保留时间。实施例19的对映异构体,LCMS m/z 411.2[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,201nM(3个测定);M4Emax 74%(3个测定)。
9.使用在实施例10中描述的将3-溴-2-氟吡啶转化成C21的方法,从3-溴-2-(三氟甲氧基)吡啶合成必需的1-[2-(三氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪。
10.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OD,10μm;流动相:90:10己烷/乙醇)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例20。然后将两种对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela Technologies C18;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:0%至100%B)。在分析型HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OD-H,4.6x 150mm,5μm;流动相:90:10己烷/乙醇;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例20表现出4.31分钟的保留时间。实施例20的对映异构体,6-{4-[2-(三氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2,在相同条件下具有4.93分钟的保留时间。实施例20的对映异构体,LCMS m/z 429.2[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,3600nM(2个测定);M4 Emax 95.3%(2个测定)。
11.在该情况下,起始原料1-(3-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪是商购可得的。
12.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OZ-H,5μm;流动相:80:20:0.1己烷/乙醇/二乙胺)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例21。然后将两种对映异构体单独地进行反相HPLC(柱:C18;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:70%至75%B)。在分析型HPLC(柱:ChiralTechnologies Chiralcel OZ-H,4.6x 150mm,5μm;流动相:80:20:0.1己烷/乙醇/二乙胺;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例21表现出5.29分钟的保留时间。实施例21的对映异构体,6-[4-(3-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2,在相同条件下具有6.04分钟的保留时间。实施例21的对映异构体,LCMS m/z359.3[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,>241nM(4个测定);M4 Emax 76.2%(3个测定)。
13.在有二氯双(三环己基膦)钯(II)和磷酸三钾存在下4-(3-溴吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯和环丙基硼酸的Suzuki反应提供了必需的4-(3-环丙基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
14.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,5μm;流动相:100:0.1乙醇/二乙胺)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例22。然后将两种对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela Technologies C18;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:甲醇;梯度:5%至80%B)。在分析型HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,4.6x 250mm,5μm;流动相:100:0.1乙醇/二乙胺;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例22表现出12.00分钟的保留时间。实施例22的对映异构体,6-[4-(3-环丙基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2,在相同条件下具有14.94分钟的保留时间。实施例22的对映异构体,LCMS m/z 385.2[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,11.6nM(6个测定);M4 Emax 103%(6个测定)。
15.在该情况下,用三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠进行还原胺化。
16.通过超临界流体色谱法[柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak IG,5μm;流动相7:3二氧化碳/(含有0.2%1-氨基丙烷-2-醇的2-丙醇)]将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。第二洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例23。在分析型HPLC[柱:Phenomenex LuxCellulose-4,4.6x 250mm,5μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:含有0.2%(7M的氨在甲醇中的溶液)的乙醇;梯度:5%B保持1.00分钟,然后5%至60%B历时8.00分钟;流速:3.0mL/分钟;反压:120巴]上,实施例23表现出7.31分钟的保留时间。实施例23的对映异构体,2-[4-(5-氰基-2,3’-联吡啶-2’-基)哌嗪-1-基]-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1,在相同条件下具有7.01分钟的保留时间。实施例23的对映异构体,LCMS m/z447.3[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,>10,000nM(1个测定);M4 Emax,未测定。
17.在该情况下,使用6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯替代P1。将得到的6-[4-(5-氰基-2,3’-联吡啶-2’-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯用三氟乙酸去保护,然后与氯甲酸乙酯反应以得到实施例24。
18.哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯与2,3-二溴-5-氟吡啶和碳酸钾的反应提供了4-(3-溴-5-氟吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。在有四(三苯基膦)钯(0)和氟化铯存在下对该物质进行与4-(三丁基锡烷基)-1,3-噻唑的Stille偶联以得到必需的4-[5-氟-3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
19.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,5μm;流动相:1:1己烷/乙醇)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例26。在分析型HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,4.6x 250mm,5μm;流动相:1:1己烷/乙醇;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例26表现出7.81分钟的保留时间。实施例26的对映异构体,6-{4-[5-氟-3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2,在相同条件下具有16.42分钟的保留时间。实施例26的对映异构体,LCMSm/z 446.2[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,152nM(4个测定);M4 Emax 67.1%(4个测定)。
20.通过哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯与适当的氯-取代的杂芳族反应物的反应,合成必需的4-取代的哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
21.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OJ,10μm;流动相:90:10:0.1己烷/乙醇/二乙胺)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。第二洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例27。然后将两种对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela TechnologiesC18;流动相A:0.05%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:甲醇;梯度:0%至100%B)。在分析型HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OJ-H,4.6x 150mm,5μm;流动相:90:10:0.1己烷/乙醇/二乙胺;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例27表现出5.19分钟的保留时间。实施例27的对映异构体,6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1,在相同条件下具有4.42分钟的保留时间。实施例27的对映异构体,LCMS m/z376.2[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4EC50,>10,000nM(1个测定);M4 Emax,未测定。
22. 4-(3-溴吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯与适当的胺、叔丁醇钠、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)和4,5-双(二苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基呫吨(Xantphos)的反应提供了偶联产物,将其使用三氟乙酸去保护。对得到的仲胺进行用P1、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠和N,N-二异丙基乙胺的还原胺化,以得到实施例。
23.分析型HPLC的条件.柱:Waters Atlantis dC18,4.6 x 50 mm,5μm;流动相A:0.05%的三氟乙酸在水中的溶液(v/v);流动相B:0.05%的三氟乙酸在乙腈中的溶液(v/v);梯度:5.0%至95%B,线性历时4.0分钟;流速:2 mL/分钟。
24. 6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯与乙酰氯在甲醇中的反应提供了6,6-二甲氧基-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷。用氯甲酸乙酯和三乙胺处理,随后用盐酸进行缩酮去保护,得到必需的6-氧代-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸乙酯。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ4.19(s,4H),4.14(q,J=7.0 Hz,2H),3.31(s,4H),1.26(t,J=7.0 Hz,3H)。
25.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak IG,5μm;流动相:50/50/0.1己烷/乙醇/二乙胺)将外消旋的实施例33分离成其对映异构体。首先洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例34。然后将两种对映异构体单独地进行硅胶色谱法(梯度:0%至10%的甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液)。在分析型HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak IG,4.6x 150mm,5μm;流动相:1:1己烷/乙醇;流速:1.0 mL/分钟)上,实施例34表现出9.66分钟的保留时间。实施例34的对映异构体,6-{4-[3-(1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2,在相同条件下具有15.53分钟的保留时间。实施例34的对映异构体,LCMS m/z 429.2[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4EC50,347 nM(3个测定);M4Emax 72.3%(3个测定)。
26.分析型HPLC的条件.柱:Waters XBridge C18,2.1 x 50 mm,5μm;流动相A:0.0375%的三氟乙酸在水中的溶液;流动相B:0.01875%的三氟乙酸在乙腈中的溶液;梯度:10%至100%B历时4.0分钟;流速:0.8 mL/分钟。
27.通过反相HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OD,10μm;流动相:3:2己烷/乙醇)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。第二洗脱的对映异构体命名为实施例41。然后将两种对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法(柱:Agela Technologies C18;流动相A:0.1%的氢氧化铵在水中的溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:10%至60%B)。在分析型HPLC(柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralcel OD-H,4.6x 150mm,5μm;流动相:7:3己烷/乙醇;流速:1.0mL/分钟)上,实施例41表现出6.02分钟的保留时间。实施例41的对映异构体,6-{4-[3-(5-氰基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1,在相同条件下具有4.96分钟的保留时间。实施例41的对映异构体,LCMS m/z 448.3[M+H]+,表现出下述生物学数据:M4 EC50,268nM(3个测定);M4 Emax 52.7%(3个测定)。
28. 4-(3-氯吡嗪-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯与吗啉和碳酸钾的反应提供了必需的4-[3-(吗啉-4-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
29. 4-(3-氯吡嗪-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯与4-甲氧基哌啶和碳酸钾的反应提供了必需的4-[3-(4-甲氧基哌啶-1-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
30.使用消旋-BINAP-Pd-G3(Aldrich,目录号804967)、1,1'-二萘-2,2'-二基双(二苯基磷烷)和叔丁醇钠进行4-(3-溴吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯和2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷的偶联。将产物用三氟乙酸去保护以得到必需的6-[2-(哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-3-基]-2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷。
31.在该情况下,使用[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)和碳酸氢钠进行Suzuki偶联。
32.在该情况下,将羟基吡嗪作为(4-甲氧基苄基)氧基衍生物引入。使5-溴吡嗪-2-醇与1-(氯甲基)-4-甲氧基苯和碳酸银反应以得到2-溴-5-[(4-甲氧基苄基)氧基]吡嗪,将其用在偶联反应中。采用三氟乙酸介导的去保护除去叔丁氧基羰基;这也除去了4-甲氧基苄基部分。
33.在有碳酸铯和碘化钾存在下4-碘-1H-吡唑与适当的卤代烷基反应物的反应提供了必需的1-取代的4-碘-1H-吡唑。
34.使用[1,1′-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(Pd-118)和磷酸三钾进行Suzuki反应。
35.分析型HPLC的条件.柱:Waters Atlantis dC18,4.6x 50mm,5μm;流动相A:0.05%的三氟乙酸在水中的溶液(v/v);流动相B:0.05%的三氟乙酸在乙腈中的溶液(v/v);梯度:5.0%至80%B,线性历时3.75分钟,然后80%至95%B历时0.25分钟,然后95%B保持1.0分钟;流速:2mL/分钟。
36.使4-[3-(乙氧基羰基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯与肼反应,随后用乙酰氯和N,N-二异丙基乙胺进行乙酰化,得到4-{3-[(2-乙酰基肼基)羰基]吡啶-2-基}哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。该物质与对甲苯磺酰氯和三乙胺的反应提供了必需的4-[3-(5-甲基-1,3,4-二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
37.使用在实施例10中描述的将3-溴-2-氟吡啶转化成C21的方法,从3-溴-2-(甲氧基)吡啶合成必需的1-[2-(甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪。
38.使用烃/乙醇溶剂混合物作为流动相,通过反相HPLC(柱:ChiralTechnologies Chiralcel OD,10μm)将外消旋产物分离成其对映异构体。如果需要进一步纯化,将对映异构体单独地进行反相色谱法。
利用下述生物学测定,确定本发明的化合物的M4激动剂结合亲和力:
生物学测定
毒蕈碱hM4激动剂GloSensor cAMP测定方法
在测定前制备化合物。将试验化合物溶解在100%二甲亚砜(DMSO,Sigma D8418)中至30mM的浓度。以4mM的最高浓度在100%DMSO中建立使用半对数(log)稀释的10-点中间稀释系列。将系列稀释的化合物以200nL/孔点在384-孔板(Matrix目录号4325)中。测定中的最终化合物浓度范围为10μM至0.3nM,最终的DMSO浓度为0.25%。
使用表达GloSensor构建体的亲本HEK细胞(Promega Sor-L9HEK293人/M4/GloSensor Cell Clone Number 40),建立表达人M4mAChR的稳定细胞系。使所述细胞在90%Dulbecco氏改良的伊格尔培养基(DMEM,Gibco 11960),10%胎牛血清(FBS,HycloneCH.30160-03),1%青霉素/链霉素(Gibco 15070-063),500μg/mL遗传霉素(Gibco10131-027),200μg/mL潮霉素B(Invitrogen 10687-010)和1%Glutamax(Thermo Fisher35050061)中生长。
在测定前1天,将细胞使用解离缓冲液(Gibco 13151-014)升起,并在室温在250x重力在离心机中离心5分钟。除去上清液,并将细胞沉淀物重新悬浮在生长培养基中至6.25X 106个细胞/mL的浓度。然后将细胞以40μL/孔(25,000细胞)加入白色聚-d-赖氨酸包被的平板(Becton Dickinson 356661)并在37℃保湿培养箱中在5%二氧化碳(CO2)下温育过夜(20-24小时)。
次日,将培养基从细胞平板取出并用已经温热至37℃的40μL含有88%CO2非依赖性(independent)培养基(Invitrogen 18045088)、10%FBS和2%GloSensor cAMP试剂(Promega E1291)的平衡培养基替换。然后将平板覆盖并在室温避光温育2小时。
向预先制备的系列稀释的化合物平板,将200nL 4mM ACh(Sigma A2661,10μMfinal)或200nL 100%DMSO(0.25%final)分别加入阳性和阴性对照孔。然后通过加入16μL含有10%FBS和EC80浓度的异丙肾上腺素(Sigma 16504)的CO2非依赖性培养基,将化合物平板稀释。在化合物试验之前,为异丙肾上腺素制备浓度响应曲线以确定EC80浓度。在2小时平衡结束时,将10μL从化合物平板转移至细胞平板。将细胞平板在室温温育额外的7分钟,并然后使用Multi-label EnVision平板读数器(Perkin Elmer)读出发光。
使用Activity Base(IDBS)分析原始数据,将其表达为相对光单位。基于并相对于在每个测定板上所含的阳性和阴性对照孔产生的cAMP的量,计算在每种化合物浓度的效应百分比。阳性对照孔含有EC100浓度的ACh,而阴性对照孔仅含有DMSO。使用4-参数对数剂量响应方程式拟合浓度和%效应值,并确定50%效应所需的浓度(EC50)以及浓度响应曲线的最大渐近线以定义效力。
表2.实施例1–56的生物活性和IUPAC名称.
在括号中显示了重复的数目.
a.报告的EC50值和Emax值代表了几何平均值;在括弧中给出了测定的数目。
b.N.D.=未测定
c.在该情况下,实施例作为其甲酸盐进行试验。
贯穿本申请,参考多篇出版物。这些出版物的公开内容以它们的整体特此通过引用并入本申请用于所有目的。
本领域技术人员显而易见,在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下可以在本发明中做出各种修改和变化。考虑到本文中公开的发明的详述和实践,本领域技术人员会明白本发明的其它实施方案。详述和实施例意图仅视作示例性的,本发明的真实范围和精神由下述权利要求指示。
Claims (47)
1.式I的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH;
R1选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-N(R6)(R7)、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、-N(R6)(R7)、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R2选自氢、卤素、氰基和羟基;
R6和R7各自独立地选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基或C(O)-CH3;
m是1或2;且
n是1或2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是CH。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是氮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是CH且X2是氮。
5.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
6.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
7.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
8.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R2是氢。
9.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中m是2且n是1。
10.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中m是1且n是2。
11.根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中m是1且n是1。
12.式IA的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH;
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;和
R2选自氢和卤素。
13.根据权利要求12所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是CH。
14.根据权利要求12所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是氮。
15.根据权利要求12所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是CH且X2是氮。
16.根据权利要求12-15中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
17.根据权利要求12-15中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
18.根据权利要求12-15中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
19.式IB的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH;
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;和
R2选自氢和卤素。
20.根据权利要求19所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是CH。
21.根据权利要求19-20中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
22.根据权利要求19-20中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
23.根据权利要求19-20中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
24.式IC的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH;
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、-(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;和
R2选自氢和卤素。
25.根据权利要求24所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是CH。
26.根据权利要求24-25中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
27.根据权利要求24-25中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
28.根据权利要求24-25中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
29.式I’的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1和X2各自独立地是CH或氮,前提条件是,X1和X2不可都是CH;
R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基、-O-(4-6元)杂环烷基、(C6-C10)芳基、(5-10元)杂芳基和(4-8元)杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R2选自氢和卤素;
m是1或2;且
n是1或2。
30.根据权利要求29所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是CH。
31.根据权利要求29所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是氮且X2是氮。
32.根据权利要求29所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X1是CH且X2是氮。
33.根据权利要求29-32中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自卤素、氰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(C3-C6)环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和(5-6元)杂芳基每个任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
34.根据权利要求29-32中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自吡唑基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、吡嗪基、唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、三唑并吡啶基和二唑基的(5-10元)杂芳基,其中所述(5-10元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
35.根据权利要求29-32中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是选自氧杂环丁基、吗啉代、2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基的(4-8元)杂环烷基,其中所述杂环烷基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基和(5-6元)杂芳基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和所述(5-6元)杂芳基任选地被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代:卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷氧基。
36.化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物选自:
6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
6-{4-[3-(5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6S)-6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(4-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-5-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
2-[4-(3-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸乙酯;
2-{4-[3-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(嘧啶-5-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(3-甲基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
2-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(哒嗪-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(1,3-唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
6-{4-[2-(三氟甲氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
6-[4-(3-甲基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
6-[4-(3-环丙基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
2-[4-(5-氰基-2,3’-联吡啶-2’-基)哌嗪-1-基]-6-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-6-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2;
6-[4-(5-氰基-2,3'-联吡啶-2'-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[2-(氧杂环丁烷-3-基氧基)吡啶-3-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[5-氟-3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
6-[4-(3-甲氧基吡嗪-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2;
6-(4-{3-[4-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)哌啶-1-基]吡啶-2-基}哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(3-氰基氮杂环丁烷-1-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(4-甲基-1,2-噻唑-5-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(3-甲基-1,2-噻唑-5-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-1;
6-{4-[3-(吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(2,4-二甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[5'-(二氟甲氧基)-3,3'-联吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-[4-(6'-甲氧基-3,3'-联吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-([1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-6-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(5-氰基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯,ENT-2;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(吗啉-4-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(4-甲氧基哌啶-1-基)吡嗪-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(哒嗪-3-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(嘧啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(2-甲基嘧啶-5-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-{4-[3-(5-羟基吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-(4-{3-[1-(4-氰基丁基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]吡啶-2-基}哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-(4-{3-[1-(2-乙氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]吡啶-2-基}哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-{4-[3-(5-甲基-1,3,4-二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-(4-(3-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-(4-(3-(4-氰基苯基)吡啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
6-(4-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;
(6R)-6-(4-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯;和
(6S)-6-(4-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯。
37.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3-噻唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯或其药学上可接受的盐。
38.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯或其药学上可接受的盐。
39.(6R)-6-{4-[3-(吡嗪-2-基)吡啶-2-基]哌嗪-1-基}-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯或其药学上可接受的盐。
40.6-(4-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯或其药学上可接受的盐。
41.(6R)-6-(4-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯或其药学上可接受的盐。
42.(6S)-6-(4-(2-甲氧基吡啶-3-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-氮杂螺[3.4]辛烷-2-甲酸乙酯或其药学上可接受的盐。
43.药物制剂,其包含治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-42中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
44.根据权利要求1-42中的任一项所述的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,或根据权利要求43的药物制剂在制备用于治疗M4有关的疾病或障碍的药物中的用途。
45.根据权利要求44所述的用途,其中所述M4有关的疾病或障碍选自:阿尔茨海默氏病、精神分裂症、疼痛、成瘾、睡眠障碍、认知障碍、轻度认知损害、帕金森病、帕金森病-左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍、亨廷顿病、运动障碍、口干、肺动脉高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、哮喘、尿失禁、青光眼、21三体(唐氏综合征)、脑淀粉样血管病、Dutch型的遗传性脑出血伴淀粉样变性(HCHWA-D)、克雅病、朊病毒障碍、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、进行性核上性麻痹、头损伤、卒中、胰腺炎、包涵体肌炎、糖尿病、孤独症和动脉粥样硬化。
46.根据权利要求45所述的用途,其中所述M4有关的疾病或障碍选自:阿尔茨海默氏病、精神分裂症、疼痛、成瘾、帕金森病、帕金森病-左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍和睡眠障碍。
47.根据权利要求44所述的用途,其中所述M4有关的疾病或障碍选自精神病和痴呆。
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US20210024497A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
US11524954B2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
FI3768669T3 (fi) | 2023-04-26 |
WO2019183636A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
TWI801540B (zh) | 2023-05-11 |
PT3768669T (pt) | 2023-04-24 |
AR115015A1 (es) | 2020-11-18 |
JP7497294B2 (ja) | 2024-06-10 |
EP3768669A1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
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CN112154145A (zh) | 2020-12-29 |
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ES2942837T3 (es) | 2023-06-07 |
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