CN112152270A - Superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to subway train regenerative braking and control method thereof - Google Patents
Superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to subway train regenerative braking and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112152270A CN112152270A CN201910560046.1A CN201910560046A CN112152270A CN 112152270 A CN112152270 A CN 112152270A CN 201910560046 A CN201910560046 A CN 201910560046A CN 112152270 A CN112152270 A CN 112152270A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/003—Methods and means for discharging superconductive storage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to regenerative braking of a subway train, which is connected with a traction power supply system and comprises a power conversion module, an energy storage module and a measurement and control unit, wherein the power conversion module is connected between the traction power supply system and the energy storage module, and the measurement and control unit is used for judging the current working modes of the traction power supply system and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device and controlling the working state of the power conversion module, so that the energy storage module can absorb and store energy automatically generated by train regeneration, and release electric energy to a traction network when the train is in a traction working condition, thereby providing energy for the train. The device can fully absorb the redundant energy generated during the braking of the train and effectively store the redundant energy in a low-loss manner, and the redundant energy is fed back to the traction network for the train to use under the traction working condition of the train, so that the network voltage is stabilized while the regenerative braking energy of the train is reasonably utilized, the electric energy quality is improved, and the power supply reliability is improved. The invention also discloses a control method of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban rail transit traction power supply, relates to a train regenerative braking energy absorption and utilization technology, and particularly relates to a superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to subway train regenerative braking and a control method thereof.
Background
The conventional braking modes of the subway can be divided into two stages of electric braking and air braking, wherein the electric braking is mainly used, the air braking is used as an auxiliary brake, when the running speed of the train is higher, the electric braking is used, and when the speed of the train is reduced to the state that the electric braking does not work, the air braking is adopted. The electric braking is divided into regenerative braking and resistance braking, when a subway train is subjected to regenerative braking, a motor is in a power generation state, kinetic energy of the train is converted into electric energy and is returned to a traction network, when the voltage of the traction network is too high due to the regenerative braking or no other vehicle absorbs feedback energy within a certain distance, the resistance braking is carried out, and a braking resistance device is generally arranged at the bottom of the train and dissipates redundant electric energy in a heat energy mode. Therefore, how to efficiently and fully recycle the regenerative braking energy of the train is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current subway.
The current subway regenerative braking energy utilization modes mainly comprise three major types of energy consumption, energy feedback and energy storage. The energy consumption type is mainly resistance energy consumption, the mode utilizes a high-power resistor to convert the regenerative braking energy into heat energy to be consumed, and the braking resistor in the mode can be arranged on a vehicle or on the ground. The energy feedback type comprises an inversion feedback type and an inversion absorption type, wherein the inversion feedback type utilizes an inverter and a transformer to convert electric energy of a direct current bus into corresponding power frequency alternating current to be fed back to an alternating current power grid, and the inversion absorption type converts the direct current into 380-volt three-phase alternating current to be used by stations and equipment in a vehicle. The energy storage type can be divided into three types of storage battery energy storage, super capacitor energy storage and flywheel energy storage according to energy storage media, in the mode, a power electronic converter is used as an interface to connect a traction network and energy storage equipment, and charging and discharging operations are carried out timely through a reasonable energy management strategy so as to realize regenerative braking energy recovery.
The energy consumption type and energy feedback type regenerative braking energy utilization modes have obvious defects. The resistance energy consumption type strictly does not utilize regenerative braking energy, only dissipates the regenerative energy in a heat form, and meanwhile, the mode can also cause the rise of the ambient temperature, and the problems of ventilation, heat dissipation and the like need to be considered, so that not only is a large amount of energy wasted, but also the environmental burden is increased, and the construction and operation cost of the subway is improved. The inversion feedback type is limited by a subway power supply mode, the mode is more suitable for subway lines of a centralized power supply mode, and for lines of a distributed power generation system, because the current between a power grid and the distributed system flows in two directions, the electric energy fed back to the power grid reversely can cause the voltage fluctuation of the power grid and increase the short-circuit current of the power grid. Another disadvantage of the inversion feedback type is that the electric energy fed back to the power grid has more harmonic waves, and a corresponding treatment means is needed to solve the problem of electric energy quality. The inverter absorption type absorption equipment is required to be provided with a filter device to prevent the interference of higher harmonics to equipment such as monitoring equipment, communication equipment and the like; in addition, because the train is started and stopped frequently, the train brake is discontinuous, and the load power utilization stability of the inverter absorption device is a difficult problem. The energy consumption type and energy feedback type modes have the problem that the voltage drop of the traction network cannot be coped with.
The energy storage type regenerative braking energy utilization mode has different defects due to different energy storage media. The storage battery has low power density, cannot adapt to high-power frequent traction braking, has short service life and needs to be replaced frequently in practical application. The super capacitor has low energy density, and needs to absorb a large amount of power in a short time, so that the combined capacitance is large, the corresponding occupied area is large, and the maintenance workload is large. The flywheel energy storage device is complex, the working condition is harsh, a plurality of sets of flywheel energy storage devices are required to be connected in parallel due to small capacity of a single set, the mechanical device is adopted, mechanical abrasion is caused, the service life is influenced, and the maintenance work is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to the regenerative braking of a subway train and a control method thereof, which can fully absorb redundant energy generated during the braking of the train, effectively store the redundant energy in a low-loss manner, feed back to a traction network for the train to use under the traction working condition of the train, reasonably utilize the regenerative braking energy of the train, stabilize the network voltage, improve the electric energy quality and improve the power supply reliability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to subway train regenerative braking is connected with a traction power supply system, wherein the traction power supply system comprises a traction substation, a return line, a feeder line, a contact network and a steel rail, wherein the return line and the feeder line are led out from the traction substation; the superconducting magnetic energy storage device comprises a power conversion module, an energy storage module and a measurement and control unit, wherein the power conversion module is connected between a traction power supply system and the energy storage module, the measurement and control unit is used for judging the current working modes of the traction power supply system and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device and controlling the working state of the power conversion module, so that the energy storage module can absorb and store the energy generated automatically by train regeneration, and the electric energy is released to a traction network when the train is in a traction working condition, thereby providing energy for the train.
The power conversion module comprises an isolating switch, a chopper, a voltage stabilizing capacitor, a brake resistor, a first IGBT and a second IGBT, wherein the first IGBT and the second IGBT are respectively provided with an anti-parallel diode; the drains of the first IGBT and the second IGBT are connected with the positive output end of the chopper, the source of the first IGBT is connected with the negative output end of the chopper through a brake resistor, the source of the second IGBT is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage module, and the negative electrode of the energy storage module is connected with the negative output end of the chopper.
The energy storage module comprises third to fifth IGBTs, third to fourth diodes, a superconducting coil and a quench protection resistor, wherein the drain electrode of the third IGBT is connected with the cathode of the third diode and is jointly used as the anode of the energy storage module, the source electrode of the third IGBT is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected with the source electrode of the fourth IGBT and is jointly used as the cathode of the energy storage module; the source electrode of the third IGBT is further connected with the drain electrode of a fifth IGBT through a superconducting coil, the source electrode of the fifth IGBT is respectively connected with the anode of a third diode and the drain electrode of a fourth IGBT, and the quench protection resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the fifth IGBT in parallel.
The superconducting coils comprise a plurality of inductors which are connected in parallel, a branch circuit where each inductor is located is connected with a switch in series, two ends of each inductor are connected with switches in parallel, and a switch is connected between every two adjacent inductors.
According to the control method of the superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to subway train regenerative braking, the measurement and control unit controls the working state of the power conversion module according to the current working modes of the traction power supply system and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device, wherein the current working modes comprise a normal mode, a standby mode and an emergency mode, and in the normal mode, the first IGBT is switched off, and the second IGBT is switched on; in the standby mode, the first IGBT is switched on, and the second IGBT is switched off; in the emergency mode, the disconnector is open.
Under the normal mode, the measurement and control unit divides the normal mode into three working conditions including a discharging working condition, a charging working condition and an energy storage working condition according to the network voltage of the direct current traction network monitored in real time, controls the chopper to work in a Boost mode under the discharging working condition, simultaneously discharges the energy storage module, and guides the stored electric energy to the direct current traction network for the train along the line; when the train is in a charging working condition, controlling the chopper to work in a Buck voltage reduction mode, guiding regenerative braking electric energy which is not completely absorbed by the train along the line to the energy storage module, and controlling the energy storage module to charge; and when the energy storage working condition is met, the energy storage module is controlled to be disconnected from the power conversion module, so that the power conversion module works in a corresponding low-loss follow current state.
The basis of the measurement and control unit for judging the three working conditions is as follows: when the traction network voltage is lower than a low-voltage set value U1, the traction network is in a discharging working condition; when the traction network voltage exceeds a high-voltage set value U2, the traction network is in a charging working condition; when the traction net pressure is in the set interval U1-U2, the traction net is in the energy storage working condition.
The superconducting magnetic energy storage device is pre-charged before being connected to a traction power supply system, or is connected to the traction power supply system when the train is subjected to regenerative braking.
After the scheme is adopted, the invention takes the safety threshold of the system power supply voltage as the upper limit value and the lower limit value, and selects two reference values of the magnitude in the safety threshold and near the upper limit value and the lower limit value. When the traction network voltage is lower than a small reference value, the superconducting magnetic energy storage device discharges, energy is fed back to the train, and the traction network voltage is increased; when the traction network pressure is higher than a large reference value, the superconducting magnetic energy storage device absorbs the regenerative braking energy of the train and reduces the traction network pressure. The device is used for absorbing and utilizing the regenerative braking energy of the train and stabilizing the traction network pressure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the energy storage device is directly connected to a direct current side, a medium voltage side is not involved, and the method is suitable for urban rail transit power supply systems in a centralized power supply mode and a distributed power supply mode; by utilizing the advantages of high response speed and low energy loss of the superconducting coil, the quick and low-loss charging and discharging are realized, the characteristics of high density of subway trains and frequent starting and stopping of vehicles are met, and the network voltage can be quickly and effectively stabilized; in addition, the invention has the advantages of high energy storage density, small system volume, light weight, long service life, easy realization of insulation and the like, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit of a superconducting magnetic energy storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control method and a control flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of a series charging and parallel discharging of superconducting coils according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, specific embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in more detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments. However, the specific embodiments and examples described below are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting of the invention. It is intended that the present invention cover only some embodiments of the invention and not all embodiments of the invention, and that other embodiments obtained by various modifications of the invention by those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to regenerative braking of a subway train, which is matched with a traction power supply system, wherein the traction power supply system comprises a traction substation 1, a return line 5, a feeder line 2, a contact network 3, a steel rail 4 and the like, the return line 5 and the feeder line 2 are both led out of the traction substation 1, the contact network 3 is connected with the feeder line 2, the steel rail 4 is connected with the return line 5, and a train 6 runs between the contact network 3 and the steel rail 4; the superconducting magnetic energy storage device comprises a power conversion module, an energy storage module 7 and a measurement and control unit 8, wherein the energy storage module 7 is used for absorbing energy generated automatically by train regeneration, storing the energy in a superconducting coil in a low-loss mode, and releasing electric energy to a traction network under the traction working condition of a train so as to provide energy for the train.
The power conversion module mainly comprises an isolating switch 9, a chopper 10, a voltage stabilizing capacitor 11, a brake resistor 12 and two insulated gate bipolar transistors IGBT13 and IGBT14 with anti-parallel diodes 15 and 16 respectively, wherein the isolating switch 9 comprises two switching circuits, two ends corresponding to one switching circuit are defined as a first input end and a first output end of the isolating switch 9, two ends corresponding to the other switching circuit are defined as a second input end and a second output end of the isolating switch 9, the first input end and the second input end are respectively connected with a feeder line 2 and a return line 5, the first output end and the second output end are respectively connected with a positive input end and a negative input end of the chopper 10, and the positive output end and the negative output end of the chopper 10 are respectively connected with two ends of the voltage stabilizing capacitor 11; the drains of the IGBTs 13 and 14 are connected with the positive output end of the chopper 10, the source of the IGBT13 is connected with the negative output end of the chopper 10 through the brake resistor 12, the source of the IGBT14 is connected with the positive electrode of the superconducting magnetic energy storage module 7, and the negative electrode of the energy storage module 7 is connected with the negative output end of the chopper 10. The anti-parallel diodes 15, 16 are used to protect the IGBTs 13, 14 from reverse high voltage breakdown.
As shown in fig. 2, the energy storage module 7 includes 3 insulated gate bipolar transistors IGBT3-5, 2 diodes VD3, VD4, a superconducting coil, and a quench protection resistor, where a drain of the IGBT3 is connected to a cathode of the VD3 and collectively serves as an anode of the superconducting magnetic energy storage module 7, a source of the IGBT3 is connected to a cathode of the VD4, and an anode of the VD4 is connected to a source of the IGBT4 and collectively serves as a cathode of the superconducting magnetic energy storage module 7; the source of the IGBT3 is also connected with the drain of the IGBT5 through a superconducting coil, the source of the IGBT5 is respectively connected with the anode of the VD3 and the drain of the IGBT4, and the quench protection resistor is connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the IGBT 5.
The measurement and control unit 8 mainly comprises direct current monitoring, chopper working mode control, and on and off of each switch and IGBT, and the measurement and control unit also integrates the measurement and control protection systems (such as working condition control, quench protection system, temperature measurement and control system, and the like) of the energy storage module to form the monitoring, control and protection of the whole superconducting magnetic energy storage device. The measurement and control unit is responsible for monitoring the system state, adjusting the device mode and the operating condition of the superconducting coil, and is responsible for protecting the whole superconducting magnetic energy storage device.
As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring portion in the measurement and control unit monitors each semaphore in real time, and mainly includes dc voltage and dc current in the power conversion module, and quench current, working temperature, real-time power and the like in the energy storage module. The current working mode can be judged according to the semaphore, and the working modes are mainly divided into three types: normal mode, standby mode and emergency mode. When the direct current monitoring amount in the power conversion module is obviously abnormal, the working mode is an emergency mode; when the direct current monitoring amount in the power conversion module is normal and the monitoring amount in the energy storage module is obviously abnormal, the working mode is a standby mode; when the direct current monitoring quantity in the power conversion module and the monitoring quantity in the energy storage module are both normal, the working mode is a normal mode.
The normal mode is the condition that the traction power supply system and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device are both normal, at the moment, the IGBT13 is switched off, so that the brake resistor 12 is switched off, the IGBT14 is switched on, the energy storage module 7 is started by the device and is enabled to normally operate in the charging and discharging and energy storage working conditions, and current is transformed by the chopper 10 and then flows between the superconducting magnetic energy storage device and the traction power supply system; the standby mode is the condition that the traction power supply system is normal and the rest parts except the energy storage module in the superconducting magnetic energy storage device can work normally (including the condition that the capacity of the energy storage module is saturated or the energy storage module is in a fault or maintenance state during braking), at the moment, the IGBT13 is switched on, the IGBT14 is switched off, the device only has the function of absorbing energy and does not have the low-voltage regulation effect, the unconsumed regenerative braking energy is reduced in voltage by the chopper 10 and then flows through the braking resistor 12, and the energy is absorbed by the braking resistor 12 and is dissipated in a heat form; the emergency mode is the condition that the traction power supply system or the superconducting magnetic energy storage device is abnormal, and the isolating switch 9 is disconnected at the moment, so that the superconducting magnetic energy storage device and the traction power supply system are protected, and the safety of the system and the device is ensured.
And the direct-current monitoring part of the measurement and control unit in the normal mode divides the normal mode into three working conditions including a charging working condition, a discharging working condition and an energy storage working condition according to the real-time monitored network voltage of the direct-current traction network.
The discharging working condition is that when the voltage of the traction network is lower than a low-voltage set value U1 (the lower limit of voltage allowed by a 750V system is 500V, the lower limit of voltage allowed by a 1500V system is 1000V, the actual set value can be slightly higher than the lower limit value, a certain margin is reserved to fully ensure the safety and reliability of the system, and response time is reserved for the energy storage device), the duty ratio of the chopper is controlled by the PWM controller to enable the chopper to work in a Boost mode, and meanwhile, the superconducting magnetic energy storage module is controlled to discharge through the connection and disconnection of related IGBTs, so that stored electric energy is guided to a direct-current traction network to be used by a train along.
The charging working condition is that when the traction network voltage exceeds a high-voltage set value U2 (the allowable upper limit of voltage of a 750V system is 900V, the allowable upper limit of voltage of a 1500V system is 1800V, the actual set value can be slightly lower than the upper limit value, a certain margin is reserved to fully ensure the safety and the reliability of the system, and the response time is reserved for the energy storage device), the duty ratio of the chopper is controlled by the PWM controller to enable the chopper to work in a Buck voltage reduction mode, regenerative braking electric energy which is not completely absorbed by a train along the line is guided to the superconducting magnetic energy storage module, and meanwhile, the superconducting magnetic energy storage module is controlled to be charged through the connection and disconnection of the.
And the energy storage working condition is that when the traction network voltage is in a set interval (U1-U2), the connection between the superconducting magnetic energy storage module and the main circuit is controlled to be disconnected through the connection and disconnection of the related IGBT, so that the superconducting magnetic energy storage module works in a corresponding low-loss follow current state.
In combination with the main circuit schematic diagram of the energy storage module shown in fig. 2, when the charging operation is performed, the IGBT3, the IGBT4 and the IGBT5 are all turned on, and current charges the superconducting coil through the IGBT3, the IGBT4 and the IGBT 5; when the discharging working condition is met, the IGBT3 and the IGBT4 are turned off, the IGBT5 is still conducted, and the coil discharges through the VD3, the VD4 and the IGBT 5; when the energy storage working condition is met, the IGBT14 in the figure 1 is turned off firstly, and then the specific follow current condition is judged according to the state at the previous moment. Specifically, if the network voltage is too low (the energy storage module is in a charging working condition) at the last moment, only the IGBT4 in the energy storage module needs to be turned off, and the current flows in the IGBT3, the superconducting coil, the IGBT5 and the VD3, so that low-loss energy storage (follow current state 1) is realized due to the superconducting characteristic of the superconducting coil; if the network voltage is too high (the energy storage module is in a discharging working condition) at the last moment, only the IGBT4 of the energy storage module needs to be conducted, and the current flows in the superconducting coil, the IGBT5, the IGBT4 and the VD4, so that low-loss energy storage (follow current state 2) is realized; if the network voltage is in the set range (the energy storage module is in the energy storage working condition) at the last moment, the state at the last moment can be continued (the continuous flow state at the last moment) without any change in the energy storage module.
The measurement and control unit also comprises a measurement and control protection system of the energy storage module, and the measurement and control protection system mainly comprises a temperature measurement and control system and a quench protection system. The temperature measurement and control system is used for detecting the working temperature of the superconducting magnetic coil, sending a signal when the temperature does not reach the standard, and providing cold energy from the outside to ensure that the coil works at the constant superconducting temperature. The quench monitoring protection system is used for releasing energy when the superconducting coil is quenched and quenched, and preventing the superconducting coil from generating excessive joule heat to damage the superconducting magnet when the superconducting coil is quenched and quenched, so that the safety of the system is endangered; specifically, when the superconducting coil loses its superconducting property for various reasons, the device should be in standby mode, and the IGBT14 in fig. 1 should be turned off, disconnecting the energy storage module from the line. Meanwhile, no matter what kind of working condition the energy storage module in fig. 2 is in at the last moment, the IGBT5 should be turned off, and the IGBT3 and the IGBT4 should be turned on at the same time, so that the coil discharges in the upper and lower loops at the same time, and energy is dissipated to the quench protection resistor as soon as possible.
When the superconducting magnetic energy storage device is connected to a system, if the system is in a low network voltage state, the device needs to discharge and stabilize voltage, and at the moment, the device does not have electricity and can discharge. Therefore, pre-charging is required before the device is actually connected, or the control device is connected into the system when the train is subjected to regenerative braking, so that the device can normally work when working under a discharging working condition for the first time.
The superconducting coils in the energy storage module are often in a full-charge state (incapable of completely absorbing regenerative braking electric energy) or an electric energy discharge state (incapable of completely realizing charging and voltage stabilization) due to insufficient capacity, the number of the superconducting coils can be properly increased, series charging and parallel discharging are realized by adopting a circuit topology diagram shown in fig. 4, and the whole capacity of the device is increased. In addition, the system stability can be improved by increasing the number of the superconducting coils, because the superconducting coils are mutually standby, when part of inductors break down, the fault inductors can be isolated and removed through the on-off of related switches, and meanwhile, other inductors are connected to continue working, so that the system safety is guaranteed.
Fig. 4 shows a circuit topology diagram of the series charging and parallel discharging of the superconducting coils according to the embodiment of the present invention. When the capacity of the superconducting coil is insufficient or a part of the superconducting coil fails, series charging or parallel discharging of 1-3 arbitrary coils can be realized through related switches. The on-off states of the switches of the superconducting coil in different charging states are shown in table 1, and the on-off states of the switches in different discharging states are shown in table 2, wherein "+" indicates that the switches are closed, and "-" indicates that the switches are open.
TABLE 1 on-off of switches for superconducting coils in different charging states
TABLE 2 on-off of each switch under different discharge states of superconducting coil
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments described with reference to the drawings are only intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless the context indicates otherwise, words that appear in the singular include the plural and vice versa. Additionally, all or a portion of any embodiment may be utilized with all or a portion of any other embodiment, unless stated otherwise.
Claims (8)
1. A superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to subway train regenerative braking is connected with a traction power supply system, wherein the traction power supply system comprises a traction substation, a return line, a feeder line, a contact network and a steel rail, wherein the return line and the feeder line are led out from the traction substation; the method is characterized in that: the superconducting magnetic energy storage device comprises a power conversion module, an energy storage module and a measurement and control unit, wherein the power conversion module is connected between a traction power supply system and the energy storage module, the measurement and control unit is used for judging the current working modes of the traction power supply system and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device and controlling the working state of the power conversion module, so that the energy storage module can absorb and store the energy generated automatically by train regeneration, and the electric energy is released to a traction network when the train is in a traction working condition, thereby providing energy for the train.
2. The superconducting magnetic energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: the power conversion module comprises an isolating switch, a chopper, a voltage stabilizing capacitor, a brake resistor, a first IGBT and a second IGBT, wherein the first IGBT and the second IGBT are respectively provided with an anti-parallel diode; the drains of the first IGBT and the second IGBT are connected with the positive output end of the chopper, the source of the first IGBT is connected with the negative output end of the chopper through a brake resistor, the source of the second IGBT is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage module, and the negative electrode of the energy storage module is connected with the negative output end of the chopper.
3. The superconducting magnetic energy storage device of claim 2, wherein: the energy storage module comprises third to fifth IGBTs, third to fourth diodes, a superconducting coil and a quench protection resistor, wherein the drain electrode of the third IGBT is connected with the cathode of the third diode and is jointly used as the anode of the energy storage module, the source electrode of the third IGBT is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected with the source electrode of the fourth IGBT and is jointly used as the cathode of the energy storage module; the source electrode of the third IGBT is further connected with the drain electrode of a fifth IGBT through a superconducting coil, the source electrode of the fifth IGBT is respectively connected with the anode of a third diode and the drain electrode of a fourth IGBT, and the quench protection resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the fifth IGBT in parallel.
4. The superconducting magnetic energy storage device of claim 3, wherein: the superconducting coil comprises a plurality of inductors which are connected in parallel, a branch circuit where each inductor is located is connected with a switch in series, two ends of each inductor are connected with switches in parallel, and a switch is connected between every two adjacent inductors.
5. The control method of the superconducting magnetic energy storage device applied to the regenerative braking of the subway train as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the measurement and control unit controls the working state of the power conversion module according to the current working modes of the traction power supply system and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device, wherein the current working modes comprise a normal mode, a standby mode and an emergency mode, and in the normal mode, the first IGBT is switched off and the second IGBT is switched on; in the standby mode, the first IGBT is switched on, and the second IGBT is switched off; in the emergency mode, the disconnector is open.
6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the normal mode, the measurement and control unit divides the normal mode into three working conditions including a discharging working condition, a charging working condition and an energy storage working condition according to the network voltage of the direct current traction network monitored in real time, controls the chopper to work in a Boost mode in the discharging working condition, simultaneously discharges the energy storage module, and guides the stored electric energy to the direct current traction network for the train along the line; when the train is in a charging working condition, controlling the chopper to work in a Buck voltage reduction mode, guiding regenerative braking electric energy which is not completely absorbed by the train along the line to the energy storage module, and controlling the energy storage module to charge; and when the energy storage working condition is met, the energy storage module is controlled to be disconnected from the power conversion module, so that the power conversion module works in a corresponding low-loss follow current state.
7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the basis of the measurement and control unit for judging the three working conditions is as follows: when the traction network voltage is lower than a low-voltage set value U1, the traction network is in a discharging working condition; when the traction network voltage exceeds a high-voltage set value U2, the traction network is in a charging working condition; when the traction net pressure is in the set interval U1-U2, the traction net is in the energy storage working condition.
8. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the superconducting magnetic energy storage device is pre-charged before being connected to a traction power supply system, or is connected to the traction power supply system when the train is subjected to regenerative braking.
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| CN114421735A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 天津大学 | Series energy storage structure of superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device |
| CN114696358A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-01 | 重庆中车时代电气技术有限公司 | Control method of regenerative braking energy utilization device and related components |
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