CN114421735A - Series energy storage structure of superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device - Google Patents
Series energy storage structure of superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/003—Methods and means for discharging superconductive storage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device, which is formed by connecting N (N belongs to N) energy storage units in series, wherein all the energy storage units are coaxially arranged, the total energy storage capacity of the whole series energy storage structure is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the N energy storage units, and the total energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the N energy storage units. The invention can improve the practical application feasibility of the energy conversion/storage device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of application of superconducting technology, relates to energy conversion and storage, and particularly relates to a series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device.
Background
Stored energy means that energy that is not suitable for storage is converted into a more convenient or economical form, stored in a medium, and released in some form when needed. Common energy storage modes at present include water storage energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, hydrogen energy storage, flywheel energy storage, compressed air energy storage, thermal energy storage, super capacitor energy storage and the like. Nowadays, the energy storage technology is widely applied to the fields of smart power grids, electric automobiles, urban rail transit and the like. However, with the advance of technology, the requirement for the capacity of the energy storage device in practical application is higher and higher. For one energy storage unit, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage unit is often limited by the manufacturing process and the cost, but if a plurality of energy storage units can be combined to form combined energy storage, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage device can still be expanded as required after a single energy storage unit reaches the optimum. Therefore, for the energy storage device, the series-parallel connection of the energy storage units has important significance for the practical application of the energy storage device.
Research has shown that a short-time energy storage device capable of realizing mechanical energy → electromagnetic energy → mechanical energy can be formed by using a closed superconducting coil and a cylindrical permanent magnet, and that the energy storage capacity of the device can be enlarged by 4 times by replacing a single permanent magnet with a permanent magnet group formed by two or three permanent magnets[1-3]. The two optimized structures can be regarded as two energy storage units of the energy storage device, as shown in fig. 1.
Reference to the literature
[1]Xin Y,Li W X,Dong Q,et al.Superconductors and Lenz’s law.Superconductor Science and Technology,2020,33(5):055004.
[2]Li W X,Yang T H,Li G Y,et al.Experimental study of a novel superconducting energy conversion/storage device.Energy Conversion and Management,2021,243:114350.
[3]Li W X,Yang T H,Xin Y.Study on enhancing the interaction capacity between permanent magnetsand a superconductor coil.Physica C:Superconductivity and its applications,2021,590:1351946.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the energy storage device, the invention provides a series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device, and the structure can be used for still enlarging the energy storage capacity of the energy storage device as required after a single energy storage unit is optimized, thereby having important significance for the research and application of the energy storage device.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device is formed by connecting N (N belongs to N) energy storage units in series, all the energy storage units are coaxially arranged, the total energy storage capacity of the whole series energy storage structure is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the N energy storage units, and the total energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the N energy storage units.
Each energy storage unit consists of a closed superconducting coil and two permanent magnets with opposite polarities, the closed superconducting coils and the permanent magnets are coaxially arranged, one permanent magnet is shared between every two adjacent energy storage units, and the whole series energy storage structure contains n superconducting coils and n +1 permanent magnets.
Each energy storage unit consists of a closed superconducting coil and three permanent magnets with opposite polarities, the closed superconducting coil and the permanent magnets are coaxially arranged, two permanent magnets are shared between adjacent energy storage units, and the whole series energy storage structure contains n superconducting coils and n +2 permanent magnets.
Any two adjacent permanent magnets are rigidly connected by adopting a non-magnetic material, and any two adjacent permanent magnets repel each other.
The distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent permanent magnets is equal to the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent superconducting coils.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device can further expand the energy storage capacity of the energy storage device as required after the performance of a single energy storage unit reaches the limit.
(2) The serial energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device does not need a current lead, the energy storage capacity of a single energy storage unit is not lost, the total energy storage capacity of the obtained serial energy storage structure is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the contained energy storage units, and the total energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the contained energy storage units.
(3) The series energy storage structure has simple process and is easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows two types of energy storage units consisting of permanent magnets and closed superconducting coils;
fig. 2 is a series energy storage structure for the energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(a) according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a series energy storage structure for the energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(b) according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a series energy storage structure and a working process according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
figure 5 shows the performance test results of a single energy storage unit in example 1 of the present invention,
wherein, (a) the force curve of the permanent magnet, (b) the current change curve in the superconducting coil;
figure 6 shows the performance test results of the series energy storage structure of example 1 of the present invention,
wherein, (a) the stress curve of the permanent magnet and (b) the current change curve in the superconducting coil 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a series energy storage structure and a working process in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device is formed by connecting N (N belongs to N) energy storage units in series, all the energy storage units are coaxially arranged, the total energy storage capacity of the whole series energy storage structure is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the N energy storage units, and the total energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the N energy storage units.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage unit has two forms. As shown in fig. 1(a), the energy storage unit is composed of a closed superconducting coil and two permanent magnets with opposite polarities, the two permanent magnets are rigidly connected, the closed superconducting coil and the permanent magnets are coaxially arranged, and the axis of the second permanent magnet coincides with the axis of the closed superconducting coil. As shown in fig. 1(b), each energy storage unit is composed of a closed superconducting coil and three permanent magnets, the three permanent magnets are coaxially arranged and rigidly connected with each other, the polarities of the two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, the closed superconducting coil and the permanent magnets are coaxially arranged, and the axes of the third permanent magnet and the closed superconducting coil are superposed. The polarity of the permanent magnets in each energy storage unit can be as shown in fig. 1 or can be reversed completely.
For the energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(a), the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device proposed by the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The series energy storage structure can be composed of n energy storage units, and a permanent magnet is shared between adjacent energy storage units. The energy storage unit i (i ═ 1,2, … …, n-1) and the energy storage unit i +1 share the permanent magnet i +1, namely the whole series energy storage structure contains n superconducting coils and n +1 permanent magnets. Any two adjacent permanent magnets are rigidly connected by adopting a non-magnetic material, the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent permanent magnets is equal to the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent superconducting coils, and any two adjacent permanent magnets repel each other. The polarity of the permanent magnets may be as shown in fig. 2 or reversed completely.
With respect to the energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(a), the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device according to the present invention can complete a reverse energy release type energy storage-release cycle of mechanical energy-electromagnetic energy-mechanical energy, and the working process can be divided into two stages.
Energy storage process: the relative position of the permanent magnet and the superconducting coil in the series energy storage structure is defined as an initial position shown in fig. 2, that is, in the initial position, the permanent magnet i +1 and the superconducting coil i are in a concentric position. At this time, the superconducting coil is cooled to a superconducting state. All permanent magnets are then moved along the superconducting coil axis at a constant speed until permanent magnet i is concentric with superconducting coil i (this position is defined as the equilibrium position).
The energy release process is as follows: all the permanent magnets are returned from the equilibrium position to the initial position along the superconducting coil axis at a certain constant speed, i.e., permanent magnet i +1 is in a concentric position with superconducting coil i.
For the energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(b), the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device proposed by the present invention is shown in fig. 3. The series energy storage structure can be composed of n energy storage units, and two permanent magnets are shared between adjacent energy storage units. The energy storage unit i (i ═ 1,2, … …, n-1) and the energy storage unit i +1 adjacent to the energy storage unit i share the permanent magnet i +1 and the permanent magnet i +2, namely the whole series energy storage structure contains n superconducting coils and n +2 permanent magnets. Any two adjacent permanent magnets are rigidly connected by adopting a non-magnetic material, the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent permanent magnets is the same as the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent superconducting coils, and any two adjacent permanent magnets repel each other. The polarity of the permanent magnets may be as shown in fig. 3 or reversed completely.
For the energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(b), the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device according to the present invention can complete a mechanical energy-electromagnetic energy-mechanical energy co-directional energy release type energy storage-release cycle, and the working process can be divided into two stages.
Energy storage process: the relative position of the permanent magnet and the superconducting coil in the series energy storage structure is defined as an initial position shown in fig. 3, that is, in the initial position, the permanent magnet i +2 and the superconducting coil i are in a concentric position. At this time, the superconducting coil is cooled to a superconducting state. All permanent magnets are then moved along the superconducting coil axis at a certain constant speed until permanent magnet i +1 is concentric with superconducting coil i (this position is defined as the equilibrium position).
The energy release process is as follows: and (3) continuously moving all the permanent magnets from the balance position along the axis of the superconducting coil at a certain constant speed until the permanent magnet i and the superconducting coil i are in a concentric position.
If the energy storage capacity of each energy storage unit is defined as Ei(i ═ 1,2, … …, n), n energy storage units are connected in series by adopting the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device, and the energy storage capacity of the obtained series energy storage device can be expanded to be ∑ Ei。
Example 1:
the diameter of the permanent magnet used in the embodiment is 50mm, the height is 30mm, the number is N30, and the types and parameters of all the permanent magnets are the same. The superconducting coil used in the present embodiment is a 128-turn four-pancake coil, the inner diameter of the superconducting coil is 84mm, the outer diameter of the superconducting coil is 98mm, the height of the superconducting coil is 20mm, the inductance (L) of the superconducting coil is 1.47mH, and all the parameters of the superconducting coil are the same.
An energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(a) is formed by two permanent magnets and a superconducting coil, the polarities of the permanent magnets are shown in the figure, and the geometric center distance between the two permanent magnets is 108 mm. And fixedly placing the superconducting coil in a Dewar, cooling the superconducting coil to a superconducting state by using liquid nitrogen, finishing one-time reverse energy release type energy storage-release, and recording the stress of the permanent magnet and the current change condition in the superconducting coil in the process. The geometric center of the superconducting coil 1 is defined as the origin of a displacement axis, the displacement axis coincides with the sample axis, and the positive direction is towards the right along the axis. The displacement (x) is defined as the relative position of the geometric center of the permanent magnet 1 to the origin of coordinates in mm. In the representation and analysis of the experimental result, the force direction of the permanent magnet is positive along the left direction of the axis and negative along the downward direction.
As a result of the experiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the maximum value (I) of the current flowing in the coilmax) 58.5A, peak value of interaction force 49.8N, mechanical energy input during energy storage (integral of mechanical force versus displacement) about 2.77J, electromagnetic energy stored in coil (E)c＝1/2(LImax 2) About 2.52J, the mechanical energy output during energy release (integral of mechanical force versus displacement) is about 2.43J, and the energy conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to mechanical energy is about 87.7%.
A series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device, in which two (n ═ 2) identical energy storage units shown in fig. 1(a) are connected in series, is formed by using three permanent magnets and two superconducting coils. The polarities of the permanent magnets are as shown in fig. 4, and the geometric center distance between two adjacent permanent magnets is the same as the geometric center distance between two adjacent superconducting coils, and both the distances are 108 mm. After the two superconducting coils are fixedly placed in a Dewar and cooled to a superconducting state by liquid nitrogen, one-time reverse energy-releasing type energy storage-release is completed, and the process is shown in figure 4. And recording the stress of the permanent magnet and the current change in the superconducting coil in the process.
As shown in fig. 6, the peak values of the currents flowing through the two superconducting coils are almost the same, about 58.5A, the peak value of the interaction force is 101.7N, the mechanical energy input during the energy storage process is about 5.24J, the electromagnetic energy stored in the superconducting coils is about 5.03J, the mechanical energy output during the energy release process is about 4.60J, and the energy conversion efficiency from the mechanical energy to the mechanical energy is about 87.7%.
Comparing the two groups of results, the energy storage capacity of the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the contained energy storage units, and the energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the contained energy storage units.
Example 2:
the diameter of the permanent magnet used in the embodiment is 50mm, the height is 30mm, the number is N30, and the types and parameters of all the permanent magnets are the same. The superconducting coil used in the present embodiment is a 128-turn four-pancake coil, the inner diameter of the superconducting coil is 84mm, the outer diameter of the superconducting coil is 98mm, the height of the superconducting coil is 20mm, the inductance (L) of the superconducting coil is 1.47mH, and all the parameters of the superconducting coil are the same.
An energy storage unit shown in fig. 1(b) is formed by three permanent magnets and a superconducting coil, the polarities of the permanent magnets are shown in the figure, and the geometric center distance between every two adjacent permanent magnets is 108 mm. And fixedly placing the superconducting coil in a Dewar, cooling the superconducting coil to a superconducting state by using liquid nitrogen, finishing one-time homodromous energy storage-release, and recording the stress of the permanent magnet and the current change condition in the superconducting coil in the process. In this process, the maximum value (I) of the current flowing in the superconducting coilmax) 58.8A, the peak value of the interaction force is 50.2N, the mechanical energy input in the energy storage process is about 2.81J, the electromagnetic energy stored in the coil is about 2.54J, the mechanical energy output in the energy release process is about 2.45J, and the energy conversion efficiency from the mechanical energy to the mechanical energy is about 87.2%.
A series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device, in which two (n ═ 2) identical energy storage units shown in fig. 1(b) are connected in series, is formed by using four permanent magnets and two superconducting coils. The polarities of the permanent magnets are as shown in fig. 7, and the geometric center distance between two adjacent permanent magnets is the same as the geometric center distance between two adjacent superconducting coils, and both the distances are 108 mm. After the two superconducting coils are fixedly placed in a Dewar and cooled to a superconducting state by liquid nitrogen, one-time homodromous energy storage-release is completed, and the process is shown in figure 7. And recording the stress of the permanent magnet and the current change in the superconducting coil in the process. In the process, the currents flowing through the two superconducting coils are almost identical, the maximum value is about 58.8A, the peak value of the interaction force is 101.8N, the mechanical energy input in the energy storage process is about 5.18J, the electromagnetic energy stored in the superconducting coils is about 5.08J, the mechanical energy output in the energy release process is about 4.52J, and the energy conversion efficiency from the mechanical energy to the mechanical energy is about 87.2%.
Comparing the two groups of results, the energy storage capacity of the series energy storage structure of the superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the contained energy storage units, and the energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the contained energy storage units.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-time energy conversion/storage device is characterized in that N (N belongs to N) energy storage units are connected in series, all the energy storage units are coaxially arranged, the total energy storage capacity of the whole series energy storage structure is the sum of the energy storage capacities of the N energy storage units, and the total energy conversion efficiency is not lower than the minimum value of the energy conversion efficiency of the N energy storage units.
2. The series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-term energy conversion/storage device according to claim 1, wherein each energy storage unit is composed of a closed superconducting coil and two permanent magnets with opposite polarities, the closed superconducting coil and the permanent magnets are coaxially arranged, one permanent magnet is shared between adjacent energy storage units, and the whole series energy storage structure contains n superconducting coils and n +1 permanent magnets.
3. The series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-term energy conversion/storage device according to claim 1, wherein each energy storage unit is composed of a closed superconducting coil and three permanent magnets with opposite polarities, the closed superconducting coil and the permanent magnets are coaxially arranged, two permanent magnets are shared between adjacent energy storage units, and the whole series energy storage structure contains n superconducting coils and n +2 permanent magnets.
4. A series energy storage structure of a superconducting short-term energy conversion/storage device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein any two adjacent permanent magnets are rigidly connected by a non-magnetic material, and any two adjacent permanent magnets repel each other.
5. A series energy storage structure of superconducting short-term energy conversion/storage device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent permanent magnets is equal to the distance between the geometric centers of any two adjacent superconducting coils.
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