CN112146832A - Method for inhibiting super-amplitude of mechanical vibration table - Google Patents

Method for inhibiting super-amplitude of mechanical vibration table Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112146832A
CN112146832A CN202010921990.8A CN202010921990A CN112146832A CN 112146832 A CN112146832 A CN 112146832A CN 202010921990 A CN202010921990 A CN 202010921990A CN 112146832 A CN112146832 A CN 112146832A
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vibration table
eccentric adjusting
eccentric
amplitude
adjusting mechanisms
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CN112146832B (en
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王广林
潘旭东
李跃峰
王慧峰
邵东向
梁金光
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/022Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/04Monodirectional test stands

Abstract

The invention provides a method for inhibiting the super-amplitude of a mechanical vibration table, which comprises the steps of adjusting the mounting position of an eccentric adjusting mechanism on the vibration table to ensure that the vibration table only excites the exciting force in the vertical direction; starting the vibrating table, enabling all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms to reach a balance position through a control system, enabling the vibrating table to have no amplitude output, and closing the vibrating table; clamping a tested piece by using a special clamp; starting the vibration table again, and controlling the frequency converter to increase the working frequency of the vibration table to reach the rated working frequency; the control system controls the eccentric adjusting mechanism to generate eccentric amount, and the upper computer controls to realize the correction of the eccentric amount by feeding back information through the displacement sensor, so that the eccentric amounts of all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms are the same, the vibration table has amplitude output, and the vibration table starts a vibration test; and after the test is finished, the control system controls the eccentric adjusting mechanisms to be adjusted to the balance positions, and the vibration table is closed. The invention avoids amplitude step when the vibration table is started and stopped, and realizes non-stop adjustment.

Description

Method for inhibiting super-amplitude of mechanical vibration table
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fatigue tests of aviation and aerospace diaphragm parts, and particularly relates to a method for inhibiting the super-amplitude of a mechanical vibration table.
Background
The diaphragm is a high-precision elastic element, and when the valve works, the diaphragm can sense the pressure change to control the opening and the openness of the valve. During the working process, the pressure load is considered to be constant due to small pressure change, and the mainly borne cyclic load is only displacement load. The diaphragm is widely applied to control systems in the fields of aerospace and aviation, and the fatigue life of the diaphragm directly influences the reliability of the system, so that strict requirements on the fatigue life of the diaphragm in design and processing are met. The elastic element is a shock-proof element, the fatigue life is long, and the precision is required to not allow overload. The special application requirements enable the fatigue life test to be accurately close to the real working condition, so that the requirements on the frequency precision and the amplitude precision of the vibration are higher. It requires high reliability and even millions of fatigue tests. At present, domestic diaphragm professional manufacturers mainly adopt a large electromagnetic type vibration table to test the processed diaphragm, observe the diaphragm by a manual method, and judge the cycle number of the service life of the diaphragm by taking the pressure drop in a diaphragm cavity as a criterion. The method has more problems: the diaphragm fatigue life is long, and the test sample spare is many, needs the long time to occupy equipment, and large-scale electromagnetic type shaking table exists power big moreover, and the cost is expensive, is responsible for multiple test task, can't guarantee test time. The ultrathin elastic elements like the diaphragm parts are suitable for being tested by adopting a vibration table.
Since the mechanical vibration table has been developed relatively well in recent decades, but is affected by its own defects, no other type of vibration table has a wide application range, and few researches on the defects are performed.
The conventional mechanical vibration table has the phenomenon that the vibration amplitude of the vibration table is sharply increased when the external excitation frequency is close to or equal to the natural frequency of a vibration table system, and the phenomenon is called super-amplitude. The first method is to adopt a steel plate clamping mode to directly limit the amplitude of the table top of the vibration table. The other method is to adopt a variable damping method, a variable damper is added in the vibration table, the variable damper has the function of changing the damping size, the damping is increased before the vibration table is started and closed, when the frequency of the super-amplitude is reached, because the damping is very large, the energy can be consumed by the damping, the super-amplitude phenomenon can not be generated, and when the vibration table normally works, the damping is reduced, and the energy is saved.
The two methods have great defects, the first method has simple structure and low cost, but the added amplitude limiting steel plate is easy to damage and has low reliability because of the direct contact of the two metal materials. The variable damper added in the second method has poor adaptability and lacks the capability of random strain, the control system of the variable damper is relatively complicated, and the maintenance cost is also increased. Therefore, the above two methods cannot achieve the effect of suppressing the super-amplitude with low cost and high reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for suppressing the over-amplitude of a mechanical vibration table, which can avoid the phenomenon of amplitude step occurring when the external excitation frequency and the system natural frequency are close to each other during the start-up and stop processes. The working process tends to be automatic, and the production and maintenance cost of the vibrating table is reduced; the research blank in the field of suppressing the super-amplitude of the mechanical vibration table is filled, the mechanical vibration table can be widely applied, the mechanical vibration table can be used for replacing other vibration tables on more occasions, and the mechanical vibration table has the significance of reducing cost and improving benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for suppressing the over-amplitude of a mechanical vibration table comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the mounting position of an eccentric adjusting mechanism on the vibration table to ensure that the vibration table only excites the exciting force in the vertical direction;
step two: starting the vibrating table, controlling all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms to reach a balance position through a control system, enabling the vibrating table to have no amplitude output, and closing the vibrating table;
step three: clamping a tested test piece by using a special clamp;
step four: starting the vibration table again, controlling the frequency converter to increase the working frequency of the vibration table to reach the rated working frequency, and keeping the rated working frequency;
step five: the eccentric adjusting mechanism is controlled to deviate from a balance position through the control system to generate an eccentric amount, information is fed back through the displacement sensor, the upper computer controls to realize the correction of the eccentric amount, the eccentric amounts of all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms are the same, the eccentric amount of the rotating eccentric adjusting mechanism excites an exciting force to enable the vibration table to have amplitude output, and the vibration table starts a vibration test;
step six: keeping the rated amplitude and frequency of the vibration table unchanged, and finishing the vibration test;
step seven: after the test is finished, the eccentric adjusting mechanism is controlled by the control system to be completely adjusted to the balance position again, and then the vibration table is closed.
Further, in the first step, four sets of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged, two rotating shafts are arranged, two sets of the four sets of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged at two ends of the same rotating shaft in a pairwise mode, the installation positions of the four sets of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the vibrating table are adjusted, so that the two sets of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same rotating shaft are the same in phase, and the phase difference of the two sets of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same side is 180 degrees.
Furthermore, each group of eccentric adjusting mechanisms comprises a stepping motor, a screw rod, a power module, a wireless receiving module and a battery box, wherein the stepping motor drives the screw rod to rotate, the screw rod is matched with a sliding block, the power module is fixed in the battery box, the wireless receiving module is fixed outside the battery box, and the battery box is fixed on the sliding block; the power supply module supplies power to the wireless receiving module.
Further, the balance position in the second step is: the mass center of the mass block formed by the battery box, the wireless receiving module and the sliding block is on the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft.
Furthermore, in the second step, after the phase adjustment is finished, the vibration table is started, the wireless control system controls the sliding blocks of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms to move, the information is fed back through the displacement sensor, and the upper computer controls the balance position correction of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms to enable the sliding blocks of all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms to reach the balance position.
Furthermore, in the fifth step, when the vibration table outputs amplitude, the abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanisms are judged through amplitude signals collected by the four displacement sensors, and the wireless control system is used for independently adjusting the abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanisms, so that the same eccentric amount of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms is ensured, and the correction of the eccentric amount is completed.
Furthermore, four displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the vibration table corresponding to each group of eccentric adjusting mechanisms and electrically connected with the wireless control system, the wireless receiving module receives signals transmitted by the wireless control system and transmits the signals to respective controllers, and the controllers control the corresponding stepping motors to operate, adjust the position of the sliding block and reach the balance position or deviate from the balance position.
Further, in the fifth step, the output amplitude of the vibration table is obtained according to the eccentricity of the screw rod driven by the stepping motor to rotate the adjusting slide block.
Furthermore, the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged in equal mass and equal volume.
Furthermore, the special fixture is connected with the base of the vibration table.
Compared with the prior art, the method for inhibiting the super-amplitude of the mechanical vibration table has the following advantages:
1. the wireless control system controls the lead screws of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanism stepping motors to rotate so as to enable the sliding blocks to move left and right, the existing amplitude adjusting mode is changed, the control method is very simple, the complexity of a mechanical structure and control can be greatly reduced, the production and maintenance cost of equipment is also reduced, and the stability and reliability of the system are improved.
2. Battery case and wireless module install on little slider, and battery case and wireless module and slider are regarded as treating eccentric quality piece jointly, remove extra addition quality piece from.
3. The method comprises the steps that four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are installed on a super-amplitude suppression type mechanical vibration table, phase angles of two pairs of eccentric adjusting devices are adjusted firstly, horizontal component forces of the two pairs of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are mutually offset, and only vertical force exists; then the stepping motor in the eccentric adjusting mechanism is controlled to increase or decrease the eccentricity of the eccentric sliding block, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing or decreasing the amplitude.
4. The correction of the eccentricity of the eccentric adjusting mechanism is carried out without stopping the mechanical vibration table, the correction is real-time and reliable, and the performance of the vibration table is fully exerted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical vibration table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a sliding block 1, a displacement sensor 2, a stepping motor 3, a lead screw 4, a wireless receiving module 5, a vibrating table top 6, a battery box 7, a first rotating shaft 8, a three-phase asynchronous motor 9 and a second rotating shaft 10.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The mechanical vibration table comprises a power assembly, a transmission assembly and four groups of wireless eccentric adjusting mechanisms, wherein the power assembly, the transmission assembly and the four groups of wireless eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged below a table top 6 of the vibration table; the four groups of wireless eccentric adjusting mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the first rotating shaft 8 and two ends of the second rotating shaft 10;
each group of eccentric adjusting mechanisms comprises a stepping motor 3, a lead screw 4, a power supply module, a wireless receiving module 5 and a battery box 7, wherein the stepping motor 3 drives the lead screw 4 to rotate, the lead screw 4 is matched with a sliding block 1, the power supply module is fixed in the battery box 7, the wireless receiving module 5 is fixed outside the battery box 7, and the battery box 7 is fixed on the sliding block 1; the power supply module supplies power to the wireless receiving module 5.
Wherein, the power component is a three-phase asynchronous motor 9, and the transmission component is a belt transmission mechanism; four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the first rotating shaft 8 and two ends of the second rotating shaft 10 through a connecting shaft device, the four groups of wireless eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged in an equal mass and equal volume mode, the phases of the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same shaft are the same, the phase difference of the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same side is 10 degrees, the forces in the horizontal direction can be mutually counteracted during rotation, and the forces in the vertical direction are mutually superposed, so that the horizontal direction cannot shake, and the vibration displacement only in the vertical direction can be realized;
the three-phase asynchronous motor 9 is electrically connected with the frequency converter, the upper computer controls the frequency converter to adjust the working frequency of the three-phase asynchronous motor 9, and in the operation process of the mechanical vibration table, the three-phase asynchronous motor 9 can realize the change from 0 to 20 revolutions per second and has the effect of increasing the speed by the synchronous belt wheel, so that the working frequency of the vibration table can reach 0 to 30 Hz.
And a displacement sensor 2 for acquiring the amplitude of the vibration table is respectively arranged on the supporting side plate and close to each group of eccentric adjusting mechanisms. Each displacement sensor 2 of gathering the shaking table amplitude all sets up and is close to every eccentric adjustment mechanism department of group on the shaking table, and four displacement sensors 2 are connected with wireless control system electricity, wireless control system includes the host computer, and the host computer launches single track or multichannel signal, and corresponding wireless receiving module will receive the signal transmission of host computer transmission to respective controller, the operation of corresponding step motor of controller control.
Slider 1 has four screw holes, and the countersunk head screw hole is left to the bottom of battery case 7, and battery case 7 passes through the screw connection with slider 1, and bolted connection is passed through with the top cap in the top of battery case, is equipped with a plurality of copper posts that are used for being connected with wireless module on the top cap.
The method for suppressing the super-amplitude of the mechanical vibration table comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the positions of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms to ensure that the phases of the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same rotating shaft are the same, and the phase difference of the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same side is 180 degrees; when the two rotating shafts rotate synchronously, because the rotating directions are opposite, the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same side can offset the forces except the vertical direction, only the exciting force in the vertical direction is reserved, the shaking condition is avoided, and the vibrating table is used for ensuring the stable and reliable work of the vibrating table;
step two: after the phase adjustment, start the shaking table, through the slider 1 of four eccentric adjustment mechanisms of wireless control system control all adjusts to reaching the equilibrium position, specifically is: the wireless receiving module 5 is used for receiving signals transmitted by a wireless control system and transmitting the signals to respective controllers, the controllers are used for controlling the stepping motors 3 in the corresponding wireless eccentric mechanisms to rotate, adjusting the positions of the sliding blocks 1, feeding back information through the displacement sensors, and the upper computer is used for controlling and realizing the balance position correction of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms, so that all the sliding blocks of the eccentric adjusting mechanisms reach the balance positions, the vibration table has no amplitude output, the position of the sliding block 1 is kept unchanged, and the vibration table is closed; the equilibrium position is: the mass center of the mass block formed by the battery box 7, the wireless receiving module 5 and the sliding block 1 is on the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft;
step three: clamping a tested piece by using a special clamp, wherein the special clamp is matched with the vibration table and is connected with the vibration table base;
step four: starting the vibration table again in a state without amplitude output, controlling the frequency converter to increase the working frequency of the vibration table, and continuously increasing the working frequency of the vibration table to reach the rated working frequency and keep the rated working frequency because no amplitude output exists at the moment and the phenomenon of amplitude increase still does not occur when the natural frequency is reached;
step five: the slider 1 of four eccentric adjustment mechanism of group is adjusted to whole balanced position that deviates simultaneously through the control of wireless control system, specifically is: the wireless receiving module 5 is used for receiving signals transmitted by a wireless control system and transmitting the signals to respective controllers, the controllers are used for controlling the stepping motors 3 in the corresponding wireless eccentric mechanisms to rotate, the positions of the sliding blocks 1 are adjusted and deviate from a balance position, the wireless control system is used for receiving amplitude signals collected by the four sensors 2, and an upper computer of the wireless control system judges an abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanism through the amplitude signals collected by the four sensors 2, so that the signals are transmitted independently to control the abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanism to adjust the abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanism, the eccentric amounts of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are ensured to be the same, and the correction of the eccentric amounts is completed; because the eccentric amount exists, and the eccentric adjusting mechanism rotates at high speed, the exciting force is generated to enable the vibration table to have amplitude output, and the amplitude output of the vibration table is obtained by adjusting the eccentric amount of the sliding block 1 according to the lead screw 4 of the stepping motor 3;
step six: keeping the rated amplitude and frequency unchanged, and finishing the vibration test;
step seven: after the test is finished, the wireless control system controls the sliding blocks 1 of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms to be adjusted to the balance position again.
The battery box 7 and the wireless receiving module 5 are arranged on the sliding block 1 of the stepping motor 3, the sliding block 1 is driven by the lead screw 4 to move, when the mass center of the mass block formed by the battery box 7, the wireless receiving module 5 and the sliding block 1 is on the axis of the rotating shaft, the eccentric adjusting mechanism does not output exciting force at the moment, and amplitude output does not exist, so that the phenomenon of over-amplitude cannot be generated.
The method for inhibiting the super-amplitude of the mechanical vibration table by using the wireless control eccentric adjusting mechanism can avoid the phenomenon of amplitude step when an internal excitation source is close to the natural frequency of a system in the starting and stopping processes of the vibration table, and the working process tends to be automatic, so that the production and maintenance costs of the vibration table are reduced; and the function of adjusting the amplitude without stopping the machine is realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A method for suppressing the super-amplitude of a mechanical vibration table is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the mounting position of an eccentric adjusting mechanism on the vibration table to ensure that the vibration table only excites the exciting force in the vertical direction;
step two: starting the vibrating table, controlling all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms to reach a balance position through a control system, enabling the vibrating table to have no amplitude output, and closing the vibrating table;
step three: clamping a tested test piece by using a special clamp;
step four: starting the vibration table again, controlling the frequency converter to increase the working frequency of the vibration table to reach the rated working frequency, and keeping the rated working frequency;
step five: the eccentric adjusting mechanism is controlled to deviate from a balance position through the control system to generate an eccentric amount, information is fed back through the displacement sensor, the upper computer controls to realize the correction of the eccentric amount, the eccentric amounts of all the eccentric adjusting mechanisms are the same, the eccentric amount of the rotating eccentric adjusting mechanism excites an exciting force to enable the vibration table to have amplitude output, and the vibration table starts a vibration test;
step six: keeping the rated amplitude and frequency of the vibration table unchanged, and finishing the vibration test;
step seven: after the test is finished, the eccentric adjusting mechanism is controlled by the control system to be completely adjusted to the balance position again, and then the vibration table is closed.
2. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged, two rotating shafts are arranged, the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged at two ends of the same rotating shaft in a pairwise mode, the mounting positions of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the vibrating table are adjusted, the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same rotating shaft are enabled to be identical in phase, and the phase difference of the two groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms on the same side is 180 degrees.
3. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 2, wherein: each group of eccentric adjusting mechanisms comprises a stepping motor (3), a lead screw (4), a power module, a wireless receiving module (5) and a battery box (7), wherein the stepping motor (3) drives the lead screw (4) to rotate, the lead screw (4) is matched with a sliding block (1), the power module is fixed in the battery box (7), the wireless receiving module (5) is fixed outside the battery box (7), and the battery box (7) is fixed on the sliding block (1); the power supply module supplies power to the wireless receiving module (5).
4. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 3, wherein: the balance position in the second step is as follows: the mass center of the mass block formed by the battery box (7), the wireless receiving module (5) and the sliding block (1) is on the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft.
5. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 3, wherein: and in the second step, after the phase adjustment is finished, starting the vibration table, controlling the sliding blocks (1) of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms to move through the wireless control system, feeding back information through the displacement sensor, and controlling the upper computer to realize the balance position correction of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms so that all the sliding blocks of the eccentric adjusting mechanisms reach the balance position.
6. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 3, wherein: and in the fifth step, when the vibration table outputs amplitude, the abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanisms are judged through the amplitude signals collected by the four displacement sensors (2), and the abnormal eccentric adjusting mechanisms are independently adjusted through the wireless control system, so that the eccentric amounts of the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are the same, and the eccentric amount correction is completed.
7. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 6, wherein: the four displacement sensors (2) are respectively arranged on the vibration table corresponding to each group of eccentric adjusting mechanisms, the four displacement sensors (2) are electrically connected with the wireless control system, the wireless receiving module (5) receives signals transmitted by the wireless control system and transmits the signals to respective controllers, and the controllers control the operation of corresponding stepping motors, adjust the position of the sliding block (1) and reach the balance position or deviate from the balance position.
8. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the output amplitude of the vibration table is obtained according to the eccentric amount of the adjusting slide block (1) which is driven by the stepping motor (3) to rotate the lead screw (4).
9. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 2, wherein: the four groups of eccentric adjusting mechanisms are arranged in equal mass and equal volume.
10. The method for suppressing the excessive amplitude of the mechanical oscillating table according to claim 1, wherein: the special fixture is connected with the base of the vibration table.
CN202010921990.8A 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 Method for inhibiting super-amplitude of mechanical vibration table Active CN112146832B (en)

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CN2801299Y (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-02 徐州工程机械科技股份有限公司徐工研究院 Single shaft stepless modulation vibration working device
US20180161818A1 (en) * 2014-02-24 2018-06-14 Byung Man Kwak Vibration generator using phase difference for amplitude control and method thereof
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