CN112145437B - 一种自吸式单级泵 - Google Patents

一种自吸式单级泵 Download PDF

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CN112145437B
CN112145437B CN202011063295.9A CN202011063295A CN112145437B CN 112145437 B CN112145437 B CN 112145437B CN 202011063295 A CN202011063295 A CN 202011063295A CN 112145437 B CN112145437 B CN 112145437B
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pump
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cavity
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CN112145437A (zh
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徐国华
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Heilongjiang Wojin Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
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Yongjia Qida Intellectual Property Consulting Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/344—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C18/3441—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00—Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/04—Priming; Preventing vapour lock using priming pumps; using booster pumps to prevent vapour-lock

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种自吸式单级泵，包括有泵体、泵盖、叶轮、泵轴和电机，泵体内设有泵腔、进口腔和出口腔，叶轮配设于泵腔内，泵盖盖设于泵体右侧开口上，泵轴可转动穿设于泵盖上，且泵轴左端与叶轮传动相连，泵轴右端与电机传动相连，其特征在于：泵盖内设有转套，转套可转动套设于泵轴上，转套左段与泵盖之间设有负压产生机构，且负压产生机构由转套驱动，相应的泵盖上设有单向进气阀和单向排气阀，转套右段与泵轴之间设有联动切换机构，出口腔外侧设有进液腔，进液腔连通出口腔，进液腔内设有可左右移动的推板，推板由出口腔内的液体驱动，且推板配设有第一复位弹簧，推板上连接有横推杆，横推杆与联动切换机构传动相连。本发明无需灌泵、方便使用。

Description

一种自吸式单级泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泵的改进发明，尤其涉及一种自吸式单级泵的改进发明。
背景技术
泵被广泛的应用在化工和石油部门的生产、农业生产、矿业和冶金工业、电力部门、核电站、国防建设、制药、水利等行业中，泵是利用叶轮旋转而使水或油发生离心运动来工作的。水泵或油泵在启动前，必须使泵体内腔和吸水管内充满水或油，然后启动电机，使泵轴带动叶轮和水或油做高速旋转运动，水或油发生离心运动，被甩向叶轮外缘，经泵体内流道流入水泵或油的压水管路或压油管路，其缺点在于：由于大部分离心泵泵在启动前，泵体内腔没有充满水或油，如果此时启动电机带动叶轮旋转，无法使泵体内腔产生真空，即无法使吸水管内或吸油管内的水或油被吸到泵体内腔，从而经由泵体内流道排出，因此需要在启动电机前，人工将水或油灌满泵体内腔，俗称"灌泵"，具有使用繁琐、成本高、影响效率、影响安全的技术缺陷。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种无需灌泵、方便使用的自吸式单级泵。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明是采用如下技术方案来实现的：该种自吸式单级泵，包括有泵体、泵盖、叶轮、泵轴和电机，所述泵体内设有泵腔及连通泵腔左侧的进口腔与连通泵腔上侧的出口腔，所述叶轮配设于泵腔内，所述泵盖盖设于泵体右侧开口上，所述泵轴可转动穿设于泵盖上，且泵轴左端与叶轮传动相连，泵轴右端与电机传动相连，其特征在于：所述泵盖内设有转套，转套可转动套设于泵轴上，所述转套左段与泵盖之间设有负压产生机构，且负压产生机构由转套驱动，相应的泵盖上设有连通负压产生机构与泵腔的单向进气阀以及连通负压产生机构与外界的单向排气阀，所述转套右段与泵轴之间设有联动切换机构，该联动切换机构由出口腔内的液体驱动，相应的出口腔外侧设有进液腔，进液腔连通出口腔，进液腔内设有可左右移动的推板，推板由出口腔内的液体驱动，且推板配设有第一复位弹簧，推板上连接有横推杆，横推杆与联动切换机构传动相连。
所述负压产生机构包括有若干转片，转片可伸缩安装于转套的径向槽内，转片外端密封贴合泵盖内腔壁，且转片内端与径向槽之间设有碟簧，所述转套偏心设置于泵盖内腔里。
所述联动切换机构包括有键和切换套，所述切换套可左右移动套设于泵轴上，该切换套由横推杆驱动，且切换套配设有第二复位弹簧，切换套上设有安装槽，键可上下移动设置于安装槽内，且键配设有第三复位弹簧，所述转套内圆上设有上键槽，泵轴外圆上设有下键槽，且下键槽的右槽壁设置为斜导面，所述上键槽与下键槽可同时与键传动配合，且在切换套右移时，键在斜导面的作用下上移脱离下键槽。
所述第三复位弹簧为片式弹簧，片式弹簧水平连接于安装槽内，所述键的前后两侧设有肩阶，肩阶与片式弹簧限位配合。
本发明的有益效果是改进后的自吸式单级泵，无需灌泵，能自动吸除泵体内腔和吸水管内腔气体，在泵正常排液的时候，能停止抽气的运行，具有安全性强、可靠性高的优点；抽气不需要单独设置电机，具有提高效率、节约成本的优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明的吸气进液状态图。
图2为本发明的停止吸气排液状态图。
图3为本发明图1的E-E剖视图。
图4为本发明图1的D-D剖视图。
具体实施方式
附图表示了本发明的结构，下面再结合附图进一步说明其有关细节。本实施例中，该自吸式单级泵，包括有泵体1、泵盖26、叶轮4、泵轴28和电机22，所述泵体1内设有泵腔及连通泵腔左侧的进口腔2与连通泵腔上侧的出口腔7，进口腔2与吸水管连通，所述叶轮4配设于泵腔内，叶轮4所在区域为蜗腔，叶轮4与进口腔2之间设有密封圈3，所述泵盖26盖设于泵体1右侧开口上，所述泵轴28可转动穿设于泵盖26上，且泵轴28左端与叶轮4传动相连，泵轴28右端与电机22传动相连，所述泵盖26具有盖体及封设于盖体左端的压盖6及连接于盖体右端的端盖，所述泵盖26内设有转套25，转套25可转动套设于泵轴28上，所述转套25左段与泵盖26之间设有负压产生机构，且负压产生机构由转套25驱动，相应的泵盖26上设有连通负压产生机构与泵腔的单向进气阀5以及连通负压产生机构与外界的单向排气阀27，所述转套25右段与泵轴28之间设有联动切换机构，实现转套25与泵轴28之间的联动或联动解除，该联动切换机构由出口腔7内的液体驱动，相应的出口腔7外侧设有进液腔9，进液腔9通过进液孔8连通出口腔7，进液腔9内设有可左右移动的推板10，推板10由出口腔7内的液体驱动，且推板10配设有第一复位弹簧11，推板10上连接有横推杆13，横推杆13与联动切换机构传动相连。
作为进一步改进的具体实施方式，所述负压产生机构包括有若干转片12，转片12可伸缩安装于转套25的径向槽内，转片12外端密封贴合泵盖26内腔壁，且转片12内端与径向槽之间设有碟簧14，所述转套25偏心设置于泵盖26内腔里。工作时，转片12在蝶簧的作用下，转片12外端与泵盖26内腔壁之间形成密封接触，由于转套25轴线与泵盖26内腔轴线不重合，形成一定偏差值T，转套25转动过程中，相邻两转片12之间的吸排气腔的体积由小变大，再由大变小，循环变化，当体积由小变大时，吸排气腔内产生负压，吸水管、进口腔2、蜗腔和出口腔7内的气体通过单向进气阀5进入吸排气腔，当吸排气腔的体积由大变小时，吸排气腔内的气体压缩，气体压力升高，并通过单向排气阀27排出，实现抽气--排气--抽气--排气，依次循环。
作为进一步改进的具体实施方式，所述联动切换机构包括有键17和切换套19，所述切换套19可左右移动套设于泵轴28上，该切换套19由横推杆13驱动，相应的横推杆13连接有竖推杆20，切换套19右端设有切换板29，竖推杆20与切换板29左侧面接触传动，泵盖26上设有供竖推杆20穿入并左右移动的镂空，且切换套19配设有第二复位弹簧21，切换套19上设有安装槽15，键17可上下移动设置于安装槽15内，且键17配设有第三复位弹簧16，所述转套25内圆上设有上键槽18，泵轴28外圆上设有下键槽24，且下键槽24的右槽壁设置为斜导面23，所述上键槽18与下键槽24可同时与键17传动配合，且在切换套19右移时，键17在斜导面23的作用下上移脱离下键槽24。
作为进一步改进的具体实施方式，所述第三复位弹簧16为片式弹簧，片式弹簧水平连接于安装槽15内，相应的片式弹簧一端固定于安装槽15一侧壁上，另一端可移动置于安装槽15另一侧壁的卡槽内，所述键17的前后两侧设有肩阶，肩阶与片式弹簧限位配合。
本发明的开启过程：启动电机22，带动泵轴28旋转，泵轴28带动叶轮4和转套25旋转，负压产生机构开始工作，产生负压，吸出吸水管、进口腔2、蜗腔和出口腔7内的气体，使其充满液体介质，此时泵体1可正常工作，泵腔内的液体介质向外排出，同时，出口腔7的液体介质进入进液腔9，并推动推板10和横推杆13右移，并带动竖推杆20右移，再带动切换套19右移，键17在斜导面23的作用下，在右移的同时向上移动，最终键17脱离下键槽24，第二复位弹簧21压缩，泵轴28转动时，无法继续带动切换套19、转套25转动，不再进行吸排气工作。
本发明的关闭过程：关闭电机22，泵轴28停止旋转，推板10在第一复位弹簧11的作用下向左移动，进液腔9内的液体排出至出口腔7内，并带动横推杆13和竖推杆20左移，切换套19在第二复位弹簧21的作用下向左移动，由于斜导面23与第三复位弹簧16的作用下，键17的下部进入下键槽24内，（如果键17的位置没有与下键槽24、斜导面23在同一平面，则在电动带动泵轴28旋转，键17在第三复位弹簧16的作用下，当键17与下键槽24在同一平面时，键17在第三复位弹簧16的作用下，键17的下部会瞬时进入下键槽24内）。
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种自吸式单级泵，包括有泵体、泵盖、叶轮、泵轴和电机，所述泵体内设有泵腔及连通泵腔左侧的进口腔与连通泵腔上侧的出口腔，所述叶轮配设于泵腔内，所述泵盖盖设于泵体右侧开口上，所述泵轴可转动穿设于泵盖上，且泵轴左端与叶轮传动相连，泵轴右端与电机传动相连，其特征在于：所述泵盖内设有转套，转套可转动套设于泵轴上，所述转套左段与泵盖之间设有负压产生机构，且负压产生机构由转套驱动，相应的泵盖上设有连通负压产生机构与泵腔的单向进气阀以及连通负压产生机构与外界的单向排气阀，所述转套右段与泵轴之间设有联动切换机构，该联动切换机构由出口腔内的液体驱动，相应的出口腔外侧设有进液腔，进液腔连通出口腔，进液腔内设有可左右移动的推板，推板由出口腔内的液体驱动，且推板配设有第一复位弹簧，推板上连接有横推杆，横推杆与联动切换机构传动相连；所述联动切换机构包括有键和切换套，所述切换套可左右移动套设于泵轴上，该切换套由横推杆驱动，且切换套配设有第二复位弹簧，切换套上设有安装槽，键可上下移动设置于安装槽内，且键配设有第三复位弹簧，所述转套内圆上设有上键槽，泵轴外圆上设有下键槽，且下键槽的右槽壁设置为斜导面，所述上键槽与下键槽可同时与键传动配合，且在切换套右移时，键在斜导面的作用下上移脱离下键槽。
2.如权利要求1所述的自吸式单级泵，其特征在于：所述负压产生机构包括有若干转片，转片可伸缩安装于转套的径向槽内，转片外端密封贴合泵盖内腔壁，且转片内端与径向槽之间设有碟簧，所述转套偏心设置于泵盖内腔里。
3.如权利要求1所述的自吸式单级泵，其特征在于：所述第三复位弹簧为片式弹簧，片式弹簧水平连接于安装槽内，所述键的前后两侧设有肩阶，肩阶与片式弹簧限位配合。
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