CN112143626A

CN112143626A - Plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device

Info

Publication number: CN112143626A
Application number: CN202011081538.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴金凤
Original assignee: Guangzhou Isoda Biomedical Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Tang Hao
Priority date: 2020-10-12
Filing date: 2020-10-12
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-12
Also published as: CN112143626B

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device, which comprises a protective shell, wherein an equipment cavity is arranged in the protective shell, the plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device has a centrifugal function and can automatically carry out ultrafiltration separation on centrifuged supernatant after centrifugation is finished, when the separation is carried out, the invention can pressurize the filter pipe to improve the efficiency, and can also pressurize reversely at regular time to ensure that the filter screen is not blocked, thereby greatly increasing the filtering speed and the filtering purity, and can store the exosome and other waste liquid separately after the filtering is finished, therefore, the exosome is prevented from being polluted, the device can also ensure that the low temperature is kept in the separation and extraction process, experimenters can select to immediately obtain the exosome or temporarily store the exosome, the built-in test tube can be independently taken out, the content in each stage can be checked at any time, and the operation is simple and convenient to research.

Description

Plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of nano-organism extraction, in particular to a plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device.

Background

The exosome is a vesicle with the diameter of 30-100 nm, is widely distributed in various body fluids, can carry protein to transport RNA, and has an important role, due to the special structure and the function of the exosome, the exosome has great research and application values, a plurality of methods for separating and extracting the exosome are provided, but no matter which method is adopted, the steps are complicated, the operation amount is not large each time, the purity is also unequal, and the slow research progress caused by the extraction efficiency and the undersize purity of the exosome is not worth, so that a device with the advantages of rapidness, convenience and high efficiency needs to be designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device, and solves the problems of low efficiency and low purity of exosome separation and extraction.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

The invention relates to a plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device, which comprises a protective shell, wherein an equipment cavity is arranged in the protective shell, a separation and extraction mechanism is arranged in the equipment cavity, a first driving rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the protective shell positioned at the rear end of the equipment cavity, a long ratchet wheel is fixedly arranged on the first driving rotating shaft, a centrifugal disc is fixedly arranged on the long ratchet wheel, a circle of four centrifuge tubes are sequentially arranged in the centrifugal disc, a feed inlet of each centrifuge tube is arranged at the front end of the centrifugal disc, a sealing cover is arranged at the front end of each centrifuge tube, a first recovery tube is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the centrifugal disc positioned at the upper side of each centrifuge tube, a recovery pipeline is connected between the first recovery tube and each centrifuge tube, a first slide bar extending to the equipment cavity is slidably arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned at the left side of each centrifuge tube, and a layering discharge button is fixedly arranged on the first slide bar positioned, the layered discharge button is provided with a first spring between the centrifugal disc, a first rack is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the first sliding rod, the centrifugal disc positioned at the lower side of the first rack is provided with a first valve rotating shaft extending into the centrifugal tube in a rotating manner, the first valve rotating shaft positioned at the lower side of the first rack is fixedly provided with a first valve gear, the first valve gear can be meshed with the first rack, the spatial distance that the first rack can slide down just enables the first valve gear to rotate a quarter circle, the first valve rotating shaft positioned in the centrifugal tube is fixedly provided with a first valve, the centrifugal disc positioned at the right side of the centrifugal tube is provided with a supernatant collecting tube, the centrifugal disc positioned at the lower end of the supernatant collecting tube is provided with an exosome obtaining tube, and the upper end of the exosome obtaining tube is provided with a first filter screen, a filtrate collecting pipe extending to the equipment cavity is arranged in the centrifugal disc at the lower end of the exosome obtaining pipe, a second filter screen is arranged at the upper end of the filtrate collecting pipe, an air inlet and outlet pipeline extending to the outside of the centrifugal disc is arranged at the left end of the second filter screen, a hole is formed in the left end of the supernatant collecting pipe, a hole is formed in the right end of the centrifugal tube, a first flow pipeline is arranged between the left end hole of the supernatant collecting pipe and the right end hole of the centrifugal tube in a butt joint mode, a second valve rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc at the left end of the first flow pipeline, a first valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the front end of the second valve rotating shaft, a second valve is fixedly arranged on the second valve rotating shaft in the first flow pipeline, a third valve rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc at the front side of the second valve rotating shaft, and a second valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the left end of the third valve rotating, the second valve bevel gear can be meshed with the first valve bevel gear, a second valve gear is fixedly arranged at the right end of a third valve rotating shaft, a second sliding rod extending to the equipment cavity is arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the second valve gear in a sliding manner, a second rack is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the second sliding rod, the second rack can be meshed with the second valve gear, the second rack can slide down for a space distance which just enables the second valve gear to rotate for a quarter of a turn, a supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe is arranged in the centrifugal disc positioned on the right side of the supernatant liquid collecting pipe, a supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe extending to the equipment cavity is arranged in the centrifugal disc positioned at the lower end of the supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe, an exosome storage pipe is arranged in the centrifugal disc, the supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe and the left end of the exosome storage pipe are provided with holes, the supernatant collecting pipe and the exosome obtaining pipe are provided with holes, a second flow pipeline is arranged between the left end hole of the supernatant unfiltered liquid recovering pipe and the right end hole of the supernatant collecting pipe in a butt joint mode, a third flow pipe is arranged between the left end hole of the exosome storing pipe and the right end hole of the exosome obtaining pipe in a butt joint mode, a fourth valve rotating shaft extending into the third flow pipe is rotatably arranged at the left end of the second flow pipeline, a third valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fourth valve rotating shaft, a fifth valve rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the third valve bevel gear, a fourth valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the left end of the fifth valve rotating shaft and can be meshed with the third valve bevel gear, and a third valve is fixedly arranged on the fourth valve rotating shaft positioned in the second flow pipeline, a fourth valve is fixedly arranged on the fourth valve rotating shaft positioned in the third flow tube, a third valve gear is fixedly arranged on the fifth valve rotating shaft positioned on the right side of the fourth valve bevel gear, a third sliding rod extending to the equipment cavity is slidably arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the third valve gear, a third rack is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the third sliding rod and can be meshed with the third valve gear, the third rack can slide down for a space distance which just enables the third valve gear to rotate for a quarter of a circle, a first fixed block is fixedly arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the front side of the supernatant collecting tube, a sixth valve rotating shaft penetrating through the first fixed block is rotatably arranged on the first fixed block, and a first connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the sixth valve rotating shaft positioned on the lower side of the first fixed block, a fixed shaft is fixedly arranged on the first fixed block at the rear side of the sixth valve rotating shaft, a second connecting rod is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft, a third connecting rod is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft at the lower side of the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is hinged with the upper end of the second slide rod, the third connecting rod is hinged with the upper end of the third slide rod, an outer ring protective wall is arranged at the front end of the centrifugal disc, a gear ring is slidably arranged on the outer ring protective wall at the front end of the centrifugal disc, a fifth valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged on a book searching sixth valve rotating shaft at the upper side of the first fixed block, a seventh valve rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc at the upper side of the fifth valve bevel gear, a sixth valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the seventh valve rotating shaft and can be meshed with the fifth valve bevel gear, and a seventh rotating shaft valve is fixedly arranged on the fourth valve gear at the rear side of the sixth valve bevel gear, the seventh valve rotating shaft can be meshed with the gear ring, a fourth connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the gear ring on the right side of the fourth valve gear, an electronic control hydraulic rod is fixedly arranged on the centrifugal disc on the right side of the fourth connecting rod, and the right end of the electronic control hydraulic rod is hinged to the fourth connecting rod.

Preferably, the equipment cavity contains a pressurizing anti-blocking mechanism, the upper end of the centrifugal disc positioned in the outer ring protection wall is fixedly provided with an inner ring protection wall, the first driving rotating shaft positioned at the upper end of the centrifugal disc is fixedly provided with a large bevel gear, the upper end of the outer ring protection wall is rotatably provided with a first rotating shaft penetrating through the inner ring protection wall, the first rotating shaft positioned in the inner ring protection wall is provided with a pushing slide block in a sliding manner, the first rotating shaft positioned at the upper end of the pushing slide block is provided with a first bevel gear in a spline connection manner, the first bevel gear can be meshed with the large bevel gear, a first spring is arranged between the first bevel gear and the inner ring protection wall, the first rotating shaft positioned at the outer side of the inner ring protection wall is fixedly provided with a second bevel gear, and the centrifugal disc positioned at the upper side of the inner ring protection wall is rotatably provided with a, the fixed third bevel gear that is equipped with in the second pivot, the third bevel gear can with the meshing of second bevel gear is located third bevel gear rear side the fixed first gear that is equipped with in the second pivot is located first gear is left rotate on the centrifugal disk and is equipped with the third pivot, the fixed second gear that is equipped with in the third pivot, the fixed first smooth axle that is equipped with in second gear front end is located the second gear upside be equipped with the piston barrel on the centrifugal disk, it is equipped with the piston rod to slide in the piston barrel, the piston rod lower extreme is equipped with the connecting rod that has the through-hole, first smooth axle can slide in the connecting rod that has the through-hole, the piston barrel upper end is equipped with and is connected to the trachea that the pipe was collected to the supernatant.

Preferably, a fourth rotating shaft penetrating through the inner ring protection wall is rotatably arranged on the inner ring protection wall on the left side of the first rotating shaft, a third bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the fourth rotating shaft in the inner ring protection wall and can be meshed with the large bevel gear, a fourth bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fourth rotating shaft, a heat dissipation channel is arranged in the centrifugal disc on the right side of the exosome storage tube, a semiconductor refrigeration sheet is fixedly arranged at the right end of the exosome storage tube, a fifth rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc at the rear end of the heat dissipation channel, a fan is fixedly arranged on the fifth rotating shaft in the heat dissipation channel, a fifth bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the front end of the fifth rotating shaft, and the fifth bevel gear can be meshed with the fourth bevel gear.

Preferably, the protective housing lower extreme is equipped with collects the door, the protective housing front end is equipped with the feeding gate, the fixed sixth bevel gear that is equipped with in the first initiative pivot, be located the sixth bevel gear right side the fixed motor that is equipped with on the protective housing, the motor left end is rotated and is equipped with second initiative pivot, the fixed seventh bevel gear that is equipped with in second initiative pivot left end, seventh bevel gear can with the meshing of sixth bevel gear, outer lane protective wall front end is equipped with closes the lid, it is equipped with the plum blossom dish to close to cover to rotate, when closing the lid and covering, the plum blossom dish outer lane can with promote the slider butt, the pipe is collected to the filtrating the exosome is deposited the pipe lower extreme and all is equipped with the blowing stopper.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device has a centrifugal function, can automatically perform ultrafiltration separation on centrifuged supernatant after centrifugation is finished, can pressurize a filter pipe to improve efficiency during separation, can also pressurize reversely at regular time to ensure that a filter screen is not blocked, greatly increases the filtering speed and the filtering purity, can store exosomes and other waste liquid separately after filtration is finished, thereby ensuring that the exosomes are not polluted, can ensure that the device can keep low temperature in the separation and extraction process, and can ensure that an experimenter can immediately obtain the exosomes or temporarily store the exosomes.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram at A-A in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram at B-B in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention at C in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention at D in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention at E in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view at F in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 at G.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to fig. 1-8, wherein for ease of description the orientations described below are now defined as follows: the up, down, left, right, and front-back directions described below correspond to the up, down, left, right, and front-back directions in the projection relationship of fig. 1 itself.

Combine fig. 1-8 a plasma or serum exosome separation extraction element, including protective housing 10, be equipped with equipment chamber 11 in the protective housing 10, contain the separation in the equipment chamber 11 and draw mechanism 110, be located equipment chamber 11 rear end rotate on the protective housing 10 and be equipped with first initiative pivot 48, fixed long ratchet 53 that is equipped with on the first initiative pivot 48, fixed centrifugal disc 47 that is equipped with on the long ratchet 53, be equipped with four centrifuging tube 24 of round in the centrifugal disc 47 in proper order, the feed inlet of centrifuging tube 24 is in centrifugal disc 47 front end, centrifuging tube 24 front end is equipped with closing cap 25, is located centrifuging tube 24 upside fixed be equipped with first recovery tube 12 on the centrifugal disc 47 outer wall, first recovery tube 12 with it is equipped with recovery tube 27 to connect between centrifuging tube 24, is located centrifuging tube 24 is left it is equipped with to extend to the first slide bar 21 in equipment chamber 11 to slide on the centrifugal disc 47, be located in equipment cavity 11 fixed layering discharge button 23 that is equipped with on the first slide bar 21, layering discharge button 23 with be equipped with first spring 22 between the centrifugal disk 47, first slide bar 21 rear end is fixed and is equipped with first rack 20, is located first rack 20 downside rotate on the centrifugal disk 47 be equipped with extend to first valve pivot 103 in the centrifugal tube 24, be located first rack 20 downside fixed be equipped with first valve gear 19 on the first valve pivot 103, first valve gear 19 can with first rack 20 meshes, the spatial distance that first rack 20 can gliding just in time can make first valve gear 19 rotate quarter round, be located in centrifugal tube 24 fixed be equipped with first valve 26 on the first valve pivot 103, be located the centrifugal tube 24 right side be equipped with supernatant in the centrifugal disk 47 and collect pipe 28, be located the supernatant is collected the pipe 28 lower extreme be equipped with exosome in the centrifugal tray 47 and acquire pipe 45, exosome acquires pipe 45 upper end and is equipped with first filter screen 43, for with exosome acquires the pipe 45 lower extreme be equipped with in the centrifugal tray 47 and extend to the pipe 41 is collected to the filtrating of equipment chamber 11, the filtrating is collected the pipe 41 upper end and is equipped with second filter screen 42, second filter screen 42 left end is equipped with and extends to the outer inlet and exhaust duct 44 of centrifugal tray 47, the supernatant is collected the pipe 28 left end and is equipped with the hole, centrifuge tube 24 right-hand member is equipped with the hole, the supernatant is collected pipe 28 left end hole and the butt joint is equipped with first flow channel 61 between centrifuge tube 24 right-hand member hole, is located first flow channel 61 left end rotate on the centrifugal tray 47 and is equipped with second valve pivot 104, second valve pivot 104 front end is fixed and is equipped with first valve bevel gear 54, a second valve 60 is fixedly arranged on the second valve rotating shaft 104 in the first flow pipe 61, a third valve rotating shaft 56 is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc 47 positioned in front of the second valve rotating shaft 104, a second bevel gear 55 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the third valve rotating shaft 56, the second bevel gear 55 can be meshed with the first bevel gear 54, a second valve gear 57 is fixedly arranged at the right end of the third valve rotating shaft 56, a second slide bar 59 extending to the equipment cavity 11 is slidably arranged on the centrifugal disc 47 positioned at the upper side of the second valve gear 57, a second rack 58 is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the second slide bar 59, the second rack 58 can be meshed with the second valve gear 57, and the second rack 58 can slide downwards at a spatial distance which is just equal to a quarter of the rotation of the second valve gear 57, a supernatant fluid unfiltered liquid recovery tube 29 is arranged in the centrifugal disc 47 on the right side of the supernatant fluid collecting tube 28, an exosome storage tube 30 extending into the device cavity 11 is arranged in the centrifugal disc 47 on the lower end of the supernatant fluid unfiltered liquid recovery tube 29, a hole is arranged at the left end of the supernatant fluid unfiltered liquid recovery tube 29 and the exosome storage tube 30, a hole is arranged at the right end of the supernatant fluid collecting tube 28 and the exosome obtaining tube 45, a second flow tube 71 is butt-jointed between the left end hole of the supernatant fluid unfiltered liquid recovery tube 29 and the right end hole of the supernatant fluid collecting tube 28, a third flow tube 72 is butt-jointed between the left end hole of the exosome storage tube 30 and the right end hole of the exosome obtaining tube 45, a fourth rotating shaft 64 extending into the third flow tube 72 is rotatably arranged at the left end of the second flow tube 71, and a third bevel gear 65 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fourth rotating shaft 64, a fifth valve rotating shaft 67 is rotatably disposed on the centrifugal disc 47 located on the upper side of the third valve bevel gear 65, a fourth valve bevel gear 66 is fixedly disposed at the left end of the fifth valve rotating shaft 67, the fourth valve bevel gear 66 can be engaged with the third valve bevel gear 65, a third valve 62 is fixedly disposed on the fourth valve rotating shaft 64 located in the second flow pipeline 71, a fourth valve 63 is fixedly disposed on the fourth valve rotating shaft 64 located in the third flow pipeline 72, a third valve gear 68 is fixedly disposed on the fifth valve rotating shaft 67 located on the right side of the fourth valve bevel gear 66, a third slide bar 69 extending to the equipment chamber 11 is slidably disposed on the centrifugal disc 47 located on the upper side of the third valve gear 68, a third rack 70 is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the third slide bar 69, and the third rack 70 can be engaged with the third valve gear 68, the third rack 70 can slide down for a quarter of a circle in a space, the centrifugal disc 47 located in front of the supernatant collecting tube 28 is fixedly provided with a first fixed block 73, the first fixed block 73 is rotatably provided with a sixth valve rotating shaft 74 penetrating through the first fixed block 73, the sixth valve rotating shaft 74 located on the lower side of the first fixed block 73 is fixedly provided with a first connecting rod 75, the first fixed block 73 located on the rear side of the sixth valve rotating shaft 74 is fixedly provided with a fixed shaft 78, the fixed shaft 78 is rotatably provided with a second connecting rod 76, the fixed shaft 78 located on the lower side of the second connecting rod 76 is rotatably provided with a third connecting rod 80, the second connecting rod 76 is hinged with the upper end of the second sliding rod 59, the third connecting rod 80 is hinged with the upper end of the third sliding rod 69, the front end of the centrifugal disc 47 is provided with an outer ring protection wall 18, a gear ring 13 is slidably disposed on the outer ring protection wall 18 at the front end of the centrifugal disc 47, a fifth valve bevel gear 81 is fixedly disposed on a sixth valve rotating shaft 74 for searching books on the upper side of the first fixed block 73, a seventh valve rotating shaft 82 is rotatably disposed on the centrifugal disc 47 on the upper side of the fifth valve bevel gear 81, a sixth valve bevel gear 83 is fixedly disposed on the seventh valve rotating shaft 82, the sixth valve bevel gear 83 can be engaged with the fifth valve bevel gear 81, a seventh valve rotating shaft 82 is fixedly disposed on the fourth valve gear 84 on the rear side of the sixth valve bevel gear 83, the seventh valve rotating shaft 82 can be engaged with the gear ring 13, a fourth connecting rod 85 is fixedly disposed on the gear ring 13 on the right side of the fourth valve gear 84, and an electrically controlled hydraulic rod 17 is fixedly disposed on the centrifugal disc 47 on the right side of the fourth connecting rod 85, the right end of the electrically controlled hydraulic rod 17 is hinged with the fourth connecting rod 85.

Advantageously, a pressurizing anti-blocking mechanism 120 is contained in the equipment chamber 11, an inner ring protection wall 90 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the centrifugal disc 47 positioned in the outer ring protection wall 18, a large bevel gear 92 is fixedly arranged on the first driving rotating shaft 48 positioned at the upper end of the centrifugal disc 47, a first rotating shaft 95 penetrating through the inner ring protection wall 90 is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the outer ring protection wall 18, a pushing slider 94 is slidably arranged on the first rotating shaft 95 positioned in the inner ring protection wall 90, a first bevel gear 96 is arranged on the first rotating shaft 95 positioned at the upper end of the pushing slider 94 in a spline connection mode, the first bevel gear 96 can be meshed with the large bevel gear 92, a first spring 97 is arranged between the first bevel gear 96 and the inner ring protection wall 90, a second bevel gear 98 is fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft 95 positioned outside the protection inner ring wall 90, a second rotating shaft 99 is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc 47 positioned on the upper side of the inner ring protection wall 90, a third bevel gear 100 is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft 99, the third bevel gear 100 can be meshed with the second bevel gear 98, a first gear 101 is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft 99 at the rear side of the third bevel gear 100, a third rotating shaft 88 is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc 47 at the left side of the first gear 101, a second gear 86 is fixedly arranged on the third rotating shaft 88, a first sliding shaft 87 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the second gear 86, a piston cylinder 77 is arranged on the centrifugal disc 47 positioned at the upper side of the second gear 86, a piston rod 79 is arranged in the piston cylinder 77 in a sliding way, the lower end of the piston rod 79 is provided with a connecting rod 106 with a through hole, the first sliding shaft 87 can slide in the connecting rod 106 with a through hole, and the upper end of the piston cylinder 77 is provided with an air pipe 105 connected to the supernatant collecting pipe 28.

Advantageously, a fourth rotating shaft 89 passing through the inner ring protection wall 90 is rotatably arranged on the inner ring protection wall 90 positioned at the left side of the first rotating shaft 95, a third bevel gear 91 is fixedly arranged on the fourth rotating shaft 89 positioned in the inner ring protection wall 90, the third bevel gear 91 can be engaged with the large bevel gear 92, the upper end of the fourth rotating shaft 89 is fixedly provided with a fourth bevel gear 15, a heat dissipation channel 33 is arranged in the centrifugal disc 47 positioned at the right side of the exosome storage tube 30, a semiconductor refrigerating plate 35 is fixedly arranged at the right end of the exosome storage tube 30, a fifth rotating shaft 32 is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc 47 positioned at the rear end of the heat dissipation channel 33, a fan 34 is fixedly arranged on the fifth rotating shaft 32 positioned in the heat dissipation channel 33, a fifth bevel gear 31 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the fifth rotating shaft 32, and the fifth bevel gear 31 can be meshed with the fourth bevel gear 15.

Beneficially, the lower end of the protective casing 10 is provided with a collecting door 16, the front end of the protective casing 10 is provided with a feeding door 46, a sixth bevel gear 49 is fixedly arranged on the first driving rotating shaft 48, a motor 52 is fixedly arranged on the protective casing 10 on the right side of the sixth bevel gear 49, a second driving rotating shaft 51 is rotatably arranged at the left end of the motor 52, a seventh bevel gear 50 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the second driving rotating shaft 51, the seventh bevel gear 50 can be meshed with the sixth bevel gear 49, the front end of the outer ring protective wall 18 is provided with a closing cover 102, a plum blossom disc 93 is rotatably arranged on the closing cover 102, when the closing cover 102 is covered, the outer ring of the plum blossom disc 93 can abut against the pushing slider 94, and the lower ends of the filtrate collecting pipe 41 and the exosome storage pipe 30 are provided with emptying plugs 40.

In the initial state, the positional relationship is as shown in the figure.

The feeding door 46, the closing cover 102 and the closing cover 25 are opened, a sample is added into the centrifuge tube 24, the feeding door 46, the closing cover 102 and the closing cover 25 are closed, the motor 52 is started, the motor 52 rotates in the forward direction to drive the second driving rotating shaft 51 to rotate, the second driving rotating shaft 51 rotates to drive the seventh bevel gear 50 to rotate, the seventh bevel gear 50 rotates to drive the sixth bevel gear 49 to rotate, the sixth bevel gear 49 rotates to drive the first driving rotating shaft 48 to rotate, the first driving rotating shaft 48 rotates to drive the long ratchet wheel 53 to rotate, the long ratchet wheel 53 rotates to drive the centrifuge disc 47 to rotate, and the centrifuge disc 47 rotates to centrifuge the sample in the centrifuge tube 24.

After centrifugation, the motor 52 is turned off, the feed door 46 is opened, the layered discharge button 23 is pressed, the layered discharge button 23 moves downwards to drive the first slide bar 21 to move downwards, the first slide bar 21 moves to drive the first rack 20 to move, the first rack 20 moves to drive the first valve gear 19 to rotate, the first valve gear 19 rotates to drive the first valve rotating shaft 103 to rotate, the first valve rotating shaft 103 rotates to drive the first valve 26 to rotate to open, the solution below the supernatant is discharged into the first recovery pipe 12 through the recovery pipeline 27, the solution is discharged completely, the layered discharge button 23 is loosened, the first valve 26 is closed under the action of the first spring 22, and the supernatant extraction is finished.

The electrically controlled hydraulic rod 17 is started to push the fourth link 85 to move leftwards, the fourth link 85 moves to drive the gear ring 13 to slide anticlockwise on the outer ring protection wall 18, the gear ring 13 slides to drive the fourth valve gear 84 to rotate anticlockwise, the fourth valve gear 84 rotates to drive the seventh valve rotating shaft 82 to rotate, the seventh valve rotating shaft 82 rotates to drive the sixth valve bevel gear 83 to rotate, the sixth valve bevel gear 83 rotates to drive the fifth valve bevel gear 81 to rotate, the fifth valve bevel gear 81 rotates to drive the sixth valve rotating shaft 74 to rotate, the sixth valve rotating shaft 74 rotates to drive the first link 75 to rotate, the first link 75 rotates to drive the second link 76 to rotate backwards around the fixed shaft 78, at this time, the third link 80 remains unchanged, the second link 76 rotates to press the second slide rod 59 downwards, the second slide rod 59 moves backwards to drive the second rack 58 to move, the second rack 58 moves to drive the second valve gear 57 to rotate, the second valve gear 57 rotates to drive the third valve rotating shaft 56 to rotate, the third valve rotating shaft 56 rotates to drive the second valve bevel gear 55 to rotate, the second valve bevel gear 55 rotates to drive the first valve bevel gear 54 to rotate, the first valve bevel gear 54 rotates to drive the second valve rotating shaft 104 to rotate, the second valve rotating shaft 104 rotates to drive the second valve 60 to rotate and open, the supernatant in the centrifuge tube 24 flows into the supernatant collecting tube 28, after all the supernatant flows in, the electric control hydraulic rod 17 returns, the second valve 60 is closed, the motor 52 is started, the motor 52 rotates reversely to drive the first driving rotating shaft 48 to rotate reversely, under the action of the ratchet wheel, the first driving rotating shaft 48 rotates reversely to drive the centrifuge disk 47 to rotate, the first driving rotating shaft 48 rotates to drive the large bevel gear 92 to rotate, the large bevel gear 92 rotates to drive the third bevel gear 91 and the first bevel gear 96 to rotate, the first bevel gear 96 rotates to drive the first rotating shaft 95 to rotate, the first rotating shaft 95 rotates to drive the second bevel gear 98 to rotate, the second bevel gear 98 rotates to drive the third bevel gear 100 to rotate, the third bevel gear 100 rotates to drive the second rotating shaft 99 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 99 rotates to drive the first gear 101 to rotate, the first gear 101 rotates to drive the second gear 86 to rotate, the second gear 86 rotates to drive the first sliding shaft 87 to rotate, the piston rod 79 slides up and down under the action of the connecting rod 106 with the through hole, during air compression, compressed air enters the centrifuge tube 24 from the piston cylinder 77 through the air tube 105, finally enters the filtrate collecting tube 41 through the exosome acquisition tube 45 and is discharged from the air inlet and outlet pipeline 44, thus, the filtering speed is accelerated through pressurization, during air suction, air enters the filtrate collecting tube 41 through the air inlet and outlet pipeline 44, finally enters the supernatant collecting tube 28 through the exosome acquisition tube 45 and is sucked into the piston cylinder 77 by the air tube 105, and air suction in the direction can prevent the blockage caused by excessive pressurization, thereby reach the effect of clearance filter screen for filter speed, first filter screen 43 can stop the material that is greater than the exosome diameter and collect in tub 28 at the supernatant, and second filter screen 42 can filter the material that is less than the exosome diameter and collect in tub 41 to the filtrating to only exosome in exosome acquisition tube 45.

After the separation is finished, the motor 52 is stopped, the electrically controlled hydraulic rod 17 is started to pull the fourth connecting rod 85 to the right, the fourth connecting rod 85 moves to drive the gear ring 13 to rotate clockwise, so that the first connecting rod 75 rotates clockwise, the first connecting rod 75 rotates to drive the third connecting rod 80 to rotate backwards around the fixed shaft 78, the third connecting rod 80 rotates to drive the third sliding rod 69 to move backwards, the third sliding rod 69 moves to drive the third rack 70 to move, and the third rack 70 moves to drive the third door gear 68 to rotate. The third valve gear 68 rotates to drive the fifth valve rotating shaft 67 to rotate, the fifth valve rotating shaft 67 rotates to drive the fourth valve bevel gear 66 to rotate, the fourth valve bevel gear 66 rotates to drive the third valve bevel gear 65 to rotate, the third valve bevel gear 65 rotates to drive the fourth valve rotating shaft 64 to rotate, the fourth valve rotating shaft 64 rotates to drive the third valve 62 and the fourth valve 63 to rotate and open, the residual liquid in the supernatant collecting pipe 28 flows into the supernatant unfiltered liquid recycling pipe 29, and the exosomes in the exosome obtaining pipe 45 flows into the exosome storing pipe 30 to be stored, and the separation and extraction are completed.

The semiconductor refrigeration piece 35 can keep the working temperature at 4 ℃, and at the same time, after the separation and extraction are finished, exosomes and other residual waste liquid can be collected by removing the discharging plug 40, if long-term storage is needed, the semiconductor refrigeration piece 35 can be adjusted to 80 ℃ below zero by a third connecting rod, meanwhile, a quincunx disc 93 is manually rotated, the bulge on the outer ring of the quincunx disc 93 props against a pushing slide block 94 to slide upwards, the pushing slide block 94 is pushed to move to push a first spring 97 to slide upwards on a first bevel gear 96, the first spring 97 is disengaged with a large bevel gear 92, at the moment, a starting motor 52 is started to rotate reversely, the large bevel gear 92 rotates to drive a third bevel gear 91 to rotate, the third bevel gear 91 rotates to drive a fourth rotating shaft 89 to rotate, the fourth rotating shaft 89 rotates to drive a fourth bevel gear 15 to rotate, the fourth bevel gear 15 rotates to drive a fifth bevel gear 31 to rotate, the fifth bevel gear 31, the fifth rotating shaft 32 rotates to drive the fan 34 to rotate, and the fan 34 rotates to dissipate heat, so that the refrigerating efficiency of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 35 is improved.

Meanwhile, the centrifuge tube 24, the supernatant collecting tube 28, the exosome obtaining tube 45, the filtrate collecting tube 41, the supernatant unfiltered liquid recycling tube 29 and the exosome storing tube 30 can be taken down, so that the centrifuge tube is convenient to replace or directly store, and the inspection of the content in the centrifuge tube is realized.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a plasma or serum exosome separation extraction element, includes the protective housing, its characterized in that: the equipment cavity is arranged in the protective shell, the equipment cavity contains a separation and extraction mechanism, a first driving rotating shaft is arranged on the protective shell at the rear end of the equipment cavity in a rotating manner, a long ratchet wheel is fixedly arranged on the first driving rotating shaft, a centrifugal disc is fixedly arranged on the long ratchet wheel, a circle of four centrifugal tubes are sequentially arranged in the centrifugal disc, a feed inlet of each centrifugal tube is arranged at the front end of the centrifugal disc, a sealing cover is arranged at the front end of each centrifugal tube, a first recovery tube is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the centrifugal disc at the upper side of the centrifugal tube, a recovery pipeline is connected between the first recovery tube and the centrifugal tube, a first sliding rod extending to the equipment cavity is arranged on the centrifugal disc at the left side of the centrifugal tube in a sliding manner, a layering discharge button is fixedly arranged on the first sliding rod positioned in the equipment cavity, and a first spring is arranged between the layering discharge button and the centrifugal, the rear end of the first sliding rod is fixedly provided with a first rack, the centrifugal disc positioned on the lower side of the first rack is rotatably provided with a first valve rotating shaft extending into the centrifugal tube, the first valve rotating shaft positioned on the lower side of the first rack is fixedly provided with a first valve gear, the first valve gear can be meshed with the first rack, the spatial distance of the first rack capable of sliding down just enables the first valve gear to rotate a quarter circle, the first valve rotating shaft positioned in the centrifugal tube is fixedly provided with a first valve, the centrifugal disc positioned on the right side of the centrifugal tube is provided with a supernatant collecting tube, the centrifugal disc positioned at the lower end of the supernatant collecting tube is provided with a exosome collecting tube, the upper end of the exosome collecting tube is provided with a first filter screen, and the centrifugal disc at the lower end of the exosome collecting tube is provided with a filtrate collecting tube extending to the equipment cavity, the upper end of the filtrate collecting pipe is provided with a second filter screen, the left end of the second filter screen is provided with an air inlet and exhaust pipeline extending to the outside of the centrifugal disc, the left end of the supernatant collecting pipe is provided with a hole, the right end of the centrifuge pipe is provided with a hole, the supernatant collecting pipe left end hole is in butt joint with the centrifuge pipe right end hole and is provided with a first flow pipeline, the centrifugal disc positioned at the left end of the first flow pipeline is rotatably provided with a second valve rotating shaft, the front end of the second valve rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a first valve bevel gear, the second valve rotating shaft positioned in the first flow pipeline is fixedly provided with a second valve, the centrifugal disc positioned at the front side of the second valve rotating shaft is rotatably provided with a third valve rotating shaft, the left end of the third valve rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a second valve bevel gear, and the second valve bevel gear can be meshed with the first valve bevel gear, the right end of the third valve rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a second valve gear, the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the second valve gear is provided with a second sliding rod extending to the equipment cavity in a sliding manner, the rear end of the second sliding rod is fixedly provided with a second rack, the second rack can be meshed with the second valve gear, the spatial distance that the second rack can slide down just enables the second valve gear to rotate a quarter of a circle, the centrifugal disc positioned on the right side of the supernatant collecting pipe is internally provided with a supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe, the centrifugal disc positioned at the lower end of the supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe is internally provided with an exosome storage pipe extending to the equipment cavity, the supernatant unfiltered liquid recovery pipe is provided with a hole at the left end of the exosome storage pipe, and the exosome collecting pipe is provided with a hole at the right end thereof, a second flow pipeline is arranged between the left end hole of the supernatant fluid unfiltered liquid recovery pipe and the right end hole of the supernatant fluid collecting pipe in a butt joint mode, a third flow pipe is arranged between the left end hole of the exosome storing pipe and the right end hole of the exosome obtaining pipe in a butt joint mode, a fourth valve rotating shaft extending into the third flow pipe is rotatably arranged at the left end of the second flow pipeline, a third valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fourth valve rotating shaft, a fifth valve rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the third valve bevel gear, a fourth valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged at the left end of the fifth valve rotating shaft and can be meshed with the third valve bevel gear, a third valve is fixedly arranged on the fourth valve rotating shaft positioned in the second flow pipeline, and a fourth valve is fixedly arranged on the fourth valve rotating shaft positioned in the third flow pipeline, a third valve gear is fixedly arranged on the fifth valve rotating shaft positioned on the right side of the fourth valve bevel gear, a third sliding rod extending to the equipment cavity is arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the third valve gear in a sliding manner, a third rack is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the third sliding rod and can be meshed with the third valve gear, the third rack can slide down for a space distance which just enables the third valve gear to rotate for a quarter of a circle, a first fixed block is fixedly arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the front side of the supernatant collecting pipe, a sixth valve rotating shaft penetrating through the first fixed block is rotatably arranged on the first fixed block, a first connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the sixth valve rotating shaft positioned on the lower side of the first fixed block, and a fixed shaft is fixedly arranged on the first fixed block positioned on the rear side of the sixth valve rotating shaft, a second connecting rod is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft, a third connecting rod is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft and positioned on the lower side of the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is hinged with the upper end of the second sliding rod, the third connecting rod is hinged with the upper end of the third sliding rod, the front end of the centrifugal disc is provided with an outer ring protection wall, a gear ring is slidably arranged on the outer ring protection wall positioned on the front end of the centrifugal disc, a sixth valve rotating shaft for searching books and positioned on the upper side of the first fixed block is fixedly provided with a fifth valve bevel gear, a seventh valve rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the centrifugal disc positioned on the upper side of the fifth valve bevel gear, a sixth valve bevel gear is fixedly arranged on the seventh valve rotating shaft and can be meshed with the fifth valve bevel gear, and a seventh valve rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the fourth valve gear positioned on the rear side of the sixth valve bevel gear, the seventh valve rotating shaft can be meshed with the gear ring, a fourth connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the gear ring on the right side of the fourth valve gear, an electronic control hydraulic rod is fixedly arranged on the centrifugal disc on the right side of the fourth connecting rod, and the right end of the electronic control hydraulic rod is hinged to the fourth connecting rod.

2. A plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the equipment cavity is internally provided with a pressurizing anti-blocking mechanism, the upper end of the centrifugal disc positioned in the outer ring protective wall is fixedly provided with an inner ring protective wall, the first driving rotating shaft positioned at the upper end of the centrifugal disc is fixedly provided with a large bevel gear, the upper end of the outer ring protective wall is rotatably provided with a first rotating shaft penetrating through the inner ring protective wall, the first rotating shaft positioned in the inner ring protective wall is provided with a pushing slide block in a sliding manner, the first rotating shaft positioned at the upper end of the pushing slide block is provided with a first bevel gear in a spline connection manner, the first bevel gear can be meshed with the large bevel gear, a first spring is arranged between the first bevel gear and the inner ring protective wall, the first rotating shaft positioned at the outer side of the inner ring protective wall is fixedly provided with a second bevel gear, the centrifugal disc positioned at the upper side of the inner ring protective wall is rotatably provided with a second rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft is, third bevel gear can with the meshing of second bevel gear is located the third bevel gear rear side fixed being equipped with first gear in the second pivot, be located first gear is left rotate on the centrifugal plate and be equipped with the third pivot, fixed being equipped with the second gear in the third pivot, the fixed first smooth axle that is equipped with in second gear front end is located the second gear upside be equipped with the piston cylinder on the centrifugal plate, it is equipped with the piston rod to slide in the piston cylinder, the piston rod lower extreme is equipped with the connecting rod that has the through-hole, first smooth axle can slide in the connecting rod that has the through-hole, the piston cylinder upper end is equipped with and is connected to the trachea that the pipe was collected to the supernatant.

3. A plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the centrifugal disc is provided with a centrifugal disc, the centrifugal disc is provided with a first rotating shaft, the centrifugal disc is provided with a second rotating shaft, the centrifugal disc is provided with a centrifugal disc, the centrifugal disc is provided with a fan, the centrifugal.

4. A plasma or serum exosome separation and extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the protective housing lower extreme is equipped with collects the door, the protective housing front end is equipped with the feed gate, the fixed sixth bevel gear that is equipped with in the first initiative pivot, be located the sixth bevel gear right side the fixed motor that is equipped with on the protective housing, the motor left end is rotated and is equipped with second initiative pivot, the fixed seventh bevel gear that is equipped with in second initiative pivot left end, seventh bevel gear can with the meshing of sixth bevel gear, outer lane protective wall front end is equipped with closes the lid, it is equipped with the plum blossom dish to close to cover to rotate, when closing the lid and covering, the plum blossom dish outer lane can with promote the slider butt, the pipe is collected to filtrating the exosome deposit the pipe lower extreme and all be equipped with the blowing stopper.